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SECOND INTERNATIONAL
Structural Integrity Conference & Exhibition
(SICE - 2018)
SECOND INTERNATIONAL
Structural Integrity Conference & Exhibition
(SICE - 2018)
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SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
1 AnOverallAspectsofElectrolessNiPbasedmicroandnanoCompositecoatingsAReview
SouvikBrahmaHotaandRajsekharChakrabarti
TechnoIndiaUniversity,WestBengal
2 AnalysisofIrregularStructuresUnderEarthquakeLoads
E.SivaNaveen,NimmyMariamAbrahamandSDAnithaKumari
MSRamaiahUniveristyofAppliedSciences,Bangalore
3 Corrosionandtribocorrosionofultrafinegrainedactivepassivemetalsinsimulatedbodyfluids
G.P.Chaudhari,M.DivyaandKumarSubham
IndianInstituteofTechnologyRoorkee
4 Effectofchemomechanicalcouplingoncrackpropagationinanelasticbodyusingphasefield
method
Hirshikesh,RatnaKumarAnnabattulaandSundararajanNatarajan,
IndianInstituteofTechnologyMadras
5 EffectofconstraintandhardeningoncracktipfieldsinFCCsinglecrystal
NipalDekaandKrishnaN.Jonnalagadda
IndianInstituteofTechnologyBombay
6 EffectofCrackLengthandSpecimenThicknessonConstraintinCentreCrackedPlate:A
NumericalAnalysis
NagarajEkabote,AbdulKhaderKatigar,SanjeevKavaleandKrishnarajaGKodancha
KLETechnologicalUniversity,Hubballi,Karnataka
7 Effectoffibreoffaxisorientationonmechanicalandacousticemissionbehaviourof2.5D
C/SiCcomposite
ManishPatel,JalajKumar,PhaniS.Kiran,T.Jayakumar,SweetyKumari,SarabjitSingh,A.
Udayakuma,V.V.BhanuPrasad,D.V.V.SatyanarayanaandVikasKumar
DefenceMetallurgicalResearchLaboratory,Hyderabad
8 EffectofmicroalloyingonmechanicalpropertiesofAlZnMgCualloy:Areview
RahulSamantaandAmitavaGhatak
TechnoIndiaUniversity,WestBengal
9 EffectofprimaryphasefractionontensilebehaviorofIMI834alloy
AmitSingh,I.Balasundar,J.P.GautamandT.Raghu
DepartmentofmaterialsEngg.SchoolofEngineeringScienceandTechnology,Universityof
Hyderabad,Hyderabad
10 EffectofShapeofExplosiveChargeinFailureofRolledHomogenousArmouredPlate
PankajK.Choudha,A.Kumaraswamy,GGDuttaandKusumkantD.Dhote
ArmamentResearchandDevelopmentEstablishment,ARDE,Pune
11 Effectofstraingradientsincrackpropagation
BVSSBharadwajaandA.Alankar
IndianInstituteofTechnologyBombay
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
12 EffectofStraininducedmartensitereversalonthedegreeofsensitizationofMetastable
AusteniticStainlessSteel
SourabhShuklaandAwanikumarP.Patil
VisvesvarayaNationalInstituteofTechnology,Nagpur
13 EffectofthicknessonbehaviourofEglass/epoxycompositelaminatesunderlowvelocity
impact
TSreekanthaReddy,KMogulanna,KGopinadhaReddy,PRamaSubbaReddyandVemuri
Madhu
DefenceMetallurgicalResearchLaboratory,Hyderabad
14 ExperimentalDeterminationofApparentFractureToughness(KINu)forAluminumSheets
MahendraGattuandBishnupriyaDehuri,
NationalInstituteofTechnology,Rourkela
15 FailureAnalysisOfAntiJammingLeverCap
SaiMadhavandSatyapalSingh
DefenceMetallurgicalResearchLaboratory,Hyderabad
16 FatigueAnalysisofWingFuselageLugsectionofaTransportAircraft
K.Shridhar,B.S.SureshandM.MohanKumar.
BMScollegeofengineering,Bengaluru
17 FiniteElementAnalysisofPeriodicMetallicFoams
AnkushBorkar,SagarDeshmukh,SripriyaRamamoorthy,AlankarAlankarandShankar
Krishnan
IndianInstituteofTechnologyBombay
18 Influenceofcrackclosingandlocalneartipstressesoncrackgrowthlifeestimation
A.NSavkin,R.Sunder,D.S.Denisevich,A.A.SedovandK.A.Badikov
VolgogradStateTechnicalUniversity,Russia
19 InsituStudyoftheEffectofHydrogenonFatigueCrackInitiationandPropagationin
PolycrystallineNickel
AmanArora,J.SaiNitin,RakeshKumarandDhirajK.Mahajan
IndianInstituteofTechnologyRopar
20 MechanicalPropertiesofAmorphousRibbonsProcessedbyMeltSpinning
VLNiranjani,DArvindhaBabu,BhaskarMajumdarandTKNandy
DefenceMetallurgicalResearchlaboratory,Hyderabad
21 MechanicalpropertiesoffinegrainedequiatomicCrCoFeNiMnhighentropyalloy
Abhijit,P.SaiKarthikandK.V.Rajulapati
UniversityofHyderabad,Hyderabad
22 MetallurgicalEvaluationofServiceExposedThrustVectorControl(TVC)FlapsofAeroengines
SweetyKumari,RajdeepSarkar,NChittiBabu,BVNSiva,DVVSatyanarayanaandVikas
Kumar
DefenceMetallurgicalResearchLaboratory,Hyderabad
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
23 Metallurgicalfailureanalysisofcomponentsusedindefencesystems
MrityunjoyHazraandSatyapalSingh
DefenceMetallurgicalResearchLaboratory,Hyderabad
24 Microstructureandmechanicalpropertiescorrelationofweldjointsofahighstrengthnaval
gradesteel
PDGosavi,KKSarkar,SKKhunte,VRPawarandBBasu
NavalMaterialsResearchLaboratory,Ambernath
25 MicrostructureandMechanicalPropertiesofHotIsostaticallyProcessedHighStrengthNickel
BaseSuperalloy
B.Sreenu,CM.Omprakash,RajdeepSarkar,SubhradeepChatterjeeandG.AppaRao
DefenceMetallurgicalResearchLaboratory,Hyderabad
26 ModellingandSimulationofFatigueFailureinBoltedJointunderDifferentLoadingCondition
VishalAchwalandManojChouksey
MewarUniversity,Chittorgarh
27 MultifrequencyACPDtechniqueforcreepdamagemeasurementsinDSCM247alloy
C.M.Omprakash,A.Kumara,VajenderSingha,M.KamarajbandD.V.V.Satyanarayanaa
DefenceMetallurgicalResearchLaboratory,Hyderabad
28 OnthestructuralandmicrostructuralaspectsofequiatomicAlCrCoFeMoNihighentropyalloy
SamanwithaKolli,K.BhanuSankaraRaoandKoteswararaoV.Rajulapati
SchoolofEngineeringSciencesandTechnology,UniversityofHyderabad
29 PerformanceEnhancementofColumnsbyExternalFRPStrengtheningTechnique–AReview
DarshanPatel,PurveshPatel,TejashPatel,MitaliPatel,TejendraTankandSandip
Vasanwala
MerchantInstituteofTechnology,Mehsana
30 QuantifyingtheResidualStrengthofTiAlloy834at600°CwithNonlinearUltrasonicNDT
Technique
B.NagarajaKowmudi,KartikPrasad,K.GopinathandVikasKumar
DefenceMetallurgicalResearchLaboratory,Hyderabad
31 StrainratesensitivityandRTcreepbehavioroffrictionstirweldedandelectronbeamwelded
INRAFMsteels
J.Varghese,V.L.Manugula,K.V.Rajulapati,G.M.ReddyandK.BhanuSankaraRao
UniversityofHyderabad,Hyderabad
32 StudyofMaterialAnisotropyonElasticandElastoPlasticBehaviorofflatSpecimens
RameshKumar,RituJ.Singh,J.Mishra,V.BalasubramaniyanandH.S.Kushwaha
AtomicEnergyRegulatoryboard,Mumbai
33 SynthesisandcharacterizationofequiatomicAlCrFeMoNbNihighentropyalloyforstructural
applications
VMadhuBabu,K.BhanuSankaraRaoandKoteswararaoV.Rajulapti
SchoolofEngineeringSciencesandTechnology,UniversityofHyderabad
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
34 SynthesisandoptimizationofSteeringmechanismofextralongsemitrailervehicletoimprove
itsstructuralintegrity.
VikrantGarud,AbhijitKulkarni,RushikeshNanawareandPravinKarunanithi
PimpriChinchwadCollegeofEngineering,Pune
35 UltrasonicTestinganAlternativeforRadiographyforEvaluationofPFBRBlanketPinEndPlug
WeldIntegrity
AltafAli,AnishKumar,B.KamaleshKumar,YRCMurthy,B.Ravinder,KomalKapoorandC.
PhaniBabu
NuclearFuelComplex,Hyderabad
36 UseofCompressionGeometrytoStudyEffectsofStoichiometryandTemperatureonFracture
ToughnessofNiAl
DeviLal,PraveenKumarandVikramJayaram
IndianinstituteofScience,Bangalore
37 WeightOptimizationofHousingBracketforElectricalStarterMotorusingFEA
VaratharajNeelakandan,ThulasirajanGanesanandPraveenChakrapaniRao
ComstarAutomotiveTechnologiesPvt.Ltd
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
AN OVERALL ASPECTS OF ELECTROLESS Ni-P irregularities has maximum impact on the response. The results of this
study aids in better design of irregular structures without compromising
BASED MICRO AND NANO COMPOSITE their performance.
COATINGS-A REVIEW
1
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
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SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
In the present work, the tensile behavior of IMI 834 alloy with varying
fraction of primary (p) in the matrix of transformed was studied at
room temperature. Variation in p phase fraction was obtained by
changing solution-treatment temperature of the alloy in (+) heat-treated
region from 1288K to 1333K. The solution treated samples were aged at
EFFECT OF STRAIN GRADIENTS IN CRACK
973K for 2hrs. Final microstructures consisted of various p fractions
(0.1 to 22 %), incoherent silicide precipitate (Ti,Zr)5Si3 and coherent PROPAGATION
Ti3Al precipitates. These resulted in two kinds of microstructure which
were bimodal and acicular. The p phase fraction for bimodal B V S S Bharadwaja, A. Alankar
microstructure was ranging from 5 to 22 % and that for acicular Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai - 400076
microstructure 0.1 to 3 %. Tensile test results show that, tensile strength bvss89@gmail.com
increased with increase in p up to ~ 15 % and then it is decreased from
~15 % to 22 % of p. The strain hardening was not observed for any In the present work a finite strain non-local crystal plasticity model is
samples. The higher tensile strength for samples with p fraction up to 15 implemented via UMAT in ABAQUSTM. The main aim of this work is to
% and lower tensile strength for sample with p fraction ~15% - 20 % are study the effect of strain gradients during crack propagation in metals.
attributed to solid solution strengthening and solute partitioning effect, Ashby [1970] with his experiments proved that the gradient of strains
respectively. plays a major role in the behavior of crystals when subjected to
inhomogeneous deformations. Many strain gradient models have been
Keywords: Primary phase, IMI 834 Ti alloy, Strain hardening, Tensile proposed in past by Fleck and Hutchinson [2001], Nix and Gao [1998],
strength Acharya and Bassani [2000] etc. which are different from each other and
proved to be very successful in implementing the gradient effects through
material length parameters. In fact these parameters act as a bridge
between micro scale dislocations and meso scale plastic strains.
In the present work we implemented the Nix and Gao model to study the
effect of strain gradients on crack propagation. Basically we considered
FCC polycrystals in our study. How the strain gradient effects will
enhance the stresses in the near field of crack tip are shown. Shear on
3
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
each slip system is tracked using a power law. Statistical and laminate is doubled. Interaction time/contact duration also decreased due
geometrically necessary dislocations are tracked separately as state to increased resistance with thickness. Visual inspection of impacted
variables. Shear resistance on dislocations follows Taylor’s model. GND laminates indicates two types of damage regions namely fibre breakage
evolution near crack tip is also studied. area and delamination area. However, the extent of damage regions and
their ratio are found to be thickness dependent. Dominant failure mode
gradually changes from fibre breakage to delamination as the thickness is
increased.
EFFECT OF STRAIN INDUCED MARTENSITE
Keywords: Composite laminates, Low velocity impact, Peak force,
REVERSAL ON THE DEGREE OF Displacement, Damage area
SENSITIZATION OF METASTABLE AUSTENITIC
STAINLESS STEEL
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SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
In this work, the finite element analysis of open cell foams is conducted
The nut had a crack of 10 mm length starting from the top edge covering using BCC, FCC and A15 periodic unit cell (PUC) geometries in
80% length of the large dia part of the nut; the crack has nearly 0.5 mm ABAQUSTM/Standard. The open foam periodic unit cells are created by
opening at the top. The crack in the nut was opened and observed under subtracting the spherical pore space from a unit cube of the metal as
optical microscope and SEM. At low magnification the banded structure shown in Fig 1 (Krishnan et al., 2006). Periodic boundary conditions are
is evident. Large second phase particles are abundantly present which applied on opposite faces to account periodicity of unit cells while the
are aligned in one direction. Intact portion of crack was forced opened displacement boundary conditions are applied for constraints and uniaxial
and had also revealed banded structure. The dimple walls are almost loading. Elastic properties for all three PUC’s are estimated and
horizontal in this case. The picture also shows presence large aligned compared with the existing empirical relationships (Gibson L.J & Ashby
particles along with chain of small particles with them. M. F., 1998). These configurations are also compared by varying their
respective radius of the spherical pores and hence the porosities. It was
EDS analysis of the large aligned particles revealed that these particles found that BCC unit cell possess the highest strength to weight ratio in
are Al-Cu precipitates precipitates in aluminium alloy matrix. EPMA comparison with the FCC and A15 unit cells. It is also observed that for
analysis further confirmed the same. the BCC configuration which is similar to Kelvin cell geometry
theoretical relations under-estimates the values of elastic modulus
The optical micrographs of the nut material have shown elongated grains whereas converse behaviour has been observed for FCC and A15
along the working direction with second phase particles of 10-20 μ configurations. Use of these periodic structures can reduce the
interspersed. The second phase particles are also aligned along the uncertainties in the elastic properties of the foam material as well as it can
working direction. Nearly continuous chain of fine particles is seen along provide the ease of controlling elastic modulus by simply varying the
with the coarse second phase particles. position and the ratio of radius of the spherical pore.
It was concluded that the likely cause of failure is coarse and highly
banded microstructure of the alloy used.
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SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
was determined for each half cycle by Neuber and Ramberg-Osgood MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FINE GRAINED
equations, and threshold SIF was estimated from the analytical formula of
EQUIATOMIC CRCOFENIMN HIGH-ENTROPY
V
th=f( ). Thus, known loading history made it possible to determine
ALLOY
Keff, Kmax, and Kth on each cycle for fatigue life estimation.
Mathematical modeling of fatigue crack growth life, especially in near- Abhijit1, P. Sai Karthik2, K. V. Rajulapati1,*
1
threshold region of its growth, according to the Sunder’s scheme, showed School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of
that investigated aluminum alloy 2024-T3 exhibited crack growth Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046 India.
2
sensitivity to various types of force action, including various types of International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and
random loading. New Materials,Hyderabad 500005 India
*Corresponding author: kvrse@uohyd.ernet.in; Tel.:+91-40-23134452;
FAX:+91-40-23011087
Alloys are valuable because they can be made stronger, harder, lighter or
IN-SITU STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF HYDROGEN
better than the pure elements. But these alloys also have so many
ON FATIGUE CRACK INITIATION AND limitations in their engineering applications when we need an uncommon
PROPAGATION IN POLYCRYSTALLINE NICKEL combination of mechanical properties. Then a new class of novel
materials known as High Entropy Alloys (HEAs) is introduced. In past
Aman Arora, J. Sai Nitin, Rakesh Kumar, Dhiraj K. Mahajan* years many alloys were prepared by vacuum arc melt casting. Often the
Ropar Mechanics of Materials Laboratory, Department of Mechanical problem associated with this method is unwanted segregation of alloying
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, elements. Mechanical alloying (MA) is a widely used solid state
India, 140001 processing route for synthesis of advanced materials, which can easily
*dhiraj.mahajan@iitrpr.ac.in lead to the formation of nanocrystalline phase formation and could
increase the scope of high entropy alloys. It is a solid-state powder
Correlating hydrogen embrittlement phenomenon with the metallic processing technique involving repeated welding, fracturing, and re-
microstructural features holds the key for developing metals resistant to welding of powder particles in a high-energy ball mill.In the present
hydrogen-based failures. In case of fatigue failure of hydrogen charged work, CrCoFeNiMnalloy was synthesized from the powders of individual
metals, in addition to thehydrogen-based failure mechanisms associated elements in equi atomic ratio through mechanical alloying. The milled
with monotonic loading such as HELP, HEDE etc, microstructural powder samples were collected at various milling durations. These
features such as grain size, type of grain boundary (special/random), samples were characterized using XRD, SEM-EDS and TEM for phase
fraction of special grain boundaries; their network and triple junctions identification, structural and compositional analysis. Sintering was
can play a complex role. The probable sites for fatigue crack initiation in performed on this milled powder using the spark plasma sintering (SPS)
such metals can be identified as the sites of highest hydrogen at 950oC and 1000oC. Mechanical properties were determined using
concentration or accumulated plastic strain. To this end, we have microindentation and nanoindentation. This poster will present the
developed an experimental framework based on in-situ fatigue crack structure-property correlations established in this system.
initiation and propagation studies under scanning electron microscope
(SEM) to identify the weakest link in the metallic microstructure leading
to failure. In-situ fatigue experiments are performed on carefully
designed polycrystalline nickel (99.99% pure) specimens (miniaturised, METALLURGICAL EVALUATION OF SERVICE
shallow-notched & electro-polished) using a 10 kN fatigue stage inside EXPOSED THRUST VECTOR CONTROL (TVC)
the SEM. Electron Back Scattering Diffraction (EBSD) map of the
notched region surface helps identify the distribution of special/random
FLAPS OF AEROENGINES
grain boundaries, triple junctions and grain orientation.The specimen
surface in the shallow notched region for both the hydrogen charged and Sweety Kumari, Rajdeep Sarkar, N Chitti Babu, B V N Siva, D V V
un-charged specimens are then carefully studied to correlate the Satyanarayana, Vikas Kumar
microstructural feature associated with fatigue crack initiation sites.Such Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad 500 058, India
correlation of the fatigue crack initiation site and microstructural feature E-mail : sweety@dmrl.ernet.in
is further corroborated with the knowledge of hydrogen trapping and
grain’s elasticanisotropicityto be either the site of high hydrogen The flaps, of Thrust Vector Control (TVC) jet nozzle are the moving
concentration, accumulated plastic slip or both. parts in the nozzle section of fighter aircraft engine, which play a vital
role in controlling the throat area of the nozzle. The TVC flaps are made
Keywords: In-Situ fatigue testing,SEM, EBSD,polycrystalline nickel, out of a cast nickel base superalloy produced by investment casting. In
hydrogen charging the present study, the evaluation of the metallurgical condition of TVC
flap alloy in virgin as well as service exposed for 500 h and 1000 h
condition has been carried out using both microstructural characterization
and determining the hardness of the flap alloy to assess their suitability
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AMORPHOUS for continued service. During service exposure, as damage accumulates
progressively, the morphological characteristics of microstructure change
RIBBONS PROCESSED BY MELT SPINNING which needs to be assessed using metallographic technique.
Microstructural characterization has been carried out systematically using
V L Niranjani, D Arvindha Babu, Bhaskar Majumdar, T K Nandy optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy in order to
Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad, 500058,India ascertain any changes in the microstructure of TVC flap alloy with the
Email: neruleela@gmail.com service exposure. In addition, quantification of microstructural features
such as grain size, inter-particle spacing, size, morphology and volume
In this study, structural and mechanical properties of amorphous fraction of Jc and carbides of the flap alloy using Image J analysis
[(Fe0.5Co0.5)0.75B0.2Si0.05]96Nb4 and Hf55Cu28Al12Ni5 melt spun ribbons are software has also been undertaken. The microstructure of the flap alloy in
presented. The ribbons were prepared by planar flow melt spinning all conditions essentially exhibits dendritic structure, a characteristic of
technique under the vaccum of 10-5 mbar. The tensile tests of the ribbons cast nickel base superalloys. The grains are coarse and essentially
were carried out using micro tensile test at different strain rates. Both the equiaxed. At higher magnification, primary, secondary and tertiary Jc as
alloys were found have significant strain rate dependence on fracture well as coarse MC type carbides distributed randomly throughout the J
strength. In both the melt spun ribbons it was observed that, with matrix have also been observed. In addition, the results on quantification
increasing strain rate the fracture strength decreased. In case of Fe of various microstructural features indicate that there is only marginal
amorphous ribbon fracture strength of 1950MPa was obtained, where as variation in size and morphology of various microstructural features with
in Hf amorphous ribbon 900MPa was observed. Detailed microscopic service exposure upto 1000 h. Further, the marginal variation in Vickers
studies of the fracture surface showed the formation of multiple shear hardness values of the TVC flap alloy observed in different conditions
bands.
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SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
reinforce the idea that there is no deterioration in metallurgical condition Temperature (DBTT), tensile properties and quantitative metallography.
of the flap alloy with service exposure. DBTT of weld joint is important from the aspect of structural integrity at
sub zero temperature. Impact toughness at -400C varied from 39 J for
SMAW process to 191 J for GTAW process. Yield strength of weld joints
varied from 534 MPa for SMAW process to 907 MPa for GTAW
METALLURGICAL FAILURE ANALYSIS OF process. Quantitative metallogrphy was carried out to determine volume
fraction of acicular ferrite (AF) in different welds. Heat input (HI) to
COMPONENTS USED IN DEFENCE SYSTEMS produce a weld joint varied with welding processes used. HI for SMAW
was 1.3kJ/mm while it was 2.2kJ/mm for SAW process. At HI of
Mrityunjoy Hazra* and Satyapal Singh 1.85kJ/mm (GTAW), a higher % fraction of AF (~77%) having Impact
Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory (DMRL), P.O. – toughness of 191 kJ/mm at -400C
Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad – 500 058, India
*
mhazra@dmrl.drdo.in, hazra.mrityunjoy@gmail.com Key words: HSLA Steel, Mechanical Properties, DBTT, Acicular Ferrite,
Heat input
Metallurgical failure analysis is a method by which root metallurgical
cause(s) of failure of a failed component is/are determined so as to avoid REFERENCES
repetition of the same type of event in future. This is possible by 1. S. S. Babu (2004): ‘The mechanism of acicular ferrite in weld deposits’
developing knowledgebase on faulty processing steps experienced by the Curr. Opin. Solid State & Mater. Sci., pp. 267-278.
subject material system of the component, making it non-suitable for use 2. D.M. Viano, N.U. Ahmed, G.O. Schumann : ‘Influence of heat input
in concerned service environment. The process is executed through a and travel speed on microstructure and mechanical properties of double
widely accepted key steps starting from visual examination and macro tandem submerged arc high strength low alloy steel weldments’; Journal
photography, followed by various defect characterization techniques such of science and technology of welding and joining, Vol.5, 2000, pp. 26-34.
as NDT, metallography, fractography etc. DMRL deals with numerous
failure investigation cases related to diverse fields like various crucial
parts of missile systems, components from thermal power plants etc. in
addition to aeroengine parts, armour and naval weapon components
coming from three Indian Defence Services.
MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF HOT ISOSTATICALLY
Two case studies, namely failures of ramp component systems of a PROCESSED HIGH STRENGTH NICKEL BASE
transport aircraft and power take off (PTO) shafts of a fighter aircraft SUPERALLOY
have been analyzed. Ramp failure happened due to torsional fatigue
initiated at fillet area of ramp shaft followed by torsional overloading. It
B. Sreenu a *, CM. Omprakash a, Rajdeep Sarkar a, Subhradeep Chatterjee
seems to have been occasionally supported by presence of over-tempered b
and G. Appa Rao a
microstructure at those localized areas. Each of the PTO shafts a
Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad
manufactured by two separate agencies failed by fatigue cracking, which
500058, India
is most likely to have been initiated at semi-circular type of (forging) b
Department of Materials Science & Metallurgical Engineering, IIT,
fabrication induced surface discontinuities existed on diaphragm discs.
Hyderabad 502285, India
Discontinuities with lower availability and smaller sizes in one shaft led
* E-Mail address: sreenudmrl@yahoo.co.in
to somewhat increased life (466 million cycles) as compared to the life
(104 million cycles) of the other shaft.
Nickel-base superalloy powder produced by inert gas atomization
technique was hot isostatically processed (HIPed) at a selected
Key words: Failure Analysis, ramp, transport aircraft, torsional fatigue,
temperature of 1190±2 °C under 120 MPa pressure for 3 h of sustaining
power take off (PTO) shaft, diaphragm disc
time. The as-HIPed alloy with full density of 8.0 g/cc was characterized
for microstructure. The as-HIPed alloy has shown fine equiaxed grains of
a varying size with an average grain diameter of 12 μm. The grain
boundaries showed the presence of carbides enriched with Cr and are
MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL confirmed to be the M23C6 and M3C2 type carbides. Prior particle
PROPERTIES CORRELATION OF WELD JOINTS boundaries (PPBs) are also seen in the HIPed material and these are MC
OF A HIGH STRENGTH NAVAL GRADE STEEL type carbides and closely associated with oxides of Ti and Hf. Tensile
properties of as-HIPed alloy were evaluated at room temperature (RT)
and 650 °C. The as-HIPed alloy exhibited yield strength (YS) and
P D Gosavi, K K Sarkar*, S K Khunte V R Pawar, and B Basu
ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 975 and 1325 MPa respectively with
Naval Materials Research Laboratory, Defence Research Development
corresponding ductility of 10%EL and 8% RA at RT. With increasing the
Organisation (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Additional Ambernath,
test temperature to 650 °C, the YS and UTS of the alloy although
Anandnagar P.O; Thane-421 506, INDIA
marginally dropped to 850 MPa and 1275 MPa respectively, there is an
*Corresponding Author Email: sarkar@nmrl.drdo.in
improvement in ductility of 25%EL and 28%RA. The stress rupture
properties of as-HIPed alloy were evaluated at constant temperature of
Low alloy steels of higher strength grades are conventionally used for
650°C and 750 °C under a varied stress levels from 300 to 500 MPa. The
pressure hull application. Strength required range from 560 MPa to 800
as-HIPed material has offered 1000 hours life under the test conditions of
MPa and plate thickness requirement is often higher (40 mm or more).
