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PLANT
Organism P Organism Q
Describe the type of nutrition in organism P and organism R.
Organism P
1
F1-Autotrophic nutrition
P1-Synthesize its own glucose / starch from carbon dioxide and water with the help of light 1
energy through the process of photosynthesis
Organism Q 1
F2-Heterotrophic nutrition/ holozoic 1 4
P2-Obtain its food source/organic substances from the surroundings (eat plant/ producer)
89
In this experiment, 20 cm3 of distilled water is used and 2.0 g of peanut and 1.8 g of
dried prawn is burnt. The initial and final temperature of water is shown in Table 1below.
(f) Suggest two ways of obtaining a more accurate result in this experiment.
1. Water in the boiling tube must be stirred to ensure that the heat is distributed evenly.
1
2. (The food must be oxidized completely by) making sure the flame does not extinguished
too quickly. 1
3. The distance between the food and the boiling tube must not be too far. 1
4. Make sure the thermometer does not touch the bottom of the test tube.( Any two ) 1 4
90
Explain the difference on the daily energy requirement between a very active man and
moderately active man 2
F -Very active man need 15100kJ energy , but moderate active man only need 12600 kJ energy 1
E -because very active man need more energy to carry out all the heavy / tough activity 1 2
(b) Pregnant women need more calcium in their diet .Explain why
P1 Calcium need for formation of bone and teeth of the mother 1
P2 calcium also needed by the fetus to form the bone and teeth 1
P3 the mother to be need calcium to prepare the mammary gland to produce milk 1
P4 milk is the food for the baby Any 2 1 3
(c) Individual group Daily energy Carbohydrate/g Protein /g Fats/g
requirement/kJ
Man
Sedentary work 10080 390 90 53
Moderate work 11760 455 105 62
Heavy work 16380 635 146 87
Women
Sedentary work 7980 310 70 42
Moderate work 9420 260 85 49
Heavy work 12600 490 115 67
Pregnancy 10500 410 95 56
91
Children
Up to 2 years 5040 195 45 27
3 to 6 years 6300 245 56 33
Module Biology Trial Paper Collection
Lunch
A bowl of chicken rice A piece of roasted chicken A bowl of chicken soup A glass
of carbonated drink
Dinner
Does the menu provide a balanced diet for the pregnant women ,Discuss your opinion
F1-No 1
A plate of fried noodle A banana A cup of coffee 1
P1-Contains too much fat
1
P2-infired rice/fried noodle 1
P3-Increase cholesterol; level 1
E1-cause excess body weight/hypertension/cardiovascular problems 1
P4 -carbonated drink contain excess sugar
1 92
1
E2-cause diabetes
1
P5-containing colouring,preservatives/chemicals/acids
E3-cause cancer/gastritis 1
P6-cofee contain caffeine/drugs/chemicals 1
E4-Acting on nerves 1
1
P7-Less/no vegetables
1
E5-cause constipation 1
P8-Less vitamin/minerals/ferum//other example 1
E6-For good health/make blood//other example 1
OR
F-Yes
1
P1-Rice provides carbohydrates 1
E1-For energy 1
P2-Fresh milk provide proteins 1
E2-For growth of foetus 1
1
E3-Calcium for bone formation
1
P3-Roasted chicken provides proteins
E4--Less fats so less risk of cardiovascular problems 1
P4-chicken soup provide minerals//examples 1
1
E5-for good health//other example
1
P5-Banana provides fibre
1
E6-Avoid constipation 1 10
(e) Beside the basic nutrient shown in table 8.1, what other nutrient are also essential to be
inculded in our daily diet 4 1
F1Vitamin e.g. calcium/iron/sodium/potassium/chlorine/magnesium/iodine/sulphur/phosporus/
Flourine/chlorine
F3-(dietary) fibre/roughage,eg cellulose from fruits/vegetables/plants
1
F4- water
1 3
93
3 - and osteoporosis most often in women who have gone through menopause 1
4 - The source of calcium is milk / cheese. 1
Ferum 1
5 - Required in the production of haemoglobin. 1
- Insufficient ferum leads to anemia 1
7 - Ferum can be found in meat 1
Iodine 1
8 - Important component of the hormone (thyroxine) produced by the thyroid gland. 1
9 - symptom of deficiency is goiter 1
10 - the source of iodine is sea food/seaweed/ iodine salt 1
10
No Marking scheme Marks
(b) Roughage or dietary fibre Trail Johor
State the function of food in R (Roughage/dietary fibre)/ State one importance of roughage in
digestion
Aids/stimulates peristalsis//prevent constipation //absorbing and eliminating toxic substances 1 1
Name the classes of food that build the muscle tissue and give two example
F-Protein 1 95
P-Fish and meat 2
Explain why ice cream, butter cake are placed at level 4 in the food pyramid6 1
1
P1: Food at level 4 should only be taken in smallest amount / ratio.
