Introducción

Desde su fundación en 1898, ASTM International es una de las

organizaciones internacionales de desarrollo de normas más grandes
del mundo. En ASTM se reúnen productores, usuarios y consumidores,
entre otros, de todo el mundo, para crear normas de consenso
voluntarias. Las normas de ASTM se crean usando un procedimiento
que adopta los principios del Convenio de barreras técnicas al comercio
de la OrganizaciónMundial del Comercio (World Trade Organization
Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement)
En este presente trabajo se hablara sobre las normas ASTM donde se
pretende exponer algunas de las normas, su significado y uso.
Las normas ASTM international (American Society for Testing and
Materials) es una de las organizaciones internacionales de desarrollo
de normas más grandes del mundo. En ASTM se reúnen productores,
usuarios y consumidores, entre otros, de todo el mundo, para
crearnormas de consenso voluntarias.
ASTM A-615
Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-
Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
This specification covers deformed and plain carbon-steel bars for concrete
reinforcements in cut lengths and coils. Materials considered under this
specification are available in Grades 40 [280], 60 [420] and 75 [520]. Steel samples
shall be rolled from properly identified heats of mold cast or strand cast steel
using electric-furnace, basic-oxygen, or open-hearth. Heat analysis shall be
performed wherein steel materials shall conform to required compositions of
carbon, manganese, phosphorus and sulfur. Steel specimens shall also undergo
tensile tests and shall conform to required values of tensile strength, yield
strength, and elongation. Steel samples shall also undergo deformation test,
tension test and bend tests. Final products shall be marked by a tag.

This abstract is a brief summary of the referenced standard. It is informational

only and not an official part of the standard; the full text of the standard itself
must be referred to for its use and application. ASTM does not give any warranty
express or implied or make any representation that the contents of this abstract
are accurate, complete or up to date.

1. Scope

1.1 This specification covers deformed and plain carbon-steel bars in cut lengths
and coils for concrete reinforcement. Steel bars containing alloy additions, such as
with the Association for Iron and Steel Technology and the Society of Automotive
Engineers series of alloy steels, are permitted if the resulting product meets all
the other requirements of this specification. The standard sizes and dimensions of
deformed bars and their number designations are given in Table 1.

(A) The nominal dimensions of a deformed bar are equivalent to those of a plain
round bar having the same weight [mass] per foot [metre] as the deformed bar.
(B) Refer to Note 2.
1.2 Bars are of five minimum yield strength levels: namely, 40 000 psi [280 MPa],
60 000 psi [420 MPa], 75 000 psi [520 MPa], 80 000 psi [550 MPa], and 100 000
psi [690 MPa], designated as Grade 40 [280], Grade 60 [420], Grade 75 [520],
Grade 80 [550], and Grade 100 [690], respectively.

NOTE 1: Grade 100 [690] reinforcing bars were introduced in this specification in
2015. In contrast to the lower grades, which have ratios of specified tensile
strength to specified yield strength that range from 1.31 to 1.5, Grade 100 [690]
reinforcing bars have a ratio of specified tensile strength to specified yield
strength of 1.15. Designers should be aware that there will, therefore, be a lower
margin of safety and reduced warning of failure following yielding when Grade
100 [690] bars are used in structural members where strength is governed by the
tensile strength of the reinforcement, primarily in beams and slabs. If this is of
concern, the purchaser has the option of specifying a minimum ratio of tensile
strength to actual yield strength. Consensus design codes and specifications such
as “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318)” may not
recognize Grade 100 [690] reinforcing bars: therefore the 125 % of specified yield
strength requirements in tension and compression are not applicable. Mechanical
and welded splices should meet a minimum specified tensile strength of 115 000
psi [790 MPa].

NOTE 2: Designers need to be aware that design standards do not recognize the
use of the No. 20 [64] bar, the largest bar included in this specification. Structural
members reinforced with No. 20 [64] bars may require approval of the building
official or other appropriate authority and require special detailing to ensure
adequate performance at service and factored loads.