(i) 650 °C/750MPa and (ii) 750°C/300MPa with a creep strain of 1.5%
Welding of high strength steels with higher thicknesses is often a
and 2.2% respectively. The fractographs of the stress rupture tested
challenge. From the view point of structural integrity challenge is not
material have indicated that the failure occurred predominantly at grain
only in obtaining defect free weld joint but also of meeting strength and
boundary and particle boundary decohesion.
low temperature toughness requirement in both weld and HAZ. In hull
construction, different types of welding processes are used depending
Key words: Hot isostatic pressing, superalloy, prior particle boundaries.
upon the requirement, accessibility and criticality of the weld joints to be
produced. Conventionally, welding processes include Shielded Metal Arc
Welding (SMAW), Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), Submerged Arc
Welding (SAW) & Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). Number of
weld consumables indigenously developed for a higher strength steel
(YS~800 MPa), were used to develop the procedure, for producing weld
joints, meeting the critical structural property requirements.
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SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
2
MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF FATIGUE Ministry of Steel (Govt. of India) Chair, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of
Technology, Hyderabad 500075, India
FAILURE IN BOLTED JOINT UNDER DIFFERENT *
kvrse@uohyd.ernet.in
LOADING CONDITION
Advancement in the technology has always challenged the field of
Vishal Achwal*, ManojChouksey** material science for the development of the new and specialised
* Research Scholar, Mechanical Engineering Department, Mewar materials. High entropy alloys (HEAs) are one of such recent
University, Chittorgarh, Raj., India developments posing wider possibilities owing to their unique and
** Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Shri G.S. Institute of exceptional properties compared to that of conventional materials. Out of
Technology & Science, Indore, M.P, India. the vast possible compositions of the HEAs, the ones that would give
Email: vishalachwal60@gmail.com* exceptional high temperature properties (high melting point, high
temperature strength and stability) making them suitable for elevated
This paper includes the fatigue analysis of bolted joint plates. Three temperature applications, have to be developed. These alloys can
different cases of shear, bending and axial loading have been modelled therefore substitute the currently used Ni-based superalloys which exhibit
for fatigue analysis. A CAE environment is created for analysis of fatigue temperature limitations by undergoing thermal softening above
life by using Hyperworks software. Result shows that the fatigue life is 600oC.The present work involves synthesis of equiatomic
maximum in bending load case when compared with the cases of shear AlCrCoFeMoNi HEA through mechanical alloying using high-energy
and axial loading. The fatigue damage is localized in bending and axial ball milling followed by characterization of the powders employing X-ray
loading test and in the shear loading test it is throughout the bolt length. diffraction (XRD)andelectron microscopy (SEM, TEM) techniquesfor
Area of maximum bolt damage is just below the head of bolt which is in crystal structure or phase identification and microstructural analysis. The
contact with the plates. milled powders were consolidated using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) at
varying temperatures. The sintered pellets were further characterized
using XRD and SEM for identification of phases and microstructural
changes. Vickers hardness test and nanoindentation were carried out to
test the mechanicalbehaviour of the material.
MULTI FREQUENCY ACPD TECHNIQUE FOR Key words: high entropy alloys, mechanical alloying, microstructure,
CREEP DAMAGE MEASUREMENTS IN DS CM 247 single phase, melting point
ALLOY
8
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
QUANTIFYING THE RESIDUAL STRENGTH OF properties along with nano hardness and elastic modulus. The two phases
are observed to show different mechanical properties which could be
Ti-ALLOY 834 AT 600°C WITH NONLINEAR correlated to the bulk behavior of the material.
ULTRASONIC NDT TECHNIQUE
Keywords: IN-RAFM, FSW, EBW, Nanoindentation
B. Nagaraja Kowmudi, Kartik Prasad, K. Gopinath and Vikas Kumar
Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad 500 058, India
E-mail : bnagarajak@gmail.com
STUDY OF MATERIAL ANISOTROPY ON
The rotating aeroengine components which operate at elevated ELASTIC AND ELASTO PLASTIC BEHAVIOR
temperatures are prone to fatigue damage. This lead to reduction in the
life span of the components considerably. In-service assessment of the
OFFLAT SPECIMENS
damage state in these components are important for ensuring safe
operation, predicting the remaining life. Fatigue deformation is associated Ramesh Kumar, Ritu J. Singh,J. Mishra, V. Balasubramaniyan, H. S.
with synergistic effect of both microstructural changes and strain Kushwaha
accumulation. In order to quantify the evolution of fatigue damage, ‘E' Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai-94, India
parameter was measured on the Low Cycle Fatigued (LCF) samples by Email of corresponding author: kramesh@aerb.gov.in
using nonlinear ultrasonic technique (NLU).
During pilgering or extrusion processes, specific texture may develop in
In this investigation LCF tests were carried out under strain controlled the material due to limited number of slip systems available. Texture
mode at 600°C with total strain amplitude of 1.0 % under completely developed on the material is also controlled to obtain desirable
reverse loading conditions. One sample was tested till fracture while three mechanical properties. Texture results in development of mechanical
samples were interrupted at 10%, 50% and 80% of the fatigue life. The properties with certain directionality. In this work, the effect of
samples so obtained were analyzed using NLU and subsequently pulled orthotropic anisotropy is investigated on the stress field. In an orthotropic
in tension up to failure at 600°C. NLU measurements have been carried material, anisotropy is in three directions i.e. rolling (RD), transverse
for these samples also. The results show the linear relationship of the beta (TD) and normal (ND) direction. In design of a component, the stress
parameter with cumulative plastic strain under cyclic loading conditions analysis often assumes isotropic behviour of the metal considering that
and work hardening parameter under tensile deformation condition isotropic behviour gives conservative results. However, under certain
respectively. The residual strength (fatigue pre-deformed yield strength) conditions more realistic material model is needed e.g. in failure analysis.
of the alloy was observed to be decrease with respect to increase in Therefore, in this work the effect of isotropic and orthotropic material
accumulated plastic strain and ‘E' parameter. model on elastic and elasto plastic deformation of flat specimens will be
Keywords :Nonlinear Ultrasonic; ‘’ parameter; Cumulative plastic stain; explored. The effect will be investigated on uniaxial rounded or notched
Work hardening; Ti-alloy 834. specimen made of Zr 2.5% Nb. Simulation of Nakazima test is carried
out to benchmark the results obtained in orthotropic material model.
9
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Vikrant Garud1; Abhijit Kulkarni2; Rushikesh Nanaware3; Pravin Devi Lal, Praveen Kumar and VikramJayaram
Karunanithi4 Department of Materials Engineering,Indian institute of Science,
123
Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering Pune India Bengaluru 560012
4
VRDE, Ahmednagar India E-mail: dl.material13@gmail.com
Email of corresponding author: vicky_garud100@yahoo.co.in
Development of hard materials is generally driven by increasing the
The paper discusses about synthesis and optimization of structural hardness to the modulus ratio. However, in practice, these materials often
integrity of steering mechanism system of Semi-Trailer or Articulated fail by crack propagation and hence it is imperative to study their fracture
vehicle with medium off-road capability and good maneuverability. The behaviour to accurately assess the lifetime of the components comprising
practical difficulty lies with current steering system is pin joint of tie rod these materials. Since compression fracture geometry shows stable crack
mechanism sheared off at higher articulation angles and the magnitude of growth, it is useful for studying crack propagation and associated
errors in angle turned by wheels and ideal angles are up to 110. Research processes, such crack bridging, microstructural and compositional in
and development efforts with VRDE, Ahmednagar initiated to synthesize homogeneity induced variation of fracture toughness along crack path,
and optimize the steering mechanism to avoid shearing of tie rod pin etc.In addition, due to the ease of performing tests and fabricating
joints and to lower the magnitude of errors in angle turned by wheels less specimen, this geometry has recently gained significant attention for
than 70 using genetic algorithm with help of MATLAB and Validation studying fracture behaviour of hard coatings. We have further developed
(Simulation) of optimized structural integrity of steering mechanism some mechanistic details of the compression fracture geometry that
carried out with the help of ADAMS to have excellent. Results of makes it suitable for testing brittle and miniaturized samples. We have
optimization shows reduction in errors (Deformation) of tie rod link by prepared compression fracture samples from two composition of NiAl
96% which is sufficient to avoid tie rod link failure. Also magnitude of alloys, havingcompositionsNi-50Al, Ni-40Al. Herein, 20 mm diameter
errors in angle turned by wheels of optimized steering mechanism is 60 disks of NiAl of desired composition were arc melted and homogenized.
Fracture samples were prepared from the cast alloy using electro-
discharge machining, followed by femto-second pulse-laser machining
for creating a sharp notch. Room temperature fracture toughness of Ni
ULTRASONIC TESTING AN ALTERNATIVE FOR rich alloys are found to be higher than stoichiometric NiAl. It is believed
that improved fracture toughness in Ni-rich inter metallic are due to stress
RADIOGRAPHY FOR EVALUATION OF PFBR
induced E2 to L10 martensitic transformation or due to presence of ܰ݅ଷ Al
BLANKET PIN END PLUG WELD INTEGRITY at grain boundries. There inter metallic shows ductile to brittle transition
at around 500ºC. So, Fracture toughness will be compared from room
Altaf Ali, Anish Kumar 1, B. Kamalesh Kumar, YRC Murthy, B. temperature to 700 ºC to better understand their failure during service.
Ravinder , Komal Kapoor, C. Phani Babu
Nuclear Fuel Complex, Hyderabad-500062
1
Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, HBNI, Kalpakkam-603102
Email of corresponding author: altafali@nfc.gov.in WEIGHT OPTIMIZATION OF HOUSING
Radial blanket pins of Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) are made
BRACKET FOR ELECTRICAL STARTER MOTOR
by encapsulating Deeply Depleted UO2 (DDUO2) pellets in a D9 USING FEA
austenitic stainless steel clad tube. The ends of the tubes are sealed by
TIG welding of end plugs at both the ends. This is a critical weld as any Varatharaj Neelakandan *1, Thulasirajan Ganesan2, and Praveen
failure will lead to spread of radioactivity in sodium coolant circuit of Chakrapani Rao4
PFBR. At present, integrity of these welds is ensured by 100% *1nvaratha@comstarauto.com; 3gthulasi@comstarauto.com and
4
radiography by using double wall single image full compensating block cpraveen@comstarauto.com
tangential radiography method.
Starter motor is an electric motor which provides mechanical motion to
The present work aims at understanding the nature of defects encountered start the internal combustion engine. The electric starter ensures that
in the end plug welds and developing an ultrasonic testing methodology anyone could easily start and run an internal combustion engine of any
in lieu of radiography for qualification of the end plug welds. Typical vehicle car. Housing bracket in starter motor are supporting whole starter
defects have been examined by metallography and statistical analysis of assembly and it is used to mount starter on the engine so housing bracket is
weld zone has been carried out. A detailed analysis on various parameters the major component of starter motor assembly. Housing bracket
affecting detection of tight lack of penetration (LOP) defects in strength and weight has been continuously a concern which may lead to
radiography has also been carried out. An ultrasonic testing technique operational cost high and durability life. The important causes of higher
based on B-scan imaging in pulse-echo mode has been explored for weight gain is overdesign, customer demand, casting feasibility and the
inspection of end plug weld. Testing has been carried out with a highly operating conditions. This paper presents the design optimization
damped spherically point focused 20 MHz transducer to produce 450 methods for robust design to meet the customer demand as well as to
shear wave in weld joint area. End plug welds with different types of align operating conditions. In the optimization of housing bracket, finite
natural defects have been generated by varying different TIG welding element analysis software used for calculating the stress and fatigue
parameters. Ultrasonic testing and radiography of the same have been analysis and then the weight was optimized. The optimized new housing
carried out. LOP has been detected with good sensitivity and ultrasonic bracket was proposed for new starter projects to capture new business and the
testing results show good correlation with radiography. The paper design was implemented to reduce cost in productionized starters.
provides the details of the above study carried out.
10
Co
ontrributtoryyAbstraactsund
der
O Cate
Oral egorry
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session1A:StructuralIntegrityI
Chairman:GMadhusudhanReddy,DMRL
SessionCoordinator:CMOmprakash,DMRL
16001627 InvitedTalk:Roleofstressstateonthestructuralintegrityofweldedstructures
SSuresh,PSGcollegeofTechnology,Coimbatore
16391651 LaserHybridweldingofInconel617forAdvancedUltraSuperCriticalBoiler(AUSC)
Applications
MohdAqeel,G.Padmanabham,K.V.PhaniPrabhakarandJ.PGautam
InternationalAdvancedResearchCentreforPowderMetallurgyandNewMaterials,
Hyderabad
16511703 EstimationofresidualstressesdevelopedinSS304L/Zr2.5%Nbjoints
V.SrikanthandA.Laik
BhabhaAtomicResearchCentre,Bombay
17031715 StructuralIntegrityAssessmentofaPropellanttankinpresenceofWeldingResidual
Stresses
V.Viswanath,A.K.Asraff,P.Jayesh,SureshMathewThoma,KrishnaKumarand
R.Muthukumar
IndianSpaceResearchOrganisation,Thiruvananthpuram
17151727 NumericalstudyontheresidualstressdistributionsinGTAweldeddissimilarmetal
components
Ch.VijaySai,KSatish.Velaga,BiswanathSen,B.P.C.RaoandA.Ravisankar
IndiraGandhiCentreforAtomicResearch,Kalpakkam
17271739 CharacteristicsofStrainInducedMartensiticTransformationinWeldedJointswith
theStructureofMetastableAustenite
Yu.Korobov,O.Pimenova,M.Filippov,M.Chadiev,N.Ozerets,S.Mikchailov,S.
Morozov,Yu.DavidovandM.Razikov
UralFederalUniversity,Russia
17391751 MicrostructuralevolutionofbrazedTijointusingTi20Zr20Cu50Ni10metallicglass
ribbonasfiller
P.RamaRao,BhaskarMajumdar,K.AnilBhatnagarandK.Muraleedharan
CSIRCGCRI,Kolkata
17511803 Theeffectofgraphitesizeontensilepropertiesandhydrogenstoragecapabilityof
ferriticductilecastiron
TakuyaYoshimoto,TakashiMatsuoandTomohiroIkeda
FukuokaUniversity,Japan
18031815 SurfaceModificationStudiesonZrB220v/oSiC1w/oB4C0.1w/oCfComposite
JitenDas,JJanardhanaReddy,VSrinivas,ManishTakandVVBhanuPrasad
DefenceMetallurgicalResearchLaboratory,Hyderabad
18151827 FailureAnalysisofMetallicArmouredElectroOpticMechanicalCablesInUnderwater
TowedSonarSystems
V.KiranGovind,N.AnshathHussain,V.PGopalakrishnanNairandM.SabuSebastian
NavalPhysicalandOceanographicLaboratory,Kochi
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
ROLE OF STRESS STATE ON THE STRUCTURAL Segregation of secondary elements such as Cr and Mo are found to be
more at interdendritic region of MIG fusion zone compared to laser
INTEGRITY OF WELDED STRUCTURES
fusion zone possibly due to cooling rates experienced by the two zones.
Mo content in the interdendritic region increases with decrease in
Prof. Dr. S. Suresh
welding speed due to the formation of M6C carbides. Secondary dendritic
GM, CoE welding
arm spacing (SDAS) value increases as the welding speed decreases. The
PSG college of Technology, Coimbatore
results obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that the
drsuresh.srinivasan@gmail.com
high welding speed welds produce more number of M23C6 carbide peaks
compared to low welding speed welds. Laser-hybrid weldability studies
Structural integrity or fail safe service performance for the whole design
on fusion behaviour, microstructure, microhardness of Inconel 617 will
life is the aim of every engineered component or structure. The Structural
be presented.
integrity of a welded structure is often influenced by a) Presence of peak
stresses & stress raisers that are associated with fabrication processes b)
Keywords: Inconel 617, A-USC boilers, Laser Hybrid welding,
Relative brittleness of the weld & heat affected zones near the weld
Microstructure, elemental segregation
regions c) Tri-axial tensile residual stress field that exist in the weld
regions and overall weldment geometry d) complex geometry/design
configurations resulting in plane strain conditions e) limitation with
respect to direct evaluation of the mechanical property (toughness and
ductility) of the production welds f) the uncertainties or limitations in the ESTIMATION OF RESIDUAL STRESSES
Non destructive methods employed g) the presence of acceptable DEVELOPED IN SS 304L / Zr-2.5%Nb JOINTS
discontinuities that may grow in service etc,. In recognition of this,
International standards organization has declared welding as a special V. Srikanth* and A. Laik
process & recommends use of ISO-IEC 3834 standard to ensure the Materials Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre,
performance of a welded structure. Mumbai 400085, India
Email of corresponding author: voonas@barc.gov.in
Amongst the above mentioned factors, the stress state near the weld and
HAZ due to aggregate effect of the above factors has a major influence Joints between stainless steel (SS) and zirconium based alloys have
on service performance. The stress state can often become very complex various applications in nuclear technology [1]. Since mechanical integrity
and not easily amenable for calculations by traditional design analysis of these joints under reactor operating conditions for the reactor life time
methods due to complex geometry features. Experimental methods are viz. 40-50 years is vital, the qualification criterion for these joints should
often used to determine the stress state in critical structures by measuring be very critical. The large difference in thermal coefficient of expansion
stress concentrations, discontinuity stresses, residual stress near the weld of Zr-based alloys and SS leads to generation of residual stresses at the
toe regions etc by using suitable transducers under controlled or joint interface, which can have deteriorating effect on the bond integrity
simulated loading conditions. The results coupled with evaluation of the and mechanical properties of the joint [2]. Therefore, a proper estimation
compliance to theories of elasticity, failure analysis theories etc., can of these stresses is essential for its qualification. One of the accepted
provide us valuable information and measures to ensure structural ways of mitigating such high residual stresses is by using suitable ductile
integrity of critical welded structures. interlayers between the joining materials. In the present work, the
magnitude, nature and distribution of the residual stresses have been
In this paper the role of stress related factors on structural integrity, estimated using finite element method (FEM). Simulations were
experimental evaluation of stress state in some new and retrofitted performed using axisymmetric model to evaluate the residual stress field
structures using electrical strain gauges, determination of the safety of the generated while cooling SS304L/Zr-2.5%Nb joint from 1273 K to
critical structures by analysis of the experimentally measured stress data, ambient temperature. The stress fields were calculated assuming elasto-
are presented. plastic behaviour of the joining materials. The SS part of the joint was
found to experience a maximum radial tensile stress of about 296 MPa,
and a maximum shear stress of 55 MPa at the SS/Zr-2.5%Nb interfacial
region. The maximum compressive stress in axial direction was found to
LASER HYBRID WELDING OF INCONEL 617 FOR be 92 MPa. Similar simulations were also performed by introducing Ni
ADVANCED ULTRA SUPER CRITICAL BOILER and Ti interlayers of thickness 200 m each between SS304L and Zr-
(A-USC) APPLICATIONS 2.5%Nb. The maximum radial tensile stress on the SS side was found to
be 243 MPa and a maximum shear stress of about 74 MPa near SS/Ni
interface, while the maximum compressive stress in axial direction was
Mohd Aqeel, G. Padmanabham1, K.V. Phani Prabhakar2, J.P Gautam3 55 MPa. Therefore, it can be seen that a reduction in residual stress levels
1, 2
Centre for Laser Processing of Materials, International Advanced can be achieved upon incorporation of Ti and Ni interlayers.
Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI),
Hyderabad, India Key words: residual stress, elasto-plastic, tensile.
3
School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of [1] M.A. Chaudhary, J. Nucl. Mater., 301 (2002), 118-121.
Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India [2] H. I. Shaaban and F. H. Hammad, J. Nucl. Mater., 71 (1978), 277-
Email: mohdaqeel180@gmail.com 285.
Advanced ultra super critical (A-USC) boilers are aimed at increasing the
efficiency of coal-based power generation (>50%). However, advanced
materials are needed that could withstand higher temperatures of 700 to STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT OF A
7600C and pressures upto 25-35 MPa. High temperature nickel-based PROPELLANT TANK IN PRESENCE OF
superalloy, such as Inconel 617 (UNS N06617) is considered as a WELDING RESIDUAL STRESSES
candidate material due to its excellent oxidation resistance, superior
mechanical properties and high creep resistance. In the present work, V. Viswanath, A. K. Asraff, Jayesh. P, Suresh Mathew Thomas, Krishna
CO2 Laser-MIG hybrid (LHW) welding of 10 mm thick Inconel 617 Kumar.R, Muthukumar R
plates was performed. Influence of different welding speeds on weld Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre, Valiamala P.O,
penetration and the effect of MIG arc and CO2 Laser sources on the Thiruvananthapuram- 695 547
microstructure were analyzed. Near full penetration could be obtained at v_viswanath@lpsc.gov.in
low welding speed welds. Welding defects such as laser-induced porosity
and lack of sidewall fusion observed in laser fusion zone were due to the Upper stage of India’s new generation launch vehicle makes use of
fluctuation of the laser beam and beam offset respectively. cryogenic propellants with liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid oxygen
(LOX) as fuel and oxidizer respectively. The propellants are stored in
tanks fabricated of Aluminum alloy AA2219 and contain various
11
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
openings. As carrying out proof test at operating environment was not CHARACTERISTICS OF STRAIN-INDUCED
feasible, the tanks were subjected to proof pressure test at room
temperature (RT). During the RT proof pressure test of LOX tank, high
MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATION IN WELDED
strains greater than 8000PH were recorded by gauges at three locations JOINTS WITH THE STRUCTURE OF
where weld rework had been undertaken. From structural analysis, it was METASTABLE AUSTENITE
observed that maximum welding residual stress of 95N/mm2 exists at
these locations. From stress analysis point of view, positive margins Yu. Korobov, O. Pimenova, M. Filippov, M. Chadiev, N. Ozerets, S.
were observed with respect to failure of the tank even in presence of these Mikchailov, S. Morozov, Yu. Davidov, M. Razikov
residual stresses. Ural Federal University, 19 Mira str. Ekaterinburg, Russia, 620027
yukorobov@gmail.com
However, since the tank would be operating at cryogenic temperature,
though there is an increase in the yield and ultimate strengths of the tank Welded joints of medium-carbon steel were performed by GMAW.
material, there is a reduction in ductility (lower percentage elongation). Economically alloyed cored wire based on the Fe-C-Cr matrix, providing
Therefore, evaluation of structural integrity of the hardware from fracture a welded joint structure of a metastable austenite, was used as a
point of view is of paramount importance. A study was undertaken to feedstock. Phase transformations during crystallization and subsequent
investigate the influence of residual stresses in integrity of the tank in thermal and deformational influences under loading were studied. For
presence of minimum detectable crack sizes [1]. Location where this purpose, the results of electron microscopic studies, dilatometric and
maximum strains were observed, post proof test, was considered for magnetometric measurements were analyzed. As shown, the structure
fracture evaluation. Directional stresses at location of interest were contains an increased amount of metastable austenite, -ferrite and high-
predicted through detailed finite element analysis. Subsequently, strength carbon-chrome martensite. Welded joints were intensively
generalized Failure Assessment Diagram was drawn based on Elasto- hardened at local impact due to strain-induced martensitic transformation.
Plastic fracture mechanics principles [2, 3] and margin against ultimate At the same time, the joints were marked by high resistance against the
ensured. formation of cold cracks. It was shown that these features were resulted
from the heterophase dissipative structure formed in the conditions of the
References: thermal-deformation cycle inherent in a welded joint. As reviewed, the
Anonymous, ‘Nondestructive Evaluation Requirements for Fracture test conditions used are typical for various applications.
Critical Metallic Components’, NASA STD 5003, 2008
Anonymous, ‘Guide to Methods for Assessing the Acceptability of Flaws
in Metallic Structures’, BS 7910: 2005, 2005
T. L. Anderson, ‘Fracture mechanics Fundamentals & applications’, CRC MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF BRAZED
Press, 2011
Ti JOINT USING Ti20Zr20Cu50Ni10 METALLIC
GLASS RIBBON AS FILLER
NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE RESIDUAL STRESS P. Rama Rao*1, 4. Bhaskar. Majumdar2Anil K. Bhatnagar1, 3, and, K.
Muraleedharan4
DISTRIBUTIONS IN GTA WELDED DISSIMILAR 1
School of Engineering Sciences & Technology
METAL COMPONENTS University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, INDIA
2
Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory (DMRL)
Ch. Vijay Sai, Satish K. Velaga, Biswanath Sen, B.P.C. Rao, A. Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad – 500 058, India
3
Ravisankar School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 50046, India
4
Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata– 700032
Tamil Nadu-603102 *Corresponding author: panugothu.ramarao@gmail.com
vijaysai@igcar.gov.in
Metallic glasses of Ti20Zr20Cu50Ni10in the form of hard ribbon were
Residual stresses are inherently self-balanced stresses that arise due to produced by the standard melt-spinning technique on copper roller wheel
non-uniform development of Eigen strains during processes like welding. in air. Vacuum brazing using these ribbons were done to join two plates
Tensile residual stress in weld joints have a detrimental effect on the of Ti alloy at 990oC for 10 min. The main aim of the present work was to
structural integrity and life of an engineering component, as it study the use of the metallic glass ribbons as brazing material for titanium
exacerbates the effects of fatigue, corrosion and increases crack growth based alloys. Since the microstructure during crystallization of these
rate leading to fracture. Hence, its correct estimation and minimization is metallic glasses is expected to influence the strength of brazing joints,
a pre-requisite to qualify a component for durable service in severe microstructure characterization is very important. Here we present the
environments e.g. in nuclear power plants. Dissimilar weld joints are results of characterization of the ribbons with Ti20Zr20Cu50Ni10
inevitably fabricated to provide the structural and functional continuity composition as well as the brazed sample after joining two Ti-plates.
whenever an equipment in a process line is fabricated. A typical and Both as-spun and heat-treated ribbons were characterized by X-ray
relevant example is the weld joint between Modified 9Cr-1Mo steel (P91) Diffractometry (XRD), Field-EmissionScanning Electron Microscopy
and AISI type stainless steel 304 L which finds application in nuclear (FESEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and the energy
power plants and process industries. dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) attached to both TEM and FESEM.