1
P2: Ice cream contains a lot of sugar. 1
P2: Sugar has high energy value. 1
P3: Excessive sugar in the body will lead to obesity / diabetes. 1
P4: Butter cake contains a lot of lipid. 1
1
P5: Lipid has high energy value. 1
P6: Excessive lipid will form adipose tissue in the body// increase cholesterol level in body. 1
P7: (Excessive lipid will) lead to heart attack / cardiovascular disease/ stroke. 1
(b) Explain the importance of consuming food from level 2 in our daily diet.4
P1: Food at level 2 contains a lot of water, vitamins, minerals and roughage / fibre.
1
P2: Water is important in all cell activities / physiological /biochemical processes in our body. 1
P3 : Body need enough vitamins to preserve / maintain health// Any suitable example of 1
vitamin and the related function
P4: Body need enough minerals to preserve / maintain health and growth // Any suitable 1
example of mineral and the related function.
P5: Roughage is necessary in the diet to stimulate peristalsis / to prevent constipation.Any 4 P 1
(c)
Explain how to achieved a balanced diet byconsuming food from diverse source.
Sample Answer
P1: Ulam type of salad include fresh leaves/fruits/other plant parts which are eaten raw
P2: rich in mineral ions, vitamins and fibre
P3: other sources of protein rabbit meat/quail meat/ostrich meat/freshwater fish / prawn
P4: rabbit meat is rich in protein but low in fat and cholesterol / the meat has soft texture //
ostrich meat is nutritious // fresh water fish low in cholesterol, the protein is easily digestible 96
P5: mushrooms have high nutrient content
Any four
Based on your biological knowledge about balanced diet, explain the factors that
determine the energy requirement for the three individuals in figure 6.1
A lady athlete:
F1: An athlete is a very active person and has high rate of metabolism to produce energy.
E1: The diet should include more carbohydrates to supply enough energy to carry out the
vigorous activity in sports.// She needs to contract and relax her muscles frequently for
her vigorous activities. //Energy is needed to contract the muscles.
E2: The diet should include more protein to build new tissues to replace tissues that are
dead or damaged.
E3: She also needs calcium, sodium and potassium to strengthen the bones and to prevent
muscular cramp.
A pregnant lady:
F2: A pregnant lady has a high rate of metabolism to provide energy for herself and the
baby.
E4: The pregnant lady also needs more iron and calcium to build red blood cells to avoid
anemia.
E5: She needs a high quantity of calcium and phosphate to form strong teeth and bones for
the baby.
An old lady:
F3: An old lady has low rate of metabolism as she does not need energy to grow. (age)
E6: An old lady needs less carbohydrates and fats because she is less active and thus do not
need much energy.
E7: she needs more proteins, vitamins and minerals to replace dead tissues and maintain
her daily activities
E8:She needs calcium and phosphorus to prevent osteoporosis
E9: She should avoid food that contains a lot of fats, sugar and salt because excess fat can
lead to heart diseases, excess sugar can cause diabetes mellitus and excess salt can cause 97
high blood pressure.
F1, F2 and F3 and any five E:
6.3 Malnutrition
(d) Malnutrition caused by the unbalanced diet. Malnutrition of B (protein) for long term will
affects certain health problem
Explain this statement
P1-Malnutrition due to the lacking, the excessive or the wrong proportion of nutrient intake for 1
a long term
P2-Example of protein :bean/meat/fish
1
P3-Lack of protein intake cause kwashiorkor
1
P4-Health problem/symptom: scaly skin/thin muscle /thin hairs
1
OR
P3-Excessive protein intake cause gout/kidney stone/kidney damage
1
P4-Health problem/symptom: inflammation of joint/urination trouble
1 4
(f) State two effect of malnutrition by giving suitable example 4
F1-Kwashiorkor 1
E1-Protien deficiency 1
F2-Marasmus 1
E2-Protien deficiency combined with a lack of energy-providing nutrient 1
F3-Scurvy 1
98
E3- Deficiency vitamin C 1
F4-Osteoporosis/oateomalacia 1
E4-Deficiency in calcium /phosphorus/vitamin D 1
F5-Obesity 1
E5-Excess carbohydrate and lipids 1
F6-diabetes Mellitus 1
E6-Excess sugar 1
F7-Cardiovascular disease/high blood pressure 1
E7-Excess saturated fat/cholesterol 1
Note: MAX 4 4
(g)
A B C
Name and explain the disease in Diagram A, Diagram B and Diagram C related to malnutrition.