1.3 Plain bars, in sizes up to and including 21/2 in. [63.5 mm] in diameter in coils or
cut lengths, when ordered shall be furnished under this specification in Grade 40
[280], Grade 60 [420], Grade 75 [520], Grade 80 [550], and Grade 100 [690]. For
ductility properties (elongation and bending), test provisions of the nearest
smaller nominal diameter deformed bar size shall apply. Requirements providing
for deformations and marking shall not be applicable.

NOTE 3: Welding of the material in this specification should be approached with

caution since no specific provisions have been included to enhance its weldability.
When this steel is to be welded, a welding procedure suitable for the chemical
composition and intended use or service should be used. The use of the latest
edition of AWS D1.4/D1.4M is recommended. The AWS D1.4/D1.4M Welding
Code describes the proper selection of the filler metals and preheat/interpass
temperatures, as well as performance and procedure qualification requirements.

1.4 Requirements for alternate bar sizes are presented in Annex A1. The
requirements in Annex A1 only apply when specified by the purchaser (see 4.2.5).

1.5 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide
explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall
not be considered as requirements of the specification.

1.6 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as
Specification A615) or in SI units (as Specification A615M).

1.7 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded
separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two
systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.

1.8 This specification does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this specification to
establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability
of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Resumen

Especificación normalizada para barras de acero al carbono

lisas y corrugadas para refuerzo de concreto.
Esta norma nos da la entender que las barras de acero y carbono cubre todas las
especificaciones en deformación y lisas para los refuerzos de concreto.

Se realizan un análisis de calor en el que los materiales de acero se ajustaran a la

composición requerida que resista a los ensayos de tracción y se ajuste a lo
requerido.

. Las muestras de acero también deberán someterse a pruebas de deformación,

prueba de tensión y pruebas de flexión. Los productos finales deberán estar
marcados con una etiqueta

. Se permiten barras de acero que contengan adiciones de aleación, como la

Asociación para la Tecnología de Hierro y Acero y la serie de aceros de aleación de
la Sociedad de Ingenieros Automotrices, si el producto resultante cumple con
todos los demás requisitos de esta especificación.
ASTM C-150
Standard Specification for Portland Cement
This specification covers eight types of portland cement: type I, type IA, type II,
type IIA, type III, type IIIA, type IV, and type V. The cement covered by this
specification shall only contain the following ingredients: portland cement clinker;
water or calcium sulfate, or both; limestone; processing additions; and air-
entraining addition for air-entraining portland cement. Portland cement of each
of the eight types must have the following chemical compositions: aluminum
oxide, ferric oxide, magnesium oxide, sulfur trioxide, tricalcium silicate, dicalcium
silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracalcium aluminofernite. Applicable
properties enumerated in this specification will be determined by the following
test methods: air content of mortar, chemical analysis, strength, false set,
fineness by air permeability, fineness by turbidimeter, heat of hydration,
autoclave expansion, time of setting by gillmore needles, time of setting by vicat
needles, sulfate resistance, calcium sulfate, and compressive strength. The
cement shall be stored in such a manner as to permit easy access for proper
inspection and identification of each shipment, and in a suitable weather-tight
building that will protect the cement from dampness and minimize warehouse
set.

This abstract is a brief summary of the referenced standard. It is informational

only and not an official part of the standard; the full text of the standard itself
must be referred to for its use and application. ASTM does not give any warranty
express or implied or make any representation that the contents of this abstract
are accurate, complete or up to date.

1. Scope

1.1 This specification covers ten types of portland cement, as follows (see Note 2):

1.1.1 Type I—For use when the special properties specified for any other type are
not required.

1.1.2 Type IA—Air-entraining cement for the same uses as Type I, where air-
entrainment is desired.
1.1.3 Type II—For general use, more especially when moderate sulfate resistance
is desired.

