LTE Basics, Requirements, Principles

and

Features

Volker Hoehn
TSO Design Standards & Tools

1 LTE Basics C2-Vodafone confidential

27 August 2014
LTE Basics, Requirements, Principles and Features
Understand::
LTE System - EPC Which elements belong to the LTE System. .

LTE Air interface Understand

- How does LTE Air interface works.
principles

Understand
Hardware capabilities - LTE eNode B hardware requirements.

Understand
UE capabilities - What are the User equipment (UE) capabilities.

Understand
Coverage: Link Budget - How to estimate the Link Budget and max Pathloss..
.

Understand
Capacity dimensioning - How to estimate the number of users supported per site/ base band capacity..

Understand
Mobility,SON, Refarming - Mobility, potential SON features & on how to refarm GSM frequency band..

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27 August 2014
LTE Network Architecture Overview

- Flat architecture ( few elements) Ref: Motorola

- Splitted architecture (user plane and control plane)
- Packet only architecture

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TARGET: Unified PS CN supporting 2G/3G/LTE + fixed

BTS
2G/2.5G 2G/3G HSS
RNC BSC SGSN
Gb
Iu-PS PCC
3G Node B PS CN
3G MME
S4 GGSN Gx
GTP-U
S1-MME S/P-GW
S1-U
Gi/SGi
LTE S2 PDN
Fixed Broadband
eNode B & WiFi

Seamless evolution of nodes, possibly through software upgrades:

• Evolution of SGSN node to incorporate MME functionality:
– MME function implemented as a separate logical entity.
– Evolved SGSN supports 2.5G/3G/LTE.
• Evolution of GGSN node to incorporate S/P-GW:
– S-GW and P-GW supported as separate logical entities within same NGME node.
• Use of S4 interface to interwork with legacy PS Core (initially supported via Gn
interface in MME and P-GW).
• Non-3GPP accesses (e.g. DSL, WiFi) supported through S2 interface to P-GW.
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Approaches to EPC deployment

• Option 1: Deploy EPC as an overlay network:

2G/3G
– Minimises risks and impacts on 2G/3G live network. 2G/3G Converge SGSN
SGSN MME + MME
after time
– Attractive approach for EPC launch. x
– Additional hardware required. Converge GGSN
GGSN +
– Considered as an interim step which requires S/P-GW after time x S/P-
GW
migration to the target architecture, once growth in
LTE traffic is achieved.

• Option 2: Evolve the current PS CN directly to the target

architecture (SGSN/MME, S/P-GW/GGSN):
Integrate MME
– Exploits shared Core Network resources. 2G/3G functionality in
SGSN existing 2G/3G
+ MME
– Ideal option for widespread LTE deployment. SGSN

– No additional hardware required.

H-GW
Integrate S/P-GW
NGME functionality in
+ S/P- existing NGME
GW

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Migration to one packet core e.g. VF- Germany

S-GW
4G RAN P-GW
MME

GGSN/
User Plane Consolidated
S-GW/P-GW
2G/3G/4G target architecture
RAN mobile packet core
SGSN/MME Control Plane

- Merge of user and control plane

for all technologies results in an
2G/3G RAN SGSN GGSN optimum HW capacity usage by
total traffic scaling

6 C2-Vodafone confidential
VF-D2 / 27.03.2012
 IPv6 strategy and EPC
• IPv4 address exhaustion has been identified as a real problem and Vodafone has defined a strategy
for addressing this issue based on IPv6 migration. (Address room: 32Bit Æ 128Bit)
• The recommended approach is to migrate the User Plane and the Transport Plane to IPv6 in
different phases, hence phasing deployments and investments.
– User Layer and Transport Layer are loosely coupled and can be migrated separately to IPv6.