The as-prepared ribbons showed amorphous nature when examined on
While several methods exist to estimate stress distributions on a both surfaces by XRD and as was also verified by TEM imaging and
component, Computer aided numerical simulation provides detailed diffraction observation. TEM study of heat treated (753 K, 30 min.)
information of the magnitude and distribution of residual stress in the ribbon showed formation of nanocrystalline microstructure comprised of
component. This paper describes a numerical study carried out for equi-axed grains having sizes in the range of about 50-200 nm. Electron
evaluation of residual stress occurring in dissimilar butt weld joints diffraction analysis in the TEM suggested the presence of two phases,
between P91 and SS304 plates and circumferentially welded pipes. This viz., cubic Ti2Ni and(Ti, Zr)2Ni phases.
covers sequential coupled thermo-metallurgical and mechanical FEM
time-step analysis using three-dimensional models. The model predicted
residual stresses are compared with measured residual stresses arising in
weld joints of P91 and SS304L.
12
SeccondInterna
ationalStructturalIntegrittyConferencce&Exhibitio 018) PROCEEDING
on(SICE– 20 GS
13
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session1B:CompositeMaterialsandStructuresI
Chairman:VVBhanuPrasad,DMRL
SessionCoordinator:MLVMahesh,DMRL
16001627 InvitedTalk:FractureToughnessandStrengthoftheInterfaceofanIntrinsicHybrid
Laminate
RobertBrandt,UniversityofSiegen,Germany
16271639 Quasistaticcompressionbehaviorofglassfilledepoxycomposites
SarthakS.Singh,P.ChakrabortyandR.Kitey
IndianInstituteofTechnologyKanpur
16391651 DevelopmentofInhouseUnidirectionalCarbon/epoxyPrepregsandits
CharacterizationforAerospaceApplications
P.R.KrishnaMohan,MAnilKumar,SivagouthamKumarandP.M.Mohite
IndianInstituteofTechnologyKanpur
16511703 InSitu3AxisDefectGrowthScannerforCFRPCompositesSubjecttoTestingUnder
StaticandCyclicLoading
K.Ramesh,H.Mahesh,M.Murali,H.P.Chandru,A.SomayyaandR.Sunder
BangaloreIntegratedSystemSolutionsPvt.Ltd,Bangalore
17031715 EvaluationofFractureToughnessofAl6082Al2O3/Al2SiO5MetalMatrixcomposites
usingTaguchiMethod
PuneethN,SatheeshJ,GJNaveen,SatyajeetMallaandSurajSTendulkar
VivekanandaCollegeofEngineeringandTechnology,Puttur
17151727 Effectofspecimenwidthandcracklengthonthefracturepropertiesofglass/epoxy
laminatedcomposites
A.SatyanarayanaandM.Gattu
NationalInstituteofTechnology,Rourkela
17271739 Mixedmodecohesivelawestimationofcompositejointsmadeoftoughenedepoxy
adhesive
MohdTauheedandNaresh.V.Datla
IndianInstituteofTechnologyDelhi
17391751 Matrixcrackinginpolymermatrixcompositeunderbiaxialloading
NJagannathan,SGururajaandCMManjunatha
CSIRNationalAerospaceLaboratories,Bangalore
17511803 ComparativeStudyoftheBehaviourofCFRPandGFRPLaminatesinaplatespecimen
usingmodifiedvirtualcrackclosuretechnique(MVCCT)
ShubhaJavagal,J.RajuandKattaVenkataramana
NationalInstituteofTechnologyKarnataka,Surathkal
18031815 Designingtheinterphaseincarbonfiberpolymercompositesusingcarbonnanotubes
HarpreetSinghBediandPrabhatK.Agnihotri
IndianInstituteofTechnologyRopar
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
FRACTURE TOUGHNESS AND STRENGTH OF the polymer matrix is modeled and the materials’ deformation response to
the compressive loading is analyzed by conducting a two dimensional
THE INTERFACE OF AN INTRINSIC HYBRID elasto-plastic finite element simulations.
LAMINATE
14
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Defects in CFRP composites are as a rule internal and not subject to EFFECT OF SPECIMEN WIDTH AND CRACK
visual tracking. Available NDT techniques such as ultrasound typically
demand bench conditions. No method was commercially available to
LENGTH ON THE FRACTURE PROPERTIES OF
permit uninterrupted and automated tracking of damage growth in CFRP GLASS/EPOXY LAMINATED COMPOSITES
specimens during the course of mechanical testing. Such testing can
proceed for several days if cyclic loading is involved because of A.Satyanarayana, M.Gattu
limitations on test frequency when working with composites. Department of civil engineering, NIT Rourkela, Odisha
E-mail: aalasatyanarayana@gmail.com
The present paper describes an on-line scanner developed at BISS for
real-time NDT monitoring and recording of damage growth in CFRP This paper investigates the effect of different strain rates and crack length
laminates under static and cyclic loading. The scanner employs precision on the fracture behavior of glass/epoxy composite laminates. The strain
3D eddy-current probe positioning, followed by signal processing to rates are considered from 1 to 1000 mm/min and crack length considered
build a picture of growing damage as well as posttest analysis to from 0 to half the width of the specimen, by maintaining crack length-
characterize fatigue damage growth. width ratio (a/W) between 0 to 0.5. The tensile test results show that with
the increase of strain rate there is an increase in nominal fracture stress,
stress intensity factor and fracture energy of the material.
15
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
transverse strength. Size dependent strength due to variation in ply the critical value, GC. Depending on the external loading and material
thickness has been accounted by appropriate volume scaling based properties, Total strain energy release rate, GT (GT=GI+GII+GIII) has been
Weibull scale factor. The Weibull parameters have been estimated using used to predict growth of delamination. The onset of delamination growth
a master ply crack evolution data. By applying incremental stress to the is determined by plotting the values of (GT/GC) across various
laminate, using the probabilistic variation of transverse strength and the delamination sizes along the thickness of the plate.
stress at a material point, the new crack location has been identified using
Hashin matrix cracking criterion. The reciprocal of the normal distance
between two cracks has been termed as crack density. The crack density
evolution for cross ply laminates with increase in applied loading has DESIGNING THE INTERPHASE IN CARBON
been estimated for various bi-axial ratios (Fig. 1) and compared with the
data available from the literature. Good correlation is found to exist
FIBER POLYMER COMPOSITES USING CARBON
between the literature evolution data and current simulation predictions. NANOTUBES
16
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session1C:StructuralHealthMonitoring
Chairman:SGopalakrishnan,IISc,Bangalore
SessionCoordinator:MPhaniSuryaKiran,DMRL
16001627 InvitedTalk:ConditionMonitoringofMetalsandFiberReinforcedPolymer
CompositesunderFatiguebyOpticalandAcousticMeans
SergeyPanin,InstituteofPhysicsofStrengthofMaterials,Russia
16391651 IntegratedVibroAcousticanalysisandEmpiricalModeDecompositionforfault
diagnosisofgearsinawindturbine
VamsiInturi,GRSabareeshandVaibhavSharma
BITSPilani,Hyderabadcampus
17031715 StrainBasedHealthMonitoringforFlutterInvestigationinLPCompressorof
DevelopmentalAeroEngineUsingHighSpeedRotatingTelemetrySystem.
S.Gangabhavani,K.Banumathy,OwaisMajidKamili,K.VishwanathandJ.Chitra
GasTurbineResearchEstablishment,DRDO,Bangalore
17271739 Detectionofsubtledamageinstructuresthroughsmartsignalreconstruction
K.LakshmiandA.RamaMohanRao
CSIRStructuralEngineeringResearchCentre
17511803 HighFrequencyDynamicMagneticShapeMemoryAlloyResponses
KrishnenduHaldar
IndianInstituteofTechnologyBombay
SeccondInterna
ationalStructturalIntegrittyConferencce&Exhibitio 018) PROCEEDING
on(SICE– 20 GS
CO
ONDITION MONITORIN
M NG OF META
ALS AND resspect to market share, size and ttechnological dessign. Generally, windw
turrbines are subjeccted to harsh operrating conditionss which further yields
y
FIB
BER REINFO
ORCED POLLYMER COMMPOSITES to damage of the critical
c componeents. Hence, healtth monitoring off key
UN
NDER FATIG TICAL AND ACOUSTIC
GUE BY OPT C co
omponents is a viital task which prredicts the damag ge severity and gives
g
MEEANS thee flexibility to plan
p the maintennance tasks. Win nd turbine conddition
mo onitoring is a maajor area of intereest in recent yearrs aiming to impprove
Pannin S.V.1,2, Eremmin A.V.1, Sunderr R.2,3, Burkov M.V.
M 1,2, Byakov thee life of the machine compoonents simultaneeously reducing the
A.VV.1, Lyubutin P.S S.1, Titkov V.V.1 op
perational and maintenance
m cost.. Gearbox in wind turbines hass the
1
Institute of Strengthh Physics and Maaterials Science, 2/4
2 Akademichesskii larrgest share of dow wntime among aall other componeents affecting direectly
pr., Tomsk 634055, Russia thee cost of operatioon and maintenance.
2
Toomsk Polytechnicc University, 30 Lenina
L pr., Tomskk 634050, Russiaa
3
Baangalore Integrateed System Solutioons, 497E 14th Cross
C 4th Phase In this current investigation, an atttempt has been made
m to diagnosee the
Peeenya Industrial Arrea, Bangalore 5660058, India geear faults by using Empiriccal Mode Deccomposition (EM MD)
svp@ispms.ru meethodology. Twoo condition monnitoring techniqu ues such as vibraation
an
nalysis and acousstic signal analyssis are integrated and the experim ments
Thee present study is i devoted to thhe investigation of o deformation and a aree performed on a laboratory sccaled three-stage gearbox havingg the
fraccture processes off various structurral materials under cyclic loadingg by speed ratio of 1:488. Local gear fauults such as tooth h chip and tooth root
meaans of optical andd acoustic techniqques. Optical metthod is based on the craack are seeded annd the response iss recorded in the form of vibrationn and
Diggital Image Correllation technique being
b aimed to obbtain strain patterrns. acoustic signals. EMMD analysis is immplemented and the t statistical feattures
Theeir study is of parrticular importancce for fatigue cracck growth in mettals. aree extracted fromm the acquired ddata. The repressentative featuress are
This approach is further
f improvedd for calculating fracture mechaanic ideentified using a decision tree alggorithm and thesee are classified using
u
paraameters as well as to monitor crack tip propagation (opening) ussing paattern recognitionn techniques – Support Vector Machine (SVM M) to
maccroscale observattion (at resolutionn 0.5 μm/px). Thee acoustic techniqque disstinguish between the healthy annd faulty classes. The challengess and
is based
b on the ultrasonic Lamb wavees probing with the t view of realizzing thee potential advanntages are also diiscussed in this paper
p to establishh the
Struuctural Health Monitoring (SHM)) systems. The opperation principlee of focus of integrated condition monitooring systems.
the proposed acousstic approach is based on the analysis a of receivved
acouustic signals (prropagating through the specimenn gauge length) by Keeywords: Wind turbine gearboox, condition monitoring,
m vibraation
commputation of a widde range of inform mative parameterrs. an
nalysis, acoustic signal
s analysis and Empirical mode decomposition..
ST
TRAIN BASE
ED HEALTH
H MONITOR RING FOR
FL
LUTTER IN
NVESTIGATIION IN LP COMPRESSO
C OR
OF
O DEVELOP PMENTAL A
AERO ENGINE USING
HIGH
H SPEED
D ROTATING
G TELEMET TRY SYSTEM
M
S. Gangabhavani +, K. Banumathyy, Owais Majid Kamili,
K K
.V
Vishwanath, J. Chitra.
Gaas Turbine Reseaarch Establishmennt, Bangalore - 56
60093
+ Email:
E gangabhavvani@gtre.drdo.iin/ s.gangabhavan ni@gmail.com
Straain field in
alumminum alloy wiith Thhis study is conceerned with the vibbratory strain meaasurement on fann first
wellded joint prior to Received acoustic signal patttern staage rotor blades for health monitoring of an aero engine under testing
fraccture. Threee with emphaasized S0 Lamb wave
w mode. ussing high speed rotating
r telemetrry system. Strainn gages were useed to
proppagating crackks meeasure the blade vibratory strains experienced by the t blades duringg Fan
are seen. Flu utter Evaluation Tests. Rotating T Telemetry System m provided the means
m
forr transmitting thhe strain data froom rotating blad des to stationary data
Ressults of experim mental and theorretical studies aimed
a at condittion acquisition systemss. During the enngine tests condu ucted in a groundd test
monnitoring of high strength
s aluminum m and titanium alloy specimens with
w faccility, the strain records revealedd high strains exp perienced by the Fan
wellded joints as well
w as carbon anda glass fiber reinforced polym mer firrst stage rotor blades
b due to nnon-integral eng gine order excitaation
commposites subjecteed to static and cyclic loading are
a described in the diaagnosed as flutterr. The strain leveels were too high for the safe operaation
papper. The evolutionn patterns of infoormative parametters (computed frrom off the engine. As part of the fluttter mitigation, in ntroduction of caasing
acouustic and optical data) and stain gauging during meechanical testing are treeatment was usedd as one of the aapproaches. Afteer the introductioon of
illusstrated. The com
mbined use of the t optical and acoustic techniqques caasing treatment, the
t engine was ttested and it waas observed that high
makkes it possible tot realize a com mplex way of daata acquisition thhus strrain levels observved earlier had rreduced considerrably. The strain data
avooiding shortcominngs of each techhnique. The com mbined sensing and a acquired through the t telemetry sysstem therefore no ot only helped inn the
monnitoring allows one to more thoroughly studdy and understaand deetection and idenntification of fluutter but also provided
p vital innputs
proccesses of damagee accumulation, crack growth and fracture. reggarding the efficacy of casing treatment in flu utter suppressionn. In
ad
ddition, the paperr also highlights tthe importance of o Rotating Telem metry
Syystem in non –coontact data transsmission resulting in excellent siignal
quuality, no wear annd tear, and minim mum inspection and maintenancee. All
INTEGRATEDD VIBRO-AC
COUSTIC ANNALYSIS AN
ND theese features are of vital importaance in online heealth monitoring and
safety assessment of o developmental aero-engines.
EM
MPIRICAL MODE
M DECOOMPOSITIOON FOR
FA
AULT DIAGN
NOSIS OF GEARS
G IN A WIND
W
TU
URBINE
Oveer the last few yeears, wind turbinee technology has experienced a raapid
grow
wth among the other
o renewable power
p developinng technologies with
w
17
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys (MSMAs) are best known for their
unique ability to produce Magnetic Field Induced Strains (MFIS) up to
10% under a magnetic field [1]. Some of the commonly used MSMA
material systems are NiMnGa, FePd and NiMnX, where X=In,Sn,Sb. The
unique magneto-mechanical coupling makes MSMAs promising
materials for multifunctional structures, actuator and sensor applications
[2]. The coupled MSMA behaviors can be modeled by considering the
material as an electromagnetic continuum.
In this work, the dynamic effect of MSMAs is taken into account in the
modeling. Most of the modeling approaches consider quasi-static
magneto-mechanical processes and time dependent components from the
Maxwell equations are discarded. However, for a high frequency (~
1kHz) MSMA response, which is one of the key potential application for
this material, the magneto-mechanical coupling mechanism becomes
more complex. A systematic study is performed to capture the dynamic
responses of MSMA in terms of, e.g., the influence of eddy current and
Joule heating.
18
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session1D:OxidationandCorrosionResistantCoatings
Chairman:DipakKumarDas,DMRL
SessionCoordinator:Md.ZafirAlam,DMRL
16001627 InvitedTalk:ThermalBarrierCoatingsLifetimeAssessment
VincentMaurel,MinesParisTech,France
16271652 InvitedTalk:RoleofPhaseStabilityindurabilityofZirconiaThermalBarriermaterials
ASGandhi,IndianInstituteofTechnologyBombay
16521704 Performanceofglassceramicsasbondcoatinthermalbarriercoating(TBC)system
SumanaGhosh
CSIRCentralGlass&CeramicResearchInstitute
17041716 DevelopmentofnewTBCmaterialswithenhancedCMASinfiltrationresistance
throughatmosphericplasmaspraying
G.Sivakumar
InternationalAdvancedResearchCentreforPowderMetallurgyandNewMaterials,
Hyderabad
17161728 Frictionalcontactandwearalongvirtualinterfaces
BasavaR.Akula
MinesParistechParis,France
17281740 SurfaceAlloyingofTitaniumDiboride(TiB2)andSiliconCarbide(SiC)onAluminium
Al5052usingElectricDischargeProcessing
SandeepDas,RandhirKumarRaman,N.DevaraniandShrikrishnaN.Joshi
IndianInstituteofTechnologyGuwahati
17401754 InfluenceofsubstratepropertiesonthedeformationbehaviorofTiNcoatingunder
cyclicimpacttesting
PSureshBabu,MSusmithaSrikantha,VKrishna,LVenkatesh,GRaviChandraand
DSrinivasaRao
InternationalAdvancedResearchCentreforPowderMetallurgyandNewMaterials,
Hyderabad
17541806 Highspeednanomechanicalpropertymappingofthermalbarriercoating
B.Vignesh,P.SudharshanPhaniandG.SivaKumar
InternationalAdvancedResearchCentreforPowderMetallurgyandNewMaterials,
Hyderabad
18061818 InfluenceofShotPeeningParametersonSurfacePropertiesofTi6Al4VUsing
TaguchiTechnique
R.K.Kumar,P.SampathKumaran,S.Seetharamu,S.AnandKumar,T.PramodandG.J.
Naveen
IndianInstituteofTechnologyJammu
18181832 HightemperaturecorrosionstudiesonbareandNi20%CrcoatedInconel825super
alloyinNa2SO4V2O5environmentat900°C
S.M.Muthu,D.Raghul,N.ArivazhaganandM.Arivarasu
VelloreInstituteofTechnology,Vellore
18321844 HotcorrosionstudyofbareandPtaluminide(PtAl)coatedNibasesuperalloy
CM247LC
MaheshK.Kumawat,Md.ZafirAlamandDipakK.Das
DefenceMetallurgicalResearchLaboratory,Hyderabad
SeccondInterna
ationalStructturalIntegrittyConferencce&Exhibitio 018) PROCEEDING
on(SICE– 20 GS
TH
HERMAL BA
ARRIER COA
ATINGS LIF
FETIME PE
ERFORMAN NCE OF GLA
ASS-CERAM
MICS AS BON
ND
AS
SSESSMENT
T COAT IN THE
ERMAL BAR ATING (TBC)
RRIER COA
SY
YSTEM
V Maurel
M
MINNES ParisTech, PSL
P Research Unniversity, Su
umana Ghosh
Cenntre des Matériaux, UMR 7633, BP P87 91003 Evry, France Biio-ceramics and Coating
C Division,, CSIR-Central Glass
G and Ceramicc
vinccent.maurel@minnes-paristech.fr Reesearch Institute, Kolkata, India
Em
mail of corresponnding author: sum mana@cgcri.res.in
n
Onee of the major challenges for coatingsc on supeeralloys is to keep
adhherence during aging,
a where dam mage is mostly driven by therm mo- Thhe performance of o a thermal barrieer coating (TBC)) system consistinng of
mecchanical fatigue (TMF). On the other o hand, the methodology
m of the ytttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) top coat, glass-cerramic bond coatt and
evaluation of the interfacial
i toughhness should be consistent withh in nicckel base superaalloy substrate wwas investigated in terms of theermal
servvice loading. Thhe aim of this paper p is to conssider the impact of properties such ass oxidation resisstance, thermal shock
s resistance and
miccrostructure evoluution on adherennce properties thrrough a mechaniical theermal gradient prroperties. Glass-cceramics was appplied as bond coaat on
analysis of the relevvant damage mecchanisms limitingg the lifetime of the thee nimonic alloyy substrate (nim monic–AE 435) by the conventiional
TBC C system. To achhieve this goal we w take advantagge of microstructture en
namelling techniqque. YSZ (8Y2O33–92ZrO2) was applied
a as the top coat
analysis coupling opptical microscopyy, SEM, EBSD annd 3D measuremeents on
nto the glass-ceraamic bond coat bby air plasma sprraying technique. The
by both
b Xray compuuted tomographyy and FIB analyssis for TMF loadding bo
ond coat thickness and top coat thickness were maintained to about a
[1-22]. On the other hand mechanicaal tests are perfoormed to determ mine 10
00±10 m and 400±104 m, resppectively. Figure 1 shows the typpical
adhhesion properties.. Recently, the use u of LAser Shhock Adhesion Test T cro
oss-sectional miccrostructure of thhe TBC system. Static oxidation test,
(LA
ASAT) has show wn its capability for both rankinng different coatting theermal shock test and thermal graddient measuremen nt were conductedd for
soluutions and evaluaating the evolutioon of a given coatting as a functionn of thee present TBC syystem.
aginng [1-2]. The linkk between differeent length scales involved in damage
mecchanisms is anallyzed by FEA includingi both explicit
e meshing of Oxxidation of bond coat governs thee lifetime of a TBBC system. Thereefore,
heteerogeneities (rouughness, grains..) and post-processsing FEA modell to TGGO layer formatiion and its thickkening should be controlled to reduce
estimate life to spallaation function off aging influence for
f TMF loading.. thee bond coat oxiddation induced TTBC degradation. Static oxidationn test
Refferences forr prolonged duraation showed no TGO layer betw ween the top coatt and
[1] Sallot, et al (22015). Metallurgiical and Materiaals Transactions A, thee bond coat of the TBC system. AAs glass-ceramic bond
b coat is basically
46(10), 4589-4600. ox
xide based, bond coat oxidation did not occur duriing thermal exposure.
[2] Maurel, V., et al (2013). Oxidatioon of metals, 79(33-4), 313-323. Thhermal shock testt exhibited high thhermal shock ressistance of the preesent
[3] Guipont, et al (22010). J. of Biom medical Materialls Research Part A, TBBC system. The thermal graddient was measu ured by noting the
95(44), 1096-1104. tem
mperature differrential between the coating su urface and subsstrate
[4] Sapardanis, et al (2016). Surface and Coatings Technology, 291, 430- su
urface. The lineaar behaviour of the thermal grad dient of the coaating-
4433. ubstrate system was observed with respect to the coating temperaturee.
su
[5] Soulignac, et al (2013) Surface and Coatings Teechnology, 237, 95-
1044.
[6] Courcier, C., et al
a (2011). Surface and Coatings Technology,
T 205((13-
14),, 3763-3773.
TopCoat
RO
OLE OF PHA
ASE STABIL
LITY IN DUR
RABILITY OF
O
ZIR
RCONIA TH
HERMAL BAARRIER MA ATERIALS BondC
Coat
Zircconia based oxidde ceramic coatings are now integgral to advanced gas
turbbines, whether foor aviation or forr power generatioon. These thermaally
100μm
insuulating coatings prolong
p the life off hot-section mettallic componentss by
keepping them at reelatively low tem mperatures in thhe presence of evere
incrreasing turbine innlet temperatures. Thermal barriier coatings (TBCs)
are exposed to therrmal cycling up to temperatures estimated to reach
~12250°C. The mosst successful TB BCs are based on the metastaable Fig. 1. Typiccal cross-sectionaal microstructure of TBC system
tetraagonal zirconia (t’) solid solution, stabilised by onne or more oxidess of
raree-earth elements such as Y, Ybb, La, Gd, Nd, etc. Low therm mal
connductivity and higgh fracture toughnness are the most important attribuutes
of the
t successful TBCs.
T We have shown that the fracture toughnness DEVELOPMEENT OF NEW
W TBC MATTERIALS
channges as the mettastable t’ phase transforms by precipitation of the WITH
W ENHAN
NCED CMAAS INFILTRA
ATION
cubbic phase. The behaviour of the rare-earth stabilised zircoonia
RESISTANCE
R E THROUGHH ATMOSPHHERIC
commpositions has beeen compared wiith the conventioonal yttria stabiliised
zircconia compositionn. It is seen that the phase transfo formations are fasster PL
LASMA SPR
RAYING
in compositions withw larger ionic radii of the stabiliser catioons.
Indeentation fracturee toughness hass been correlateed with the phhase G.. Sivakumar
trannsformations. Raaman spectroscoopy studies havve been used for Intternational Advannced Research Ceenter for Powder Metallurgy and New
N
idenntifying toughenning mechanism ms like ferroelasstic toughening or Materials,
M
trannsformation toughening. A compplementary line of o research workk is Baalapur P.O., Hydeerabad, INDIA.
undder progress wherrein Raman and X-ray X diffraction techniques are used
u Emmail: gsivakumarr@arci.res.in
for measuring the rooom temperature stress developed in TBCs. The long-
termm goal is to combbine the phase trannsformations, fraacture toughness anda Thhe beneficial rolee of high temperaature thermal barrrier coatings in land-
l
resiidual stress measuurement results to develop predicctive non-destructtive baased and aeroengiine gas turbines aallows the enginees to operate at hiigher
expperimental tools for assessing thhe structural inteegrity of in-servvice eff
fficiency and power.p Yttria-sstabilized-zirconiaa (YSZ) coatings,
TBC Cs. deeposited through either atmospherric plasma sprayiing (APS) or elecctron
19
SeccondInterna
ationalStructturalIntegrittyConferencce&Exhibitio 018) PROCEEDING
on(SICE– 20 GS
TiiN coatings have been extensivelyy used to enhancee the cutting tooll life.