1.1.4 Type IIA—Air-entraining cement for the same uses as Type II, where air-
entrainment is desired.

1.1.5 Type II(MH)—For general use, more especially when moderate heat of
hydration and moderate sulfate resistance are desired.

1.1.6 Type II(MH)A—Air-entraining cement for the same uses as Type II(MH),
where air-entrainment is desired.

1.1.7 Type III—For use when high early strength is desired.

1.1.8 Type IIIA—Air-entraining cement for the same use as Type III, where air-
entrainment is desired.

1.1.9 Type IV—For use when a low heat of hydration is desired.

1.1.10 Type V—For use when high sulfate resistance is desired.

NOTE 1: Some cements are designated with a combined type classification, such
as Type I/II, indicating that the cement meets the requirements of the indicated
types and is being offered as suitable for use when either type is desired.

NOTE 2: Cement conforming to the requirements for all types are not carried in
stock in some areas. In advance of specifying the use of cement other than Type I,
determine whether the proposed type of cement is, or can be made, available.

1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded
separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact
equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
standard. Values in SI units [or inch-pound units] shall be obtained by
measurement in SI units [or inch-pound units] or by appropriate conversion, using
the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of
measurements made in other units [or SI units]. Values are stated in only SI units
when inch-pound units are not used in practice.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide
explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and
figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally

recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles
for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations
issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
Committee.
Resumen
Especificación Normalizada para Cemento Portland
Esta normaq cubre ocho tipos de cemento portland: tipo I, tipo IA, tipo II, tipo IIA,
tipo III, tipo IIIA, tipo IV y tipo V. El cemento cubierto por esta especificación que
solo contendrá los siguientes ingredientes: clinker de cemento portland ; agua o
sulfato de calcio, o ambos; caliza; adiciones de procesamiento; y adición de
incorporación de aire para cemento portland con aire incorporado. El cemento
Portland de cada uno de los ocho tipos debe tener las siguientes composiciones
químicas: óxido de aluminio, óxido férrico, óxido de magnesio, trióxido de azufre,
silicato tricálcico, silicato dicálcico, aluminato tricálcico y aluminofernita
tetracálcica.
El cemento debe almacenarse de tal manera que permita un fácil acceso para la
inspección e identificación adecuada de cada envío, y en un edificio hermético
adecuado que proteja al cemento de la humedad y minimice el conjunto de
almacenes.
ASTM C-192
Standard Practice for Making and Curing
Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
Significance and Use

3.1 This practice provides standardized requirements for preparation of materials,

mixing concrete, and making and curing concrete test specimens under laboratory
conditions.

3.2 If specimen preparation is controlled as stipulated herein, the specimens may

be used to develop information for the following purposes:

3.2.1 Mixture proportioning for project concrete,

3.2.2 Evaluation of different mixtures and materials,

3.2.3 Correlation with nondestructive tests, and

3.2.4 Providing specimens for research purposes.

NOTE 1: The concrete test results for concrete specimens made and cured using
this practice are widely used. They may be the basis for acceptance testing for
project concrete, research evaluations, and other studies. Careful and
knowledgeable handling of materials, mixing concrete, molding test specimens,
and curing test specimens is necessary. Many laboratories performing this
important work are independently inspected or accredited.
Practice C1077 identifies and defines the duties, responsibilities, and minimum
technical qualification requirements of laboratory personnel and the minimum
requirements for equipment used in testing concrete and concrete aggregates.

1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers procedures for making and curing test specimens of
concrete in the laboratory under accurate control of materials and test conditions
using concrete that can be consolidated by rodding or vibration as described
herein.

1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded
separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact
equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
standard.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability
of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious
mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to exposed skin and tissue
upon prolonged exposure.2)
Resumen
Práctica Normalizada para Preparación y Curado de
Especímenes de Concreto para Ensayo en Laboratorio
En esta norma se proporcinan requisitos estrandaridos para una preparación en
materiales, la mezcla de concreto y la fabricación y el curado de probetas en
concreto en el laboratorio.

