Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 7

Anuario de Investigaciones

ISSN: 0329-5885
anuario@psi.uba.ar
Universidad de Buenos Aires
Argentina

Mena, M. Inés; Fleischer, Deborah


El aporte del término "deprivación" acuñado por D. W. Winnicott, en la época que
transitamos
Anuario de Investigaciones, vol. XX, 2013, pp. 125-130
Universidad de Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires, Argentina

Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=369139949026

Cómo citar el artículo


Número completo
Sistema de Información Científica
Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal
Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto
FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UBA / SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIONES / ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES / VOLUMEN XX

EL APORTE DEL TÉRMINO “DEPRIVACIÓN” ACUÑADO


POR D. W. WINNICOTT, EN LA ÉPOCA QUE TRANSITAMOS
THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE TERM “DEPRIVATION” COINED
BY D. W. WINNICOTT, IN THE AGE WE ARE GOING THROUGH
        
              

A B C D E B F T U C V A T W V

(OSUHVHQWHGHVDUUROORVHEDVDHQHOQRYHGRVRDSRUWHTXH 7KLVGHYHORSPHQWLVEDVHGRQWKHQHZFRQWULEXWLRQPDGH
KLFLHUD:LQQLFRWWHQFRQHOWpUPLQR³GHSULYDFLyQ´ E\ :LQQLFRWW LQ  ZLWK WKH WHUP ³GHSULYDWLRQ´ ZKLFK
FRQVWLWX\HQGR HO HMH FHQWUDO GHVGH GRQGH VH DERUGD OD FRQVWLWXWHVWKHPDLQIRFXVIURPZKHUHWKHLPSRUWDQFHDQG
LPSRUWDQFLDGHODLPSOLFDQFLD\SURYLVLyQGHODPELHQWH SURYLVLRQRIWKHHQYLURQPHQWLVWDFNOHGIURPFKLOGKRRGWR
GHVGHORVLQLFLRVGHODYLGDGHXQLQIDQWHKDVWDODDGXOWH] DGXOWKRRG
'HWHUPLQDGDVFRQGLFLRQHVDPELHQWDOHVVRQQHFHVDULDV &HUWDLQHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQGLWLRQVDUHQHFHVVDU\IRUWKH
SDUDTXHHOGHVDUUROORHPRFLRQDOGHFDGDLQGLYLGXRWHQJD HPRWLRQDOGHYHORSPHQWRIHDFKLQGLYLGXDOWRWDNHSODFH
OXJDUDSDUWLUGHODIXQFLyQGHOD³PDGUHVX¿FLHQWHPHQWH IURPWKH³JRRGHQRXJKPRWKHU´IXQFWLRQDQGE\H[WHQ
EXHQD´\SRUH[WHQVLyQODIDPLOLDODHVFXHOD\ODVRFLHGDG VLRQWKHIDPLO\VFKRRODQGVRFLHW\
6LDFRUGDPRVFRQORSURSXHVWRSRU:LQQLFRWWTXHODVDOXG ,IZHDJUHHWRZKDWLVSURSRVHGE\:LQQLFRWWWKDWLVLQGL
LQGLYLGXDOHVFRQGLFLyQSDUDFRQFHELUXQDVDOXGVRFLDOOD YLGXDOKHDOWKLVDFRQGLWLRQIRUFRQFHLYLQJVRFLDOKHDOWK
UHYLVLyQGHHVWDQRFLyQSHUPLWHYROYHUDSHQVDUODWHQGHQ WKHUHYLVLRQRIWKLVQRWLRQDOORZVWRUHWKLQNWKHSUHVHQWGD\
FLDDQWLVRFLDOHQODpSRFDDFWXDOFDUDFWHUL]DGDSRUXQD DQWLVRFLDOWHQGHQF\FKDUDFWHUL]HGE\DVRFLHW\LQZKLFK
VRFLHGDGGRQGHODWHQGHQFLDKRPRJHQHL]DQWHGHVGLEXMD WKHKRPRJHQL]LQJSURSHQVLRQEOXUVWKHWLPHDQGVSDFH
HOWLHPSR\HOHVSDFLRQHFHVDULRSDUDHOGHVSOLHJXHVXE QHHGHGIRUWKHVXEMHFWLYHGHSOR\PHQWRIHDFKRQHRILWV
MHWLYRGHFDGDXQRGHVXVLQGLYLGXRV LQGLYLGXDOV

