s

Psychological Emotivism
Philosopical Emotivism We use the word ‘good’ to
express what we feel to be
Moral claims are mere
positive to people.
Emotivism expression of one’s U. Prescriptivism
emotion. Skepticism Moral claims are
Anti-Realism recommendations of what actions
There is no moral properties can be done that everyone is
There is no such thing as moral or fact, moral talk is an capable to follow.
properties, moral claims are attempt to describe the
meaningless, it doesn’t exist. fabric of the world.

Intuitionism
Moral properties are indefinable; they are primitive
ideas we know solely through our intuitions. There
are no use of defining intuitions we have clear U. Prescriptivism
intuitions of. Moral claims are not descriptions about the world;
they are prescription of action that we desire to be
applied universally.
Non-Naturalism
Emotivism
One can never define
moral properties using Expressions of emotions have no truth-
non-moral properties. values at all.

Non-Cognitivism
Relativism Cognitivism
Moral claims cannon be
Differences in moral judgement cannot be
resolved for what is ‘good’ is relative to judge as true or false.
the norms of each society, therefore
judgements are equally valid.

Subjectivism
A particular action is good
or right just because ‘I’
Moral Judgment
like that particular action. Description of a state of affairs
in light of certain facts (brute or
Objectivism institutional).

There is no objective way Descriptivism

of reducing moral
properties to non-moral Expresses a claim about the
ones. language that is typically used when
people give moral judgements.
Non Moral Descriptivism
Utilitarianism
Error Theory We cannot have a moral
The goodness of as action as the
property of that action that conclusion from solely factual
Moral judgments are claims if we were to follow the
promotes happiness for the
greatest number of people. always false.
rules of standard logic.
Supernaturalism Cognitivism
Idea that the moral property
being good is definable as Claims that we can judge
‘following the will of God’. moral claims as true or
false.
Naturalism Moral Descriptivism
We can never really have a
Claims that moral properties
are indeed definable in terms reason for a moral claim without
of non-moral properties assuming other moral claims.

Realism Moral Epistemology

If there are moral facts, then A systematic and critical study
there exist such a thing as the of morality as a body of
quality of being good or bad.
knowledge.

Moral Ontology Moral Reasoning

Claims that moral properties are One cannot derive and ought
indeed definable in terms of non-
moral properties. METAETHICS statement from an is
statement