Aquí nos damos cuenta que los resultados tienden a ser mas ampliados para
mejor investigación ya que es un manejo cuidadoso y el ocupante a este rol tiene
que ser conocedor de ello, hasta llegar a ser acreditado.

Es muy importante tener en cuenta que las evaluaciones de mezclas y materiales

son muy importantes en el laboratorio.

La práctica C1077 identifica y define los deberes, las responsabilidades y los

requisitos mínimos de calificación técnica del personal de laboratorio y los
requisitos mínimos para el equipo utilizado en las pruebas de concreto y
agregados de concreto.Esta práctica cubre los procedimientos para fabricar y
curar especímenes de prueba de concreto en el laboratorio bajo un control
preciso de los materiales y las condiciones de prueba usando concreto que se
puede consolidar mediante varillaje o vibración como se describe aquí.Los valores
indicados en unidades SI o en unidades de pulgada-libra se deben considerar por
separado como estándar. Los valores establecidos en cada sistema pueden no ser
equivalentes exactos; por lo tanto, cada sistema se usará independientemente del
otro. La combinación de valores de los dos sistemas puede dar como resultado la
no conformidad con el estándar. Esta norma no pretende abordar todos los
problemas de seguridad, si los hay, asociados con su uso. Es responsabilidad del
usuario de esta norma establecer prácticas de seguridad y salud apropiadas y
determinar la aplicabilidad de las limitaciones reglamentarias antes de su
uso. ( Advertencia: las mezclas cementosas hidráulicas nuevas son cáusticas y
pueden provocar quemaduras químicas en la piel y los tejidos expuestos después
de una exposición prolongada).
ASTM C-143
Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-
Cement Concrete
Significance and Use

4.1 This test method is intended to provide the user with a procedure to
determine slump of plastic hydraulic-cement concretes.

NOTE 1: This test method was originally developed to provide a technique to

monitor the consistency of unhardened concrete. Under laboratory conditions,
with strict control of all concrete materials, the slump is generally found to
increase proportionally with the water content of a given concrete mixture, and
thus to be inversely related to concrete strength. Under field conditions,
however, such a strength relationship is not clearly and consistently shown. Care
should therefore be taken in relating slump results obtained under field
conditions to strength.

4.2 This test method is considered applicable to plastic concrete having coarse
aggregate up to 11/2 in. [37.5 mm] in size. If the coarse aggregate is larger than
11/2 in. [37.5 mm] in size, the test method is applicable when it is performed on
the fraction of concrete passing a 11/2-in. [37.5-mm] sieve, with the larger
aggregate being removed in accordance with the section titled “Additional
Procedure for Large Maximum Size Aggregate Concrete” in Practice C172.

4.3 This test method is not considered applicable to non-plastic and non-cohesive
concrete.

NOTE 2: Concretes having slumps less than 1/2 in. [15 mm] may not be adequately
plastic and concretes having slumps greater than about 9 in. [230 mm] may not
be adequately cohesive for this test to have significance. Caution should be
exercised in interpreting such results.
1. Scope

1.1 This test method covers determination of slump of hydraulic-cement

concrete, both in the laboratory and in the field.

1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded
separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two
systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide
explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and
figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability
of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious
mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon
prolonged exposure.2)
Resumen
Método de Ensayo Normalizado para
Asentamiento de Concreto de Cemento
Hidráulico
Este método de ensayo cubre la determinación del asentamiento de concreto de
cemento hidráulico, tanto en laboratorio como en el campo. Los valores indicados
en unidades SI o en unidades pulgada-libra deben ser considerados como los
estándares. Dentro del texto, las unidades SI se muestran entre corchetes. Los
valores indicados en cada sistema pueden no ser exactamente equivalentes; por
eso, cada sistema debe ser utilizado independientemente del otro. La
combinación de valores de los dos sistemas puede resultar en la no conformidad
con la norma.
ASTM C-33
Standard Specification for Aggregates for Concrete
1 reach