.H\ZRUGV
G H I H J K H L M I H N O P P

'HSULYDFLyQ3URYLVLyQDPELHQWDO7HQGHQFLDDQWLVRFLDO 'HSULYDWLRQ$QWLVRFLDOWHQGHQF\3URYLVLRQHQYLURQPHQW
+HDOWK
Q
H I R S

           !         " # $ % & ' ( ) ! &  *             *  +  , - . - / , - . , 0 1 2  3  *        *      & 4 *  5 6     *  7 8 9 *     2   : 3  !   3 

5    !   ;   *   < 3     4  * :  3     3    %   8  8 9  !  *  !  0 9  = !  > ? 3    * >  ! "     !        # :    $  !   ( ?  * : 3      ;   * 3  6  8

@ 9  !  *  !  ; ! &  *             *  +  " # $ % & ' , - . - / , - . , 1 2  3  *        *      & 4 *  5 6     *  7 8 9  !  *  !    % <    !   1 ;   *   < 3    

4  * :  3     3    7 8 9 !  8   ;   * 3  6  8

DE LA PÁGINA 125 A LA 130 125


EL APORTE DEL TÉRMINO “DEPRIVACIÓN” ACUÑADO POR D. W. WINNICOTT, EN LA ÉPOCA QUE TRANSITAMOS
THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE TERM “DEPRIVATION” COINED BY D. W. WINNICOTT, IN THE AGE WE ARE GOING THROUGH
Mena, M. Inés; Fleischer, Deborah