Diagram A
1
1-Kwashiorkor
2-A child does not receive sufficient protein in his diet. 1
3 -has the characteristic sign of scaly skin, thin muscles , thin hair and a swell of the body 1
Diagram B
4- Rickets
1
5 - Vitamin D deficiencies
6 - poor teeth and bone formation in children 1
7 - leads to softening and weakening of the bones.. 1
Diagram C 1
8 - Obesity
9 - excessive intake of food rich in fat 1
10 - body weight exceed by 20% of ideal/ normal weight t 1 10
99
A teenager frequently consumes the fats food for a long period of time
Explain the effect of consuming the above meal for a long period of time compared to
consuming a balanced diet for the same period of time 10
F1-Excess mineral salts can cause higher osmotic pressure in the blood 1
P1-Excess fats will be converted into cholesterol 1
F2-Cholesterol accumulates at the artery wall and cause arteriosclerosis 1
P2-High blood cholesterol levels are a risk factor for heart attack and stroke. 1
P3-Excess protein cause excess amino acids which lead to gout. and cause kidney failure. 1
F4-Low in roughage can cause constipation. 1
P5-Deficiency in roughage also leads to difficulties in peristalsis process along digestive tract 1
F5-Food preservatives, food colouring and food flavoring consists of carcinogenic substances. 1
P6-It may cause cancer 1 10
(c)
100
6. 4 Food digestion
P4 - Storage of nutrients such as fat-soluble vitamins (A & D)/ B12/ ferum/ copper/ potassium.
P5- Detoxification of poisonous substances such as alcohols/drugs/ toxins/pesticides/carcinogens
/poisons.
P6 - Deamination of amino acids.
P7 - Produce heat.
Syarifah eats too many mangoes with vinegar. Explain the effect of eating too much of this kind
of mangoes on the digestion of food in Y.(Duodenum)
1 - Mangoes with vinegar contain much acid, so its reduces the pH value/ increases acidity in the
duodenum
2 - Acid medium is less suitable for the action of enzyme lipase, amylase and trypsin
3 - less/ no lipid is digested/hydrolysed to fatty acid and glycerol by lipase
4 - less/ no starch is digested/hydrolysed to maltose by amylase
5 - less/ no polypeptide is digested/hydrolysed to peptides by trypsin
Duodenum Which organ involves in digestive system and endocrine system
(Pancreas) Organ S
State the function of the organ labeled (pancreas)
In digestive system : secretes enzyme lipase, amylase and trypsin
In endocrine system : Secreted insulin and glucagon
Name the secretion found in X
Pancreatic juice
Name a enzyme
Pancreatic amylase/trypsin/lipase
Write a word equation to show the process of food digestion in liver
(1) Pancreatic amylase (1)
Starch+ Water Maltose
explanation, state the effects of the removal of organ S on enzymes and hormones, and how these
affect the digestion and the level of glucose in the blood.
F1-no / less secretion lipase
E1- no / incomplete lipid digestion
F2- no / less secretion amylase
E2- no / less starch digestion
F3 -no / less secretion trypsin
E3- no / less protein digestion
F4- No insulin released
E4 -the blood glucose level high
F4 /F5 F5 : No glucagon released
E5- the blood glucose level low
What advice can you give to the patient to help him handle his health problem that may arise
from the removal of organ S
P1-Avoid / Reduce the intake of oily food
P2-Avoid / Reduce the intake of carbohydrates /sugar
P3-Reduce the intake of protein
P4-injections of insulin
P5-pancreas implantation
A man is suffering from cancer, his organ Z need to be removed. What should he do to handle
health problems that may arise from the removal of organ Z?
P1 - Reduce the intake of high carbohydrate food / protein /fatty food.
P2 - Get insulin injection when needed / if glucose level too high.
P3 - Get glucagon’s injection when needed / if glucose level too low.
P4 - Pancreas transplant.
P5 - Eat more vegetables / fruits.
