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sharing
The main theme of this unit is to encourage children
to accept responsibility for what they say, what they
do and how they interact with others so that positive
relationships may develop.
Co-operative games
Working with parents
These kinds of games are not
Including parents is essential
competitive. They help to develop
if there is to be a consistent
a sense of trust and a sense of
approach with young children.
community within the classroom.
The rationale for the various
They are fun because everyone
activities may help parents
works together to be winners.
understand that teachers and
parents working together
reinforces and models the
concept of co-operation and
interdependence.
Key Experiences in developing responsible attitudes towards
themselves, others and conflict situations Progress in learning
Building on Pre-school
Where children: I understand when something isn’t fair.
- learn to co-operate, take turns and share;
- develop independence and take responsibility;
I know and use fair ways to share and take turns.
- are encouraged to consider the needs of others; and I can tell someone how I feel.
- look after their own belongings, help to prepare food for snack time, pour their own drink,
choose what and when to eat, help others during snack time or tidy the playroom. I can talk to someone about what has annoyed me.
When someone has annoyed me, I am beginning to
Working at Foundation Stage know what I need to ask them to do instead.
In school I am responsible for…
Explore and discuss their At home I am responsible for…
responsibilities for self and others I can organise equipment for myself and for others.
and how to respond appropriately I can work with others to solve my problems.
in conflict situations: I can listen to others and help solve their problems.
- developing a sense of what is fair; I can explain what happened (when a conflict arises).
- beginning to take responsibility for what they say and do; and
- realising why it is necessary to have rules in the classroom and the school. I can say sorry and why I am sorry.
I try to solve a problem rather than blame others.
Moving towards Key Stage 1 I am willing to participate in role play.
Responsibility and respect, honesty and I understand the classroom rules and try to keep them.
fairness. Constructive approaches to conflict:
- identifying ways in which conflict may arise at home/school, and exploring ways in
which it could be lessened, avoided or resolved;
- discussing the causes of conflict in their community and how they feel about it;
- identifying members of their school community and the roles and responsibilities
they have;
- beginning to understand why and how rules are made in class, in the playground
and at school;
- understanding that rules are essential in an ordered community;
- identifying the people, jobs and workplaces in the community; and
- realising that money can buy goods and services and is earned through work.
2
Foundation Stage Year 1 Strand 2: Mutual understanding in the local and wider community Caring and sharing
learning intention
Understand the necessity for What am I
responsible for?
classroom rules and positive
management of conflict
Planning together
Welcome,
Actively involving children in the please, How can I show I
planning process provides a starting What I say
thankyou am responsible?
point and gives a sense of the current
thinking in the class. It provides
an understanding of the children’s
interests, needs and experiences. Others’ What I do
feelings
A suggestion on how this may be
done is shown opposite, where the
Sharing
initial question, Taking
What am I responsible for? turns
Sharing
could be asked to begin the process. Rules in
school
Being fair
Helping out
and kind
at home
Thinking Skills and Personal Capabilities by the end of Foundation Stage
3
4
An organised learning
environment, making visible a
fair way of taking turns
Role play - developing vocabulary Working together develops
to express thoughts, feelings and a sense of team
experiences
I am sorry
Words for…
and phrases Turn
I need to know
and use I need Fair I feel Share
Problem Explain Listening Rules
Blame without
Solve interrupting
learning activities
Activity 1 Activity 4
Fair ways to take turns Circle time
Four suggestions of fair ways Beginning to take responsibility in
At home I am
children can determine the order of class. responsible
participation in an activity.
for… (making
Activity 5 my bed)
Activity 2
Classroom rules
Role plays
Helping to decide appropriate rules
Using classroom scenarios.
for the class and understanding
how they can help everyone.
Activity 3 At school I am
Using puppets responsible for…
To explore conflict in the (putting away
playground. the jigsaw)
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6
who ’s t u r n
taking. Encourage any activity
that determines order fairly and
support the children so they can
develop their own ways.
is it n o w ?
Let’s Talk Turn-taking Ideas Opportunity Knocks
Remind the class of Jack’s - Toss a coin. Use classroom routines, for
Story in the Green unit’s example, lining up for break, lunch
- Use a sign-up sheet.
and home to consistently model fair
Activity 3. (see Resource A - Ask each child to pick a number from a set of cards - lowest/ turn-taking:
for story). highest goes first.
- children who have dark hair put
- Ask each child to pick a card showing a letter of the alphabet -
Was it fair when Jack themselves in order lightest to
lowest/highest goes first.
decided what game he darkest (or vice-versa);
and his friends would - Put the names in a bag and ask someone else to draw one out.
