Electric Basic Measure

Maurizka Amaliah,Aisya Nurul Wahda,Nur Aliyah Ibrahim,Selni Sandabunga.

ICP A Chemistry

Abstract

Experiment had been performed is electric basic measure.Experiment purpose are

investigate relation voltage and current in a simple electric circuit and count of resistance in a
resistor.Practicum methodology is measure voltage and current elecric with use basic meter
consisting of Ammeter and Voltmeter. To measure voltage and current electric then formed circuit
electric with use connecting cable to connect fellow negative pole of power supply to resistor,
positive pole of resistor to negative pole of basic meter,positive pole of basic meter to negative
pole of rheostat.When is connected to rheostat,slide rheostat so that it is position from maximum
to minimum.After that, connect to fellow positive pole of rheostat to power supply,and fellow to
negative pole of resistor to basic meter so that form a simple electric circuit and power supply is
flamed. After that determine limit measure of voltmeter and ammeter. Voltage source is increased
with use rheostat.Rheostat is slided ten times with linier change. From that measure can know
relation voltage and current electric so that the voltage and current electric can count of resistance
in resistor.

Keywords : current electric,resistance electric,voltage.

Problem Formulation

1. How the relation between voltage and current in a simple circuit ?

2. How to count of voltage in a resistor ?

Purpose

1. Investigate relation voltage and current in a simple electric circuit.

2. Count of resistance in a resistor.

Practicum Methodology

Brief Theory

Current electric is defined as flow electric charge through a conductor.

Current electric caused by the presence different from high potential to low
potential.Curret electric just flow in close circuit.Law of current electric found on
Kirchhoff 1 law.Kirchhoff 1 law read “In the electric circuit branching,amount of
incoming current electric in a branch point same with amount of out current
electric from that branch point”.

Measure tool is used for measure current electric is Amperemeter.

Amperemeter must be installed in series circuit.Smallest scale value of
Amperemeter can determined with divide limit measure with amount of scale. To
measure limit measure is determined by measure tool needle if that needle deviate
much and close to the maximum value so that its limit measure than divided
amount of scale in amperemeter. If meaaure tool needle deviate too small than
down of limit measure until deviate enough far.

Voltage measure potential energy from field electric result in the current
electric in a electric conductor.Depend to different electric potential, a voltage can
say extra low,low,high,extra high. By definition an electric voltage causes the
negative electrically charged objects attracted from a low-voltage towards a
higher voltage. So the direction of the conventional electric current flowing in a
conductor of a high voltage to the low voltage. The law of Kirchhoff's voltage is
the Second Law, which reads "The algebraic sum voltage changes around a closed
circuit (loop) is equal to zero".

The tools used to measure the electrical voltage is voltmeter. . Voltmeter

works by measuring the current in the circuit when it is passed through a resistor
with a certain value. According to Ohm's law, a large voltage is proportional to
the amount of current for the same resistance value. The working principle of the
potentiometer is a voltage that is measu How to determine the value of the
smallest scale voltmeter is equal to how to determine the value of the smallest
scale Ammeter.

Resistance is comparison between voltage from an electric component (ex.

Resistor) with current through it.

Current through in a conductor depend to voltage, but there is also

resistance owned conductor to flow the electron. Relation between
voltage,resistance,and current is bigger resistance so smaller current for voltage.
Thus, the current flowing is directly proportional to the potential difference
between the ends of ujung conductor and inversely proportional to its resistance.
This statement is known as Ohm's Law, namely:

V = I.R

𝑉
𝐼=
𝑅

𝑉
𝑅=
𝐼

Tools and Materials

1. Tools
a. Power Supply DC
b. Basic meter
c. Rheostat
d. Connect cable
2. Material
a. Resistance

Variable Identification

Activity 1

Control Variable

a. Resistance

Manipulation Variable

a. Current electric
b. Voltage

Variable Operational Define

Control Variable
 a. Resistance is comparison between voltage from a electronic component
(example resistor) with current electric through it.

Manipulation Variable

a. Current electric is amount of total load through a conductor per unit of

time in a point.
b. Voltage is different of electric potential between two points in electric
circuit.

Work Procedure

a. Prepared of tools and material is needed and assembled simple circuit like
the circuit :

b. Before power supply is flamed, sure to install voltmeter and amperemeter

ini the highest limit measure position to avoid damage.
c. Power supply is flamed and concider the appointment of voltmeter and
amperemeter.
d. Rheostat is slided in maximum position.If needle measure tool deviate too
small, down of limit measure until it appointment deviate enough far
(close maximum value).
e. Rheostat is slided back to minimum position. Appointment voltmeter and
amperemeter is read in the position and oted in observation table.
 f. Source voltage is inreased with slide rheostat until voltmeter show bigger
value and appointment amperemeter is read.
g. Activity (f) is done with linier change until gotten at least 10 measure data.