In addition, these coatings
c also fouund in other appliications like artifficial
REF FERENCES joiints, surgical insstruments, plasticc injection moldds and dental alloys.
[1] J.D. Sanders, T..A. Laursen, M.AA. Puso, A Nitscche embedded mesh
m Diifferent applicatioons use differentt substrate materiials. Hence it is very
metthod, Comput.Meech., Vol. 49 (2), pp. 243–257, 20112. essential to undersstand the deformaation and fracture behavior of TiN N as
[2] N. Sukumar, T. T Belytschko, Arbitrary
A brancheed and intersectting funnction substrate properties. Furrther, material cu utting is a com mplex
craccks with the exttended finite eleement method, Int.
I J. Num. Meeth. process where cuttting tool experieence tensile, com mpression and fattigue
Enggng.,Vol. 48, pp. 1741-1760, 20000. typpe stresses durring cutting opeeration. Nano-im mpact testing whichw
repplicate the millinng operation and llow cyclic fatigu
ue processes are being
b
20
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
used widely in the recent years to assess the properties especially the INFLUENCE OF SHOT PEENING PARAMETERS
fracture and deformation behavior of thin hard coatings. A strain rate up
to 102 to 103 can be achieved during the impact testing. Hence, an
ON SURFACE PROPERTIES OF Ti-6Al-4V USING
attempt has been made to understand the influence of substrate properties TAGUCHI TECHNIQUE
on the TiN coating deformation. The fracture behavior of TiN coating
deposited by cathodic-arc physical vapor deposition (CA-PVD) on R.K. Kumar1, P. SampathKumaran2, S. Seetharamu3, S. Anand Kumar4,
different substrates having wide range of hardness and elastic modulus T. Pramod5, G.J. Naveen6
values tested under cyclic impact will be discussed in the present talk. It 1Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore
is observed that the hardness and elastic modulus of substrate influence 2,3
National Design and Research Forum, Bangalore
significantly on the deformation behavior of TiN coating. In impact 4
Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, J&K
testing, delamination and chipping of coating is observed on high elastic 5
The Energy and Resources Institute, Bangalore
modulus substrate and cracking and bending of coating is noticed on soft- 6
Sambhram Institute of Technology, Bangalore
substrate materials. Email of corresponding author: anand.subramaniyan@iitjammu.ac.in
The aim of the present study is to compare the hot corrosion behavior of
bare and Ni-20Cr coated Ni based super alloy Inconel 825 in molten salt
environment of Na2SO4-60%V2O5 at 900°C for 50 cycles. Ni-20Cr
coating is performed on super alloy Inconel 825 by high velocity oxy fuel
(HVOF) coating of thermal spray method. During hot corrosion study,
weight change measurement is taken at end of each cycle to obtain the
corrosion kinetics by thermo gravimetric technique. Surface morphology,
chemical analysis and phase identification of the corrosion products are
Fig. 1. Optical micrograph and corresponding hardness maps of bond
evaluated by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive
coat after 5 cycles ((a) & (b)) and bond coat-top coat interface after 100
spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction method. Cross sectional analysis is
cycles ((c) & (d)).
performed on the hot corroded specimens to obtain oxide layer thickness
and depth of corrosion attack. Elemental distribution of the cross
sectioned hot corroded specimens were analyzed using X-ray mapping
analysis. Ni-20Cr coated specimen shows the better corrosion resistance
than bare specimen. Oxide scale cracks and spallation were observed on
uncoated specimen after 50 cycles.
21
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
22
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session1E:FatigueandFractureI
Chairman:SVKamat,DRDO
SessionCoordinator:AtulKumar,DMRL
16001627 InvitedTalk:EffectsofVacuumlikeEnvironmentonSmallInternalCrackGrowth
ProcessesinVeryHighCycleFatigue
TakashiNakamura,HokkaidoUniversity,Sapporo,Japan
16271639 Influenceofretrogressionandreageingheattreatmentonthefatiguecrackgrowth
behaviorof7010aluminumalloy
MSNandana,KUdayaBhatandCMManjunatha
NationalInstituteofTechnology,Surathkal
16391651 EffectofhydrogenonshortcrackpropagationinSA508Gr.3Cl.Ilowalloysteelunder
cyclicloading
RajwinderSingh,AmanjotSingh,PawanK.SinghandDhirajK.Mahajan
IndianInstituteofTechnologyRopar
16511703 InterlaminarfracturetoughnessofshortfiberreinforcedGFRPlaminates
K.Chawla,S.RaychaudhuriandR.Kitey
IndianInstituteofTechnologyKanpur
17031715 EffectofnotchorientationonfracturebehaviouroftexturedZr2.5Nbmaterial
PritiKotakShah,AshwiniKumar,B.N.RathandJ.S.Dubey
BhabhaAtomicResearchCentre,Mumbai
17271739 DeterminationofJinitiationtoughnessusingprecrackedsmallpunchtestspecimens
TaslimShikalgar;B.K.DuttaandJ.Chattopadhyay
HomiBhabhaNationalInstitute,Mumbai
17391751 AGeneralizationofNeuber’sRulefortheAssessmentofLocalStressesandStrains
inStressConcentrationZonesforaWideRangeofAppliedStrains
NikolayA.MakhutovandDmitryO.Reznikov
MechanicalEngineeringResearchInstitute.RussianAcademyofSciences,Russia
17511803 Cracksizedependencyofshearmodefatiguethresholdinbearingsteelsubjectedto
continuoushydrogencharging
Y.Akaki,TMatsuo,Y.NishimuraandS.Miyakawa
FukuokaUniversity,Japan
18031815 Anewsemianalyticalapproachforobtainingcracktipstressdistributionsunder
variableamplitudeloading
A.NSavkin,DenisevichD.S,K.ABadikovandA.ASedov
VolgogradStateTechnicalUniversity,Russia
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Aluminum alloys are widely used in aircraft structural components where unch
light weight, high strength and good corrosion resistance are the primary
requirements. These alloys are generally used in peak-aged (T6) ch
condition in which they are susceptible for stress corrosion cracking. In
recent years, retrogression and re-ageing (RRA) treatment on aluminum
alloys is carried out to enhance their corrosion resistance maintaining the (a) (b)
ultimate tensile strength. The aim of this work was to study the influence
of RRA treatment on the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) behavior.
The 7010 aluminum alloy was heat treated to two different conditions Fig. 1 Comparison of (a) short crack growth ‘a’ with
i.e., T6 and RRA. The microstructures of these alloys were characterized number of loading cycles ‘N’ and (b) short crack
by using TEM. Standard CT specimens were prepared and FCGR tests growth rate ‘da/dN’ with crack length ‘a’ in hydrogen
were carried out by using a 100 kN servo-hydraulic test machine as per
ASTM standard. The constant amplitude FCGR tests were carried out at a charged and uncharged SA508 Gr.3 Cl.I low alloy steel
stress ratio, R = 0.5 using sine wave loading pattern at 10 Hz. Crack
length was monitored by following compliance technique.
Microstructural studies show that RRA treated alloy contain fine and INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF
densely populated precipitates in the matrix along with coarsened and
discontinuous precipitates in the grain boundary. The fatigue crack SHORT FIBER REINFORCED GFRP LAMINATES
growth rate was observed to reduce and threshold stress intensity factor
(Kth) was increased in RRA treated alloy compared to the T6 K. Chawla, S. Raychaudhuri2, R. Kitey3
conditioned alloy. The mechanisms in reducing the fatigue crack growth 1
Ph.D. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of
rate in the RRA treated alloy is attributed to the microstructural changes. Technology, Kanpur.
Increase in the Kth and reduction in fatigue crack growth rate of RRA 2
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of
treated alloy is beneficial in enhancing the fatigue crack growth life of the Technology, Kanpur.
structural components in aerospace applications. 3
Associate Professor, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology, Kanpur.
Corresponding author: komalc@iitk.ac.in
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SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Continuous fibre reinforced polymer composites have wide range of civil determination of fracture properties in case of limited availability of
and defence applications. Due to their high specific strength and high materials, which is insufficient for conducting conventional standard
specific modulus they are particularly used in fabricating light weight tests. In this paper, pre-cracked small punch test specimens (denoted as p-
structures. Although the laminates have excellent in-plane properties, SPT) are used to obtain the fracture J-initiation toughness of nuclear
they are often susceptible to interfacial failure during common operating structural steel 20MnMoNi55 and T91. The size of p-SPT specimen is 10
conditions. Therefore, to enhance the reliability of laminated structures x 10 x 0.5 mm and wire EDM technique is used to generate through
enhancement of interlayer characteristics has always been a topic of thickness crack profile from centre of one side to a point just passing the
research. In current investigation the glass fiber reinforced epoxy centre of specimen, producing a crack length to specimen width ratios
laminates are embedded with short fibers and double cantilever beam (a/W) are 0.4 and 0.45. The tests are conducted to get load v/s
(DCB) experiments are conducted to characterize their interfacial fracture displacement data. Elastic plastic finite element analysis of p-SPT
behaviour. specimen is carried out and numerically obtained load v/s displacement
data are compared with experimental results. This analysis also helped to
The laminates are prepared by hand layup technique where four layers of compute J-integral near the crack tip as a function of load. J-initiation is
1250 GSM unidirectional glass fiber cloths are stacked together in a calculated using two different approaches using p-SPT specimens: First
mould. Another set of laminates is fabricated by reinforcing short fibers approach is based on applied J-integral being equal to initiation toughness
of average length and diameter, 6.5 mm and 16 m, respectively, into the (JIC) and second approach is based on micromechanical Gurson-
epoxy prior to coating the fiber cloth with the matrix. In both cases the Tvergaard-Needleman model to know the load at which crack is initiated.
laminates are vacuum oven cured along with a calibrated pressure. The Computed J-initiation using micromechanical GTN model has good
reinforced laminate are prepared by embedding short fibers into the matching with the value quoted in the literature which shows the viability
matrix upto 3% volume fraction. Test samples of dimension, 150 mm x of the method. The methodology described in this paper has potential to
25 mm x 3.5 mm, are machined from the laminates with pre cracks of determine fracture initiation toughness of aged nuclear materials using
length varying from 30 mm to 50 mm. Double cantilever beam test in pre-cracked small punch tests.
combination with modified beam theory is employed to determine
interlaminar fracture toughness (GIc). The reinforced laminates exhibit
higher GIc values when compared to the unreinforced counterparts. The
maximum influence is observed in the 2% volume fraction case where the A GENERALIZATION OF NEUBER’S RULE FOR
initial and stead state GIc show more than 30% and 15% enhancement,
respectively.
THE ASSESSMENT OF LOCAL STRESSES AND
STRAINS IN STRESS CONCENTRATION ZONES
FOR A WIDE RANGE OF APPLIED STRAINS
The developed phenomenological model fits well to the experimental near-tip stress at each load step. The calculated results obtained by new
data in the broad range of plastic strains and proved to be useful in model are validated with the traditional approach (Ramberg-Osgood
predicting the structural response of structural components subjected to stress-strain relationship and Massing hypothesis)n
extreme loading regimes. instantaneous resistance of crack tip surface layers to failure under
atmospheric conditions in case of Al2024-T3 alloy for constant amplitude
loading after tensile and comprehensive overloads (Fig.1).
25
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session1F:FatigueandFracture–II
Chairman:NEswaraPrasad,DMSRDE
SessionCoordinator:VLNiranjani,DMRL
16001627 InvitedTalk:Deformationanddamagemechanismsunderthermomechanicalfatigue
oftype316LNausteniticstainlesssteelanditswelds
NageshaA,IndiraGandhiCentreforAtomicResearch,Kalpakkam
16271639 Experimentalandnumericalinvestigationsoflowcyclefatiguebehaviorofcryorolled
AA5754
PankajKumarandAkhilendraSingh
IndianInstituteofTechnologyPatna
16511703 Influenceoffrettingonfatiguestrengthofmodified9Cr1Mosteel
V.Shiva;SunilGoyal,R.Kannan,R.SandhyaandA.K.Bhaduri
IndiraGandhiCentreforAtomicResearch,Kalpakkam
17031715 Evaluationofstatic,lowcyclefatigueandfracturemechanicspropertiesthrough
miniaturespecimens
H.RamakrishnaandR.Sunder
BangaloreIntegratedSystemSolutionsPvt.Ltd.,Bangalore
17151727 LasershockpeeninginducedfatiguelifeofSS316LNstainlesssteel
PardhuYella,K.V.Rajulapati,K.BhanuSankaraRao,G.VaraprasadReddy,R.
SandhyaandP.PremKiran
UniversityofHyderabad,Hyderabad
17271739 EffectofColdDeformationonPittingCorrosionandCorrosionFatigueBehaviorof
AusteniticStainlessSteelinAcidifiedChloridemedium
PoonguzhaliandS.Ningshen
IndiraGandhiCentreforAtomicResearch,Kalpakkam
17391751 FatigueDamageEvaluationofRivetedJointsunderTensionCompressionCyclic
LoadingwithAcousticEmissionApproximateEntropyApproach
S.KalyanaSundaram,V.R.RanganathandM.R.Bhat
CSIRNationalAerospaceLaboratories,Bangalore
17511803 CyclicmeanstressrelaxationbehaviourofP91steel:Experimentsandconstitutive
modelling
BimalDasandAkhilendraSingh
IndianInstituteofTechnologyPatna
18151827 EffectofAluminideCoatingonIsothermalandThermomechanicalFatigueBehavior
ofNearTitaniumAlloy
E.HariKrishna,KartikPrasad,ChandrakantParlikar,D.K.DasandVikasKumar
DefenceMetallurgicalResearchLaboratory,Hyderabad
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
26
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
The study of deformation and fracture of materials through static loading EFFECT OF COLD DEFORMATION ON PITTING
yields information on resistance to failure in terms of yield strength and
fracture toughness. Fatigue behaviour of materials as a process of
CORROSION AND CORROSION FATIGUE
progressive damage leading to cracking and failure is obtained under BEHAVIOR OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL
cycling loading. ASTM specifies the standard size specimens and test IN ACIDIFIED CHLORIDE MEDIUM
setups for carrying out these experiments.
Poonguzhali, S. Ningshen
In some of the high-performance industries such as nuclear power plants, Corrosion Science and Technology Division
Aerospace and thermal power plants, extraction of standard sized Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
specimens for evaluation of static and cyclic properties to yield Kalpakkam – 603 102, India
information on residual life of critical components is not practical. These *Corresponding author: apoongs@igcar.gov.in
constraints necessitate obtaining such information by conducting +91-44-27480121
mechanical testing on miniature specimens. The literature reports many
attempts made on testing of miniaturised specimens, but, do not establish Nitrogen is one of the most important alloying elements in alloy steels
standard specimen design, dimension and method of testing; the case to and even in small amounts can improve their properties. Because of its
case testing of such specimens is arbitrary. favorable properties, high performance nitrogen containing austenitic
stainless steels are currently being developed for advanced application
In this project, an attempt has been made to obtain a spectrum of that require high strength along with better corrosion and wear resistance.
mechanical properties: a) Tensile strength, Tensile modulus, yield The present study investigate the effects of cold work (CW) on the
strength, peak stress, percentage of elongation, b) Fracture toughness c) microstructure and corrosion fatigue (CF) resistance of AISI Type 316
Fatigue crack growth rate and d) Low cycle fatigue properties on low LN stainless steel containing 0.11 wt. % nitrogen using microscopic,
carbon steel/miniature specimens. These results have been compared with electrochemical and surface analytical methods. Potentiodynamic anodic
results obtained on standard specimens; also the differences in the polarization experiments carried out in two chloride concentrations (1M
properties have been pointed out. The modification in the test setup, NaCl) and (5M NaCl + 0.15 M Na2SO4 ) indicated that pitting potential
specimen geometry, grips and fixtures, and strain measuring devices have (Epit) and passivity range drastically decreased with increase in chloride
also been described. concentration and increased deformation from 0 to 20% CW. In 5 M
NaCl + 0.15 M Na2SO4, corrosion resistance (Rp) decreases with
increase in deformation rate due to increased susceptibility of the passive
film towards dissolution due to increase in dislocation density. CF
behaviour of AISI Type 316LN SS with 0.11 wt.% nitrogen was studied
LASER SHOCK PEENING INDUCED FATIGUE in acidified 5 M NaCl + 0.15M Na2SO4 solution at a stress ratio of 0.5
LIFE OF SS316LN STAINLESS STEEL and a frequency of 0.1 Hz with varying mean stress and open circuit
potential was monitored throughout the failure of the specimen. Based on
Pardhu Yella1, K. V. Rajulapati1*, K. Bhanu Sankara Rao2, G. in-situ electrochemical measurements during corrosion fatigue tests, the
Varaprasad Reddy3, R. Sandhya3, P. Prem Kiran4 shift in potential indicates the crack initiation process. The S-N curve of
1
School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of fatigue life (Nf) vs. stress amplitude was also generated. This study
Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India. showed that the CF resistance increases with increase in deformation rate
2 and the number of cycles to failure and critical cracking potential
Ministry of Steel (Govt. of India) Chair, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of
Technology, Hyderabad 500075, India. decreases with increasing mean stress. The crack initiation and
3
Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, India. propagation shows a transgranular mode in all the tested conditions.
4
Advanced Centre for Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM),
University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
E-mail: kvrse@uohyd.ernet.in
FATIGUE DAMAGE EVALUATION OF RIVETED
To extend the life of a nuclear reactor, the best way is to engineer the JOINTS UNDER TENSION - COMPRESSION
surface of critical components of the reactor, as most of the associated
failures are fatigue related. There exists numerous methods in literature to CYCLIC LOADING WITH ACOUSTIC EMISSION
engineer the surface, among them laser shock peening has shown an APPROXIMATE ENTROPY APPROACH
enhanced performance due to its good directionality and precise coverage
even onto the critical parts of the components. Under fully reversed stress S. Kalyana Sundaram*, V.R. Ranganath*, M.R. Bhat**
controlled fatigue tests in the range of 200-300 MPa, the fatigue *Structural Technologies Division, CSIR-National Aerospace
behaviour of virgin and laser peened 316LN stainless steel have been Laboratories, Bengaluru – 560017
conducted at 298K. All the tests were conducted below 107 cycles, a **Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science,
triangular wave form of loading with a constant frequency of 5 Hz has Bengaluru – 560012
been employed. Whereas for the test to run out, the number of cycles to kalyan@nal.res.in
failure 107 were conducted at 60 Hz. These studies have clearly revealed
that the fatigue life is dependent on metallurgical condition of the Irrespective of passenger or military aircraft, splices in skin structures of
material and stress amplitude employed. A detailed analysis is made on fuselage, wings, stabilizers, control surfaces are uses riveted lap or butt
the cyclic stress-strain curves which were recorded while fatigue loading joints for the interconnection. Formation of cluster of cracks termed as
for both virgin and peened states. A detailed study on fatigue crack multi-site damage (MSD) is one of the hazardous damages occurring on
initiation and propagation was generated by observing the fractured riveted joints due to fatigue. Initial stage, sizes of MSD cracks are sub
surface and surface of the specimens, which are subjected to fatigue millimeter levels and hidden under rivet heads. These cracks grow under
loading. The peened material showed better fatigue strength and life at flight loads, coalesce and lead to catastrophic failure. Early detection and
low stress amplitudes pertaining to high cycle fatigue regime. Peened understanding the growth behavior of this multisite damage is extremely
samples exhibited lower density of surface cracks in comparison with important to maintain structural integrity of the airframe. Results of
untreated samples measured using acetate replica images. The improved research investigation presented here based on approximate entropy
fatigue resistance of peened material is attributed to the presence of (ApEn) analysis on acoustic emission signals provides the methodology
residual compressive stresses and their effect in controlling the crack for early detection and identification of stages of multisite damage on
initiation and propagation. riveted joints subjected to tension – compression fatigue loads.
Experimental works were done with single strap riveted butt joint
specimens fabricated from aircraft grade aluminum alloy AA 2024 T3.
Specimens were instrumented with acoustic emission sensors, strain
gages and subjected to fatigue loads in long span UTM. Approximate
entropy was determined on acoustic emission signal parameters acquired
27
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
during fatigue load cycles from start to ultimate failure. Determined EFFECT OF ALUMINIDE COATING ON
values of ApEn and trend were correlated to the stages of multisite
damage on riveted joint. Based on ApEn trend, various stages of
ISOTHERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL
multisite damages such as single & multiple crack initiation, stable crack FATIGUE
growth, accelerated crack growth, coalescence of cracks etc were BEHAVIOR OF NEAR TITANIUM ALLOY
discriminated.
E. Hari Krishna*, Kartik Prasad, Chandrakant Parlikar, D. K. Das,
Key Words: Riveted Joint, Fatigue, MSD, Approximate Entropy, Vikas Kumar
Acoustic Emission Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad – 500 058, India
harikrishnaede@gmail.com
References
1. Lee CH, Van Do VN, Chang KH. Analysis of uniaxial ratcheting
behavior and cyclic mean stress relaxation of a duplex stainless steel.
International Journal of Plasticity. 2014 Nov 1;62:17-33.
2. Arcari A, De Vita R, Dowling NE. Mean stress relaxation during cyclic
straining of high strength aluminum alloys. International journal of
fatigue. 2009 Nov 1;31(11-12):1742-50.
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SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session2A:CompositeMaterialsandStructures–II
Chairman:RejiJohn,AFRL,USA
SessionCoordinator:VivekKChandravanshi,DMRL
11061133 InvitedTalk:Applicationoflaserspallationtechniqueincomposites
RajeshKittey,IndianInstituteofTechnology,Kanpur
11451157 AnalyticalStudyoftheEffectsofDelaminationinGlareFibreMetalLaminateUsing
ModifiedVirtualCrackClosureTechnique(MVCCT)
H.GShashidharNaikandShubhaJavagal
VisvesvarayaTechnologicalUniversity,Karnataka
11571209 BlastresponseofHollowglass(Hglass)fibrereinforcedepoxymatrixcomposites
C.JayaramiReddy,B.Venkataramudu,K.GopinadhaReddy,G.SeshagiriRao,Rajesh
KumarandV.Madhu
DefenceMetallurgicalResearchLaboratory,Hyderabad
12211233 EffectofFillerFunctionalizationontheThermoMechanical7ehaviourof
PolypropyleneNanocomposites
VivekKhare,ShubhamSrivastava,SudhirKamleandG.M.Kamath
IndianInstituteofTechnologyKanpur
12571309 ThermalshockresistanceandstrengthofZrB2SiCcomposite
ManishPatelandVVBhanuPrasad
DefenceMetallurgicalResearchLaboratory,Hyderabad
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
APPLICATION OF LASER SPALLATION Displacement and contact stresses. Modified Virtual Crack Closure
Technique (MVCCT) is used to obtain the SERR values in all three
TECHNIQUE IN COMPOSITES modes of failure and their direct effect on the structural integrity of the
model is studied and reported.
R Kitey
Associate Professor
Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Kanpur
kitey@iitk.ac.in
BLAST RESPONSE OF HOLLOW GLASS (H-
Polymers and polymer composites have several engineering applications, GLASS) FIBRE REINFORCED EPOXY MATRIX
ranging from in sensors and miniaturized devices to automobile and COMPOSITES
aerospace structures. Besides ease of fabrication the layered structure of a
composite provides tremendous scope to tailor and optimize its in-plane C.Jayarami Reddy, B.Venkataramudu, K.Gopinadha Reddy,
and out-of-plane properties. Themo-mechanical loading during common G.Seshagiri Rao, Rajesh Kumar, V.Madhu
operating conditions often subjects the composite to delamination. Even Armour design and development Division, Defence Metallurgical
the reliability of adhesive bonded joints which unendingly feature in Research Laboratory, Hyderabad, India
composite structures is governed by the interfacial properties such as the Email: cjrreddy78@gmail.com
adhesion strength and the interfacial fracture toughness. While lap shear
and short beam shear tests are generally applied to quantify interface The studies on response of materials against explosive blast loads have
(shear) strength of bonded joints and composites, a commonly acceptable enormously increased in the recent years due to the increased blast
technique to measure normal interface strength in multilayer materials incidents across the globe. Few studies have been reported on the blast
system is yet to evolve due to the small out-of-plane dimension of performance of glass fibre reinforced composites. However, no studies
composites. Here we propose laser spallation method as a potential were reported on the response of the the H- glass fibre reinforced
technique to measure normal interlayer strength. composites against explosive blast loads.
The Laser spallation technique is non-contact method, specially used in The present paper focuses on an experimental investigation on the
past to measure the adhesion strength of submicron films. The method response of the H- glass/epoxy composite laminates against small scale
employs laser induced stress waves for dynamically loading the specimen explosive air blast loading. The explosive loading on 5mm thick
where the stress pulse with sharp temporal rise and fall times subject the composite laminates was generated by detonating plastic explosive at
substrate/film interface to a strain rate of the order of 107/sec. The laser 200mm and 300mm stand-off distances. The incident and reflected
fluence required to instigate the failure at substrate/film interface is pressures on the composite panels were recorded using piezo-electric
identified through optical microscopy. The interface strength is then pressure sensors. Multiple failure modes exhibited by the composite at
inferred from the combination of free surface displacement history, different loading conditions which include matrix cracking, fibre
recorded (in situ) by Michelson Interferometry, and computational wave breakage, delamination are also reported. The blast performance of the H-
propagation analysis. With appropriate modifications the laser spallation glass composite was compared with the performance of the solid glass
technique is extended to perform measurements in meso-scale fibre composites.
bimaterials. By quantifying Interface strength in metal/polymer,
metal/composite and composite/composite layers, the application of the Key words: H-glass, fibre reinforced composites, Air blast, failure
technique for adhesion measurements in large multilayer structures is mechanism.
demonstrated.