GH ORV FDVRV UHVSRQGH GHVGH \ D SDUWLU GH LGHQWL¿FDU


X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ _ ` a Y

(QHO,9&RQJUHVR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ\SUiF ³FDVL´HQXQFLHQSRUFLHQWRODVQHFHVLGDGHV³ItVLFDV¿VLR
WLFDSURIHVLRQDOHQSVLFRORJtD;,;-RUQDGDVGH,QYHVWL OyJLFDV\SVLFROyJLFDV´GHVXKLMR
JDFLyQ\9,,,(QFXHQWURGH,QYHVWLJDGRUHVHQ3VLFRORJtD (QHVHDPELHQWHGRQGHHOWLHPSRVHYDGHVSOHJDQGRHQ
GHO0HUFRVXU QRYGHO UHDOL]DGRHQQXHVWUDFDVD XQDFRQWLQXLGDG\HOHVSDFLRFRPLHQ]DOHQWDPHQWHDHYL
ODIDFXOWDGGH3VLFRORJtDVHWUDEDMRDFHUFDGHOPRGRHQ GHQFLDUVHHO³EHEH´SXHGHWHQHUEUHYHVH[SHULHQFLDVHQ
TXH'::LQQLFRWWFRPSUHQGHHOFRQFHSWRGH³VDOXG´ ODVTXH³FUHHTXHFUHDXQREMHWR´(VWRVSULPHURVREMHWRV
(VWHWpUPLQRSDUDpOYDPiVDOOiGHOELQRPLRVDOXGHQ FUHDGRV:LQQLFRWWORVKRPRORJDDODDOXFLQDFLyQ\SODQWHD
IHUPHGDG\HVLPSHQVDEOHRELHQLQFRQFHELEOHSRUIXHUD TXHHQORVLQLFLRVORPiVLPSRUWDQWHVHMXJDUiVLOD06%
GHODDUWLFXODFLyQFRQHO³DPELHQWH´HQHOTXHFUHFHVH SRVLELOLWDTXHHVWHWLSRGHH[SHULHQFLDVVHUHSLWDQRIUHFLHQ
GHVDUUROOD\SDUWLFLSDXQLQGLYLGXR&RPSUHQGLHQGRSRU GRDTXHOORTXHHOEHEHHVWiDSXQWRGHFUHDUDOXFLQDU
³DPELHQWH´DTXHOODVUHVSXHVWDVSURYLVLyQRIDFLOLWDFLyQ ³«XQREMHWRUHDOHVWpH[DFWDPHQWHDOOtGRQGHHOEHEHDOX
TXHVHEULQGDQRQRGHVGHODPiVWHPSUDQDLQIDQFLD\ FLQDXQREMHWRGHPRGRWDOTXHHOEHEHVHKDJDODLOXVLyQ
FRQWLQ~DQVRVWHQLGDVHQXQFRPSOHMRGHVSOLHJXHKDVWD GHTXHHOPXQGRSXHGHVHUFUHDGR\GHTXHORTXHHVFUHD
ODDGXOWH]'HVGHXQMXJDUGHVSUHRFXSDGR\HVSRQWiQHR GRHVHOPXQGR´ S
KDFLDXQDH[SHULHQFLDFXOWXUDO'HVGHODUHODFLyQFRQXQ
RWURTXH:LQQLFRWWGH¿QHFRPR³PDGUHVX¿FLHQWHPHQWH (VWHSXQWRVHGHVDUUROODPiVDGHODQWHSHURYDOHODSHQD
EXHQD´ 06% KDVWDORVLQGLYLGXRVTXHIRUPDQSDUWHGH GHVWDFDUHQHVWDFLWDHOOXJDU\YDORUTXH:LQQLFRWWRWRUJD
XQDFRPXQLGDGVRFLDOLQFLGLHQGRODFRQWLQXDLQWHUDFFLyQ DODIXQFLyQGHODPELHQWHTXHHQORVFRPLHQ]RVXQLQIDQ
FRQ HO PHGLR DPELHQWH KDVWD OD PXHUWH ELROyJLFD GHO WHQRSXHGHGLIHUHQFLDUFRPRVHSDUDGRRGLVWLQWRGHpO
LQGLYLGXR SHURFLPHQWDODVEDVHVSDUDODFRQ¿DELOLGDGHQHOPLVPR
(VWDOyJLFDQHFHVDULDTXHQRVSURSRQHHODXWRU\TXHYD 6HSXHGHSUHFLVDUDXQPiVSRUTXpSDUD:LQQLFRWWOD
GHVSOHJDQGR HQ XQD FRQWLQXLGDGFRQWLJLGDG HVSDFLR VDOXGQRVLJQL¿FDDXVHQFLDGHHQIHUPHGDGDOPHMRUHVWLOR
WLHPSRGRQGHORVLQJXODUVXEMHWLYRVHYDFRQVWLWX\HQGR PpGLFRFLHQWL¿FLVWDVLQRTXHDOXGHDXQFRPSOHMRHQWUD
HQODWUDPDFRQ³RWUR´VHYDWHMLHQGRXQD\FDGDYH]KDFLD PDGRGHYDULDEOHVHQMXHJR
XQ ³VHUVLHQGR´ SRVLELOLWDQGR D FDGD VXMHWR GHVFXEULU (QDTXHOODRSRUWXQLGDG QRYGHO HOSURSyVLWRFRQ
FRQVWUXLUXQDUHDOLGDGTXHSRFRDSRFRVHLUiDPSOLDQGR VLVWLyHQDQDOL]DU\DUWLFXODUODVFRQGLFLRQHVTXHHODXWRU
\FRPSOHML]DQGRHQJUXSRVVRFLDOHVFDGDYH]PiVYDVWRV FRQVLGHUDED QHFHVDULDV SDUD XQD SURYLVLyQ VX¿FLHQWH
\KHWHURJpQHRVFRPRVRQODIDPLOLDODHVFXHOD\HOWUD PHQWHEXHQD
EDMRHQWUHRWURV (QHVWDRSRUWXQLGDGVHLQWHQWDXQDDSUR[LPDFLyQDODQi
/yJLFDSDUDGRMDOGRQGHODSUHVHQFLDGHXQRWURHVFRQGL OLVLVGHORVFRQFHSWRV³GHSULYDFLyQ´\³IDOODHQODSURYLVLyQ
FLyQQHFHVDULDSDUDHODGYHQLPLHQWRGHXQVXMHWRDODYH] DPELHQWDO´HQUHODFLyQDORTXH:LQQLFRWWFRQVLGHUD³VDQR´
TXHQRHVGHWHUPLQDQWH R ³VDOXGDEOH´ GHVWDFDQGR OD LPSRUWDQFLD QHFHVDULD HQ
(QHVWDOtQHDVRQFODUDVODVUHIHUHQFLDVGH6)UHXGFXDQ TXH ODV SHUVRQDV TXH LQWHJUDQ XQD VRFLHGDG VH KDJDQ
GRSODQWHDODLPSRUWDQFLDQHFHVDULDGHXQ³RWURDX[LOLDGRU´ FDUJRGHVXVLQGLYLGXRVHQIHUPRVHQWDQWRTXHODVDOXG
DQWHODLQGHIHQVLyQSURSLDGHOQDFLPLHQWRRELHQFRPROR VRFLDOGHSHQGHGHODVDOXGLQGLYLGXDO\FRQVLGHUDQGRTXH
GH¿QHWHPSUDQDPHQWH-/DFDQXQRWURGHOGHVHRQHFH XQDVRFLHGDGHVXQDPXOWLSOLFDFLyQGHSHUVRQDV
VDULRSDUDTXHHOYLYLHQWHTXHGHXELFDGRHQUHODFLyQDO /D pSRFD TXH WUDQVLWDPRV VH FDUDFWHUL]D SRU SROtWLFDV
IDORSDUDHORWURPDWHUQR HFRQyPLFDVSUHGRPLQDQWHPHQWHFLHQWt¿FRWHFQRFUiWLFDV
:LQQLFRWWGH¿QHFRQORVWpUPLQRV³PDGUHVX¿FLHQWHPHQ FX\RHIHFWRKRPRJHQHL]DQWHSRQHHQSHOLJURGHH[WLQFLyQ
WHEXHQD´DTXHOODIXQFLyQYLWDO\QHFHVDULDSDUDTXHXQ ODVFRVWXPEUHV\WUDGLFLRQHVFXOWXUDOHVSURSLDVGHFDGD
VXMHWRDGYHQJDFRPRWDOSHURWDPELpQXELFDFRPRFRQ FRPXQLGDG'HODPLVPDIRUPDODVFDWHJRUtDVGHWLHPSR
GLFLyQQHFHVDULDODIXQFLyQSDWHUQDDWUDYpVGHODSURYLVLyQ \HVSDFLRYDQSHUGLHQGRHOYDORUUHTXHULGRSDUDODFRQVWL
GHXQDPELHQWHIDFLOLWDGRUSDUDTXHODIXQFLyQPDWHUQD WXFLyQVXEMHWLYDGHOGHVDUUROORGHXQVXMHWR\VXFRQ¿DEL
SXHGDGHVSOHJDUVHFRQHVDSDUWLFXODULGDGTXHOHSHUPLWD OLGDGHQHODPELHQWHHQWDQWRSRVLELOLWDGRUGHOHQWUDPDGR
DGDSWDUVHDODVGHPDQGDVGHOLQIDQWH3DUWLFXODULGDGTXH GHOD]RVVRFLDOHV
GHQRPLQD³ORFXUDPDWHUQDSULPDULD´R³GHYRFLyQPDWHUQD´ 6XUJHQODVVLJXLHQWHVSUHJXQWDV¢3RGUtDPRVFRQVLGHUDU
GHVHDEOHRHVSHUDEOHIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHHQODV~OWLPDV OD³GHSULYDFLyQ´FRPRXQDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDGHODVRFLHGDG
VHPDQDV GH HPEDUD]R \ SULPHUDV VHPDQDV GHO UHFLpQ GHQXHVWUDpSRFD"¢(VSRVLEOHLPSOHPHQWDUHVWUDWHJLDV
QDFLGR/DPDGUHRTXLHQRFXSHHVWHOXJDUHQHOPHMRU SDUDTXHHOFRQMXQWRGHODVSHUVRQDVLQWHJUDQWHV IDPLOLD
HVFXHOD LQVWLWXFLRQHV«  GH XQD VRFLHGDG SXHGDQ KD