Ileum Name the secretion and enzyme found in Y
Secretion : Intestinal juice
Enzyme: Maltase/lastase/sucrase/erepsin
State the final product of protien digestion in T
Amino acids
State one importance of the final product you state in
P1-bulid new cells/growth
P2-Repair/renew damaged cell
P3-Producing enzyme /antibodies / hormones
State the final product of carbohydrate digestion in T
Glucose
Name an enzyme involved in the digestion of carbohydrate in T
Amylase pancreatic amylase
Write a word equation to show the process of food digestion in Ileum [2marks]
104
(1) Maltase (1)
Maltose + Water glucose
105
Criteria
1. Identify the classes of food in fried food P /banana
2. Peristalsis occurring in the any parts of alimentary canal
3. Digestion of carbohydrate in month//ileum with correct enzyme
4. Digestion of fats in duodenum//ileum with correct enzyme
5. Any correct product of carbohydarate
P1-Fried banana /food P is rich in carbohydrate/starch and fats 1
(physical digestion takes place in the mount where fried banana are chewed into smaller pieces 1
of carbohydrate)
P3-In the month Salivary amylase hydrolysed the pieces of carbohydrates/starch 1
P5 in to maltose 1
P2-The food is push down the oesophagus through peristalsis 1
(In stomach ,Food P is not hydrolysed)
P4-Fats is hydrolysed /break down 1
P5-To fatty acids and glycerol by lipase // 1
Lipase
Fats + Water Fatty acids+ glycerol ( in an alkaline medium) 1
In ileum
P4&P5( fats is hydrolysed /break down into fatty acids and glycerol 1
P3&P5-Maltose is hydrolysed into glucose//sucrose is hydrolysed ny sucrose to glucose and
fructose//lactose is hydrolysed by lactase to glucose and galactose (in alkaline medium) 1 10
(c) The main food for baby is milk ,describe th digestion of milk in the stomach 4
P1-(gastric glands in the wall of ) stomach secrete gastric juic 1
P2-Gastric juice ( cintian mucus.HCl),Pepsin nd renin 1
P3-Renin coagulates milk by converting soluble milk protien caseinogen to ythe insoluble 1
casien
P4-Casein ios then hydrolysed( digested) by pepsin to peptones 1
P5-HCl optimises pH in the stomach for action of enzyme 1 4
Digestion of cellulose in ruminants and rodents
106
Explain One similarity and four differences between alimentary canal R and S
Similarity:
Organism Q Organism R 1
1 The type of diet is omnivores The type of diet is herbivores
2 Stomach has one chamber Stomach has four chambers 1
3 Microorganisms in the digestive tract do Bacteria and protozoa in rumen and 1
not play an important role in digestion of reticulum secrete the enzyme cellulase to
cellulose/ do not have enzyme cellulase digest cellulose
to digest cellulose.
4 The food from the mouth is swallowed to The food from the mouth is swallowed to
the stomach without regurgitation. the rumen and reticulum, then it is 1
regurgitated into the mouth to be chewed
again before being swallowed into the
6
omasum.
(c) The digestive system of rodent and herbivores
107
By giving one example of organism S , explain how the structure involved in the digestion
process
Explain the effect of malfunction of organ S and organ R to the digestion of food P
Malfunction of liver
P1-Too little /no bile is secreted by the liver 1
P2-Resulting fats is not / hardly emulsified //medium is not alkaline 1
Malfunction of pancreas
P3-Too little / no pancreatic juice us secreted 1
P4- lipid is not / hardly hydrolysed by amylase to maltose 1
P5-Starch is not /hardly hydrolysed by amylase to maltose Any 4 1 4
(b)
(e) A gall bladder of a patient is removed due to a gall stone. Explain the effects on the health.
P1-Bile cannot be secreted by gall bladder to emulsify excess of lipids into the tiny droplets 1
P2-Lipase cannot react on lipids effectively / less lipids is digested to fatty acid and glycerol. 1
P3-Bile cannot neutralize the acidic foods from the stomach 1
P4-Alkaline medium that is an optimum meduim for the digestion of lipids, carbohydrate and 1
protein cannot be created.
P5The digestion of lipids, carbohydrate and protein are affected.
P6-More acid in the duodenum, it leads to duodenum gastric. 1
1 4
No Marking scheme Marks
(f) Gallstone preventing the flow of bile
A man has his bile duct blocked with gallstones. He is advised to cut down on
his fat intake. Explain why such an advice is given to him?
F1 : ( When the bile duct is blocked) , bile cannot be channeled out to the duodenum 1
1
F2 : Fats / lipids cannot be emulsified 109
1 3
F3 : Digestion of fats /lipids will be very slow / digestion of fats /lipids will be incomplete
By referring to diagram 8(a) and *(b), explain the characteristic/adaptation of structure X and
Y a a major site of nutrient absorption in human digestive system6
Strcuture X
F1-Being almost 6 meter long
1 110
E1-For maximum absorption of nutrient 1
F2-Highly folded 1
E2- Provides a large surface area for efficient absorption of digested food./To increase the rate 1
of nutrient absorption
F3-Having finger like projections called villi over its surface 1
1
E3-To increase total surface area for efficient absorption
Structure Y
F4-Have microvilli 1
E4-To increase the surface area for absorption 1
F5-Have thin walls : one cell thick 1
1
E5-so that digested food can be aborb rapidly
1
F6-Have rich supply of blood capillary
E6-To transport glucose, amino acids and water soluble vitamin 1
F7-Have lacteals 1
E7-To absorb fatty acids and glycerol/water soluble vitamin efficiently F+E=1mark 1 10
(c)
Based on the figure ,Explain three structural adaptation of the small intstine in effective
absorption of digested food
F1-length of intestine is long (6m) 1
E1-Increase time for food absorption increase SA for absorption 1
F2-Inner surface is (highly) floaded 1
1
E2-To increase the SA for absorption
1
F3-Numerous villi ( on the inner surface if iluem)
E3-to increase the SA for absorption 1
F5-Numerous blood ncapillaries and lacteal 1 111
E5-to transport absorbed nutrient ( away)//to maintian concentration gradient ( form diffusiuon
1 6
of nutrient) Any 3F+3E
Amino acids
Glucose
Glucose Lipid
Amino acids
Vessel Q
112
(c) Vessels P and Q transport digested food form the villi to the liver and body cells Respectively
Name vessel and Q
P:Hepatic portal vein 1
Q:Lymphatic/lymph vessel/duct 1 2
(d) Figure 6.2 shows human’s digestive system. X is part of the cross section of structure Y.