User Layer Internet

Services & Apps

2G/3G IMS

RNC
SGSN/ Gi LAN
MME
S/P-GW
2G/3G/LTE Access Evolved Packet
BSC
Network
Core
Node B/BTS/
eNode B Backhaul Converged Packet Network (CPN)
Transport Network GRX Network
Transport Layer
Major impact User plane encapsulated by existing 3GPP protocols Major impact: Network equipment exposed to User plane
• Phase 1: IPv6 migration of the User Layer
– Majority of IPv4 addresses are used in the user plane (provision of IPv4 addresses to end device). So this is
where IPv4 address exhaustion needs to be tackled first.
– Dual Stack, which consists of one PDN context/bearer supporting both IPv4 and IPv6 traffic, is the recommended
approach for enabling IPv6 in the User Plane.
– IPv6 is available and recommended from Day 1 of LTE launch as LTE devices are always-on by definition and
VoLTE will use IPv6.
• Phase 2: IPv6 migration of the Transport Layer foreseen for a later phase.
– Backhaul (for the Mobile Domain) can remain IPv4 until vendors stop supporting it (5 to 10 years).
– Converged Packet Network (CPN) is an MPLS network which can be configured to carry IPv6 traffic using 6PE or
6vPE technologies.
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Conclusions and recommendations on EPC

• The VTN strategy for EPC deployment is:

– MME deployed as separate logical entity within the SGSN (SGSN/MME) as a
target configuration.
– A combined S/P-GW deployed as an evolution of current GGSN.

• This configuration exploits:

– the separation of control and user planes enabling a fully flat LTE architecture.
– implementation optimisation aimed at making better use of platform resources.
• Initial EPC deployment could be de-risked by deploying a separate EPC
network (overlay) and then converge to the target architecture once the LTE
introduction risks are mitigated.
• It is recommended that IPv6 is enable from Day 1 of LTE launch.

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 LTE
LTE Network – Evolved Packet System (EPS)- recap System
– Logical Elements

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Functional split between E-UTRAN and EPC
ÆEvolved Node B (eNB) has most of the Node B and RNC functionality in a single entity
Æ MME & GateWay (xGSN) has most of the SGSN and GGSN funtionality

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 EPS and its interactions with GSM/UMTS Networks

LTE voice solution

The EPS system supports inter-RAT handover between E-UTRAN and 3G/2G and vice versa.
This is performed through the interfaces S3, S4 and S12 in case the Direct Tunnel is deployed.
S3 is the interface between SGSN and MME. It enables user and bearer information exchange
for inter 3GPP access mobility. S4 provides control and mobility support between legacy 3GPP
accesses and the 3GPP anchor function of the S-GW. If Direct Tunnel is not established it also
provides the user plane tunnelling. S12 provides user plane tunnelling when Direct Tunnel is
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established between UTRAN and S-GW (i.e. between RNC or eHSPA Node B and S-GW).
It is using the GTP-U protocol as defined between SGSN and UTRAN.
Principles of Radio Network Access Technologies LTE
Air interface

from GSM via UMTS to LTE principles

Division in
sub-carriers,
time slots

UMTS/ LTE/
GSM WCDMA OFDMA

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 LTE
Key E-UTRAN Radio Access Features Air interface
principles

E-UTRAN Radio Access

A

1.4 MHz

13
Focus on LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)
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OFDM principle

Subcarrier bandwidth: 15kHz

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1. Overlapping sub-carriers yield significant bandwidth gain.
2. The peak of a given sub-carrier occurs at the null of all others-decision point.
3. Each carrier may support a different modulation scheme.
4. There is potentially no Inter- Carrier-Interference.
No Intra-Cell Interference – only Inter-Cell-Interference
No Near-Far effect - no need for fast Power control
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15
But sensitive regarding Inter-Cell-Interference !!!
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 LTE
E-UTRAN Air interface: OFDMA in the Downlink Air interface
principles

Frequency re-use is ‚One‘ like in UMTS

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E-UTRAN Air interface: SC-FDMA in the Uplink

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 LTE
Air interface
principles

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 LTE

Multipath Æ
Air interface
principles

• Helps also the receiver to cope with errors due to inaccurate synchronisation!