l m
6HVXJLHUHODOHFWXUDGHODSRQHQFLDGHPLDXWRUtD7tWXOR
n m n n n u n n w m
b c d e f g h

n
i j k

FHUVHFDUJR"6RQSUHJXQWDVFRPSOHMDVSDUDXQDSURQWD
d o p q k d k p r o i s g s t d k g s j g s d i v j d g k t i i v j p s d h s p i k h x

UHVSXHVWDTXHDGHPiVUHODQ]DQKDFLDRWUDVSUHJXQWDV
ELHQWH8QDUHÀH[LyQGHVGHHODQiOLVLVUHDOL]DGRSRUHOSVLFRDQDOLVWD
y z

(Q0HPRULDVGHODOGHQRYLHPEUH,9
{ z {
u

&RPRSVLFRDQDOLVWDVQRSRGHPRVGHVHQWHQGHUQRVGHORV
GLVFXUVRV\³PRGRV´TXHVHLQVWDODQHQQXHVWUDVRFLHGDG
i j j i k e e

&RQJUHVR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ\3UiFWLFD3URIHVLRQDOHQ
3VLFRORJtD;,;-RUQDGDVGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ9,,,(QFXHQWURGH,QYHV GLULJLGRVDTXHWRGRVORVFLXGDGDQRVLQGLVFULPLQDGDPHQWH
WLJDGRUHVHQ3VLFRORJtDGHO0HUFRVXU)DFXOWDGGH3VLFRORJtD8%$ FRQVXPDQORTXHHOPHUFDGRLQVLVWHQWHPHQWHRIUHFH LQYD
&$%$$UJHQWLQD (O SUHVHQWH HVFULWR FRQWLQ~D OD PLVPD OtQHD GH OLGDQGRODVGLIHUHQFLDVHWDULDV\FXOWXUDOHVSHURDGHPiV
DQiOLVLVHQHOPDUFRGHOSUR\HFWR8%$&\7³5HODFLRQHV FRQHIHFWRVQRYHGRVRVHQODFOtQLFDPRWLYRTXHFRQGXMRD
DGLFWLYDV\(FRQRPtDGH*RFH´'LUHFWRU)OHLV
FKHU'HERUDK6XEGLUHFWRU%HUGXOODV3LODU
TXHPXFKRVFROHJDVDFXHUGHQHQODFDUDFWHUL]DFLyQGHORV