Figure 6.2
What are the processes that occur in structure Y?
Describe the processes by giving examples
F1: Digestion //
P1-Intestinal glands of the wall of ileum secrete a few enzymes to complete the digestion
1
process.
P2-Digestion process is completed in ileum to produce simple sugars (glucose, fructose and 1
galactose), amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol.
P3-Example: (any correct enzymes/ intestinal juices and substrate reaction) 1
P5-Blood capillaries in the villus absorb simple sugars, amino acids, minerals, vitamins B and
1
C… 113
P6-Lacteal of the villus absorb fatty acids, glycerol, fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) 1
Must have F1 and F2 and other 3 10
(e) Explain how glucose is transferred form the small intestine to the body cells
P1-Glucose in the lumen of small intestine enter the epithelial cells by active transport 1
P2-Glucose from epithelial cells enter blood capillary by facilitated diffusion 1
1
P3-Blood carry the glucose into the hepatic Portal vein
1
P4-Hapatic portal vein channel the blood containing glucose into the liver
Liver cells will use/assimilate some of the glucose
P5-Blood then send the glucose to the heart via hepatic vein then vena cava 1
P6-Heart pump the blood to all body cells 1
P7-Glucose diffused from the blood capillary into the body cells by facilitated diffusion any 6
1 6
Assimilation of digested food
(c) Explain what will happen to a person if his liver receives insufficient insulin from the
pancreas2
P1-Diabetes mellitus blood sugar level increase level increase // hyperglycemia 1
P2-Exces glucose cannot be converted to glycogen 1 2 114
Digested nutrient will be absorbed by ileum and some of ity will be transported to liver .In the
liver , the nutrient arte used form complex Process that take place in the liver
F-Able to state the nutrient that transported to liver
P-Able to describe the process that take place in liver
F1-Glucose 1
Amino acids 1
P1-Assimilation 1
P2-Glucose used as the main respiratory substrate/release energy 1
P3-Excess glucose is converted to glycogen and stored in the liver 1
P4-Further excess is converted in to lipids 1
P5-when the blood glucose level decrease below the normal level , glycogen is converted back 1
into glucose
P6-Amino acids are used in protein synthesis for the production of new protoplasm , growth
1
and repair
P7-Amino acids are involved in the formation of enzymes and some hormones
1
P8-Amino acids are also involved in the formation of the protein part of hemoglobin in the red
blood
P9-Excess amino acids are deaminated to form urea which is excreted in the urine any 7P 1
10 115
Synthesizing Skill :Able to state one of F,P1-and any 3P correctly
Urea
Glucose Kidney
Amino Acids
Glycogen
Glucose
Lipid
Glucose Amino Acids
Fatty acids& Glycogen Ileum
Based on the diagram on diagram ,explain how the ileum and liver in the absorption and
assimilation of the following digestedfood substances
(i) Glucose
(ii) Amino acids
(iii) Fatty acids
F1-iluem has (adaptive features such as having ) many villi/villus /very thin cell wall /villus are 1
surrouded by dense network of blood capilarry/lacteal
E1-To increase the rate of diffusion of dieated food 1
E2-glucose diffused from villi into the blood capilary to the liver via the hepatic portal vein 1
E3-excess glucose is converted to glycogen ( to be kept in the liver) 1
E4-Glycogen acts as stored food 1
E5-in body tissueglucose is oxidized during the cellular respiration to produce energy
E6-amino acids from villi diffused into blood capilary to the liver via the hepaic portal vien 1
E7-Excess amino acid is deaminated/conveted into urea( to be excreated through the kidney) 1
E8-amino acid will be used to synthesis new protoplasm/repair of damaged tissue//used to 1
synthesis protien of plasma membrane//produce enzymes antibodoes/hormones
E9-fatty acids dissuse from villi into lacteal
1
E10-Then reansport to the throracic duct/right lymphatic vessel//lymphatic vessel
E11-To the subclavin veins back to the blood circulatory system 1
E12-Fatty acids is synthesized to form the plasmamembrane 1
E13-Stored in the adiposed tissues(beneath the skin as a source of energy) Any 10 1 10
(h) Explain the assimilation of digeated food of glucose and amino acids b organ R / liver
Glucose
P1Gucose is used ( by cells ) to produced energy/ carry ( cellular ) respiration 1
P2Excess of glucose in the blood is converted to glycogen and //Stored as glycogen as 1
glycogen
P3-When glucose level in the blood is low the glycogen is converted into glucose 1
P4-Excesss of glycogen is converted into lipids 1
Amino acids 117
P1-Synthesis of plasms protien /enzymes /any suitable protien molecule form amino acids 1