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Physical layer comparison of TDD and FDD

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Frame structure LTE FDD (type 1) and TDD (type 2)

• DwPTS: downlink pilot time slot

• UpPTS: uplink pilot time slot
• GP: main guard period for TDD operation

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Downlink/Uplink LTE TDD configurations

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 LTE
LTE Frame structure type 1 for FDD Air interface
principles

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 LTE
Downlink resource grid Uplink resource grid Air interface
principles

1 subframe= TTI= 1ms

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 LTE
Air interface
OFDMA Time-frequency multiplexing principles

Link Adaptation with

Adaptive modulation in
DL: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
UL: QPSK, 16QAM
and coding

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 LTE
Single Carrier FDMA Illustration in the Uplink Air interface
principles

• User multiplexing in frequency & time domain

• Optimized for efficient mobile power amplifier

Terminal 1 Transmitter

eNode B Receiver
Frequency/ time

Terminal 2 Transmitter Frequency/ time

Frequency/ time
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 Downlink Channels: PDCCH, PCFICH, PHICH & PDSCH (2 users)
TTI: Transmission Time Interval

PDCCH: Physical Downlink Control Channel PHICH:Physical hybrid-ARQ indicator channel

PCFICH: Physical control format indicator channel PDSCH: Physical downlink shared channel

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 Uplink channels
Uplink Reference signals
DRS: Demodulation reference signal
for channel estimation in eNode B
receiver
SRS: Sounding Reference Signal provides
UL channel quality information as
basis for scheduling decision

PRACH: Physical random access Channel

PUSCH: Physical Uplink Shared channel

PUCCH at the edge of the band!

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Extended Cell Coverage
Cell ranges and corresponding Timing advance
TA=1,2,..1282 Ts = 1 (15000× 2048)

NTA= 16xTA e.g.: TA=1282

NTAxTs = 16xTAx 1/30720000 = 0,667ms Æ Max

30km 70km 100km

15km

Cell Radius

Description:
TCP TSEQ
• According to 3GPP TS 36.211, four types of preamble
Preamble Format TCP TSEQ Cell Access Radius
formats (0, 1, 2, 3) for PRACH are defined to support
0 3168 ⋅ Ts 24576 ⋅ Ts About 15 km
different values of cell access radius 1 21024 ⋅ Ts 24576 ⋅ Ts About 70 km

• For format 0, the supported cell access radius is 2 6240 ⋅ Ts 2 ⋅ 24576 ⋅ Ts About 30 km

about 15 km, For format 3, the supported cell access 3 21024 ⋅ Ts 2 ⋅ 24576 ⋅ Ts About 100 km

radius is about 100 km coverage

Format 0 Æ 15km by default!
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 Number of Resource Blocks for different bandwidths
Channel bandwidth 1.4 3 5 10 15 20
[MHz]
Transmission 6 15 25 50 75 100
bandwidth (1,08MHz) (2,7MHz) (4,5MHz) (9MHz) (13,5MHz) (18MHz)
configuration NRB

Channel Bandwidth [MHz]

Transmission Bandwidth Configuration [RB]

Transmission
Bandwidth [RB] NRB : Number of Resource Blocks

Channel edge
Channel edge

RB: Resource block is equal to 180 kHz

DC: Dead Centre carrier (Downlink only:;
Resource block

for frequency synchronization)

Active Resource Blocks DC carrier (downlink only)

Frequency bands and corresponding Bandwidth:

LTE2600MHz: 20 MHz, LTE1800MHz: 10MHz, LTE800: 10MHz
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 LTE
Air interface
principles

Spatial
Multiplexing

Prerequisite: Æ decorrelation of the two paths by multi-path propagation &

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spatial antennaC2-confidential
separation(10xλ) or cross-polar antennas
 with CDD with PMI

SFBC: Spatial Frequency Block Coding, SM: Spatial Multiplexing. MCW: Multiple Code Word,
CDD: Cyclic Delay Diversity, PMI: Precoding Matrix Indicator
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Design requirements: Adaptive MIMO modes to be used

• 2-Way Receive diversity

considered as default in Dual Stream
both, uplink and downlink
• 4-Way Receive diversity to
improve the Uplink for
LTE2600MHz
• Adaptive 2 x2 MIMO in DL
• SIMO in UL
• MU-MIMO in UL to improve
capacity
- in the cell center 2x2 MIMO typically
uses dual stream transmission Single stream
(spatial multiplexing) to improve
throughput
- at cell edge 2x2 MIMO typically uses 2x2 MIMO
single stream transmission to configuration
improve coverage and throughput
at cell edge
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 LTE
DL- Peak Throughput in Mbps- theoretically Air interface
principles