- children whose name begins
play? Why (not)? - When a child has a turn to be first, keep a visual record that all can with a letter of the alphabet,
see, for example names under a sign ‘I went first...’ This way you for example, G (M, A, K);
Was it fair when he told can withdraw names from the bag until everyone has had a turn
- children who have blue eyes
and children will know that their turn will come.
his two friends what role (green, brown).
to play in the game? - Use a timer to limit the duration of a turn.
Why (not)? Keep a note of those who have
- Classroom rota - use photographs instead of words. Jobs involving
been in the first group and be
two people encourages co-operation.
sure to remember your criteria (for
Can the children think of - Classroom rota - let children volunteer for jobs by placing a example, hair colour) so that you
a fair way to decide what photograph and name beside a photograph of the job. can ensure every child (those who
game to play or who are fair, red) gets a turn to be in the
- Give children opportunities to ‘serve’ others and save their turn
should play what role in until last - handing out pieces of fruit or passing around toast.
first group before you change to
the game? different criteria.
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8
Divide the class fairly into groups by giving each child a Fair Group Card Ensure that the children understand that you will all monitor the chosen
(Resource B). Call out one of the groups to role play the problem, but solution to evaluate its effectiveness. Children should also suggest their
explain that you do not associate the problem with this group (in case own scenarios when one or two have been modelled. If the school has
they think they are being blamed!). The rest of the children can make a school council, this could also be done as part of a class council.
suggestions to enhance the role play and to solve the problem.
Scenarios
When children are moving from one activity to the next, not all Sometimes when accidents happen in our room, people blame
the equipment is being left neatly for the next group of children. someone else and it takes me quite a while to sort out the
problem, for example spilling juice at break or…
How do we tidy up the equipment? What will the area look like How could we do this more quickly and how could you sort it out
when we have tidied it up for the next group? What things do we yourselves?
need to check?
lv i n g
What sort of things could we do to help each other?
probl e m s o 9
10
Teacher: Who else was outside with Ellie? Spot! You’re her friend.
Were you with Ellie?
Spot: Well, I am her friend and I was outside, but Susan and Sean
asked me to play with them so I didn’t see Ellie.
was i fair?
(Spot turns to the children)
Spot: Was I fair to Ellie? I wanted to play with Susan and Sean. What
should I have done?
Spot: I’m sorry for making you unhappy, Ellie. I didn’t mean to.
I should have… (pick a suitable suggestion from those given).
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Preparation
Ask the children to form a circle with their
talking in
chairs and to check that everyone (including
all the adults) in the room has a seat. the group
Welcome and Information Sharing Evaluation
Introduction Tell the children to talk in ‘partner voice’ with the person beside them This is the most important section
Explain to the children that Circle about what jobs they like to do at home. Explain that ‘partner voice’ is for you and other adults in the
Time is a time when everyone can low enough to be heard by their partner and also allows others to room because this will determine
talk to each other about things that hear each other at the same time. your focus for the next Circle Time!
are important to each of us. They Point out all the caring and sharing
can get to know you better and Tell them that when you want them to stop talking you will put your they showed by:
you can get to know them better. hand in the air. They will need to turn and look at their partner so
- lifting seats quietly so other
Tell them that today you are going that s/he knows they are listening.
classes would not be disturbed;
to concentrate on taking turns.
Ask them to check out with each other what they will say in the big - ensuring everyone had a seat
This can be an opportunity to circle. The teacher puts their hand up high to indicate to the children to sit on;
comment on looking, listening, that it is time to stop talking. They then introduce their partner: - listening to whoever was talking;
speaking, thinking and
concentrating behaviours as you
‘This is…and at home s/he likes to…’ - concentrating on what was said
observe the children using them: and what they would say;
‘I like the way Michael, Paddy and Closing Activity - using ‘partner voice’ so that
Alison are looking at me. That is others could hear each other too;
how I know they are listening.’ Clumps
Blow a whistle or clap your hands - remembering what their
a number of times. Ask the partner had said;
Mixing Up Activity children to get into groups of the
- watching for when it was time to
This encourages children to mix. same number as the number of
stop talking;
Put a variety of coloured cubes in a bag. Ask each child to put in a claps.
hand and pick a cube. You pick a cube. Ask those with a cube the - speaking to the rest of the group;
same colour as yours to change places. Repeat a few times. Ask the children what they would
- all the jobs they do at home and
need to think about as they play
at school; and
this game.
Sentence Completion
- taking care of each other while
The person talking holds the talking object and passes it gently to Frame the thoughts positively, for moving about the room.
the next person. example making sure no one is
‘A job I like doing in school is…’ knocked down or checking the
Early in the school year it may be more appropriate to stop the number of blows/claps with the
session here and go straight to the closing activity. person beside them…
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Circle Time ideas adapted from the Jenny Mosley Quality Circle Time Model.