P2-Excess amino acids are converted/ deaminated into area ( to be excreated) Any 4 1 4
Marking scheme
Amino P1- Amino acids from villi diffused into blood capilary to the liver via the hepaic portal vien
Acids P2-Amino acids is used to synthesise plasma protein in the liver
P3-Excess amino acids undergo deamination to produce urea in the liver
P4-Urea is then eliminated by the kidney
P5-Amino acid is used to synthesise enzymes/antibodies/hormones/new protoplasm/repair
damaged tissues in the body cells
Glucose P1-iluem has (adaptive features such as having ) many villi/villus /very thin cell wall /villus are
surrouded by dense network of blood capilarry/lacteal
P2-To increase the rate of diffusion of dieated food
P3-glucose diffused from villi into the blood capilary to the liver vua the hepatic portal vein
P4-Gucose is used ( by cells ) to produced energy/ carry ( cellular ) respiration
P5-Excess glucose is converted to glycogen and stored in the liver
P6-when the blood glucose level decrease below the normal level , glycogen is converted back into
glucose
P7-Excesss of glycogen is converted into lipids
P8-In the body cells , glucose is oxidized to released energy in cellular respiration
If she continues to take the menu everyday for a long time , explain the consequence to her
health
F1-Constipation 1
E1-Her menu lacks fibre/roughage so her faeces moves too slowly through the colon 1
F2-Scuvry 1
E2-Lack of vitamin C //any other vitamin deficiency with explanation 1
F3-Obesity 1
E3-High intake of roasted chicken/gilled mutton /chocolate/chips increase the amount of fat 1
stored in the body
F4-diabetes mellitus 1
E4-Excess of carbohydrate in rice/chips/potatoes/chocolate increase the amount of glucose in 1
blood when digested
F5-Arteriosclerosis/Arthrosclerosis 1
E5-Roasted chicken /grilled mutton /chips contain 1
F6-Heartattack 1
E6-Roasted chicken /grilled mutton/chips contain cholesterol which are deposited in te 1
coronary artery//cause blockage in the coronary artery
1
F7-High blood pressure
1 6
E7-Narrowing of artery cause the heart to pump with higher pressure
119
A teenage boy aged 13 eats 500g this snack food for energy week
Is the snack food suitable as a daily diet for the boy? Describe the effect of taking this snack
food over a long period
F-not suitable 1
P1-The snack contains high fat and protein 1
P2-the intake of high fat irregularly may lead to obesity 1
P3-saturated fats in the snack may deposited in the wall of artery 1
1
P4-the narrow lumen of artery leads to arteriosclerosis 1
P5-soon the teenager faces high blood pressures 1
P6-If arteriosclerosis occur at coronary artery the teenager may have heart attack 1
P7-Excessive intake of protein may cause kidney problem 1
1
P8-th snack contain lack of fibre
1 6
P9-This may lead to constipation
(c)
Breakfast Lunch Dinner
Full cream mik Rice with brrf curry Chicken burger
Fried egg Fried chicken Cheese cake
Fried chicken rice Ice cream Teh tarik
Carbonated soft drink
Explain the long term effect of comsuming excess of these foods on harith health
F1-Full cream milk,fried egg, fried rice chicken,beef curry 1
E1-A health problem will be obesity 1
E2-Excess saturated fats increases the bood cholesterol level 1
E3-Cholesterol deposits on the walls of the blood vessel narrowing them 1
E4-This will contribute to cardiovascular disease/arteoriolesis /hypertensiom/heart problem 1
F2-Fried egg crry,fired chicken ,chicken burger also contain a lot of protien beside fat 1 120
E5-Excess protien will,cause very taxing on the kidneys duirng excretion 1
E6-Might alos lead to gout 1
You are asked to prepared a talk on good eaing habits for a group of parents
Dicuss the good eating hanits that you may want to educate them
P1-Good eating habits mean taking food in the correct quatity/propotion at the correct time 1
P2-Improper eating habitscan lead health problemssuch a obesity/diabetes mellitus /anorexia 1
nervosa / and bulimia
P3-Always eat a balanced diet that include all /seven /the different classes of food /prtoein , 1
carbohydrate, fat, vitamins , minerals , water and fibre ( follow food pyramids)
P4-Take propermeals a regular times of the days //take in three meals a day ( breakfast,lunch 1
and dinner) 121
P5-Check the food labels for information regarding the nutrint content s /The total caloroies of 1
the food]
P6-avoid consuming unhealthly food /junk foods,snack foods,because junck food include food
Module Biology Trial Paper Collection
Element Function
Nitrogen For the formation of protein /nucleic acid chlorophyll/photosynthetic 1
enzyme/respiratory enzyme
Phosphorus For the formation of nucleic acids/ ATP/ Phospholipids/ coenzymes/
/important for the synthesis of protein/plasma membrane 1
Potassium For the protein/carbohydrate metabolism 1