1.1 This specification defines the requirements for granulometry and quality of
fine and coarse aggregate (other than light or heavy aggregate) to be used in
concrete.2

1.2 This specification is to be used by a contractor, concrete supplier, or other

buyer as part of a purchase document that describes the material to be
provided. NOTE 1-This specification is considered adequate to ensure satisfactory
materials for most concrete. It is recognized that, for certain jobs or in certain
regions, it may be more or less restrictive than necessary. For example, where the
aesthetic is important, more restrictive limits can be considered by addressing the
impurities that would soil the surface of the concrete. The specifier should verify
that the specified aggregates are or may be available in the area of the work, with
respect to granulometry, physical or chemical properties or combination thereof.

1.3 This specification is also to be used in project specifications to define the

quality of the aggregate, the maximum nominal size of the aggregate, and other
specific granulometry requirements. Those responsible for selecting the dosage
for the concrete mix should have the responsibility to determine the dosage of
fine and coarse aggregate and the addition of aggregate sizes to combine if
required or approved.

1.4 The values given in either SI units or inch-pound units are considered
separately as standard values. The values given in each system may not be exactly
equivalent; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. The
combination of values of the two systems can result in non-compliance with the
standard.
1.5 The text of this standard cites footnotes and footnotes that provide
explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and
figures) should not be considered as requirements of this standard.
Resumen
Especificación Normalizada para Agregados
para Concreto
Esta norma define los requisitos para granulometría y calidad de agregado fino y
grueso (distinto de agregado liviano o pesado) para utilizar en concreto. Para ser
utilizada por un contratista, proveedor de concreto, u otro comprador como parte
de un documento de compra que describe el material a proveer. Es considerada
como adecuada para asegurar materiales satisfactorios para la mayoría de los
concretos. Se reconoce que, para ciertos trabajos o en ciertas regiones, puede ser
más o menos restrictiva que lo necesario. Por ejemplo, donde lo estético es
importante, límites más restrictivos pueden ser considerados atendiendo a las
impurezas que ensuciarían la superficie del concreto. El especificador debería
comprobar que los agregados especificados están o pueden estar disponibles en
el área de la obra, con respecto a la granulometría, propiedades físicas o
químicas. Tambien para ser utilizada en especificaciones de proyecto para definir
la calidad del agregado, el tamaño nominal máximo del agregado, y otros
requisitos de granulometría específicos. Los responsables de seleccionar la
dosificación para la mezcla del concreto deben tener la responsabilidad de
determinar la dosificación de agregado fino y grueso y la adición de tamaños de
agregados para combinar si se requiere o aprueba.
ASTM C-136
Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine
and Coarse Aggregates
Significance and Use

5.1 This test method is used primarily to determine the grading of materials proposed
for use as aggregates or being used as aggregates. The results are used to determine
compliance of the particle size distribution with applicable specification requirements
and to provide necessary data for control of the production of various aggregate
products and mixtures containing aggregates. The data may also be useful in
developing relationships concerning porosity and packing.

5.2 Accurate determination of material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve cannot be
achieved by use of this test method alone. Test Method C117 for material finer than 75-
μm sieve by washing should be employed.

5.3 Refer to methods of sampling and testing in Specification C637 for heavyweight
aggregates.

1. Scope

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle size distribution of fine and
coarse aggregates by sieving.

1.2 Some specifications for aggregates which reference this test method contain
grading requirements including both coarse and fine fractions. Instructions are included
for sieve analysis of such aggregates.

1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded
separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact
equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
standard.

NOTE 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The
alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not
represent a different standard sieve size. Specification E11 cites the following with
respect to SI units versus inch-pound units as standard. “The values stated in SI units
shall be considered standard for the dimensions of the sieve cloth openings and the
wire diameters used in the sieve cloth. The values stated in inch-pound units shall be
considered standard with regard to the sieve frames, pans,” and covers.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
Resumen
Método de Ensayo Normalizado para la
Determinación Granulométrica de Agregados Finos
y Gruesos
El presente método de prueba cubre la determinación de la distribución del
tamaño de partículas de agregados finos y gruesos mediante cribado.

