CONSOLACION, Emmanuel B

BSCE

CHEMECALLY PRESTRESSSED CONCRETE

During the past 10 years, research with expansive cements and expansive
cement concrete has been conductive at the University of California at
Berkeley reported on the development of a new compound, an anhydrous
calcium sulfoaluminate, which can be used in combination with Portland
cement in concrete to cause an expansion of the concrete to during its early
stage of hydration. The expansive cement concretes are classified into two
general categories-shrinkage compensation and self-stressing.

 Shrinkage compensation is accomplished by restraining the expansion of

the concrete by means of reinforcing steel, thus developing during the
curing period aa slight compression in the concrete and a tension in the
steel. On drying, this concrete will shrink similarly to ordinary Portland
cement concrete and it is initially compressive stress will be reduce. It is
desirable to have sufficient initial compression in the concrete to prevent
the development of tensile stresses during the drying period thus
increasing its crack resistance.
 Self-stressing or chemical prestressing can be accomplished if the
expansive cement has the potential of producing large expansions and if
the concrete is properly restrained by steel reinforcement so as to
produce high compressive stresses in the concrete and high tensile
stresses in the steel. On drying, as in ordinary restresses concrete, there will
be some loss of prestress due to the residual compressive stress will be
significant from a structural point of view

WORKABILITY.

A practical problem of structural application is proper workability of the

concrete for purpose of placing and compacting. The chemically
prestressed structural elements tested to date had water-cement ratio
between 0.28 to 0.45. such low water cement ratios were used to obtain
high strength, particularly at early ages, and high expansion and prestress.
A low water-cement ratio causes decreased workability, which might be
overcome by use of additives. The possible long-term influence of such
additive needs investigation.

DURABILITY.

Deterioration of concrete subjected to aggressive environments usually

starts at the exposed surface. Unfortunately, in a chemically prestessed
element the exposed surface is not usually restrained in its normal
direction, consequently the material properties off the surface will be
inferior those of the interior concrete.
BASIC CONSIDERATION.

In the design of chemically prestressed elements, it is necessary to keep in

mind the following two, apparently conflicting, fundamental principles of
this type of prestressing

1. Sufficient expansion is required to achieve the desired level of

structural prestress,
2. This expansion should be kept below a certain limit, since the larger
the expansion the lower the quality of the concrete.

A practical solution requires the determination of the optimum expantion

satisfying these two requirements.

CONCLUSION.

Basic considerations of structural chemical prestressing are outlined, along

with applications for which chemical prestressing is more advantageous
than conventional prestressing.

REFERENCES.
Ji_68_october_3.pdf
1.2_advantages_types of Prestressing.pdf