Modulation MIMO usage 1.4 3 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz

and coding MHz (15 (25 (50 (75 (100 RBs)
(6 RBs) RBs) RBs) RBs) RBs)
QPSK Single stream 0.9 2.3 4 8 11.8 15.8
16QAM Single stream 1.8 4.3 7.7 15.3 22.9 30,6
64QAM Single stream 4.4 11 18.3 36.7 55.1 75,4
64QAM 2 x 2 MIMO 8.8 22 36.7 75.3 110.1 149,8

UL- Peak Throughput in Mbps- theoretically

Modulation MIMO usage 1.4 3 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz
and coding MHz (15 (25 (50 (75 (100 RBs)
(6 RBs) RBs) RBs) RBs) RBs)
QPSK Single stream 1.0 2.7 4.4 8.8 13 17.6
16QAM Single stream 3.0 7.5 12.6 25.5 37.9 51.0
64QAM Single stream 4.4 11.1 18.3 36.7 55.1 75,4
Uncoded Transmission is not possible due to Transport block Size (TBS)
limitation in 3GPP Specification!
Æ Different TBS Indexes are used for DL and UL, e.g. DL (16QAM):15, UL(16QAM): 21
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Key required hardware capabilities and Software features
on the eNode B for LTE Standard Design Hardware
capabilities
eNode B hardware capabilites (HW):
eNode B
• eNode B hardware capability to support
2x2 MIMO with Downlink Transmit Diversity
Power as a licenced
parameter
• eNode B hardware capability with Cross-
polar antenna to support 2x2 MIMO & 2-way
Receive Diversity for coverage deployment
• eNode B Radio Remote Head (RRH) to
provide the following power at the antenna Max. 1dB
connectors: Cable loss
Bandwidth Power Between RRH
10MHz 2 x 20 W
and antenna
15MHz 2 x 30 W
20MHz 2 x 40 W
FIBRE:
eNode B Software capabilites (SW):
The information is
• Software features to support 2x2 MIMO, in digital mode
TX diversity and 2-way Receive Diversity
• Software features to support adaptive
coding and modulation
• Support of active users pe eNode B: Base Band Unit
400 (10MHz), 600 (15MHz) & 800 (20MHz) (BBU)

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User Equipment (UE) capabilities to support the LTE Standard Design
with the extension to LTE Advanced Classes 6-8
• UE class 2 - 4 (see table below) required to deliver the current target throughput figures
Class Class Class Class Class Class Class Class
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Peak rate 10/5 50/25 100/50 150/50 300/75 300/50 300/100 3/1.5 Gbps
DL/UL Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps
RF 20MHz 20MHz 20MHz 20MHz 20MHz 20MHz 20MHz 5x20MHz
Bandwidth
Modulation 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM
DL
Modulation 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 16QAM 64QAM
UL
Rx diversity Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Tx diversity 1-4tx 1-4tx 1-4tx 1-4tx 1-4tx 1-4tx 1-4tx 1-8tx

MIMO DL optinal 2x2 2x2 2x2 4x4 2x2 2x2 8x8

or 4x4 or 4x4

• User Equipment (Handsets, dongles) Radiated power (EIRP) LTE1800/2600: 14 to 18 dBm

• User Equipment (Handsets, dongles) Radiated power (EIRP) LTE800: 11 to 15 dBm
• User Equipment (Handsets, dongles) Isotropic sensitivity (TIS) LTE800: - 84 to - 89 dBm √
• User Equipment (Handsets, dongles) Isotropic sensitivity (TIS) LTE1800: - 86 to - 91 dBm
• User Equipment (Handsets, dongles) Isotropic sensitivity (TIS) LTE2600: - 87 to - 92 dBm
due to the low antenna performance in handsets and dongles
• Customer Premisy Units (CPE) for Wireless DSL Radiated power (EIRP): 23 dBm √
• UE has to support two receiving paths with Rx diversity & 2x2 MIMO on the receiver side