Can
ooops! anyone
help?
just I
forgot we all make
ask mistakes
Sentence Completion Information Sharing
Introduce the talking object to children if more than one child talks at a Responses could be taken as offered, rather than one by one
time. Oh children, I forgot to use Teddy to remind us that only one around the circle. Use a puppet to talk about personal incidents and
person talks at a time. Have them talk in ‘partner voice’ to the person routines that can happen in school. Encourage responses that involve
beside them about something they forgot to do this week. When children sorting the problem, not the adults! In most cases a variety of
everyone has remembered something that they forgot to do, have approaches may be possible. Making choices about how the problem can
them share it with the rest in the circle beginning with the words: be solved develops a classroom community and a sense of competence,
interdependence and independence in the school environment.
‘One time this week I forgot to…’ ‘Do you know children, that Ellie can’t remember what to do/say
when she:
Using these words to begin the sentence is important, as they help
- needs to go to the toilet - can anyone help?
children realise that they are taking responsibility for their mistake and
- has no one to play with in the playground;
that it is alright to admit to mistakes. They also realise that everyone
- cannot button her cardigan;
makes mistakes. Some children may be able to say what they did
- has forgotten the way we use our cloakroom;
about the mistake or who helped them try to make it better.
- has forgotten all the things to do when she comes into the
classroom in the morning;
Early in the school year it may be more appropriate to stop the
- has forgotten what to do when she has finished painting;
session here and go straight to the closing activity. The next section on
- doesn’t know what to say in Circle Time;
Information Sharing could be done as a separate Circle Time.
- is really annoyed with someone;
- needs to know what to do if she wants to talk to Miss Martin
but Miss Martin is talking to someone else; and
- has forgotten how to use a knife and fork.’
Closing Activity
Pass the smile.
Everyone in the Circle faces the front. An adult turns to the child on their
left, looks in their eyes and smiles. That child turns to the child on their
left, looks them in the eye and smiles. Model a few times before you
start. Watch as the smile passes round the circle.
Evaluation
Ask the class to evaluate the session. 15
16
Preparation
Ask the children to form a circle with their chairs and to check that everyone (including all the adults) in the room
has a seat. The first time children do this will be a lesson in itself as you teach the children a procedure for
moving the chairs into a circle and back again. This can be done as a whole class or in smaller groups, and
then the whole class can be brought together when everyone knows the procedure for forming the circle.
Welcome and Sentence and Closing
Introduction Completion Activity
Welcome children to Circle Time. Ask one child to say to the child If we are going to talk together in Circle Time how will we make sure
to their right, we don’t all talk together? Why? Do we need a rule? What might that
‘Hello, my name is… be? What about, we take turns to talk. How could we make sure that
Mixing Up Activity Who are you?’ happens?
This encourages children to mix.
Ask the children to get up from That child answers, then turns to Introduce your talking object. Whoever holds the object is the only
their seat and change places with the child on his right and says, person to talk, and they pass it to the next person who wants to talk.
someone if: ‘Hello, my name is… If the first few Circle Time sessions have Sentence Completion rounds
Who are you?’ children will become familiar with this procedure.
- they like coming to school;
- they have got to know Children will need prompting Children will have to wait for each other to speak, but it is important for
somebody they didn’t know to help them complete this children to know that you value each child equally and that listening is a
before; and/or activity. As soon as you think valued activity. Listening is more than hearing and needs to be taught
- somebody has annoyed them a child is embarrassed, shy or and modelled. Listening to someone is about being able to put in your
this week. has forgotten what to say, gently own words what you think the other person has told you.
prompt with the start of the
sentence.
Evaluation
This activity is not about getting
it ‘right’. It is about helping and Ask the to class evaluate the session.
co-operating with each other.
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our rules ar
a Teddy Bear - Sentence Completion
- Information Sharing
- Closing Activity
e f a
- Evaluation
for everyone i r
This is a suggestion for Circle Time.
Develop your own to suit your classroom
situation.
Remind children of the rule you talked about in the last session. For
example, ‘We take turns to talk so that we can hear and listen’. Why
Evaluation
might this rule be important? Ask the class to evaluate the session.
Can they suggest a fair rule about how to walk in the classroom and
through the school? For example, ‘We walk inside our school so that
we are safe’. Why might this rule be important?
Can they suggest a fair rule about when someone says something we
don’t agree with or when someone is on their own? For example, ‘We
try to be a good friend so that we make others happy in school’.
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n g
a Teddy Bear - Mixing Up Activity beginning of a new term.
talk i
- Information Sharing
- Closing Activity Circle Time ideas adapted from the
- Evaluation Jenny Mosley Quality Circle Time Model.
ru le s!
This is a suggestion for Circle Time. Mixing Up Activity
Develop your own to suit your Encourages children to mix. This also helps children to say something
classroom situation. that they find difficult to talk about. Ask them to get up from their seat
and change places with someone if:
Welcome and Introduction - they like to talk;
- they don’t like to talk;
Welcome the children to Circle Time. - they like to sing;
- they like to run about and play games.