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SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
References:
M. Patel, et. al., Scripta Mater., 69 (2013) 370–73
M. Patel, et. al., J. Euro. Ceram. Soc., 32 (2012) 4455–67
D. E. Glass, AIAA 2011-2304
30
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session2B:StructuralIntegrityII
Chairman:RajDas,RMITUniversity,Australia
SessionCoordinator:AtulKumar,DMRL
11061133 InvitedTalk:MechanicalPropertiesofAdditivelyManufacturedCobaltandNickel
BasedSuperalloysusedinGasTurbineHotGasPathComponents
DheepaSrinivasan,Consultant,AdditiveTechnologiesandAdjunctFaculty,
IndianInstituteofTechnologyRopar
11451157 StructuralIntegritytestingonMALEUAVwingmodule
B.Siddappaji,SaugataTribedi,Rajagopal,V.Sarveswaran,V.Prabhakaranand
V.Ashokrangan
AeronauticalDevelopmentEstablishment,DRDO,Bangalore
11571209 TensiletestingofSingleFibres
RameshBabuAdusumalli,KarthikChethanVenkateshan,ChandrakalaKunchiand
R.Surya,Vadlamani
BITSPilani,Hyderabad
12211233 StructuralDamageAnalysisofExplosivetestingExperimentalBayusingHEXDAM
ModellingSoftware
S.ThalapathiRaj,SLSilanandVKDevgan
TerminalBallisticsResearchLaboratory,DRDO,Chandigarh
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
31
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
software. The structural damages to the experimental bay and the nearby
facilities are analysed in this paper when the building set up is subjected
to the explosive loading at the height of 1m. The over pressure data at
various points from the ground level to the height of 9m have been
generated in this modelling. The Outputs are in the form of Damage vs
injury tables, before and after blast displays, pressure and damage vs
injury contour plots and Damage, injury-versus-distance graphs.
Organizations like DRDO, Ordnance Factories, Armed forces and other
government agencies which are handling the explosives can benefit from
this explosion modeling in many different situations like during an
Explosive storage siting, renovation to explosive buildings, when
changing the quantity of explosive stored on site and recreation of
accidental explosion etc.,
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SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session2C:MechanicalBehaviourofLightAlloysandStructural
IntegrityIII
Chairman:AmitBhattacharjee,DMRL
SessionCoordinator:SSKalyanKamal,DMRL
11061133 InvitedTalk:MultiscaleModelingofFatigueCrackNucleationinTitaniumAlloys
PritamChakraborty,IndianInstituteofTechnology,Kanpur
11331145 Effectoftemperatureandcoolingratesonthe+morphologyofTi6Al4Valloy
AfrozShaikh,SantoshKumar,AshishDawari,ShreyasKirwai,AtulPatiland
RajkumarSingh
KalyaniCentreforTechnology&Innovation,BharatForgeLtd
11451157 HighStrainRatebehaviourofAluminiumproducedbyPowderMetallurgy
TulsiChouhan,HemantChouhanandManojSoni
IGDTUW,Delhi
12091221 StructuralintegrityofultrafinegrainAl3%Mgalloyunder dynamicloadingconditions
SChidambaram,SGiribaskar,GouthamaandP.Venkitnarayanan
NumaligarhRefineryLimited,India
12211233 TheTestSysteminthe‘InternetofThings’(IOT)
K.Ramesh,A.SomayyaandR.Sunder
BangaloreIntegratedSystemSolutionsPvt.Ltd,Bangalore
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Afroz Shaikh1, Santosh Kumar1, Ashish Dawari1, Shreyas Kirwai1, Atul STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY OF ULTRA-FINE
Patil1, Dr. Rajkumar Singh1 GRAIN Al-3%Mg ALLOY UNDER DYNAMIC
1
Kalyani Centre for Technology & Innovation, Bharat Forge Ltd, Pune- LOADING CONDITIONS
411036, Maharashtra, India
Email of corresponding author: Afroz.shaikh@bharatforge.com S Chidambarama, b, S Giribaskara, c, Gouthamad, P Venkitnarayanane
a
Former Graduate, Department of Materials and Metallurgical
Ti-6Al-4V is a dual phase (+) titanium alloy widely used in aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur
industry. Mechanical properties of a component strongly depend upon its b
Numaligarh Refinery Limited (A Group Company of Bharat Petroleum
microstructure and morphology. Desired mechanical properties can be Corporation Limited), India
achieved by the development of appropriate microstructure with the help c
Advance Forming Research Centre, University of Strathclyde Glass
of different heat treatments and deformation. In the present work, glow, United Kingdom
different microstructures obtained through different heat treatment d
Professor, Department of Material and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian
processes is studied and presented. A variety of morphologies of + Institute of Technology, Kanpur
microstructures were obtained by heating above and below transus e
Professor & Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian
temperature and cooling at different rates i.e. Water quench, air cool and Institute of Technology, Kanpur
furnace cool. Heating above transus and cooling with different rates Email of corresponding author: chidambaram.s@nrl.co.in
results into lamellar structure whereas a duplex microstructure was
obtained after heating below transus and cooling with different rates. A An increase in utilization of various material for constructing dynamic
lamellar structure with blocky acicular is obtained after heating above components and equipments has increased today. The high speed
transus followed by furnace cool upto temperature below transus and deformation mechanics was studied in various scale levels, especially in
cooling with different rates thereafter. micro and nano scales. Understanding the micromechanics using shock
waves had led to development of armour plates in military technology.
One dimensional elastic stress is applied using split Hopkinson pressure
bar for the ultra-fine grain aluminium samples and microstructural
evolution was discussed in detail. The material characterization of equi
channel pressing and its effect on stability of material after shock wave
testing is provided. It is observed that grain size of material steadily
decreases to obtain ultra-fine grain structure and by application of shock
waves, the grain size increases within material. The recovery, re-
crystallization and grain growth has observed in that shock tested samples
due to induced temperature during such shock testing. The existing
dislocation sub structure in pressed samples has been devoid after inertia
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SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
The effort proceeded in three steps. The first step was to enable ‘Test-by-
wire’ by rendering all the components amenable to programmable
activation. This demanded the replacement of all mechanical switches
and valves by devices that could be controlled and sensed through
electrical signals. The second step was to render the test system as a
‘virtual machine’ (VM), a dedicated area of sharable memory on the host
computer, that could be readily ‘cloned’ on client computer systems. The
third step involved implementing and testing the ‘Test-by-wire’
environment through a tablet serving as operator console on the load
frame, allowing the operator to exercise system control through a
convenient touch screen interface (Test-by-WiFi).
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SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session2D:Creepdeformation,damageandfracture
Chairman:AshokKoul,LPTi,Canada
SessionCoordinator:CMOmprakash,DMRL
11061133 InvitedTalk:Studyoffatigue,creepandfracture10ehaviourinanewlydeveloped
advancedausteniticstainlesssteelforstructuralintegrityevaluation
GuocaiChai,LinköpingUniversity,Sweden
11331145 Effectofstraingradientsonpowerlawcreepinbending
SyedIdreesAfzalJalali,PraveenKumarandVikramJayaram
IndianInstituteofScience,Bangalore
11451157 Assessmentofcreepdeformationandrupturebehaviourof304Hcuaustenitic
stainlesssteel
K.C.Sahoo,SunilGoyalandK.Laha
HomiBhabhaNationalInstitute,Mumbai
12091221 MicrostructurebasedcreepmodelforNibasedgammaprimestrengthened
Superalloys
AdarshShukla,RamkumarOruganti,SachinNalawade,SanketSarkarandSanjay
Sondhi
GEIndia,Bangalore
12211233 CreepstudiesofColdWorkedAusteniticStainlessSteel
HariKrishanYadav,A.R.Ballal,M.MThawreandV.D.Vijayanand
VisvesvarayaNationalInstituteofTechnology,Nagpur
12331245 ANumericalStudyofCreepCrackGrowthinanAeroengineTurbineDiscusing
XFEM
M.Kumar,V.B.Pandey,I.V.Singh,B.K.Mishra,S.Ahmad,A.V.RaoandVikas
Kumar
IndianInstituteofTechnologyRoorkee
12451257 Predictingnonsteadystatebendingcreepbehaviourusinguniaxialdata
PriyaGoel,PraveenKumarandVikramJayaram
IndianInstituteofScience,Bangalore
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
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SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Harikrishanyadav*1, a.r. ballal1, m.m thawre1 , and v.d. vijayanand2 Priya Goel, Praveen Kumar, Vikram Jayaram
1
Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560012
Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India – 440010 priyagoel@iisc.ac.in
2
Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic
Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India - 603102 Creep tests of cantilevers under bending offer a way to generate data
* Corresponding author Email: hkyadav.vnit@gmail.com from small samples without the need for gripping. The present work
explores the use of phenomenological constitutive models to predict non-
Ti modified 14Cr–15Ni austenitic stainless steel (SS) has been developed steady state bending creep behaviour from uniaxial data. While stresses in
for nuclear fuel clad and wrapper material forits superior creep strength such a test vary along the length and cross section of the beam, earlier
and better void swellingresistance during service. Cold working induces work has shown that under steady state creep, the stress exponents under
high dislocation network in the material. These dislocations interact with bending match well with uniaxial data, by invoking the assumption that
point defects,which are generated by neutron irradiation during service plane sections remain plane (i.e., strain remains linear across beam
and facilitate recombination to make the material more void swelling thickness) and that the stress re-distributes in accordance with the power
resistant. In present investigation, creep behavior of various cold worked law dependence between stress and strain rate. Thus, the loading- end
(up to 40%) samplesalong with mill annealedsampleswas studied. displacements result from a simple addition of the displacements of
Initially, the steel was solution treated at 1333 K for 30 minutes followed sections along the length. Under non-steady state conditions as prevail in
by cold rolling at room temperature. Uniaxial creep test was performed at the primary stage, the stress evolves with time. We use phenomenological
973 K for various stress levels.The effects of cold work as well as stress models that describe the full uniaxial creep equation to predict
on creep behavior have been studied in this investigation. Cold worked displacements under bending loads. The empirical relation suggested by
samples exhibitedbetter creep strength as compared to mill annealed Marin and Pao [1] captures transient stage behaviour along with steady
samples. During creep exposure at 973 K, material showedphenomena of state and considers stress distribution in bending with time. This relation
recovery and recrystallization due to prior cold working. This partial is used as the constitutive equation to model creep strain rate based on
recovery and recrystallization in material also depend upon the applied uniaxial tests. The constitutive equation is used to predict creep behaviour
stress and led to variation in creep strength of the material. Formation of under bending loads based on the algorithm proposed by Popov [2] which
laves phases during creep exposure also affected the creep life of relies upon the assumption that plane sections remain plane during creep.
material. Precipitation of carbides particles was seen to be accelerated at It is observed by comparison with experiment that this method is able to
the grain boundaries and this phenomenon was more prominently predict the bending behaviour not only in steady state but during the
observed in cold worked samples. primary stage as well.
References:
[1] Pao, Y. H. and Marin, J. (1951). Deflection and stresses in beams
A NUMERICAL STUDY OF CREEP CRACK subjected to bending and creep. American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, 52:APM-34
GROWTH IN AN AERO-ENGINE TURBINE DISC [2] Popov, E. P. (1949). Bending of beams with creep. Journal of Applied
USING XFEM Mechanics, 14:A-135.
M. Kumar#, V.B. Pandey#, I.V. Singh#, B.K. Mishra#, S. Ahmad$, A.V.
Rao$, Vikas Kumar$
#
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
Phone: 91-1332-285888, Fax: 91-1332-285665
$
Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, DRDO, Hyderabad, India
36
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session2E:DamageMechanics,ModellingandSimulation
Chairman:JeanLeopStrudel,France
SessionCoordinator:JalajKumar,DMRL
11061133 InvitedTalk:Themechanicsofevolutionofdamageinstructuralmaterials
SoumitraTarafder,CSIRNationalMetallurgicalLaboratory,Jamshedpur
11331145 AnAsynchronousIntegrationMethodforAcceleratedFiniteElementAnalysis
PratikSarkarandPritamChakraborty
IndianInstituteofTechnologyKanpur
11451157 Failureanalysisofwovencompositesusinghierarchicalapplicationofvariational
asymptoticmethodunitcellhomogenizationtechnique
RajeevG.Nair,TSundararajanandPJGuruprasad
DepartmentofAerospaceEngineering,IndianInstituteofTechnologyBombay
11571209 Analysis,ModelingandSimulationofAmbientCreepFatiguePhenomenoninTi6Al
4VAlloy:ADamageMechanicsApproach
JalajKumar,S.GaneshSundaraRamanandVikasKumar
DefenceMetallurgicalResearchLaboratory,Hyderabad
12091221 Newinsightsonthestressintensityfactorofedgenotchedclampedbendspecimen
BalilaNagamaniJayaandVikramJayaram
IndianInstituteofTechnologyBombay
12211233 Computationalgenerationoftheyieldsurfaces
MayankChoukseyandSumitBasu
IndianInstituteofTechnologyKanpur
12331245 Implementationofinternalstatevariablebasedmodelintofiniteelementcodeand
itsapplicabilitytostudythetensilebehaviouroftype316L(N)SSwithdifferent
notchradii
C.Praveen,J.Christopher,V.Ganesan,VaniShankarandB.K.Choudhary
IndiraGandhiCentreforAtomicResearch,Kalpakkam
12451257 EffectofAnnealingonStructuralIntegrityofCuFilledThroughSi
DipaliSonawaneandPraveenKumar
DepartmentofMaterialsEngineering,IndianInstituteofScience,Bangalore.
13091321 FiniteElementModelingandSimulationofProjectileImpactonDuctileTarget
SananHKhan,Md.QuaiyumAnsari,PuneetMahajanandShahnawazAhmad
IndianInstituteofTechnologyDelhi
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
THE MECHANICS OF EVOLUTION OF DAMAGE The accuracy and efficiency of the method is investigated for both 1d and
2d problems with elastic-viscoplastic material behavior. In the 1d
IN STRUCTURAL MATERIALS problem, a tapered bar is deformed by pulling one of the ends with
constant displacement rate. Plastic strain localizes at the narrow area
Soumitra Tarafder while the wider region remains nearly elastic. The asynchronous method
Chief Scientist when applied to this problem clearly demonstrates its accuracy and time
CSIR- National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur 831 007, INDIA advantage. In the 2d problem, a power law plastic flow rate with J2 flow
star@nmlindia.org potential is used for a notched plate uniaxially pulled on the top. From a
comparison of the asynchronous integration with standard FEM it can be
It is important that the evolution of damage in engineering structural seen that at low levels of applied displacements, when the viscoplastic
materials be understood well so that their destruction is preventable. It is region is contained with the subdomain, the proposed method gives
essential to state that damage results in deterioration of materials and significant speed up. However, as the viscoplastic region spreads to the
leads to failure, disintegration or fracture. other domain, a reduction in efficiency happens.
Damage in materials subjected to overloads or cyclic loading may be
characterized in terms of fractographic or microstructural features. It may
be comprehended and quantified at an appropriate length scale, usually at
micro- or meso- level. Often however, the progression of damage under FAILURE ANALYSIS OF WOVEN COMPOSITES
specific types of loading, e.g. under torsional, seismic or high rate of
deformation, is of primary interest. The role of specific microstructural
USING HIERARCHICAL APPLICATION OF
constituents in promoting or preventing the accumulation of damage is VARIATIONAL ASYMPTOTIC METHOD UNIT
another aspect that frequently requires elucidation. Some of these CELL HOMOGENIZATION TECHNIQUE
premises are exemplified in this talk to highlight the mechanics behind
the evolution of damage in metallic materials. Rajeev G. Naira,b, T. Sundararajanb, P. J. Guruprasada
In order to understand the process through which damage is incorporated a
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
in a material due to the imposition of mechanical factors, it is instructive Bombay, India
to trace the concatenation of events at the microstructural level that lead b
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Indian Space Research Organization,
to amalgamation of defects responsible for the appearance of mesoscopic India
flaws, which in turn propagate to ultimately result in fracture. The Email of corresponding author: pjguru@aero.iitb.ac.in
recognition that the whole chain of events is a continuous process helps
in comprehending why and how correlations exists between various When variational asymptotic method (VAM) is used for the
points in this chain. A number of specific damage processes will be homogenization of a periodic heterogeneous material, it not only
presented to underscore the existence of such correlations. provides the effective properties but also has the capability to relate
An elegant process to visualize, and predict, the development of damage macro-fields with micro-fields through recovery relations. Recovery
in materials is through modeling of the deformation behaviour of material relations can be used to determine the components of stress on the
microstructures. Modeling thus becomes a powerful tool to represent the constituent phases in a hierarchical framework. In this paper, VAM is
progression of damage. While scale-hopping realistic models to portray used in two stages/steps to carry out the stress analysis of woven
damage from atomistic to component levels are yet far away, substantial composite till failure. The analysis is carried out to predict the strength of
progress has taken place to enhance multiscalarity of concepts and woven composites. The first stage is the determination of homogenized
conclusions. However the assumptions inherent in such models and properties for the resin impregnated yarn bundle. This stage also provides
difficulties in experimentally obtaining model parameters, together with recovery relation between yarn bundle and its constituents - the fibre and
the computational prowess necessary, often make results and predictions matrix. In the second stage, VAM is used in 3D to homogenize the woven
unattainable or inconclusive and unreliable. composite representative unit cell (RUC), where the homogenized
properties for the yarn bundle from the first stage is used. Here again, the
There are of course hybrid variants that are able to capture the overall recovery relation is obtained between the woven RUC and its constituents
behaviour of the material without incorporating some of the finer details, - yarn bundle and pure matrix. Once the constituent stress is available, a
and to a great extent help visualize the evolution of damage in material micro-mechanics based damage model is used to determine the extent of
microstructures and predict their behaviour at an engineering scale. damage in the constituent phases which is expressed by a damage factor.
Instances of application of such models will be discussed. This damage factor in the constituent phases are volume averaged to
The overall domain of material mechanics is vast. The scope and arrive at the homogenized
potential of the mechanics of damage evolution in materials will be damage factor for higher level in
highlighted in the talk. the hierarchy. The analysis is
carried out in multiple load steps
increasing from zero to higher
loads till the complete failure of
AN ASYNCHRONOUS INTEGRATION METHOD RUC occurs. At each load steps
FOR ACCELERATED FINITE ELEMENT the stiffness of the constituent
ANALYSIS phases are factored based on the
damage factor. The analysis
Pratik Sarkar, Dr. Pritam Chakraborty results in a non-linear stress
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Department of Aerospace strain curve indicating the failure
Engineering behavior of woven composite. In
pratikj@iitk.ac.in, cpritam@iitk.ac.in this paper stress analysis procedure mentioned above is carried out on
woven composite problems available in literature. The results obtained
Heterogeneity in geometry, material and loading can lead to localization from the analysis validates the effectiveness of hierarchical application of
of state such as stress, and, plastic flow. Such localization can massively VAM to predict the strength of woven composites. Parametric study on
impact the speed of Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation owing to the composite is carried out to understand the failure behavior of woven
the need for very low critical time step to ensure convergence. composite.
Asynchronous integration considering multiple domain with different
time steps and constrained interfaces can alleviate this problem by
considerably reducing the clock time of simulation. However, the
accuracy of the solution is strongly influenced by the interface constraint
condition, sub-domain selection and degree of asynchronicity. In the
present work, a method of asynchronous integration incorporating the
balance of power at the interface between the subdomains is proposed.
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SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
ANALYSIS, MODELING AND SIMULATION OF systems and their application in determination of R-curve behavior,
cyclic loading response, and in pre-cracking will also be shared [3-5].
AMBIENT CREEP-FATIGUE PHENOMENON IN
Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY: A DAMAGE MECHANICS References
APPROACH [1] B. N. Jaya, V. Jayaram, and S.K. Biswas, A new method for fracture
toughness determination of graded (Pt,Ni)Al bond coats by
Jalaj Kumar*, @, S. Ganesh Sundara Raman# and Vikas Kumar* microbeam bend tests, Philos. Mag. 92, 2012, p. 3326.
*Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad-500058 [2] B.N. Jaya and V. Jayaram, Crack stability in edge notched clamped
#
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, IIT Madras, beam specimen under bending: modeling and experiments, Int. J.
Chennai-600036 Fract. 188, 2014, p. 213.
@
Corresponding author: jalaj@dmrl.drdo.in, k_jalaj@yahoo.com Phone: [3] E. Hintsala, D. Kiener, J. Jackson and W. W. Gerberich, In-Situ
+914024586469 Fax: +914024340266 Measurements of Free-Standing, Ultra-Thin Film Cracking in
Bending, Exp. Mech. 55, 2015, p. 1681.
In the present study, Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been characterized for ambient [4] Y. Hu, J. Huang and J. Zuo, In situ characterization of fracture
fatigue, creep and creep-fatigue loading conditions using online IR- toughness and dynamics of nanocrystalline titanium nitride films,
thermography (IRT), EBSD and SEM based analysis. Thermal signatures J.Mater. Res.31, 2016, p. 370.
during pure fatigue and creep-fatigue loading conditions are captured [5] B. N. Jaya and V. Jayaram, Fracture testing at small length scales:
using IRT. Thermodynamic modeling has been performed on the From plasticity in Si to brittleness in Pt, JOM. 68, 2016, p. 94
experimentally evaluated IRT data to evaluate total stored energy
consisting of damage energy (due to voids and microcracks) and
deformation energy (due to dislocations). The deformation energy is COMPUTATIONAL GENERATION OF THE YIELD
estimated through EBSD analysis. Subsequently, the evolving damage
and deformation induced by creep and fatigue loading have been modeled
SURFACES
as functions of applied stress and cumulative plastic strain, separately. By
using the data of experimental creep stress and fatigue strain for each Mayank Chouksey, Sumit Basu
creep-fatigue cycle, the individual contributions of creep and fatigue Indian institute of technology, Kanpur
damage energies have been estimated for creep-fatigue interaction. mayankc@iitk.ac.in
Fatigue and creep damage parameters have been proposed based on the
damage mechanics concepts. Damage evolution has been simulated at Ductile fracture in metals proceeds through nucleation, growth and
different length scales – microstructure, specimen and component level. coalescence of microvoids. Determination of the yield surface of a ductile
Overall, the damage mechanics based modeling has been found to be porous material is necessary to simulate onset and evolution of ductile
very effective not only for simulations at various length scales but also in damage in a metal. Since the early work by Gurson [1] where yield
mapping critical damage locations. function for concentric spherical void inside a spherical RVE was
considered, several extensions have emerged. It has been shown that the
Keywords: Creep-fatigue; damage mechanics; Ti-4Al-4V alloy void shape [2] and anisotropy of the bulk matrix [3] modify the yield
function significantly. All these predictions of yield rely on limit analysis
of the RVE based on the upper bound theorem and Hill-Mandal
homogenization. These models have not accounted for onset of yield
through localization of plastic strain.
NEW INSIGHTS ON THE STRESS INTENSITY Recently [4] has looked at the competition between localization and
FACTOR OF EDGE NOTCHED CLAMPED BEND uniform yield via the Gurson model. We have extended this work by
SPECIMEN performing stress controlled computational homogenization over sub-
spaces of the principal stress space, to probe the yield surface of perfectly
Balila Nagamani Jaya1* and Vikram Jayaram2 plastic materials with different void shapes. Following [5], a special four-
1
Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian noded user element is developed in ABAQUS, that, is tied to a RVE with
Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400072, India periodic boundary condition, restrained rigid body rotation and subjected
2
Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, to either macroscopic deformation gradient or Cauchy stress. The
Bangalore-560012, India macroscopic plastic dissipation rate is monitored to detect yield. As a
*Email: jayabalila@iitb.ac.in result, yield due to both uniform plastic deformation and localization are
captured. We have compared the results of our computationally
The edge-notched clamped bend (ENCB) specimen was first developed determined yield surfaces with the theoretical upper bound estimates in
as a fracture testing geometry primarily for studying micro-scale fracture [1-2,4]. We show that over a significant section of the principal stress
behavior in thin films and coatings [1-2] which could not directly adopt sub-space, localization modifies the yield surface. It is shown that the
the conventional single edge notch bending (SENB) under 3 point load. plane of localization changes with the void shape. Associativity of the
Its extension to macro-scale fracture tests is facilitated by its unusual numerically generated yield surfaces are also verified. The yield surface,
stability against catastrophic fracture, even under load control (Fig 1 a-b). even for spherical voids and more so far prolate and oblate ones depends
Extended finite element simulations (XFEM) were carried out to on the imposed triaxiality and Lode angle.
understand this behavior. Compared to a SENB specimen, which shows a
monotonic increase in stress intensity factor (KI) with increasing crack References
length (a/W) (Fig 1 c), the ENCB displays a maxima in the KI vs a/W [1] Gurson, Arthur L., “Continuum theory of ductile rupture by void
curve (Fig 1 b, d), indicating a possible range of a/W ratios for which nucleation and growth: Part I Yield criteria and flow rules for porous
crack can grow ductile media”, Journal of engineering materials and technology,
99(1):2-15, (1977).
stably even in materials which exhibit ideal brittle behavior. More [2] Gologanu, M., Leblond, J.B., Perrin, G. and Devaux, J., “Recent
importantly, this stability is a function of the aspect ratio (L/W) of the extensions of Gursons model for porous ductile metals”, Continuum
beam, with a thicker beam being more stable than a slender one. micromechanics, Springer Vienna, (1997).
Therefore the formulation for KI of ENCB specimen is given by eq 1. [3] Keralavarma, S.M. and Benzerga, A.A., “A constitutive model for
ୟ plastically anisotropic solids with non-spherical voids”, Journal of
୍ ൌ మ ξ ቀ ቁ ቀ ቁ (1)
the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 58(6):874-901, (2010).