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√ - Validated on dongles, CPE & smartphones (lower figures refer to VoLTE)
Volker Hoehn,,VF-TSO-A Confidentiality level: C3

27 August 2014
Coverage Macro cellular: Flow of DL Link Budget
Coverage:
Link Budget
DOWNLINK BUDGET
eNodeB Transmit Power
(e.g. 46dBm)
Slow fading margin Antenna Gain

Path Loss
Cable Loss
NodeB Antenna Gain Interference margin Margin

Loss
AntennaGain
Path Loss

Penetration Loss
UE reception sensitivity
CableLoss (e.g. -112dBm)

eNodeB
Body Loss
UE Antenna Gain
Penetration
Loss

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Example of DL Budget Æ Coverage

PL_DL = PBS_RB – Lf_BS + Ga_BS + Ga_UE

– Mf – MI – Lp – Lb – S_UE

• 10MHz –> 50RB

• Power per RB = 46dBm-10*log10(50) From Link level simulations

DL DL Throughput per
Throughput perRBRB
vs vs
SINR
SINR
800

700

600

Throughput(kbps)
500

• 6.9Mbps/50RB=> 130kbps/RB 400

300

200

100

0
-5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
SINR

Spread sheet to calculate the Link Budget is available!

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DL Link Budget – Throughput per Resource Block (RB)

Throughput per RB: (Number of RE - Overhead) x (Modulation,Coding rate)-1 Coverage:

Link Budget
Overhead of PDCCH and RS
„ Overhead of PDCCH: 3(symbol)×12(subcarrier) =36 Resource Element (RE)

„ Overhead of Reference Symbols (2 antennas): 16 REs

„ Total overhead: 36 + 16 – 4 = 48 REs (4 REs are calculated twice)

„ Total number of RE per TTI= 168

Overhead by control channels between 15 - 30%

- impact on user throughput at all
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 Flow of UL Link Budget
Coverage:
UPLINK BUDGET Link Budget
UE Antenna Gain Body Loss

Slow fading margin Antenna Gain

Path Loss
UE Transmit Power
(e.g. 23dBm) Interference margin Margin

Loss

AntennaGain

Path Loss

Cable Loss
Node B Antenna Gain

Penetration Loss
eNodeB reception sensitivity
(e.g. -119dBm)
CableLoss
eNodeB
Penetration Sensitivity
Loss

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Max Path Loss of UL Link Budget (ideal conditions)
PL_UL = PUE_RB + Ga_BS + Ga_UE – Lf_BS

– Mf – MI – Lp – Lb – S_BS
• 23dBm divided by 3RB
UL Throughput per RB vs SINR
700

600

500

Throughput(kbps)
• 256kbps/3RB=> 85kbps/RB
400

300

200

100

0
-10.0 -5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
SINR

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 Elements of UL Link Budget
Coverage:
Link Budget
Overhead of PUCCH and RS
„ PUCCH: RBs Located for transmitting UL control information only, number of PUCCH
RB is change with system bandwidth
„ Two types of uplink reference signals
- Demodulation reference signal (DRS)
- Sounding reference signal (SRS)
„ The actual overhead depends on many factors including number of UE and types of
service in the cell
nPRB = N RB
UL
−1 m =1 m=0
m=3 m=2

• Figure. PUCCH

m=2 m=3
nPRB = 0 m=0 m =1

One subframe • Figure. DRS and SRS

Overhead by control channels between 10 - 20%

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 Coverage thresholds: Reference signal parameters
Downlink
Reference
• Downlink Reference Signal Transmission Tower per RE
Signal
(DL_RS_TX_Power_RE) as equivalent to CPICH power in UMTS TX
Power
• Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)
as equivalent to RSCP (Ec) in UMTS

According to the definitions on the following slides!

eNodeB

Reference Signal
Received
Power
(RSRP)

LTE UE
LTE cell
Reference Signal
44to Interference_ C2-confidential

Noise Ratio (RS-SINR)