Result of Experiment and Data Analysis

Result of Experiment

Tabel 1 Relation between Voltage and Current

No. Voltage (V) Current (A)

1 |1,2 ± 0,1| |0,019 ± 0,001|
2 |1,4 ± 0,1| |0,022 ± 0,001|
3 |1,6 ± 0,1| |0,027 ± 0,001|
4 |2,1 ± 0,1| |0,034 ± 0,001|
5 |3 ± 0,1| |0,048 ± 0,001|
6 |3,2 ± 0,1| |0,053 ± 0,001|
7 |3,6 ± 0,1| |0,06 ± 0,001|
8 |4,6 ± 01| |0,070 ± 0,001|
9 |4,4 ± 0,1| |0,074 ± 0,001|
10 |5,6 ± 0,1| |0,098 ± 0,001|

Data Analysis
 7

6 y = 56.76x + 0.1636
R² = 0.9976
5
Tegangan Listrik (V)

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
Kuat Arus Listrik (I)

Picture 1. Graphic relation between voltage and current .

1
SSV Voltage in graphic = = 0,2 V
5

0,02
SSV Current in graphic = = 0,004 A
5

𝑉1 = 6 𝑥 0,2 = 1,2 𝑉

𝑉2 = 28 𝑥 0,2 = 5,6 𝑉

𝐼1 = 4,75 𝑥 0,004 = 0,019 𝐴

𝐼2 = 24,5 𝑥 0,004 = 0,098 𝐴

𝑉1 + 𝑉2
∆𝑉 =
2

5,6 𝑉 + 1,2 𝑉
=
2
 6,8 𝑉
=
2

= 3,4 V

𝐼1 + 𝐼2
∆𝐼 =
2

0,019 𝐴 + 0,098 𝐴
=
2

0,117 𝐴
=
2

= 0,0585 A

∆𝑉
𝑅 =
∆𝐼

3,4 𝑉
=
0,0585 𝐴

= 58,11 Ω

∆∆𝑉 = 2. ∆𝑉

= 2 . 0,2 V

= 0,4 V

∆∆𝐼 = 2. ∆𝐼

= 2. 0,004 𝐴

= 0,008 𝐴
 ∆∆𝑉 ∆∆𝐼
∆𝑅 = | |+| |
∆𝑉 ∆𝐼

0,4 𝑉 0,008 𝐴
=| |+| |
3,4 𝑉 0,0585 𝐴

= 0,117 + 0,136

= 0,253 Ω

∆𝑅
𝐾𝑅 = 𝑥 100%
𝑅

0,253 Ω
= 𝑥 100%
58,11 Ω

= 0,4% (4 important number)

PF = |R±∆R| Ω

= |58,11 ± 0,25| Ω

Discussion

Based on the experiments that have been done, so founded the relation
between voltage, current, and resistance. To perform basic electrical measurement
experiments to be done first is compiling its electrical circuit. To construct a
simple electrical circuit it must be known functions of tools and materials to be
used in order to avoid damage to the appliance when the electrical circuits have
been created and the power supply is turned . The first step to make electrical
circuit that connects the circuit with the connecting cable.

The first is linked to other negative pole of power supply to the resistor,
the resistor positive pole to the negative pole of basic meters, positive pole to the
negative pole of basic meters rheostat.When connected to a rheostat, sliding
rheostat so that the position of maximum to minimum. After that, connect the
positive pole to fellow rheostat to the power supply, and the negative pole to
fellow resistor to basic meter to form a simple electrical circuit and the power
supply is turned on. After that specify the limit measure voltmeter and ammeter.
By sliding rheostat at maximum position. If the gauge needle deviate too small,
the lower limit of measuring up to his appointment deviate far enough. After that
slide back rheostat to minimum position. Then read the appointment voltmeter
and ammeter. The voltage source is increased by using rheostat.Rheostat shifted
ten times the linear change.

From the experiment we got relation between voltage and current. the
relation is greater voltage so will greater current.

After the experiment obtained data analysis showed that the relative
uncertainty (KR) is only 0.4%, which means the value of such barriers is not so
much the actual resistance value is 56 ohm. The results obtained in accordance
with the theory that linear changes that occur in the voltage and current that shows
the voltage and current is proportional.

Conclusion and Discuss

Conclusion

Relation voltage and current is higher inrease voltage so higher too

increase current in electric circuit. For count of resistance in resistor can use this
𝑉
formula V = I.R so to count of resistance is 𝑅 = 𝐼 .

Discuss

In making the electrical circuit must be known in advance what are the
uses of tools and materials to make the circuit as it would be fatal if the electrical
circuit without making known the usefulness of the tools and materials as well as
the working procedure of making electrical circuits. Especially how to connect the
electrical measuring devices with other devices using a connecting cable. In order
not to cause a short circuit and damage to all tools.

References
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hambatan_listrik

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegangan_listrik

Kanginan,Marthen.Fisika untuk SMA Kelas X.Jakarta : Penerbit Erlangga.

Sumarsono,Joko.Fisika Untuk SMA/MA Kelas X.Jakarta : Pusat

Perbukuan,Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.