[4] Keralavarma, S.M. and Chockalingam, S. “A criterion for void
Analytical solutions forKI ofENCB geometrywill be presented for a wide coalescence in anisotropic ductile materials”, International Journal of
range of useful specimen sizes and loads obtained by fitting the numerical Plasticity, 82:159-176, (2016).
solutions from FEM calculations. Advantages of different specimen size [5] Schmidt, Ingo, “Numerical homogenization of an elasto-plastic
ratios will be discussed as guidelines for future users of this geometry. In model-material with large elastic strains: macroscopic yield surfaces
the talk, experimental validation of fracture toughness on various material and the Eulerian normality rule”, Computational Mechanics,
48(5):579-590, (2011).
38
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNAL-STATE- be inferred from numerical analysis and experimental observations that
the locations of high stress concentration at the interface between Cu and
VARIABLE BASED MODEL INTO FINITE Si acted as the critical points of crack initiation, which eventually resulted
ELEMENT CODE AND ITS APPLICABILITY TO in cracks propagation and hence failure of the device.
STUDY THE TENSILE BEHAVIOUR OF TYPE
316L(N) SS WITH DIFFERENT NOTCH RADII Keywords: Thermal excursions; Cu-Si interface; Fracture; XFEM
39
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session2F:Ceramics,CompositesandFunctionalMaterials
Chairman:TKNandy,DMRL
SessionCoordinator:GPrabhu,DMRL
11061133 InvitedTalk:StructuralIntegrityofZrB2SiCbasedultrahightemperatureceramic
compositesathightemperaturesandextremeenvironments
RahulMitra,IndianInstituteofTechnology,Kharagpur
11451157 BucklingandvibrationsofFGMcircularplatesinthermalenvironment
RahulSaini,ShivamSaini,RoshanLalandIndraVirSingh
IndianInstituteofTechnologyRoorkee
12091221 StudyontheLowandHighStrainRateBehaviorofFumedNanoSilicaDispersions
NeelanchaliAsija,HemantChouhan,AishaAhmed,KartikeyaandNaresh
Bhatnagar
IndianInstituteofTechnologyDelhi
12331245 FractureBehaviourofpAramidandUltraHighMolecularWeightPolyethylene
BasedHybridComposite
ArunKumarSingh,DharmendraKumarShuklaandNEswaraPrasad
DefenceMaterials&StoresRes&DevEstablishment,Kanpur
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY OF ZrB2-SiC BASED STUDY ON THE LOW AND HIGH STRAIN RATE
ULTRAHIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMIC BEHAVIOR OF FUMED NANO SILICA
COMPOSITES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES AND DISPERSIONS
EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS
Neelanchali Asija, Hemant Chouhan, Aisha Ahmed, Kartikeya, Naresh
Bhatnagar
R Mitra, M Mallik and S Kashyap
Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology
Professor and Head,
Delhi, Hauz Khas,
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, IIT Kharagpur
New Delhi -110016, India
rahul@metal.iitkgp.ernet.in
Email: neelanchaliasija@gmail.com
Ultra-high temperature ceramic (UHTC) composites are considered as
Shear Thickening Fluids (STFs) are a special class of field responsive
candidate materials for use in leading edges and nose-cones of re-entry
non-Newtonian fluids which exhibit transition from low viscosity to high
vehicles. Structural integrity of ZrB2-SiC based UHTC composites have
viscosity state when they are subjected to shearing deformation above the
been investigated under creep, oxidation, thermal shock and ablative
critical shear rate (CSR). Due to this unique characteristic of STFs, these
conditions at elevated temperatures. The ZrB2-SiC composites for this
have found application in ballistics, especially in the development of
study have been processed by pressure-less sintering, spark-plasma
special class of body armors called Liquid Body Armors (LBAs) which
sintering or hot-pressing. Creep studies in the temperature range of 1300-
are lighter in weight and more flexible as compared to conventional
1425 oC have shown stress exponent of |1, indicating grain boundary
heavy armours. Fumed silica (FS) is a rheologically significant material
sliding accommodated partially by oxygen diffusion (<1400 oC) or visco-
as it is a well known viscosity modifier owing to its fractal structure, and
plastic flow in the intergranular glassy film as the operating mechanism is generally used in paints, coatings, sealants, printing inks etc. In this
of damage. The creep resistance of these composites is found to scale
study, two different grades of FS (A-130 and A-150) were used for the
with SiC content. The oxidation resistance is found to improve with
synthesis of STFs. The low strain rate studies were conducted on cone
addition of Si3N4 or LaB6 to the ZrB2-SiC composites, but the creep and plate rheometer and high strain rate experiments were accomplished
resistance is adversely affected. The resistance to oxidation in ZrB2-SiC
on split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) set up. The colloidal dispersions
and ZrB2-SiC-Si3N4 composites is ensured by formation of B2O3-SiO2
in PPG-400 (Poly Propylene Glycol 400) were synthesized using
scale. In the ZrB2-SiC-LaB6 composites, formation of refractory layers of ultrasonic homogenization technique. From the experiments it was
La-Zirconate and La-Silicate has been observed. Thermal shock
observed that A-150 fumed silica dispersion exhibited highest severity in
resistance has been examined by subjecting these composites to 800,
shear thickening, in the low strain rate domain, whereas A-130 fumed
1000 or 1200 oC followed by air-cooling, and the damage has been silica dispersion exhibited highest specimen stress and compressional
quantified by examining the decrease in Young’s modulus, hardness and
strain rate under high strain rate dynamic compressive loading. Thus, it
indentation fracture toughness. Ablation tests were carried out by
can be inferred that the same material may exhibit different behaviors in
exposing the composites to neutral oxy-acetylene flame at 2000 oC for the low and high strain rate regimes. Therefore, both the studies play a
durations up to 15 minutes, followed by measurement of above-
vital role to completely characterize the material, especially when the
mentioned properties and mass-changes. For composites with various SiC
material has to be subjected to ballistic applications.
volume fractions, most optimum properties were found for 20 vol.% SiC.
Further, addition of 20 vol.% ZrC is found to enhance thermal shock and
ablation resistance. The mechanisms responsible for aforementioned
behavior will be discussed.
40
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
composite are prepared and the same are studied in detail for their
interlaminar fracture toughness. In the present study, a finite notch radius
that varied from 110 – 750 μm is employed. The fracture
toughness/resistance (KQ) of the material has been evaluated and
analyzed by investigating the inuence of varying notch root radii. The
results obtained from the analysis show that the critical notch root radius
of the hybrid composite is around 340 μm. The load displacement data of
three point bend test with varied crack length are used to evaluate plain
strain fracture toughness (K1c). The K1c has been found 1.5 MPam for
the KQ values derived from specimens with a/W of 0.45-0.55. It is
observed that the fracture mechanism which is responsible for fracture
toughness in hybrid composite is fiber pull out due to weak adhesion
between fabric and matrix.
41
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session3A:StructuralIntegrityIII
Chairman:VMadhu,DMRL
SessionCoordinator:BidyapatiMishra,DMRL
16301657 InvitedTalk:StructuralHealthMonitoringofRocketMotorCasingsbyAcoustic
EmissionTesting
MRMBabu,AdvancedSystemsLaboratory,Hyderabad
16571709 DevelopmentofHighImpactPolycarbonateBasedNanocompositesforBody
Armours&TheirHighStrainRateCharacterisation
AishaAhmed,NeelanchaliAsijaandNareshBhatnagar
IndianInstituteofTechnologyDelhi
17091721 DevelopmentofMountingBracketforCCSelectronicunitofArmouredFighting
Vehicle
N.Venkateswaran,S.SenthurNathanandR.Vinobakrishnan
CombatVehiclesResearchandDevelopmentEstablishment,DRDO,Chennai
17331745 FiniteElementSimulationofArmorSteelusedforBlastProtection
Kartikeya,SanjayPrasadandNareshBhatnagar
IndianInstituteofTechnologyDelhi
17571809 MicroStructuralCharacterizationofCF8CAlloyandItsEffectonTensileProperties
atVariousTemperatures
NeetaPaulose,AnuradhaNayakMajila,D.ChandruFernandoandParthasarathi
Hans
GasTurbineResearchEstablishment,DRDO,Bangalore
18091821 SynthesisandCharacterizationofSubmicronSizedTungstenHeavyAlloycompacts
ProcessedthroughSparkPlasmaSinteringTechnique
S.S.KalyanKamal,J.Vimala,BhaskarMajumdarandL.Durai
DefenceMetallurgicalResearchLaboratory,Hyderabad
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Aisha Ahmed, Neelanchali Asija & Naresh Bhatnagar* Kartikeya, Sanjay Prasad, Naresh Bhatnagar
Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India. Email of corresponding author: nareshb@iitd.ac.in
*nareshb@mech.iitd.ac.in
Safety of defense and paramilitary operators in hostile environments can
The present-day sophisticated warfare ammunitions urge the need for be ensured by using ballistic materials. Various destructive and non-
better energy absorbing lightweight solutions for body armours. destructive techniques are available for characterizing ballistic materials
Therefore, advanced composite materials are the key materials to cater to and performance of respective products but they can be expensive and
the requirements of body armours. The purpose of this work is to study protracted. Finite Element method (FEM) is useful in these situation as it
the applicability of the Polycarbonate (PC) based blends and can be used during design phase to determine critical design sections and
nanocomposites as a backing matrix for ceramics in ballistic applications material performance in products. This study focuses on FE simulation of
depending upon their high strain rate behaviour. PC is an important Weldox armor steel used for blast protection in anti-land mine vehicles
engineering thermoplastic polymer and is widely used as a layered using CONWEP method to simulate blast. Plate is modeled as
composite in transparent armour. Owing to its complex chemical deformable solid with Johnson-Cook plasticity. Parametric study is
structure it has inherently high impact strength. PC, when blended with performed to determine appropriate element size. Results of numerical
Ethylene-methyl acrylate (EMA) copolymer reduces its notch sensitivity simulation were validated from results of experiments published earlier
(for its use in body armours) and improves notched impact strength along by various researchers. A laminated steel plate of varying thicknesses is
with fracture toughness at high strain rates with a minimal decrease in used to assess blast protection as against monolithic armor plate.
tensile strength. Further, PC/EMA blend was compounded with multi- Numerical simulation showed that laminated steel plates performed better
walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using co-rotating twin screw than monolithic armor steel plates.
extruder. Dynamic mechanical experiments have been performed using
in-house fabricated Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) on all prepared
PC blends and their MWCNTs reinforced composites. The maximum
stress value achieved for the neat PC is 290.71 MPa at the limiting strain
rate of about 8519.61 s-1, which is increased to 154% and 124.5% at
13252.88 s-1 and 11514.66 s-1 strain rates for PC/EMA blends with and
without MWCNT reinforcement, respectively. The blending of EMA
showed a remarkable improvement in fracture toughness at high strain
rates, which is further increased in MWCNTs reinforced nanocomposites.
42
SeccondInterna
ationalStructturalIntegrittyConferencce&Exhibitio 018) PROCEEDING
on(SICE– 20 GS
Keyy word: Austenitiic stainless steel, Gas Turbine enggine, casting, CF 8C,
feerrite, Tensile testting
SY
YNTHESIS AND
A CHARA
ACTERIZATIION OF
SU
UBMICRON SIZED TUNGSTEN HEA
AVY ALLOY
Y
CO
OMPACTS- PROCESSED
P D THROUGH
H SPARK
PL
LASMA SINT
TERING TEC
CHNIQUE
A submicron
s sized tungsten
t heavy alloy
a with a nom
minal compositionn of
W-990 wt%, Ni-7 wt% and Fe-3 wt% % has been syntheesized by coatingg Ni
andd Fe using a moddified polyol proccess on W nanoppowders (NPs). The T
proccess allows us too precisely control the chemical composition andd its
hom mogeneous distribbution. The Ni-F Fe coated W poowders were furtther
usedd to form comppacts in a spark plasma sinteringg equipment, whhich
alloowed us to retaiin the W grain size to submicrron size even after
sinttering. The microstructure revealed that the W-W W interactionn is
resttricted through a matrix interface of Ni-Fe coated on the W particles.
Thee average grain size
s of W particlles is 900 nm ± 50 nm as shownn in
figuure 1. This is a novel
n approach too attain WHA saamples with unifoorm
miccrostructure withoout employing liiquid phase sinteering. The chemiical
commposition and EDS E spectra reevealed a homoogeneous chemiical
commposition. XRD shows
s the presencce of only W andd matrix peaks. Bulk
B
harddness measuremeents revealed a uniform
u hardnesss of 430 ± 20 VH HN
acrooss the sample.
43
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session3B:MaterialsDevelopment
Chairman:AKMukhopadhyay,DMRL
SessionCoordinator:RajnishGoyel,DMRL
16301657 InvitedTalk:TowardsSelfrelianceinHighTemperatureMaterialsforIndianSpace
Programme
SharadChandraSharma,VikramSarabhaiSpaceCentre,Trivandrum
16571709 Influenceofniobiummicroalloyingonthemicrostructureandmechanicalproperties
ofhighcarbonnanobainiticsteel
PPonguruSenthil,KSudhakaraRao,HillolKumarNandi,SurajKumar,SSankaran,
KSivaKumarandVemuriMadhu
DefenceMetallurgicalResearchLaboratory,Hyderabad
17091721 HotIsostaticProcessingofHighTemperatureMaterials:Challenges
G.AppaRao,B.SreenuandDVV.Satyanarayana
DefenceMetallurgicalResearchLaboratory,Hyderabad
17211733 EffectofadditionofFlyashandAl2O3particlesonmechanicalandtribological
behaviorofAlMMCatvaryingload,timeandspeed
VikasVerma,P.C.Tewari,RoshanZameerAhamedandSyedTouseefAhmed
LORDSInstituteofEngineeringandTechnology,Hyderabad
17331745 Effectoftemperingtemperatureandtimeonmicrostructureandmechanical
propertiesof26MnB5martensiticsteeltubes
SUshaRaniandMPreethi
TubeInvestmentsofIndiaLtd,Chennai
17451757 MicromechanicalAnalysisofEffectofMorphologyofGraphiteinCastIron
UjjalTewary,AlankarAlankar,GoutamMohapatra,ShyamprasadKaragaddeand
I.Samajdar
JohnDeereIndiaPvt.Ltd.Pune
17571809 ModellingandexperimentalverificationofaCircularDEA
ArpitSrivastavaandSumitBasu
IndianInstituteofTechnologyKanpur
18211833 Effectofhygrothermalagingontheinterlaminarshearstrengthofacarbonfiber
composite
KishoraShetty,ShylajaSrihariandCMManjunatha
CSIRNAL,Bangalore
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
44
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE AND high electric fields in thin, membrane-like structures, large actuation has
been achieved. Moreover, the theoretical framework for electro-
TIME ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND hyperelasticity of these materials has also been established3. But long
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES time durability of these devices, is still a matter of concern. The concern
OF 26MnB5 MARTENSITIC STEEL TUBES arises primarily from the fact that these soft elastomers not only
physically age with time, but are also highly rate dependent. We have
S Usha Rani, M Preethi used an equi-biaxially pre-stretched circular dielectric elastomer
Corporate Technology Center, Tube Investment of India Ltd, Chennai- membrane attached to a rigid frame with a load hung at the center to
600 054, India demonstrate the effects of viscoelasticity. The membrane is then loaded
usharani1011@gmail.com with oscillating voltage and the motion of the center of the membrane is
tracked with a laser displacement sensor, over many time periods.
Anti-roll bar, sway or stabilizer bar, is a part of automobile suspension
system. It connects the right and left of the vehicle during turning and As the membrane is taken through a large number of cycles, the response
resists swaying of the vehicle in sharp curves or road irregularities. This slowly drifts. For a very soft elastomer like VHB, the drift can be
tubular component undergoes fatigue failure during service. In the current sometimes discerned in as few as 20-30 cycles of operation. To model the
paper, the effect of tempering temperature and tempering time on fatigue deformation and the drift with time, a coupled electrostatic, visco-
properties of 26MnB5 steel is discussed. The electric resistance welded hyperelastic large deformation model for the elastomer has been
(ERW) tubes made of 26MnB5 were hardened above Ac3 temperature in incorporated into an explicit Finite Element framework. The response of
a sealed quench furnace. The tempering is done at 400°C, 450°C, 500°C the elastomer (VHB in our case) under pure oscillating mechanical loads
for 15, 30 and 60 minutes. The microstructure and the mechanical (in a dynamic mechanical analyzer MetraviaB DMA+100), as well as
properties have been analyzed by means of optical microscopy, hardness under quasi-static uniaxial loading have been tested and calibrated using
testing and, tensile tests. The tubes were then bent to shape and tested for a Prony series and the Ogden model respectively. Further, the variation of
fatigue. In this paper, the effect of tempering temperature and tempering the electric permittivity of the material with equi-biaxial prestretch has
time on microstructure and mechanical properties are discussed and been calibrated using a dielectric spectroscope (Broadband Spectroscopy,
compared with the fatigue properties of the component. Novacontrol Technologies, Germany). Incorporating the experimental
data into our finite deformation electro-visco-hyperelastic model, we
Key words: 26MnB5; Tempering temperature; electric resistance welded have been able to reproduce the experimental response of the VHB
tube; martensite; anti roll bars; fatigue membrane fixed to a rigid frame very accurately. In particular, we have
been able to capture the drift in the response with time and identified a
threshold frequency of operation below which this drift is minimal.
Though the modelling has been verified for VHB only, the framework is
general enough to be used to assess the effectiveness of any dielectric
MICROMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF EFFECT OF elastomeric material, used as a membrane under any three dimensional
MORPHOLOGY OF GRAPHITE IN CAST IRON electro-mechanically loaded configuration. We are in the process of
evaluating a number of such materials and configurations.
Ujjal Tewary1,*, Alankar Alankar2, Goutam Mohapatra1, Shyamprasad
Karagadde2, I Samajdar3 References
1
Asia Technology Innovation Center, John Deere India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, R. Pelrine, R. Kornbluh, Q. Pei, J. Joseph, High-speed electrically
India actuated elastomers with strain greater than 100 percent Science 287,
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology 836–839 (2000).
Bombay, Mumbai, India Brochu, P. and Pei, Q. (2010), Advances in Dielectric Elastomers for
3
Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Actuators and Artificial Muscles. Macromol. Rapid Commun.,31: 10–36.
Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India doi:10.1002/marc.200900425.
*Corresponding author, email: ujjaltewary@gmail.com McMeeking RM, Landis CM. Electrostatic forces and stored energy for
deformable dielectric materials. Journal of Applied Mechanics. 2005 Jul
Cast iron exhibits its various mechanical properties because of its matrix 1;72(4):581-90.
and second phase graphite precipitate. The size and morphology of Suo Z.,Theory of dielectric elastomers, Acta Mech. Solida Sin., 23
graphite and its inherent interaction with matrix has profound effect on (2010), pp. 549-578.
itsmechanical response. In the present work, crystal plasticity finite
element (CPFE) modeling technique is used to analyze the effect of
various morphology of graphite and its interaction with matrix
microstructure to predict the mechanical response of cast iron. The EFFECT OF HYGROTHERMAL AGING ON THE
framework is based on the visco-plastic self-consistentpolycrystal
plasticity with a dislocation density-based law used to describe
INTERLAMINAR SHEAR STRENGTH OF A
dislocation hardening. The elastic-plastic deformation of multiphase CARBON FIBER COMPOSITE
aggregate and its mechanical response under uniaxial loading condition
are investigated. Local stress-strain map, texture evolution and Kishora Shetty1, Shylaja Srihari2, CM Manjunatha3
1
macroscopic stress-strain response because of various morphology of Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-NAL, Bangalore -
graphite are analyzed. 560017, India
2
CSMST, 3STTD, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratoires, Bangalore -
560017, India
Email of corresponding author: kishora_shetty@yahoo.com
MODELLING AND EXPERIMENTAL
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) composites are used many
VERIFICATION OF A CIRCULAR DEA applications in aerospace structures due to their high specific strength and
stiffness. Composite aircraft structures are usually exposed to a range of
Arpit Srivastava and Sumit Basu environmental conditions such as hygrothermal, UV radiation, chemical
Department of Mechanical Engineering environments, biological condition etc., in their service life and may
Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India. degrade. Moisture absorption at different hygrothermal conditions and its
E-mail: arpitks@iitk.ac.in, sbasu@iitk.ac.in effects on properties of CFRP composites is a useful parameter to
designers and application engineers.
Soft dielectric elastomers, with very low stiffness and high permittivity
and electric breakdown strength, hold promise as candidate materials for In this study, UD carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates were fabricated
a variety of applications including, in energy harvesting, as actuators1 and (HexPly® M21E/34%/UD/194/IMA) from prepreg using standard
biological muscles2. As actuators in particular, a number of applications autoclave process. ILSS test specimens were cut and prepared from
have emerged where, utilising coupled electro-hyperelasticity under very theses laminates. Hot-wet specimens were aged at two different
45
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
46
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session3C:LifeExtensionofAeroengineComponents&Structures
andStructuralIntegrityIV
Chairman:RKSatpathy,DMRL
SessionCoordinator:MPhaniSuryaKiran,DMRL
16301657 InvitedLecture:RemainingLifeAssessmentofAeroEngineComponentsDMRL’s
PerspectivesandExperience
AVenugopalRao,DMRL
17091721 LifeExtensionofUAVs:ACaseStudyofIndianUAVs
ManuJain,SRajashekar,VSubramanian,VMaharajanandVAshokRangan
AeronauticalDevelopmentEstablishment,DRDO,Bangalore
17331745 PhysicalManifestationofa90/95inRemnantLifeRevisionStudiesofAeroengine
Components
VamsiKrishnaRentala,PhaniMylavarapu,J.P.Gautam,Gp.Capt.B.V.N.Shiva,
KGopinathandVikasKumar
UniversityofHyderabad,Hyderabad
17451757 StructuralIntegrityAnalysisandLifeEstimationofTurbineRotorUsingVibration
SignatureasaTool
ShahnawazAhmad,AdityaSuman,NSVyas,BVNShiva,AVenugopalRao,DVV
SatyanarayanaandVikasKumar
DefenceMetallurgicalResearchLaboratory,Hyderabad
17571809 DynamicLoadCalibrationofaFatigueTestSystem
N.Shivakumar,A.SomayyaandR.Sunder
BangaloreIntegratedSystemSolutionsPvt.Ltd,Bangalore
18091821 Developmentofadirectcurrentpotentialdropsystemformeasurementof
specimencrackgrowthmeasurement
D.Rohit,H.Mahesh,Ramesh,M.MuraliandR.Sunder
BangaloreIntegratedSystemSolutionsPvt.Ltd.,Bangalore
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
47
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
48
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session3D:Corrosion,EnvironmenteffectsonMechanicalBehaviour
andSIV
Chairman:IGurrappa,DMRL
SessionCoordinator:SNSahu,DMRL
16301657 InvitedTalk:Grainsizeandgrainsizedistributioneffectsonthecorrosionbehavior
ofmaterials
SrikantGollapudi,IndianInstituteofTechnology,Bhubaneswar
17091721 Numericalandexperimentalcomparativestudyofaluminiumandhybridmounting
interfacesoflaunchvehicleavionicsforweightreduction
GVamsiKrishna,TarakNathDe,RajeshKumarBurman,BVeeraSekharand
V.GovindaRao
AdvancedSystemsLaboratory,Hyderabad
17331745 ExtractionofOpeningandClosingStatesofCrackedStructureusingAdaptive
VolterraFilterModel
J.PrawinandA.RamaMohanRao
CSIRStructuralEngineeringResearchCentre,Chennai
17451757 StudyforAnalysisofEffectofMachiningParameter&ToPredicttheBehaviorof
PropellantGrainDuringMachiningOperation
RohitKumarMahalle,O.P.Manhar,J.C.Chaudhary,S.S.AhamadandG.K.Naik
SFComplex,DRDO,Jagdalpur
17571809 FatigueCrackGrowthStudiesonPowerPlantPipingMaterialsunderCorrosive
Environment
S.Vishnuvardhan,M.Saravanan,P.GandhiandG.Raghava
CSIRStructuralEngineeringResearchCentre,Chennai
18091821 EffectofMoistureonHighStrainRatePerformanceofUHMWPEfiberbased
Composite
HemantChouhan,NeelanchaliAsija,AishaAhmed,KartikeyaandNaresh
Bhatnagar
IndianInstituteofTechnologyDelhi
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
The talk will discuss the work carried out to understand the influence of
grain size and grain size distribution on the corrosion behaviour of
materials. In the first part, the influence of grain size was understood
through corrosion studies on electrodeposited Ni-22Co having a grain
size of 30 nm. Through controlled annealing experiments at 500 and 700
°C, the grain size of this material was varied. Corrosion experiments were
carried out on the as-deposited and annealed Ni-22Co samples in mild
sulphuric acid. A Hall-Petch type of correlation was found between
corrosion current density, a measure of corrosion performance, and the Figure-1: 3D model of mounting interface and launch vehicle avionics
grain size. Additionally in order to understand the influence of grain size
on the efficiency of corrosion inhibition, tryptamine was used as an
inhibitor. It was found that corrosion inhibition was higher in the fine Table-1: Tabulated values of FOS and vibration response of two bracket
grained as-deposited material compared to the relatively coarse grained configurations
annealed samples. The grain size dependence of passivation and Vibration response at critical
breakdown potential was also studied. Bracket Weight location of avionic package (grms)
In the second part, the impact of grain size distribution on corrosion Configuration of Axis of vibration test
behaviour of materials will be discussed. Using analytical equations, bracket
correlations were established between corrosion rate and grain size Long Pitch Yaw
distribution. These equations suggest that for the same average grain size,
a broader grain size distribution leads to increased corrosion resistance in AA 2014 bracket 15 Kg 7.55 7.85 9.96
a non-passivating environment and vice versa in a passivating Hybrid 1.7 Kg 9.81 8.26 11.24
environment. These relationships are also used to describe the corrosion configuration
behaviour of bimodal microstructures.