Definition of DL_RS_TX_POWER_RE
Coverage:
Link Budget
• Example: Parameters: DL: 2x2MIMO, Pant= 43dBm,
Bandwidth (BW) = 10 MHz Æ50RBs
boost= 0dB
boost = 3dB

DL_RS_TX_Power_RE = Pant -10log (#RB) +10log (1/12) + boost

DL_RS_TX_Power_RE = 43dBm – 17dB – 10.8dB + 0dB

DL_RS_TX_Power_RE = 15,2 dBm without boost

DL_RS_TX_Power_RE = 43dBm – 17dB – 10.8dB + 3dB

DL_RS_TX_Power_RE = 18,2 dBm with boost

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LTE capacity dimensioning
Capacity
dimensioning
Use cases:
• Traffic volume based dimensioning

• Data rate based dimensioning

• Data service (e.g. Internet access) only dimensioning

• Mixed service (e.g. Internet Access + VoIP service)

dimensioning

Aim:
• Estimate number of users per site
• Needed to estimate the LTE Base Band capacity
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 Cell (Sector) capacity – Prerequisite to dimensioning
Maximum amount of data that can be The sector/ cell capacity
supported on a single cell (sector) with users was determined using a
randomly distributed over the site area and
all resources fully utilised
realistic distribution of
the users over the area
by field trials
(Capacity = the sum of the individual (100% load, full buffer)
averages in the cell)

Cell 1 Cell 2

In reality the users are distributed Users in the neighbor cells have to
across the cell, giving a capacity be taken into account due to the
much lower than the peak rate effect of inter-cell interference

Cell capacity: e.g.: 15 Mbps (BW: 10MHz) Number of users

per cell?
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- Traffic volume based dimensioning - example based -
LTE Cell capacity = 15 Mbps (BW: 10MHz)

Convert Mbps in GBytes: / 8192 15 Mbps/ 8192= 0,0017 GByte/s

x 3600 s per hour 0,0017 x 3600= 6 GByte

Busy hour average loading: x 50% 6 GByte x 50%= 3 GByte

Busy hour share of daily traffic: / 15% 3 GByte /15%= 20 GByte

Number of days per month: 30 20 GByte x 30 = 600 GByte

Number of sectors per site: 3 600 GByte x 3 = 1800 GB/site/month

Traffic per user per month: /5 GB 1800 GB/ 5 GB

Total number of users per site 360 users per site

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Unbalanced traffic distribution

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 Capacity improvement opportunities
• Features to mitigate inter-cell interference:
Æ IRC (Interference Rejection Combining)
Æ ICIC (Inter-Cell Interference Coordination)
Æ FDS (Frequency Domain Scheduling) SU-MIMO MU-MIMO
• MU-MIMO in UL & DL
• LTE800 and LTE2600 co-sited
– UE support of LTE800 & LTE2600 needed
• Sector splitting Æ 4-sector site
• Substitute two 33° antennas per sector for Sector Split
65° antenna per sector
• Six sector site
– Trials have shown between 50 - 70% capacity increase

• LTE Advanced features Four Sector Site

– Coordinated Multipoint Transmission (CoMP)
Intra-eNodeB in the Uplink
– 4 x 2 MIMO Æ 4 x 4 MIMO
– Carrier aggregation
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 LTE FDD RAN features to support Service continuity (Mobility)
Software features required to support Mobility:
• Intra-LTE Handover between eNode Bs LTE Basic Requirements
with interruption time lower than 70ms & to
data forwarding across the X2- interface
support
• Interfrequency handover:
HO within LTE between different frequency layers: Service continuity
- between 800MHz – 1.8 GHz, within LTE
- between 800MHz – 2.6 GHz,
- between 1.8GHz – 2.6 GHz
and
between
• Inter-RAT mobility in idle and connected
mode LTE FDD and 3G/UMTS
- between LTE and UMTS and
- between LTE and GSM/GPRS/EDGE
2G/GSM
• CSFB to GSM and UMTS to support voice
- Cell re-direction or Packet Switched Handover
(Inter-RAT)
- Cell re-selection to get back to LTE
- Neighbour list planning to know the 2G and 3G
sites below the LTE Network (UARFCN, BCCH
frequency)
- GSM Dual Transfer Mode (DTM) to keep the data
call
- UMTS Multi-RAB to keep the data call in UMTS