Information Sharing Closing Activity
This encourages participation, thinking, problem-solving, Bean Bag Game:
decision-making, creativity, co-operation and managing information. Stand in a circle facing inward.
Throw the bean bag and call out
This activity need not be done as a round. Instead, take responses from both your name and the catcher’s
those willing to talk. An adult can pass the talking object between the name, for example Miss Martin
children who have a response. Ask why we need the rule: ‘We take to Peter.
turns to talk so that we can hear and listen’.
Peter catches the bean bag and
- When do we talk ? calls out his name and another
- Who are the people we need to listen to? child’s name. For example, Miss
Martin to Peter, Peter to Siobhan,
- What sort of things do they talk about? Siobhan to Andrew...
- When are the times that we need to keep very, very quiet?
- When are the times we can all talk quietly? Evaluation
- How will we know when to stop talking? Ask the class to evaluate the session.
- How will we know when we can talk?
- What might happen if we cannot hear or do not listen? The other class rules can be
- What can we do if we have not heard what we need to do? explored in the same way.
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Resource A
Personal Development and Mutual Understanding Blue Unit
learning activity 1 : Fair ways to take turns
Jack’s Story
Jack was on holiday in his grandparents’ house with his mother
and his two big sisters, Elizabeth and Sarah. Two little boys called
James and Conor lived next door. They had a big sister too. Her
name was Anna. Every morning the children played together
in Granda’s garden. They played chase, catch, football or shop.
In the afternoons they went to the beach and made huge
sandcastles.
One morning it was very wet and the children could After a while, Jack said he was sorry for always
not go outside. Anna came in and said that her wanting to be Batman. He asked the boys if he could
Mum had told her to ask if Jack, Elizabeth and Sarah help them finish the spaceship. Then they played a
could come next door to play. Off they went. The girls space game. This time Jack said he would be the
went upstairs to Anna’s room. They played with her bad guy!
computer. Jack played downstairs with James and
Conor. They had great fun playing hide-and-seek.
Then Conor took out a big box of Lego. ‘Let’s build Change the characters as appropriate to your class
a space ship,’, he said. But Jack wanted to play and current media programmes or DVDs
Batman and Robin. ‘I’ll be Batman and you can be
Robin, James,’ he said. “Conor will be the bad guy.’
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Resource B
Personal Development and Mutual Understanding Blue Unit
learning activity 1 : Fair ways to take turns
25
Suggested stories Suggested songs Suggested
and rhymes additional resources
Aliki. Manners McCaferty, J. Give That Back Jack Nicholls, S. The Handy Band Puppets
(2002) Rebound by Sagebrush. 0 6130 2372 2 (2004) Usborne Publishing. 0 7460 5276 6 (2004) A & C Black. 0 7136 6897 0 www.puppetsbypost.com
- ‘My Turn, Your Turn’
Allen, J. Little Red Hen Pfister, M. The Rainbow Fish - ‘We Know Better’ Mosley, J.
(2003) Corgi Childrens. 0 5525 4812 X (2001) North-South Books. 3 3142 1388 3 More Quality Circle Time: Evaluating
Sanderson, A. your Practice and Developing Creativity
Cave, K. Something Else Roxbee Cox, P. Don’t Tell Lies Lucy Seasons: Songs for 4-7 Year Olds Within the Whole School Quality Circle
(1999) Storytime Giants S Longman. (2004) Usborne Publishing. 0 7460 5908 6 (1997) A& C Black. 0 7136 4801 5 Time Model
0 5824 1155 6 - ‘Don’t waste water’ 1 8550 3270 8
Dr. Seuss.
Cooper, H. The Baby Who Wouldn’t Go to Bed Thidwick The Big Hearted Moose Umansky, K. Three Singing Pigs: Mosley, J.
(1998) Corgi Childrens. 0 5525 2838 2 (1990) Picture Lions. 0 0017 1608 5 Making Music with Traditional Stories Quality Circle Time
(1994) A & C Black. 0 7136 3804 4 www.circle-time.co.uk
Donaldson, J. The Gruffalo’s Child - ‘Little Red Hen’
(2004) Macmillan Children’s Books. - ‘The Shoemaker and the Elves’ Mosley, J. Sonnet, H.
1 4050 2045 8 - ‘Three Little Pigs’ Here we go round
0 9530 1221 2
Hughes, S. Dogger Umansky, K. Three Tapping Teddies
(1993) Red Fox. 0 0999 2790 X (2000) A&C Black. 0 7136 5118 0 Goldthorpe, M.
- ‘Squintum’s’ Poems for Circle Time & Literacy Hour
McBratney, S. I’m Sorry 1 8550 3269 4
(2001) Picture Lions