Calcium For the formation of lamella //Formation of spindle fibres 1
Sulphur For the formation of protein//coenzyme in respiration 1
122
Element Function
1
Boron For carbohydrate transport
1
6.10Photosynthesis
123
How are cells within the tissue of a leaf adapted for photosynthesis? Essay /Structure
e.g.: Explain the adaption of the leaf to optimal/ increase efficiency photosynthesis
Explain how the light intensity affect the opening of structure R (Stoma)3
F1-High light intensity simulate photosynthesis in guard cells/Cell Q
E1-Guard cells producing glucose //Potassium ions (K+) Diffuse/moves into guard cells
by active transport 125
E2-The guard cell become hypetonic compare to neighbouring cell
E3-Water moves into/diffuses by osmosis
E4-Guard cells/Cell Q become turgid (stoma open)
Module Biology Trial Paper Collection
Light reaction
No Marking scheme Marks
(a) 4H2O 4H++4(OH-)
Name the process that has taken place based on the equation above
Photolysis of wtaer 1 1
(b) Where does the reaction take place?
Granum of chloroplast 1 1
(c)
Dark Reaction
129
Light intensity
130
Temperature
Rate of photosynthesis
10 20 30 40
Temperature /oC
Explain how an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide affects the production of Z in stage 2
P1-When the amount of carbon dioxide is increased, more Z (glucose) is produced 1
P2-A higher amount of carbon dioxide I reduced by the hydrogen atoms produced in stage I 1 2
,and results in more (glucose)
(c)
131
Based on the diagram , Explain the changes of the concentration of carbon dioxide occurs at the
places where the density of plants is high such as at the tropical rainforest
F1-At night ,percentage of CO2 is high/increase 1
The difference in the rate of photosynthesis in plant throughout the day Trail Johor
Based on the graph, explain the changes in the rate of photosynthesis in the plant throughout
the day 10
1
F1-From 0000 to 0600 , the rate of photosynthesis is very low
P1-The light intensity/temperature is (very) low 1
P2-(at low temperature), photosynthetic enzyme are inactive 1 132
F2-From 0600 to 1200 , the rate of photosynthesis increase (rapidly) 1
1
P3-Light intensity/temperature also increase
Based on the statement , explain why this method is carried out to ensure the production of
crops throughout the year 6
F-In temperature countries light intensity/temperature changes throughout the year
1
P1-In winter, temperature is very low 1
P2-In autumn, the plants shed their leaves //light intensity/temperature is low 1
P3-Rate of photosynthesis is very low 1
P4-In spring and summer, the light intensity/temperature are optimum for photosynthesis 1
1
P5-So the rate of photosynthesis is maximum/highest
P6-In the green house , light intensity/concentration of carbon dioxide/ temperature are 1
maintained at optimum level (for photosynthesis) throughout the year
P7-So the rate of photosynthesis is maintain at maximum level throughout the year(regardless 1
of changes in light intensity or temperature)
P8-The plants are able to increase yields /increase the crops production throughout the years 1 8
(b) Explain why the rate of photosynthesis of plant in green is higher than plant outside
1
P1-Factors affecting can be be controlled at high level all the time
1
P2-Artificial lighting can be used when light intensity is low 133
P3-concentration of cerbon dioxide nof carbon dioxide can be increased by burning paraffin 1
P4-Temperature can be controlled by using temperature controller 1
Nowadays , the crops such as heat, soya bean, paddy and tomatoes are widely to be
cultivated commercially as genetically modified plant
Based on the information above, discuss the advantages and disadvantage of producing
genetically modified organisms in food production 6
Advantages:
P1-Used to produce disease resistance /pest resistant plants 1
P2-Less pesticides are used 1
P3-Les pollution to the environment //better health for consumers 1
P4-increase yields of cops/ profitability 1
P5-help to solve problem of insufficient 1
P6-Increase resistance in plant to herbicide eg. Soya bean plantation 1
P7-Higher vitamin A / Beta carotene content in rice /tomato/accept suitable example of crops 1
P8-Help to solve problem of malnutrition 1
P9-Produce crop with longer shelf lifes 1
P10-Prevent food wastage Any 4P 1
Disadvantage:
P11-Pest resistant genes may be transferred to weeds cause difficult to control growth of weeds 1 134
P12-Some genetic modified crops may have animal genes 1
P13-genetic modified crops may have affect the survival of other organism in the ecosystem 1
P14-Cause the imbalance o nature Any 2P 1
Module Biology Trial Paper Collection
Based on the above statement, explain the necessity for food processing.