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LTE Standard Design on Self-Optimising of
SON & Refarming
Self Organising Network (SON)
Self-Optimising Radio features required:
• Automatic Neighbour Relations (ANR)

• Automated Allocation and Correction of SON

Physical Cell Identity (PCI) and Root
Sequence Index (RSI)
to optimize
• Capability to turn-off the SON features in
case the LTE Radio Network gets out of
control
the

Hardware capabilties required: LTE RAN

• RET (Remote change of elavation angle) to be
used for optimization automatically
Radio Network planning procedure to
support SON:
• Initial Radio Network Planning to setup the
starting configuration
• Afterwards Optimization to be done
automatically
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LTE Standard Design on GSM Spectrum refarming SON & Refarming

Sandwich mode to be used

with LTE Bandwidth flexibility Refarming

Coordinated scenario standard

of

GSM Spectrum
LTE total spectrum requirements
Refarming of 10MHz GSM
LTE Bandwidth LTE total spectrum requirements Spectrum
Coordinated1 Uncoordinated2 GSM LTE
10 MHz frequencies frequencies
1.4MHz (6RBs) 1,4 MHz 1,6 MHz
49 0
3 MHz (15 RBs) 3 MHz 3,2 MHz
LTE 1,4 MHz
5 MHz (25 RBs) 4,8 MHz 5,2 MHz 42 1,4 MHz
LTE 3,0 MHz
10 MHz (50 RBs) 9,6 MHz 10,4 MHz
34 3,0 MHz
1 Coordinated means that GSM and LTE use the same sites LTE 5,0 MHz
2 Uncoordinated means that different sites are used for GSM
25 5,0 MHz
and LTE
standard
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 LTE Design requirements on LTE FDD Repeater deployment
• Using TX- Diversity mode only one
Amplify & Forward (A&F) Repeater antenna path is sufficient
• Indoor deployment of MIMO mode with
repeaters provides significant throughput gain
• The antenna separation distances:
- 800MHz Æ18,5 cm corresponds to λ/2
as minimum, 2xλ recommended
- 2600MHz Æ22 cm corresponds to2xλ
• To provide outdoor coverage the input
power is similar to eNode B power for
macro cellular deployment
• In case of Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)
for indoor deployment the input power on the
antenna foot point should be between 0 and
5dBm.
• In case of DAS the mean indoor Pathloss should
A & F Repeater advantages: be 75dB. This leads to an RSRP of better than –
- Low latency 95dBm (20MHz), -97dBm (15MHz) and -99dBm
(10MHz).
- Full capacity in DL & UL
• The level of the indoor cell should be at least
- less complexity 6dB better than the best outdoor cell.
Rated output power Tolerance • In Handover zones directional cross polar
P ≥ 31 dBm +2 dB and -2 dB antennas should be used to transmit both MIMO
P < 31 dBm +3 dB and -3 dB streams.
• Coexistence issues to be taken into acount for
Delay important to fit normal cyclic prefix! LTE2600 with WiFi and LTE800 with Wireless
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Mikrophones (Squelch level)
 Summary: Basic requirements, principles and features
• LTE FDD
• Frequency re-use: 1
• 2x2MIMO and TX-Diversity in DL, 2-way RX Diversity
• SIMO, 2-way RX Diversity and 4-Way RX Diversity at 2600MHz
• LTE2600: 20MHz BW, LTE1800: min 10MHz BW & LTE800: 10MHz BW
• Power: 2x20W in case of BW: 2x10MHz,
• Power: 2x30W in case of BW: 2x15MHz
• Power: 2x40W in case of BW: 2x 20MHz
• At least UE class 3, UE class 4 prefered
• RSRP and RS-SINR as Coverage threshold parameters
• Potential SON features for configuration and optimization
• Refarming of GSM Spectrum if necessary

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 What‘s that?
LTE
My
God!
Wow!!!

56 C2-confidential