CRITICAL JOURNAL REVIEW

GENERAL BIOLOGY

Dra. Martina Asiati Napitupulu, M.Sc

Environmental Biology Course

Submitted By :

Name : Ivana Odelia Nainggolan

NIM : 4182141021

Study Program : Bilingual Biology Education 2018

JURUSAN BIOLOGI

FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN

2018

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1. Main Topic:

Benefits of Using Organic Fertilizers for Soil Fertility

 2. Problem of Research

Mismanagement on the land agriculture is pollution by fertilizer chemical and chemical

pesticides result use of these materials excessive and impact on decrease in environmental
quality and human health due to contamination these synthetic ingredients.

3. Background of Research

Related to the problem agricultural development, Indonesia has seek changes in system
orientation agriculture, that is from the agricultural system traditional towards farming
systems modern. The problem is related with the role of fertilizer in activities farming
becomes very important. There is scarcity of fertilizer and price increases fertilizer will
burden farmers as expenses for production facilities.

4. Facts by Experts

When the green revolution in Indonesia is give significant results to fulfillment of food needs.
But with the development of the times, lately many problems have been found due to
management errors in agricultural land namely pollution by chemical fertilizers and chemical
pesticides due to excessive use of these materials and have an impact on the degradation of
environmental quality and human health due to contamination of these synthetic ingredients.

Indonesia is known as an agricultural country, because around 70% of its population lives in
rural areas. Conditions like this lead to a role in the agricultural sector being the mainstay of
the livelihoods of the Indonesian population. In connection with the problems of agricultural
development, Indonesia has sought to change the orientation of the agricultural system, from
traditional farming systems to modern agricultural systems.

5. Purpose of Research

This paper discusses the importance the benefits of organic fertilizer for soil fertility.

6. Data from Previous Research

Organic farming has long been known by humans that is since science planting is applied by
grandmother our ancestors. At that time everything done traditionally and use natural
ingredients. In line with the development of science agriculture and human population then
food needs also increase.

When the green revolution in Indonesia is give significant results to fulfillment of food needs.
Use of synthetic fertilizers, planting high yielding high varieties (high yield variety), use of
pesticides, intensification of land experienced enhancement. But with development of the
times, lately many problems were found due to mismanagement on the land agriculture is
pollution by fertilizer chemical and chemical pesticides result use of these materials excessive
and impact on decrease in environmental quality and human health due to contamination
these synthetic ingredients.
 CHAPTER II

RESEARCH METHOD

1. Procedure

The effort taken to improve soil fertility is by fertilizing using organic fertilizer. Nutrient
content in manure is not too high, but this type of fertilizer has another that can improve soil
physical properties such as soil permeability, soil porosity, soil structure, water holding
capacity and soil cations.

The use of organic matter into the soil must pay attention to the comparison of the levels of
element C to nutrients (N, P, K, etc.), because if the comparison is very large it can cause
immobilization. Immobilization is the process of reducing the amount of nutrients (N, P, K,
etc.) in the soil by microbial activity so that the levels of nutrients that can be used by plants
are reduced.

2. Research Instrument

Instruments used in this experiment are manure, green manure and compost.

3. Data Source

The source of the data is from from Jl. Kimangunsarkoro, Beji, Hamlet of Krajan, Sobontoro,
Boyolangu, Tulungagung Regency, East Java in the faculty of Agriculture, University of
Tulungagung.
 CHAPTER III

Result and Discussion

1. Description of Research Data

Reducing all forms of pollution resulting from various agricultural activities. Produce food
that is quite safe, nutritious, so that it can improve public health as well as the
competitiveness of agribusiness production. Creating a healthy and safe environment for
farmers. Increase and maintain the productivity of agricultural land in the long term and
conserve natural resources (SDA) and the environment.

2. Hypothesis

Soil fertility is the ability or quality of a soil that provides plant nutrients in an amount
sufficient for the needs of plants, in the form of compounds that can be utilized by plants, and
in a balance that is appropriate for the growth of certain plants when temperature and other
growth factors support growth normal plants.

3. Discussion and Finding

Soil fertility includes 3 aspects:

 Quantity includes the amount or concentration and type of nutrients what plants need.
 Quality is comparison concentration between nutrient one with others.
 Time is the availability of elements - these nutrients exist continuously continuously
according to needs plant during its growth that is, from up to germination harvest.

Equivalent use of fertilizer will increase crop production. Increased production also increases
the amount of crop residues (leaves, stems, roots) left behind or those that can be returned to
the soil.

Nutrient balance about returning 80% of crop residues can enrich nutrient reserves, thus
reducing nutrient requirements that must be added. This treatment if carried out continuously
will reduce nutrient requirements so that sufficient nutrient conditions will be achieved for
the growth and production of high plants without input from outside fertilizers. Returns the
remnants of this plant will improve soil chemical and physical properties, increase the ability
to store water, improve the ease of processing and soil fertility.
 CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION

Based on the presentation of the paper, it can be concluded that organic fertilizer is very
environmentally friendly and can make the soil fertile. Organic fertilizer is also a better
fertilizer compared to other fertilizers because it will reduce soil pollution and can increase
soil productivity.

Organic fertilizer consists of several types, namely: compost, manure, green manure, etc.

The use of organic fertilizer also has a weakness, one of which is that it will cause nutrient
deficiencies if the organic material provided is not mature enough.