P1 – prevent food spoilage 1
P2 – (food spoilage) causes by the action of microorganism 1
P3 – decomposing bacteria/fungi on carbohydrate/protein
1
P4 – produced carbon dioxide, water, ammonia hydrogen
P5 – make food become toxic 1
P6 – Oxidation of food when cut/expose to air 1
P7 – oxygen react with enzymes/chemicals released by cell 1
P8 – Increase it commercial value 1
P9 – food additives is added in preserving the freshness of
food
P10 – Improve the taste/appearance/texture 1
P11 – Intention of diversifying the uses of food 1
P12 – increased the variety of products 1 10
(b) Diagram 9.2 show a few examples of fresh food and processed food.
Discuss the good effects and bad effects of processed food in our daily life
Good Effect : By producing processed food
G1:Food can be preserved / kept longer. 1
G2 : to prevent wasting of food./food spoilage/can be stored for (further use) 1
G3:Crops can be planted / livestock / poultry can be reared in big scale.
G4 :to prevent food shortage. 1
G5:(food are packaged) to increase the commercial value / to diversify the uses of food 1
substances
G6: more types / varieties of food can be produced. 1
Bad Effect : By regular consuming of processed food
B1 : Loss a lot of nutrition value (under high temperature during the
process). 1
B2: (Contain) preservative / colouring / dye / flavor which is carcinogenic. 1 135
B3: lead to mutation / cancer / health problem / suitable example. 1
B4: Contain excessive salt / sugar.
1
B5: lead to high blood pressure / diabetes / obesity. Any 10
1 10
Relating the food processing methods with factors causing food spoilage
(b)
Type of food Food preservation method
Milk Pasteurisation
Fruits Cannin
Meat and fish Refrigeration
Pasteurisation 1
1 - milk is treated to 63oC for 30 minutes//72oC for 15 seconds 1
2 - followed by rapid cooling to below 10oC 1
3 - destroy bacteria but not the spores 1
4- retains the natural flavour of milk//nutrients//vitamin B 1
1
5 - must refrigerated to avoid the growth of germs
Canning
6 - use heat sterilization 1
7 - kill microorganisms and spores 1
1
8 - steamed at high temperature and pressure to drive out air
1
9 - sealed while the food is being cooled 1
10 - vacuum in the can prevent growth of microorganism
Refrigeration
11 - stored at temperature below 0oC
1 136
12 - prevent the growth of microorganisms/the germination of spores
1
Explain the food processing methods which is related to the factors that cause food spoilage.
Concept : Food can be preserved by destroying the microorganism present in the food //by
stopping the activities of the microorganism
F1: Cooking-.high temperature kill the microorganisms 1
P1: denature the enzyme that cause the breadown of food 1
F2: Treating food with sugar/salt 1
P2: causes the microorganism to lose water due to osmosis 1
F3: Adding vinegar will reduced the pH 1
P3 that prevent microorganism from growing 1
F4: Fermentation of fruit juices and other food by adding east 1
P4: high concentration of alcohol prevent the microorganism from growing 1
F5: Dry under hot sun (meat/fish/fruits) 1
P5: removes water from food – dehydrated 1
F6: Ultravoilets rays 1
P6: kills microorganism 1
F7: Pasteurisation – destroy bacteria which cause tuberculosis and typhoid 1
P7: (technique) -Food is heated to 630C for 30 minutes / 1
720C for 15 seconds followed by rapid cooling to -10 0C
P7.1: (Pasteurisation) retains the natural flavour and nutrients 1
F8: Canning – uses heat sterilization to kill microorganisms and their spores 1
P8 (technique) -.Food is packed in cans, steamed at high temperature and pressure to drive out air 1
P8.1: the vaccum created within the cans prevent growth of microorganism 1
F9: Refrigeration 1
P9: food stored at temperature below 00C prevent growth/germination of microorganism 1
P9.1: food remain fresh for a long period of time Any ten : F + P correctly 1 10 137