1 Crictical location of avionic package
10
-1
10
VEHICLE AVIONICS FOR WEIGHT REDUCTION
-2
10
G Vamsi krishna1,TarakNath De2, Rajesh Kumar Burman3, B Veera
Sekhar4, V. Govinda Rao5
1,2,3,4
Advanced Systems Laboratory, Hyderabad, India-500 058 10
-3
5
Research Center Imarat, Hyderabad, India – 500 069
Email of corresponding author:taraknathde@asl.drdo.in
-4
10
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Weight is a paramount parameter for launch vehicle application. Avionics Frequency (Hz)
are used for command, control and guidance of launch vehicle. Interface
brackets are used for mounting these avionics to the launch Figure-2: Vibration response spectra on avionic package in pitch axis of
vehiclechassis. Dynamic loads and vibration responses dominate the two bracket configurations
design criteria for these interfaces (brackets). The weight sensitivity on
range is more prominent for the upper stages of the launch vehicle. To
improve the performance of launch vehicle, employment of light weight
hybrid (honeycomb with face sheets at top and bottom) brackets for EXTRACTION OF OPENING AND CLOSING
mounting launch vehicle avionics is explored in this study. Hybrid
brackets are configured and designed to withstand local buckling loads at STATES OF CRACKED STRUCTURE USING
mounting locations due to bolt pre-loads because of bolt torque. For case ADAPTIVE VOLTERRA FILTER MODEL
under study, honeycomb bracket configured with 25mm aluminium
honey comb structure with 1mm face sheet at top and bottom and all J. Prawin, A. Rama Mohan Rao
around the periphery is employed for mounting of two guidance packages CSIR Structural Engineering Research Centre, Chennai
of weight 10.5 kg and 1.5 Kg. Both numerical and experimental Email of the corresponding author: prawinpsg@gmail.com
comparative study with Aluminium and hybrid brackets is carried out.
Comparable vibration responsesare obtained along all three axes for the Fatigue cracks often exist in structures during the service life of the
two bracket configurations with packages mounted. For both the brackets, structure and need to detect at its earliest stage before it leads to
numerical FE analysis is carried out and sufficient Factor of Safety (FOS) catastrophic failure. The fatigue breathing crack problem exhibits an
for 60g acceleration loads is confirmed. For the case under study, meeting instantaneous change in the stiffness of the structure due to change in the
all the functional requirements weight of hybrid bracket is 1.7 kg state of the cracked domain from open to close and vice versa. Therefore
compared to aluminium bracket weight of 15 kg. It is concluded that these fatigue cracks exhibit breathing like phenomena, hence widely
tremendous weight saving of mechanical interfaces can be gained without referred to as breathing cracks. The present work attempts to separate the
compromising in factor of safety and amplification of vibration opening and closing of the cracked structure from the global response
responses. using adaptive Volterra Filter Model. Adaptive Volterra Filter model is a
generalization of the linear convolution and the impulse response
function to nonlinear structures in discrete form. The dynamical
properties of the nonlinear system in the Volterra series representation or
49
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
adaptive Volterra Filter Model are completely characterized by a notch Tension [ESE(T)] specimens made of SA 333 Gr. 6 and SA 516
sequence of multi-dimensional weighting function called Volterra kernels. Gr. 70 steels under demineralized water and 3.5% NaCl aqueous
These Volterra kernels are the backbone of adaptive Volterra filter environments. The corrosion process was accelerated by increasing the
approach in nonlinear analysis and system identification. A diverse range corrosion current, using an external current source and the experiments
of techniques are reported in the literature for Volterra kernel estimation. were conducted at two different levels of corrosion current by applying
Adaptive Volterra series based Least square is used in the present work to constant Direct Current (DC) of 0.2 A and 0.3 A. The experiments were
estimate Volterra kernels. The various states of the cracked structure are carried out under constant amplitude cyclic sinusoidal loading; the stress
then estimated using these Volterra kernels. Numerical simulation studies ratio was maintained as 0.1 and the test frequency was either 0.25 Hz or
are carried out on a simple beam example to demonstrate the capability of 0.50 Hz. Crack growth in the length direction was continuously observed
the proposed adaptive Volterra filter in extracting the opening and closing and the images were recorded at regular intervals of fatigue cycles.
state response from the global response of the cracked structure. Crack growth rate (da/dN) and stress intensity factor range ('K) values
were evaluated at incremental values of loading cycles and crack length.
Under demineralised water environment, crack growth rate was observed
to be more in SA 516 Gr. 70 steel when compared with that in SA 333
STUDY FOR ANALYSIS OF EFFECT OF Gr. 6 steel. In the case of SA 333 Gr. 6 steel, crack initiation life
MACHINING PARAMETER & TO PREDICT THE increased by 50% and fatigue life increased by 19% when the applied
external current value decreased from 0.3 A to 0.2 A, under 3.5 % NaCl
BEHAVIOUR OF PROPELLANT GRAIN DURING aqueous environment. Details of the experiments carried out and results
MACHINING OPERATION of the studies are discussed in the paper.
Rohit Kumar Mahalle*, O.P. Manhar, J.C. Chaudhary,S.S. Ahamad, G. Keywords: Fatigue crack growth, corrosive environment, piping
K. Naik materials, ESE(T) specimen, fatigue damage
DRDO, S F Complex, Airport Terminal Building, Jagdalpur-494001(CG)
*
rohitkumar@asl.drdo.in
Solid Propellant Grain machining is one of the critical and hazardous EFFECT OF MOISTURE ON HIGH STRAIN RATE
operations in Solid Propellant Rocket Motor (SRM) processing. PERFORMANCE OF UHMWPE FIBER BASED
Propellant grain surfaces are casted as per the feasible mandrel shape, but
mostly the final grain surfaces are achieved by propellant machining
COMPOSITE
operation, that generates various shapes and contours over casted Solid
propellant grain. Some of these machined surfaces are directly exposed to Hemant Chouhan, NeelanchaliAsija, Aisha Ahmed,Kartikeya, Naresh
the ignition and other acts as interface for further processing. These Bhatnagar
machined surfaces over propellant grain are generated by using CNC Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology
controlled Vertical Turn Mill Center. Delhi, HauzKhas,
New Delhi -110016, India
Machining operation depends on three major machining parameters viz. E-mail: hemant.chouhan78@gmail.com
speed, feed and depth of cut. Being a visco-elastic material machining of
solid propellant surfaceis carried out with Special purpose Hollow The presented study investigates the effect of moisture absorption on the
Contouring Cutter with HSS Conical Insert.Solid Propellant in SRM is compressive high strain rate performance of Ultra High Molecular
the prime mover to propel the payload to a particular range as per the Weight Polyethylene-Synthetic Rubber(UHMWPE-SR) composite along
mission requirement. Machining of extra propellant may lead to deviation the thickness direction. Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar is employed to
from the target to be achieved. Due to visco-elastic behavior of the investigate the dynamic compressive properties followed by damage
propellant, during machining, propellant surface are compressed and after studies. The cylindrical test specimens having aspect ratio of 0.5 ± 5%
machining, partially returns back. Thusthe machined depths are varying were machined from flat composite laminate fabricated by compression
with consecutive depth of cuts. molding at 35 bar and 115 qC. Two types of specimens were used for
high strain rate testing. First set of specimen was oven dried at 65 qC and
This paper focuses on study of effect of depth of cuts on propellant grain second set was dipped in potable water as per NIJ standard 0101.06 for
surface keeping cutting speed and rotary table feed within a range. Study 24 hours. An average increase of 7% was measured in the weight of
is also done to analyze & arrive at a conclusion to predict the machined composite just after the removal from potable water. For identical
depth over propellant grain, resulting in elimination of repetitive check incident energy, the strain rates attained by the dry and wet composite
cuts during propellant machining operation. specimens werein the range of 2100 /s - 4220 /s and 1700 /s -3730 /s,
respectively.The stress growth as a function of rate of compressive
loading was witnessed from 200 MPa to 460 MPa for the dry composite
and from 141 MPa to 210 MPa for the wet composite. The dry composite
FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH STUDIES ON attained higher strain at constant peak stress in case of dry composite and
lower total strain with continuously falling stress in case of wet specimen.
POWER PLANT PIPING MATERIALS UNDER The dry composite specimen was recovered intact till the strain rate of
CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENT 4050 /s. Further higher loading rates resulted in the delamination of dry
composite specimen.The behavior of wet composite under high strain rate
S. Vishnuvardhan1*, M. Saravanan2, P. Gandhi3, G. Raghava4 loading was significantly different. Physically intact specimen was
1
Senior Scientist, 2 Scientist, 3 Chief Scientist & Head, 4 Forrmerly Chief recovered at the lowest loading rate of 1700 /s;further higher loading
Scientist rates resulted in macroscopic damage of the wet composite. Significant
Fatigue & Fracture Laboratory, CSIR - Structural Engineering Research property degradation is an indicator of the ill effect of moisture on
Centre UHMWPE-SR composite.
CSIR Campus, Taramani, Chennai - 600 113
* E-mail of corresponding author: svvardhan@serc.res.in
Structures such as offshore structures, bridges, power plant structures and
aircraft which are subjected to repetitive environmental and operational
loads are also exposed to corrosive environment during their service life.
Estimation of corrosion fatigue crack growth (CFCG) rate is of great
importance in life prediction and safety assessment of engineering
structures which are exposed to aggressive environment and subjected to
repeated load applications. In the present studies, fatigue crack growth
(FCG) experiments were carried out on Eccentrically-loaded Single Edge
50
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session3E:NDEandStructuralIntegrityVI
Chairman:TJayakumar,DMRL
SessionCoordinator:AmretenduMukhopadhyay,DMRL
16301657 InvitedTalk:Aperspectiveonqualityassurance,nondestructiveinspectionand
ageingmanagementofnuclearplantcomponents
BPCRao,IndiraGandhiCentreforAtomicResearch,Kalpakkam
17331745 DevelopmentofInsituInspectionMethodologyforCompositeStructureswith
InfraRedThermalImagingTechnique
S.KshamaandS.KalyanaSundaram
CouncilofScientificandIndustrialResearch,Bangalore
17451757 UseofFullfieldMeasurementsforUnderstandingAcousticEmission(AE)Signals
from15CDV6ESRSteelSpecimens
DigendranathSwain,B.Binu,Yogesh,KKPurushothaman,GSudarsanaRao,Binu
PThomas,ThomasKurianandJebyPhilip
VikramSarabhaiSpaceCentre,ISRO,Trivandrum
17571809 EffectoffibersizeonModeIfracturetoughnessofglassfiberreinforcedepoxy:An
experimentalinvestigation
M.K.SinghandR.Kitey
IndianInstituteofTechnologyKanpur
18091821 StructuralIntegrityAssessmentofFilamentWoundCompositePressureVessel
UsingThroughTransmissionTechnique
SameerkantBehera,SKSahoo,LokeshSrivastavaandA.S.SrinivasaGopal
AdvancedSystemsLaboratory,DRDO,Hyderabad
18211833 AbrasivewearstudiesonspecialcompositeAl2O3ZrO25CaOfortribologicalapplications
Abhinav
AllianceUniversity,Bangalore
18331845 ApplicationofFrugalInnovationinFireSafety
PrateepRoy
GhardaInstituteofTechnology(GIT),Ratnagiri,Maharashtra
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
51
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
matrix cracking, fibre bridging, fibre/matrix de-bonding andfibre pull out, Keywords: Abrasive wear, Al2O3-ZrO2 ·5CaO, XRD, SEM, specific wear
as the key toughening mechanisms. rate.
Abhinav
Alliance University, Alliance College of engineering and design,
Bangalore
abhinavtechno5@gmail.com
52
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session3F:MechanicalBehaviourofHighStrengthSteels
Chairman:RBalamuralikrishnan,DMRL
SessionCoordinator:SharatChandraRachuri,DMRL
16301657 InvitedTalk:OntheFractureMechanicsbasedDevelopmentofCleavageFracture
ResistanceCriteriafortheMaterialsofLargeSizeWeldedStructures
VladimirYuFilin,PROMETEY,Russia
16571709 DamageToleranceBehaviourofWeldJointsofHighStrengthStructuralSteel:
ResistancetoColdCracking,StaticCrackingandDynamicProperties
V.M.Nimbalkar,MMohape,VikasKatkar,SGPandav,TikaramLatalwar,JM
Jangir,SKDakhole,JPanigrahi,NaushadSaikh,ARoyandDSChaudhari
NavalMaterialsResearchLaboratory,DRDO,Ambernath
17091721 FatiguecrackgrowthratebehaviourofHSLAsteelsatvaryingloadamplitudes
SachinBandgar,ChiradeepGupta,GauravRao,PranshuMalik,R.N.Singhand
K.Sridhar
NavalMaterialsResearchLaboratory,DRDO,Ambernath
17211733 CorrosionFatigueBasedResidualLifePredictionofShipBuildingMaterials
DeependraSingh,SatyabrataParida,VivekSrivastavaandVPDeshmukh
NavalMaterialsResearchLaboratory,DRDO,Ambernath
17331745 StressCorrosionCrackingStudiesonHSLAsteel
NChittibabu,DVVSatyanarayanaandVikasKumar
DefenceMetallurgicalResearchLaboratory,Hyderabad
17451757 AninvestigationofperformanceofsprayformedH13toolsteel
SantoshKumar,PravinJadhav,AkshayPatil,ShreyasKirwaiandRajkumarSingh
KalyaniCentreforTechnology&Innovation,BharatForgeLtd,Pune
17571809 Comparisonofmicrostructuresandhardnessofelectronbeamandfrictionstir
weldmentsofreducedactivationferriticmartensiticsteel
VijayaL.Manugula,KoteswararaoV.Rajulapati,G.MadhusudhanReddyand
K.BhanuSankaraRao
MahatmaGandhiInstituteofTechnology,Hyderabad
18091821 Determinationandverificationoftriaxialitydependentcohesivezoneparametersof
SA333Grade6Steel
ViswaTejaVanapalli,B.K.Dutta,J.ChattopadhyayandNevilMartinJose
HomiBhabhaNationalInstitute,Mumbai
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
The present paper describes tests carried out to study the damage Reference:
tolerance behaviour of a high strength steel weld joint from the point of 1. Kwai S. Chan, Yi-Ming Pan, David Davidson, Fatigue crack
view of its resistance to hydrogen induced cold cracking and static growth mechanisms in HSLA-80 steels, Materials science and
cracking. Resistance to cold cracking was determined by implant testing Engineering A222(1997) 1-8
and resistance to static cracking by determining its CTOD properties. The 2. K. Sadananda, A.K. Vasudevan, Fatigue Crack growth
dynamic behaviour of the weld was also carried out by subjecting the mechanisms in Steels, International Journal of Fatigue 25
welded test plates to explosion bulge test at sub zero temp (-180C). Butt (2003) 899-914
welding experiments were carried out using indigenous weld
consumables. The cold crack test results showed that no cracks have been
formed at the notch under applied load conditioned after 16 hrs and there
is no change in the hardness values in the welded regions after implant
test. CTOD test was performed on weld samples at -100C and 0.10 mm
value was obtained. Dynamic bulge test was carried out as per MIL –
STD 2149 (SH). It showed 16 – 17 %reduction in thickness after five
blasts as desired and no cracks were found in the weld joints and nearby
region.
53
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Deependra Singh*, Satyabrata Parida, Vivek Srivastava and VP * N Chittibabu, DVV Satyanarayana, Vikas Kumar
Deshmukh Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad – 500 058, India
Naval Materials Research Laboratory, Defence Research Development *dvvsnarayana@dmrl.drdo.in
Organisation (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Additional Ambernath,
Anandnagar P.O; Thane-421 506, INDIA Evaluation of corrosion behaviour of high strength low alloy steels
*Corresponding Author Email: singhdeependra1992@gmail.com (HSLA) is very important particularly when the steels are used in naval
applications. HSLA steels, or micro alloyed steels, which are aimed to
High strength low alloy (HSLA) steel and marine grade aluminium alloys provide better mechanical properties, have better resistance to
used in ship building applications are subjected to corrosion fatigue atmospheric corrosion than conventional carbon steels. However, the
damage mechanism under corrosive seawater wave loading which may susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) increases with increase
cause premature failure of marine structures.Therefore, determination of in strength in case of HSLA steels. Therefore, the knowledge of SCC
Corrosion Fatigue Crack Growth Rate (CFCGR) of ship building susceptibility of these steels is very essential when such steels are
materials is of paramount significance for their residual life assessment. considered for naval applications. In this present work, SSC susceptibility
In this paper, CFCGR studies as well as Residual Life Analysis of HSLA of an indigenously developed High Strength Naval Steel has been studied
steel (YS = 463 MPa) and 5XXX grade aluminium (YS = 221 MPa) by performing slow-strain-rate tests (SSRT) using different strain rates in
material has been carried out using damage tolerant fracture mechanics air and in 3.5% NaCl solution at ambient temperature. It has been
approach. Mechanical characterization was carried out for both the observed that the steel is more susceptible towards stress corrosion
material and is reported in Table 1. CFCGR experimentation were cracking with decreasing strain rate in the order in the order 10-7> 10-6 >
conducted using an electro-mechanical fatigue machine at a load ratio of 10-5 s-1.
0.1 on CT samples in 3.5 wt% NaCl as per ASTM-647 at frequencies
typical to their service condition (0.1 Hz for Steel and 0.128 Hz for
aluminium). Paris constants ‘m’ and ‘C’ as well as critical crack length
were determined from their CFCGR curves as shown in figure 1 and AN INVESTIGATION OF PERFORMANCE OF
listed in Table 1. Residual life (in cycles and years/days) was calculated
for both materials for crack growth from minimum NDT detectable size
SPRAY FORMED H13 TOOL STEEL
of 1 mm to critical crack length. The residual life of HSLA steel material
was found to be 10.1E6 cycles or 3.20 years and that of aluminium alloy Santosh Kumar1, Pravin Jadhav1, Akshay Patil1, Shreyas Kirwai1, Dr.
material was found to be 8.8 E4 cycles or 8 days. Rajkumar Singh1
1
Kalyani Centre for Technology & Innovation, Bharat Forge Ltd, Pune-
411036, Maharashtra, India
Email of corresponding author: Santosh.kumar@bharatforge.com
Reference
1. Upadhyaya, Sridhara, Fatigue Crack Initiation and Propagation Life
Prediction of materials, International Conference on Mechanical,
Electronics and Mechatronics Engineering, 2012
2. S. T. Rolfe, A.E. Henn and K.T. Hays, Ship Structure Committee,
Fracture Mechanics Methodology for Fracture Control in Oil
Tankers, Ship Structures Symposium (1993)1-17
54
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
COMPARISON OF MICROSTRUCTURES AND plastic finite element analyses were conducted ofthese piping components
to obtain the ‘q’ parameter at the crack tip. Using this ‘q’ parameter, the
HARDNESS OF ELECTRON BEAM AND upper and lower limits of peak stress ‘T’ from the confidence band
FRICTION STIR WELDMENTSOF REDUCED determined above was found out. This range of ‘T’ was then used to carry
ACTIVATION FERRITIC MARTENSITIC STEEL out cohesive zone analyses of these piping components to determine
load-displacement curves. For each piping component, a bunch of load-
Vijaya L.Manugula1*,Koteswararao V.Rajulapati2, G.Madhusudhan displacement curves were determined by assuming a normal variation of
Reddy3, K.BhanuSankara Rao4 parameter ‘T’ over the maximum and minimum limits. The calculated
1
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Mahatma load-displacement curves were compared with the experimental results. It
Gandhi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 500075, India. has been observed that experimental results lie within the computed
2
School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of range. It is expected that the generated material data will be useful to
Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India. carry out safety evaluation of piping components with crack made of
3
Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad 500058, India. SA333 Grade 6 materials.
4
Ministry of Steel (Govt. of India) Chair, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of
Technology, Hyderabad 500075, India. Keywords: Cohesive zone model, multi-axiality quotient, Transferability
*Corresponding author: vijaya.511@gmail.com of cohesive parameters.
55
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session4A:StructuralIntegrityVII
Chairman:VedaErukulla,LPTi,Canada
SessionCoordinator:AtulKumar,DMRL
14151442 InvitedTalk:CorrosionandAircraftStructuralIntegrity
GMKamath,IndianInstituteofTechnology,Kanpur
14421454 DesignandanalysisofformedbellowsfornuclearapplicationsCasestudy
S.C.S.P.KumarKrovvidi,SunilGoyalandA.K.Bhaduri
IndiraGandhiCentreforAtomicResearch,Kalpakkam
14541506 Structuralintegrityusingeffectivefieldqualityassurancepracticesforfabricationof
gloveboxes
MVKuppusamy,ShrikrishnaTripathi,BPCRaoandARavisankar
IndiraGandhiCentreforAtomicResearch,Kalpakkam
15061518 Assessmentofdelayedhydridecrackingatvolumetricflawsformedduetobearing
padfretting
RameshKumar,RituJ.Singh,J.MishraandV.Balasubramaniyan
AtomicEnergyRegulatoryBoard,Mumbai
15181530 StudytheEffectofAnisotropyofElasticPlasticPropertiesonResidualStress
DevelopmentinAutofrettageofThickCylinder
RituJSingh,RameshKumar,JMishra,V.BalasubramaniyamandH.S.Kushwaha
AtomicEnergyRegulatoryBoard,Mumbai
15421554 IndentationandhydrideorientationinZr2.5%NbPressureTubematerial
T.NarayanaMurty;SandeepAChandashiveandR.N.Singh
BhabhaAtomicResearchCentre,Mumbai
15541606 IssuesinOptimizingLaserShockPeeningParametersforNickelSuperAlloys
LSaiSandeep;VamsiKrishnaRentala,PhaniMylavarapu,DGovindaRao,Nagaraju
Guthikonda,PPremKiran,Gp.Capt.B.V.N.Shiva,K.GopinathandVikasKumar
VasaviCollegeofEngineering,Hyderabad
16061618 Acellularmechanicsapproachtothemechanicalbehaviorofnanoscale
interpenetratingphasecomposites
K.R.MangipudiandC.A.Volkert
IndianInstituteofTechnologyBhubaneswar
16181630 EffectofEndConstraintsontheBallooningofaLongThinWalledPressurizedTube
ShekharSumanandSivasambuMahesh
IndianInstituteofTechnologyMadras
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
56
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
rho = 0.015
rho = 0.05
charged with 50ppm of hydrogen. The samples near the punch mark were
42
40
rho=0.13
rho= 0.4
metallographically examined for hydrides orientation. It was observed
38
that hydrides exhibited preferentially circumferential orientation far away
36
from the indent to mixed orientation containing both circumferential an
34 radial hydrides near the indent. This is probably as a result of stress field
Heq (ppm)
32 (0.76, 30.6) (1.05, 30.5) generated by indenting. Extent of radial hydride formation was observed
30 to be varying with indenting load.
28 (0.63, 29.5)
26
(0.54, 27)
24
22
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Fret Depth (mm)
0.9 1.0 1.1
57
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
58
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session4B:ModellingofMicrostructureandPlasticity
Chairman:AVenugopalRao,DMRL
SessionCoordinator:JalajKumar,DMRL
14151442 InvitedTalk:MultiscaleModelingofComplexPlasticDeformation
AlankarAlankar,IndianInstituteofTechnologyBombay
14421454 CrystalPlasticityModelingofDynamicRecrystallizationinTi
RitamChatterjeeandA.Alankar
IndianInstituteofTechnologyBombay
14541506 ModellingofFatigueCrackInitiationandPropagationinHydrogenCharged
PolycrystallineNickel
RakeshKumar,DeepeshMeenaandDhirajK.Mahajan
IndianInstituteofTechnologyRopar
15181530 CoupledCrystalPlasticityPhaseFieldModellingofmultiphasemetals
RiteshDadhichandAlankarAlankar
IndianInstituteofTechnologyBombay
15421554 RoleofdislocationreactionsontheplasticdeformationofCopperSingleCrystals
AshishMishraandAlankarAlankar
IndianInstituteofTechnologyBombay
15541606 FiniteElementAnalysisforCableandPipeTransitSealforNuclearpowerplant
Applications
VikrantGupta,N.P.SINGHandUjjwalBaruah
ITERIndia,InstituteforPlasmaResearch,Bhat,Gandhinagar,Gujurat
16061618 SmallscaleinsitumechanicaltestingofCuBiandtheeffectofmicrostructureon
failure
AnanyaTripathi,VikramJayaramandPraveenKumar
IndianInstituteofScience,Bangalore
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
MULTISCALE MODELING OF COMPLEX Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE) leads to the deterioration of fracto-
mechanical properties of metals. Based on the vast literature available,
PLASTIC DEFORMATION
Alankar Alankar HE is still not clearly understood and demands significant research in the
field of hydrogen-metal interaction. For better understanding of hydrogen
Assistant Professor, effect on fatigue behaviour of metal, the present work focuses on
Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai developing a finite element simulation framework for fatigue crack
alankar.alankar@iitb.ac.in initiation and propagation studies in metals in the presence of hydrogen.
The developed framework, consists of a nonlocal crystal plasticity model
Multiscale models having crystal plasticity at the core have found coupled with hydrogen transport model to study fatigue behavior of
applications in design of advanced metals and alloys for better durability hydrogen charged nickel. A polycrystalline representative volume
and structural integrity. Recent research work has shown promise for element (RVE) under periodic boundary conditions is used in this study,
complex and extreme conditions e.g. LOCA condition in a nuclear as shown in Fig 1. The nonlocal crystal plasticity model accounts for the
reactor. This presentation will focus on bridging crystal plasticity models statistically stored dislocations (SSDs) as well as geometrically necessary
with smaller length and time scale simulation techniques. Applications of dislocations (GNDs) within intragranular and inter-granular regions.
such models are shown for evolution of crystallographic texture and Whereas, the hydrogen transport model accounts for the diffusion and
deformation microstructure for wide ranges of strain rates and trapping of hydrogen in metal due to concentration gradient, pressure
temperatures. Depending upon boundary conditions, a complex set of gradient, plastic strain-rate effect and dislocations. The total hydrogen
mechanisms may operate and continuum mechanics of materials alone concentration in the system is partitioned into hydrogen present at the
cease to capture realistic mechanical behavior. Cross-slip, dislocation interstitial lattice site and trapped hydrogen in the dislocation core along
climb and dynamic recrystallization may take place. Such mechanisms the slip systems. Fatigue crack initiation criterion in RVE with grains of
can be correctly resolved at atomistic scale. Nevertheless, it is critical to controlled morphology and orientations is established upon considering
have them correctly modeled within crystal plasticity models. the critical value of fatigue indicator parameter (FIP) which is formulated
Three different classes of crystal plasticity models namely based on experimental findings. The simulation framework accounts for
homogenization based polycrystal models, embedded polycrystal models both fatigue crack initiation & propagation to understand the effect of
in finite element framework and dislocation mechanics based single hydrogen on microstructural short cracks.
crystal models are discussed. Depending upon the applications and
required detail, the selection of a crystal plasticity model is made.