Algunas especificaciones para los agregados que hacen referencia a este método
contienen requerimientos de clasificación que incluyen tanto fracciones de
agregados gruesos como de agregados finos. Se incluyen las instrucciones para la
determinación granulométrica de dichos agregados.
ASTM C-40
Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregates for
Concrete
Scope

1.1 This test method covers two procedures for an approximate determination of
the presence of injurious organic impurities in fine aggregates that are to be used
in hydraulic cement mortar or concrete. One procedure uses a standard color
solution and the other uses a glass color standard.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard.
1.3
This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1
ASTM Standards:
2C33
Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C87Test Method for Effect of Organic Impurities in Fine
Aggregate on Strength of Mortar
C125Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
gregates
C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing
Size
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
D1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to
Terminology
C125
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is used in making a preliminary
determination of the acceptability of fine aggregates with
respect to the requirements of Specification
C33
that relate to
organic impurities.
4.2 The principal value of this test method is to furnish a
warning that injurious amounts of organic impurities may be
present. When a sample subjected to this test produces a color
darker than the standard color it is advisable to perform the test
for the effect of organic impurities on the strength of mortar in
accordance with Test Method
C87
5. Apparatus
5.1
Bottles—
Colorless glass or plastic graduated bottles,
approximately 240 to 470-mL [8 to 16-oz] nominal capacity,
equipped with watertight stoppers or caps, not soluble in the
specified reagents. In no case shall the maximum outside
thickness of the bottles, measured along the line of sight used
for the color comparison, be greater than 63.5 mm [2.5 in.] or
less than 38.1 mm [1.5 in.]. Replace bottles when no longer
colorless due to use.
5.2 Standard Color Solution Level—
75 mL [2.5 oz (U.S.fluid)],
5.3
Fine Aggregate Level—
130 mL [4.5 oz (U.S. fluid)], and
5.4NaOH Solution Level—
200 mL [7 oz (U.S. fluid)].
5.5Glass Color Standard
5.5.1 Glass standard colors shall be used as described in
Table 1 of Test Method
D1544
.
NOTE
1—A suitable instrument consists of five glass color standards
mounted in a plastic holder. Only the glass identified as Gardner Color
Standard No. 11 is to be used as the Glass Color Standard in
10.2
.6. Reagent and Standard Color Solution
6.1
Reagent Sodium Hydroxide Solution (3 %)—
Dissolve 3
parts by mass of reagent grade sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in 97
parts of water.
1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
C09on
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee
C09.20on Normal Weight Aggregates.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published January 2017. Originally
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C40/C40M–11. DOI:
10.1520/C0040_C0040M-16.
2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For
Annual Book of ASTM
Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally
recognized principles on standardization established in the Decisi
on on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by
the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Commi
ttee.
6.2
Standard Color Solution—
Dissolve reagent grade potas-
sium dichromate (K
2
Cr
2
O
7
in concentrated sulfuric acid (sp gr1.84) at the rate of 0.250 g/100 mL of acid. The
solution must be freshly made for the color comparison using gentle heat if
necessary to effect solution.
7. Sampling
7.1 The sample shall be selected in general accordance with
Practice
D75
8. Test Sample
8.1 The test sample shall have a mass of about approximately 450 g [1 lb] and be
taken from the larger sample in
accordance with Practice
C702
.9. Procedure
9.1 Fill a glass bottle to the approximately 130-mL [4.5-
fluid oz] level with the sample of the fine aggregate (see
Terminology
C125to be tested.
9.2 Add the sodium hydroxide solution until the volume of
the fine aggregate and liquid, indicated after shaking, is
approximately 200 mL [7 fluid oz].
9.3 Stopper the bottle, shake vigorously, and then allow to
stand for 24 h.
10. Determination of Color Value
10.1
Standard Color Solution Procedure—
At the end of the
24-h standing period, fill a glass bottle to the approximately
75-mL [2.5-fluid oz] level with the fresh standard color
solution, prepared not longer tha
n 2 h previously, as prescribed
in
6.2Hold the bottle with the test sample and the bottle with
the standard color solution side-by-side, and compare the color
of light transmitted through the supernatant liquid above the
sample with the color of light transmitted through the standard
color solution. Record whether the color of the supernatant
liquid is lighter, darker, or equal to the color of the standard
color solution.
10.2Glass Color Standard Procedure—
To define moreprecisely the color of the supernatant liquid of the test sample,
five glass standard colors shall be used using the following
colors:
Gardner Color
Standard No.
Organic Plate No.
51
82
11
3 (standard)
14
4
16
5
The comparison procedure described in
10.1
shall be used, except that the
organic plate number which is nearest the color of the supernatant liquid
above the test specimen shall be reported. When using this procedure, it is
not necessary to prepare the standard color solution.
11. Interpretation
11.1 When a sample subjected to this procedure produces a
color darker than the standard color, or Organic Plate No. 3
(Gardner Color Standard No. 11), the fine aggregate under test
shall be considered to possibly contain injurious organic
impurities. It is advisable to perform further tests before
approving the fine aggregate for use in concrete.
12. Precision and Bias
12.1 Since this test produces no numerical values, determination of the precision
and bias is not possible.
13. Keywords
13.1 colorimetric test; fine aggregate; organic impurities
Resumen
Método de Ensayo Normalizado para la Detección
de Impurezas Orgánicas en Agregados Finos para
Concreto
La presente práctica cubre dos procedimientos para una determinación
aproximada de la presencia de impurezas orgánicas perjudiciales en agregados
finos que serán utilizados en cemento hidráulico o concreto. Un procedimiento
utiliza una solución de color de referencia, y otro utiliza un estándar de color del
vidrio.
ASTM C-535
Standard Test Method for Resistance to
Degradation of Large-Size Coarse Aggregate by
Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles
Machine
Significance and Use

5.1 The test has been widely used as an indicator of the relative quality or competence of
various sources of aggregate having similar mineral compositions. The results do not
automatically permit valid comparisons to be made between sources distinctly different in
origin, composition, or structure. Assign specification limits with extreme care in consideration
of available aggregate types and their performance history in specific end uses.

1. Scope

1.1 This test method covers testing sizes of coarse aggregate larger than 19 mm (3/4 in.) for
resistance to degradation using the Los Angeles testing machine (Note 1).

NOTE 1: A procedure for testing coarse aggregate smaller than 37.5 mm (11/2 in.) is covered in
Test Method C131/C131M.

1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values
given in parentheses are for information only.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with
its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Resumen
Método de ensayo. Determinación de la resistencia al
desgaste, del agregado grueso de tamaño mayor de 19
mm (¾ pulg), por abrasión e impacto en la Máquina de
Los Ángeles.

Este método de ensayo cubre el procedimiento para el ensayo de desgaste de los

agregados gruesos de tamaños mayores de 19 mm (¾ pulg), usando la Máquina
de Los Ángeles. Los valores dados en unidades SI se considerarán como el
estándar. Los valores dados en unidades libra-pulgada entre paréntesis, son
solamente para información adicional.

Esta norma no pretende señalar todos los problemas de seguridad, si los hubiere,
asociados con su uso. Es responsabilidad del usuario de esta norma el establecer
las prácticas apropiadas de seguridad y salubridad y determinar la aplicabilidad de
limitaciones regulatorias, antes de su uso.
 Conclusión

Se obtuvo diferentes conceptos sobres las normas y notamos que en cada norma
hay un uso diferente para la construcción, donde lo hace un punto esencial en el
momento de las obras.
Aprendimos que cada norma debe ser leída adecuada mente. Ya que con los
métodos de ensayo como la máquina de los ángeles nos expresa como las
resistencias y el degaste.