Ha
59
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
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SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session4C:StructuralIntegrityVIII
Chairman:GAppaRao,DMRL
SessionCoordinator:SSKalyanKamal,DMRL
14151442 InvitedTalk:MechanismsforFatigueStrengthDegradationinCementitious
Materials
JMChandraKishen,IndianInstituteofScience,Bangalore
14421454 AnalysisofStructuresSubjectedtoCrowdLoads
AngithaVijayan,NimmyMariamAbraham,S.DAnithaKumariandM.VDeepthi
MSRamaiahUniversityofAppliedSciences,Bangalore
14541506 EffectofElevatedTemperatureontheMechanicalPropertiesofConcrete
D.AnupamaKrishna,RSPriyadarsiniandS.Narayanan
KeralaTechnologicalUniversity
15301542 RelocationofexistingjacketplatforminwesternoffshoreofIndia
PraveenBhatandS.Karunanithi
OilandNaturalGasCorporationLtd.(ONGC)
15541606 Failureinvestigationofsuperrapidgunmountcartridgecase
RajeshSharma,PTekade,RaviKiran,VijayLaxmi,SatyapalSinghandAKSingh
DefenceMetallurgicalResearchLaboratory,Hyderabad
16181630 Determinationofoptimalcouplingstiffnessusingmodalupdatingtechniquesfor
StiffenedPlates
K.Shrivastava,K.VijayanandV.Arora
IndianInstituteofTechnologyKharagpur
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
61
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
2. Installation of insert piles and extra clamp-on skirt piles, if required, DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL COUPLING
where water depth at relocation is similar to existing water depth for the
platform.
STIFFNESS USING MODAL UPDATING
The platform relocation process will include the abandonment and TECHNIQUES FOR STIFFENED PLATES
decommissioning aspects like well plugging and abandonment (P&A),
purging of hydrocarbons from pipelines and equipments followed by K. Shrivastava*1, K. Vijayan1, V. Arora2
1
platform removal. After removal, the platform structure will be Dept. of Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture, Indian Institute of
refurbished for making it compatible for installation at the new location. Technology Kharagpur
This is a first of its kind project in the Indian sub-continent and would Kharagpur, India - 721302
2
help in realizing early monetization from the new offshore fields. ITI, SDU Mechanical Engg, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
Email of corresponding author: krshrivastava@iitkgp.ac.in
Platform to be Water Depth New Water Depth (m)
Stiffened structures are often utilized as structural members for numerous
relocated (m) Location at new location
applications in various fields of engineering like Civil, Automobiles,
A 25 Y 25.1 Naval, Aerospace, etc. Thus analyzing stiffed structure for their structural
A 25 Z 33.84 integrity become pivotal. Simplest instance of a stiffened structure could
B 19 X 22.65 be a plate with a beam acting as a stiffener. The presented study focuses
B 19 Y 25.1 on Modal analysis of a stiffened plate comprising of a base plate and a
B 19 Z 33.84 beam attached to it in the longitudinal direction. Numerical analysis is
C 19 X 22.65 carried out by formulating a FE model for the beam and plate. The plate
C 19 Y 25.1 and beam elements are coupled using discrete spring element. The
C 19 Z 33.84 capability of the model is verified by comparing the natural frequencies
obtained through ANSYS simulation and experimental techniques. A
Table 1: Feasibility Study for Relocation to new fields numerical based model updating was carried out to determine the optimal
spring stiffness using Latin hypercube sampling. The optimal values of
the spring stiffness were determined which reduced the error in the
natural frequencies.
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SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session4D:FailureAnalysis
Chairman:RKSatpathy,DMRL
SessionCoordinator:ChandanMondal,DMRL
14151442 InvitedTalk:FailureofstrategicalloysduringproductionanduseSomecase
studies
PallabSarkar,VardhamanCollegeofEngineering,Hyderabad
14421454 FailureAnalysisofaCrackedSplicePlateUsedinaPowerTransmissionLineTower
S.K.Dhua,P.P.Sarkar,SantoshKumarandAtulSaxena
R&DCentreforIron&Steel,SteelAuthorityofIndiaLimited,Ranchi
14541506 Failureanalysisofstructuralscrewjointinastartupneutrondetectorhandling
mechanism
SudheerPatri,Hemantkumar,K.KrishnaPrasad,C.Meikandamurthy,B.K.
Sreedhar,R.Vijayashree,V.PrakashandP.Selvaraj
IndiraGandhiCentreforAtomicResearch,Kalpakkam
15181530 Failureanalysisofoilpipelinesofanaeroengine
JivanKumar,V.NSatishKumarandSwatiBiswas
GasTurbineResearchEstablishment,Bangalore
15301542 FailureAnalysisofSpiralBevelGearofEngineAccessoryGearBoxinaFighterclass
Aeroengine
NMoharanaandBenudharSahoo
RegionalCentreforMilitary&Airworthiness(RCMA),DRDO,Sunabeda
15421554 FailureAnalysisofCoolingDuctofTopEngineCowlPanelofFighterAircraft
PremkumarManda,SatyapalSinghandAKSingh
DefenceMetallurgicalResearchLaboratory,Hyderabad
16061618 StructuralFailureofAfterburnerDiffuserofaMilitaryAircraftEngine
PKRao,SASavanur,BenudharSahoo
HindustanAeronauticsLtd,Koraput
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
FAILURE ANALYSIS OF A CRACKED SPLICE screws would be much lower than the specified values as per standard.
This implies that the joint has failed at load, which is much lower than
PLATE USED IN A POWER TRANSMISSION LINE the designed value. However, the possibility of over load either due to
TOWER errors in assembling or due to operation cannot be ignored. It is
postulated that the un-noticed motor over-travel during final stages of
S.K. Dhua, P.P. Sarkar, Santosh Kumar & Atul Saxena testing would have resulted in over load. It is proposed to incorporate a
Research and Development Centre for Iron & Steel, Steel Authority of torque limiter in the drive line of the mechanism to prevent over loading
India Limited, Ranchi-834002 due to erroneous motor operation in future, apart from use of screws
E-mail of Corresponding Author: skdhua@sail-rdcis.com which comply with the standard.
Steel splice plates are used in power transmission line towers (Fig. 1).
During service, some of these plates may fail due the loading stress as
well as stress generated due to inclement weather condition. One such FAILURE ANALYSIS OF OIL-PIPE LINES OF AN
failed splice plate (Fig. 2), cracked in the heel region of the plate has been
studied in detail to find out genesis of such failure. Metallographic study
AERO-ENGINE
of the failed plate material near the crack and away from the crack
indicated presence of white hard martensite layer near the crack (Fig. 3). Jivan Kumar, Satish Kumar VN, Swati Biswas
Evaluation of mechanical properties of the plate material carried out at Materials Group, Gas Turbine Research Establishment, Bengaluru, India
heel and edge regions had also supported the above findings. There was Corresponding author e-mail: swati@gtre.drdo.in
enhancement of hardness, yield strength, tensile strength of the plate near
heel which had indicated localized hardening of the plate in this region Leakage from the pipeline supplying oil to the aero-engine bearing was
due to presence of martensite. A substantial deterioration of the Charpy observed during testing. The incident was found to repeat for another set
impact toughness of the material at the heel region could also be observed of same pipeline when subjected to pressure test. In this case the pipelines
particularly at sub-zero testing temperatures due to the same reason. The were already used in engine testing for about 100 hours. The pipes were
material inadequacies and operational stresses must have caused the manufactured using austenitic grade stainless steel. The end fittings of the
initiation and propagation of the cracks in the heel region of the plate pipelines were austenitic grade stainless steel adapters which were TIG
leading to its premature failure. (Tungsten Inert Gas) welded to the pipes. Subsequent to the dis-assembly
of the pipelines, the region of leakage was examined under stereo-
binocular microscope. In both the cases, cracks were noticed near the
weld joint. Higher magnification scanning electron microscopy
confirmed presence of multiple cracks in both the components. The crack
was found to be mostly in the heat affected region except for a very small
length where it was very near to the weld region. Fractographic analysis
was carried out after opening the cracks. At higher magnification,
fractured surface revealed faceted structure typically observed in stress
corrosion cracking failure. Presence of corroding elements was also
identified on the fractured surface by energy dispersive spectrum
analysis. Fractographic features and composition analysis results pointed
towards stress corrosion cracking in both the pipes.
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SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Carburizing not only provides wear resistance at the mating surface of two parts namely, Part-I covers failure analysis of puncturing of diffuser
gear but also introduces residual compressive stress that enhances fatigue casing while Part-II deals with optimization of refurbishment schemes by
life. Stress concentration effect due to machining marks in combination FEM analysis and experimental evaluation. Metallurgical investigation
with poor core toughness could cause premature failure of gear. could reveal that the puncturing of casing is due to accumulation of hot
gas leading to higher hoop stress in combination with reduced strength at
KEYWORDS: Engine Accessory Gear Box (EAGB), Spiral Bevel Gear, elevated temperature. Undue stress developed due to thermal expansion
Tooth Milling, Carburizing, Beach marks, Fatigue & contraction along with the coarse grain structure at HAZ resulted in
development of cracks causing its replacement during overhaul.
Geometrically flange resembles a T-piece with its major dimensions are
height and length. Flange height is reduced by 3mm from the specified
FAILURE ANALYSIS OF COOLING DUCT OF TOP dimension of 15mm for achieving higher thickness near the transition
area of the step. Length has been increased by 5mm from the drawing
ENGINE COWL PANEL OF FIGHTER AIRCRAFT dimension of 28mm to shift the HAZ to a lower stress location.
Structural and thermal stress analysis was carried out on the new flange
Premkumar Manda*, Satyapal Singh and A K Singh and it was observed that the equivalent Von-Mises stress at weld zone
Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad – reduced by 6.25% than the original weld zone. Further, dye penetrant
500 058 (DP) check was introduced at operating units to reveal such cracks
*Corresponding author. Tel.: +91-9949663492; fax: +91-40-24340681. thereby obviating a major failure.
E-mail address: premkumarmanda@gmail.com,
prem_manda@yahoo.co.in
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SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session4E:AdditiveManufacturingandStructuralIntegrityIX
Chairman:KRaviChandar,UniversityofTexas,USA
SessionCoordinator:TSreekanthaReddy,DMRL
14151442 InvitedTalk:Fracturebehaviourof3Dprintedthermoplastics
SivaNadimpalli,NewJerseyInstituteofTechnology,USA
14421454 ResidualStressMeasurementon3DPrintedBlocksofTi6Al4VusingIncremental
HoleDrillingTechnique
DigendranathSwain,SKarthigaiSelvan,BinuPThomas,GovindandJebyPhilip
VikramSarabhaiSpaceCenter,ISRO
14541506 SmallScaleMechanicalTestingforLaserAdditiveManufacturing
SudarshanReddyandDheepaSrinivasan
IntechDMRLPvt.Ltd
15061518 StructuralandMechanicalBehaviorofAdditiveManufacturedIN718Superalloy
GururajTelasan,K.DivyaandG.Padmanabham
InternationalAdvancedResearchCentreforPowderMetallurgyandNewMaterials,
Hyderabad
15181530 MicrostructuralinfluenceondampingforFrictionstirweldedAluminumplates
K.Vijayan,S.Jothi
IndianInstituteofTechnologyKharagpur
15301542 EffectofPoisson’sratioonKI,T11andT33forSENBandCTspecimenAFEstudy
SanjeevM.Kavale,KrishnarajaG.KodanchaandNagarajEkabote
KLETechnologicalUniversity,Hubballi,Karnataka
15421554 DuctileFractureinTubeImpactProblemUsingALodeAngleDependentFailure
Criterion
DipankarBora,SachinS.GautamandManojKumar
IndianInstituteofTechnologyGuwahati
16061618 SystemReliabilityofRandomlyVibratingStructuresunderSupportExcitations:
ComputationalModelingandLaboratoryTesting
A.SomayyaandC.S.Manohar
BangaloreIntegratedSystemSolutionsPvt.Ltd.,Bangalore
16181630 Astudyonimpactforceattenuationcapabilityofclosedcellaluminiumfoams
SNSahu,TSreekanthReddy,PRamasubbaReddy,PSampathKumar,GJReddyand
AAGokhale
DefenceMetallurgicalResearchLaboratory,Hyderabad
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
FRACTURE BEHAVIOR OF 3D PRINTED Technology is now capable of being suitable for full fledged batch
production of parts, to cater to the demands of the Aerospace and
THERMOPLASTICS Aviation, Power, Automotive, Healthcare, engineering and other
Siva Nadimpalli industries. A series of complex process parameters are required to
Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering produce functional parts via the DMLS process, such as laser power, scan
New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA speed, hatch distance and layer thickness, that are required to enable
Siva.p.nadimpalli@njit.edu dense parts, with superior and consistent mechanical properties.
Mechanical testing during production involves having test specimens in
Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a 3D printing technique which has every build plate and is usually an expensive and time consuming
a thermoplastic polymer filament heated above glass transition process. In this study, small scale test specimens have been fabricated for
temperature and is extruded through a nozzle to print layer by layer of a several additively manufactured alloys, IN718, MM247LC, CoCrMo,
part. While stress and strain based experiments were performed on these Maraging steel etc., and these have been tested at room temperature,
components, fracture toughness data which is an important property of before and after the required heat treatment, along and perpendicular to
these thermoplastics is not available. In this work a fracture mechanics the build direction. Comparisons have been made between the small scale
based methodology was developed to characterize the interlayer fracture specimens with standard ASTM specimens and the key differences /
of 3D printed polymer. A relationship between the process parameters similarities have been elucidated, in a bid to bring in small scale testing
and the fracture resistance of 3D printed parts will also be presented. for Additive manufacturing.
Double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens were designed and printed
with a pre-crack at the interface of the layers. Bulk elastic properties were
obtained by tensile testing of filaments and 3D printed dog bone. Critical STRUCTURAL AND MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR
crack initiation loads from the tests were used in finite element model of OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURED IN 718
the DCB samples to determine the critical energy release rate. The result
indicated that nozzle temperature and layer heig ht had the most SUPERALLOY
significant effects on the fracture resistance. The bed temperature and the
layer width appeared to be less significant factors, compare to the nozzle Gururaj Telasang, Divya K and G. Padmanabham
temperature. The data reported here will provide insight and guidance in International Advanced Research Center for Powder Metallurgy and New
the design of fracture-resistant 3D printed parts for structural and Material
functional applications. Balapur P.O., RCI Road, Hyderabad – 500 005
65
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
weld. The speed of rotation, the axial load, feed rate and the type of tool DUCTILE FRACTURE IN TUBE IMPACT
influences the structural properties of the weld. An experimental study
was carried out on Marine grade aluminum plates by varying the carriage
PROBLEM USING A LODE ANGLE DEPENDENT
speed, rotor speed and tools. The parametric study was carried out using FAILURE CRITERION
three sets of carriage speed, rotor speed and tools. The FSW welded
plates were analyzed for strength using universal testing machine. From Dipankar Boraa, Sachin S. Gautama, Manoj Kumarb
a
the test results best, intermediate and worst cases were separated out Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039
b
based on the tensile strength and strain. One of the contributing factors National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Punjab, 144 011
towards this variability could be the sensitivity of friction coefficient. Email of corresponding author: ssg@iitg.ernet.in
This results in improper heating and material distribution across
advancing and retreating side. The microstructure of the welds was Impact problems are an important class of problems usually accompanied
analyzed using microscope and EBSD. EBSD was carried out only for by large deformations and sometime fracture of the impacting bodies. In
the sample with good structural strength. The analysis of microstructure many fields such automotive crashworthiness analysis and design, turbine
clearly demarcated zones of base metal, heat affected, thermo design, metal forming problems etc. one has to invariably consider the
mechanically affected and stirred (nugged) zone). Next the influence of possibility of fracture and study its effect on the component/structure.
these microstructural grain properties on macroscopic damping behavior Fracture in these applications is mostly happens after considerable plastic
was analyzed by carrying out a modal testing on the welded structure. deformation and is referred to as ductile fracture. A lot of research work
Understanding the damping behavior is helpful in characterizing the is being carried out in the area of ductile fracture under impact loads [1,
vibration of the structure. Sensitivity analyses on the variations in the 2]. Recently, a new coupled elasto-plastic damage model has been
damping for different natural frequencies were carried out. The position proposed by Erice and Galvez [3] for ballistic applications incorporating
of analysis in the case of single sample (best case) was varied. But in the effect of Lode angle in the Johnson and Cook failure criterion [3] using a
case of analysis for different samples the position was fixed. The study Lode angle dependent function propose by Xue [2]. In the present work,
clearly indicated a sensitivity of damping on the microstructural this model is employed to study the ductile fracture of tubes impacted
properties the FSW welded plates. against rigid surface using Abaqus Explicit by writing a user input
subroutine VUMAT. The simulation of fracture of thin-walled tubes at
higher impact velocities have already been studied by Gautam and Dixit
[1] without taking the Lode angle effect into account. Figure 1(i) shows
EFFECT OF POISSON’S RATIO ON KI, T11 AND T33 the schematic of the problem and Fig. 1(ii) shows the deformed
FOR SENB AND CT SPECIMEN-A FE STUDY configuration.
0.0
-0.4
-0.8 a/W=0.50
B/W=0.50
-1.2
0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45
Poisson's Ratio
Figure 4. Variation of normalized KI(max), T11(max) and T33(max) for different
Poisson's ratio for CT and SENB specimens for same applied stress
=100 MPa
66
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
A STUDY ON IMPACT FORCE ATTENUATION
CAPABILITY OF CLOSED CELL ALUMINIUM
FOAMS
67
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
Session4F:StructuralIntegrityX
Chairman:GMalakondaiah,FormerCCR&D(HR),DRDO
SessionCoordinator:SrinivasRaoNandam,DMRL
14151442 InvitedTalk:HighTemperatureLowCycleFatigueBehaviourofC263Superalloy
KBhanuSankaraRao,MahatmaGandhiInstituteofTechnology,Hyderabad
14421454 EvaluationofStructuralIntegrityofTacticalMissileCeramicRadomesunder
CombinedThermalandStructuralLoads
S.NarendarandM.Varadanam
DefenceResearchDevelopmentLaboratory,Hyderabad
15061518 InvestigationofProcessParametersontheMechanicalPropertiesofMTVDecoy
FlarePelletsforDefenceApplications
SukamalAdhikary,HimanshuSekharandDGThakur
DefenceInstituteofAdvancedTechnology,Pune
15301542 BirdStrikeDamageandAnalysisofAirframeStructuresofUAV
AkhileshKumarJha,SSathyamoorthyandViswaPrakash
AeronauticalDevelopmentEstablishment,DRDO,Balgalore
16061618 Applicationofstraingaugesformeasurementofpropellertorque
SantanuDeori,UpendraTaywadeandD.Radhakrishna
VehiclesResearch&DevelopmentEstablishment,DRDO,Chennai
SecondInternationalStructuralIntegrityConference&Exhibition(SICE– 2018) PROCEEDINGS
EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY OF attributed to reduction in porosity of the mixture as well as brittle fracture
of magnesium particles facilitating optimisation of density of green
TACTICAL MISSILE CERAMIC RADOMES compact. This was examined through SEM imaging. However, the effect
UNDER COMBINED THERMAL AND evened out beyond optimum applied load owing to saturation in
STRUCTURAL LOADS accommodating the particles within the available space and also beyond
optimum charge mass owing to higher L/D ratio. A mathematical formula
S. Narendar*, M. Varadanam was finally developed for ascertaining density of pellets by variation of
Defence Research and Development Laboratory, Hyderabad-58, T.S. the process parameters.
*Email of corresponding author:
narendar@drdl.drdo.in/nanduslns07@gmail.com Keywords: Pyrotechnic, Infra-red decoy flares, MTV, density, charge
mass.
Radome is a thermos-structural member used in tactical missiles and
houses the avionic systems like seeker. It is subjected to severe thermal as
well as structural loads during the flight. The material of the radome is
chosen such that it is transparent electromagnetic radiation. The ceramic BIRD STRIKE DAMAGE AND ANALYSIS OF
radome is attached to the metallic bulkhead with high temperature glue. AIRFRAME STRUCTURES OF UAV
The ceramic radome is made of fused silica and bulkhead is made of
Invar steel. In the present manuscript, the experimental evaluation
Akhilesh Kumar Jha1, S Sathyamoorthy2, Viswa Prakash3
methodology implemented for evaluation of the structural integrity of the 1
Scientist E, ADE, DRDO, Bangalore
ceramic radome under combined thermal and structural loads is 2
Scientist D, ADE, DRDO, Bangalore
presented. Initially axial load, to simulate the resultant drag force and a 3
SRF, ADE, DRDO, Bangalore
distributed lateral loads, to simulate the bending moment, are applied via
akhilsdet@yahoo.com, s_sathya_moorthy@yahoo.com,
a pre casted contoured Teflon mock sections, up to proof load and then
viswaprakash2010@gmail.com
time varying temperature is applied. The time-varying temperature profile
is plied via a closed loop control based on PID and the heating
Composite materials are increasingly being used for Aircraft/UAVs
environment is created using short wave infra-red radiation. Exhaustive
structures such as wing components or fuselage panels, etc. A collision to
instrumentation is used in the experiments. After the thermal cycle, the
bird during flight can lead to serious damage to the Aircraft/UAVs
structural loads are increased till the failure of the radome. With the
structures, particularly during takeoff and landing phases. The Federal
developed experimental test setup various radomes are successfully tested
Aviation Regulations (FAR) requires that all forward facing components
and those details are presented in this manuscript under case studies.
need to prove a certain level of bird strike resistance in certification tests
before they are allowed for operational use.This paper focuses on the
numerical modeling and simulationof a two-poundbird impact on
composite structures of the UAV using ABAQUS/Explicit with impact
INVESTIGATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS ON velocities ranging from 40m/s to 80m/s.The bird is modeled using
THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MTV Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian (CEL) technique using a material model
DECOY FLARE PELLETS FOR DEFENCE with properties similar to fluid. The internal pressure of the bird model is
linked to the change in volume with an Equation of State (EOS). Based
APPLICATIONS on simulation results, the high probability strike zone has been reinforced
and fifteen successful flightshave been achieved. The experimental tests
Sukamal Adhikary a, Himanshu Sekhar b, D G Thakur a* will be carried out on panel level, taken from various airframes modules
a
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced of the UAV.
Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Pune, Maharashtra - 411025,
India Keywords: Composite, UAV, ABAQUS/Explicit, CEL, EOS.
b
High Energy Material Research Laboratory, DRDO Lab, Pune-411021,
India
a
Sukamal Adhikary, E-mail: sukamal06@gmail.com
a*
Corresponding author: D G Thakur, E-mail:
dineshsingh_thakur@yahoo.com
APPLICATION OF STRAIN GAUGES FOR
Tel: +91 20 24304195; Fax: +91 20 24389318 MEASUREMENT OF PROPELLER TORQUE
b
Himanshu Sekhar E-mail: himanshudrdo@rediffmail.com
Santanu deori Sc ‘C’, Gaurav PanchalSc ‘D’, Upendra Taywade‘E’ and
It has been universally accepted that air power is becoming increasingly Dr. D Radhakrishna Sc ‘G’
challenging. With the advent of the sophisticated Infra-red (IR) guided
missiles, the pilots are at constant threat to accomplish their operational Indigenously developed VRDE (DRDO) 65 hp Rotary engine has been
tasks and safely return back to base. One of the most effective counter coupled with various Propellers having varying diameter and profile
measures against the heat seeking missiles is Infra-red decoy flares. shape. More nos. of Propeller blades attributes good thrust at a particular
These flares have been successfully developed from pyrotechnic rpm but above that rpm, engine couldn’t able to provide the sufficient
composition of Magnesium/Teflon/Viton (MTV) and has been torque to rotate it (propeller) further. Therefore, it is must to measure the
extensively utilised by defence services all over the world. amount of torque being absorbed by propeller at all ranges of Engine
rpm. Hence, a study has been accomplished by applying a non-contacting
However, the supply of MTV flares in the global market are controlled by type strain gauge on propeller flange, to measure the angular
very few foreign manufacturers and the manufacturing philosophy along deflection/strain on flange. This strain on gauges is finally calibrated to
with the performance parameters have been a well-kept secret. As a represent the torque of propeller. This helped us in selection and
result, very limited open source literature is available about the estimation of propeller and its pitch.
mechanical pressing of the MTV composition to form pellets of standard
configurations and the subsequent mechanical performance evaluation of
these pellets. Hence, the present paper is an attempt to study the
mechanical parameters of the pellets by varying two process parameters
viz. the applied load and the charge mass. Pyrotechnic mixture of
magnesium (45-50%) as fuel, Teflon (PTFE) (45-50%) as oxidiser and
Viton (2-8%) as binder was compacted by varying the applied load from
1 ton to 9 tons and subsequently by varying the charge mass from 40 gm
to 160 gm. It was observed that density of pellets increased with increase
in applied load (by 33%) and charge mass up (by 7%) to an optimum
value of both these process parameters. This phenomenon could be
68
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Publication & Polygraphy Unit, DMRL