126 DE LA PÁGINA 125 A LA 130


FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UBA / SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIONES / ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES / VOLUMEN XX

³QXHYRVVtQWRPDV´DFDXVDGHOGHVHQIUHQRSXOVLRQDO 6LHQORVLQLFLRVODIXQFLyQGHVRVWpQIDOODUHLWHUDGDPHQWH
,QWHQWDUHQFRQWUDUUHVSXHVWDVTXHDSXQWHQDHVFODUHFHU HOULHVJRTXHFRQOOHYDHVDOIUDFDVRGHODIXQFLyQTXHSRVL
HVWDVLWXDFLyQDFWXDOODTXHFRUURERUDPRVGtDDGtDHQ ELOLWHODFRQWLQXLGDGGHOVHJXLUVLHQGR\HQFRQVHFXHQFLDVH
QXHVWURV FRQVXOWRULRV HV OR TXH FDXVD HVWH UHFRUULGR PDQL¿HVWHXQDUtJLGDRUJDQL]DFLyQGHIHQVLYDFRQHO¿QGH
HPSH]DQGRDVtSRUGH¿QLUTXpVHHQWLHQGHSRU³GHSULYD DVHJXUDUGLFKDFRQWLQXLGDGFDUDFWHUtVWLFDGHORVHVWDGRV
FLyQ´\³WHQGHQFLDDQWLVRFLDO´VHJ~QODSURSXHVWDZLQQLFR DXWLVWDV\HVTXL]RIUHQLDV/DLQWUXVLyQWHPSUDQDPHQWHYLYL
WWLDQD FRQ HO ¿Q GH SUHFLVDU HO OXJDU TXH MXHJDQ HVWRV GDSRUHOLQIDQWHLPSOLFDKDEHUQRWDGRHOVRVWpQDQLYHOGH
FRQFHSWRVHQQXHVWURVGtDV ODGHSHQGHQFLDDEVROXWDPRPHQWRHQTXHGHSHQGHGHRWUR
\QRORVDEHSHURDGHPiVVLHQGRD~QLQFDSD]GHGLVWLQJXLU
ORSURSLR\ORRWURORLQWHUQR\ORH[WHUQR
| } ~  [ [ \ € € \

5HWRPDQGRODFLWDH[SUHVDGDHQODLQWURGXFFLyQDFHUFDGH /DSULYDFLyQHQWRQFHVHVSURSLDGHOIUDFDVRGHODIXQFLyQ
ORVLQLFLRVGHODYLGD\ODLPSRUWDQFLDGHXQDPELHQWHIDFL 06%HQODGHSHQGHQFLDDEVROXWDFXDQGRHOVXMHWRD~QVH
OLWDGRU HQFXHQWUDHQYtDVGHLQWHJUDFLyQSURYRFDQGRXQDUHDF
³«XQREMHWRUHDOHVWpH[DFWDPHQWHDOOtGRQGHHOEHEHDOX FLyQHQHOLQIDQWHDFDXVDGHOTXLHEUHHQHOWLHPSRGHO
FLQDXQREMHWRGHPRGRWDOTXHHOEHEHVHKDJDODLOXVLyQ VHJXLUVLHQGR
GHTXHHOPXQGRSXHGHVHUFUHDGR\GHTXHORTXHHVFUHD /DSURYLVLyQQRSHUFLELGDFRPRYLQLHQGRGHOH[WHULRUVLQR
GRHVHOPXQGR´ S ³H[SHULHQFLDGD´FRPRFUHDFLyQGHOVXMHWR ³H[SHULHQFLDGH
RPQLSRWHQFLD´\³JHVWRHVSRQWiQHR´ HVODEDVHGHOVHU
6HWUDWDUiGHSUHFLVDUSRUTXpSDUD:LQQLFRWWWRGRVORV VLHQGR6RORHQWRQFHVODGHSHQGHQFLDDEVROXWDWLHQGHD
VXMHWRVHQYtDVGHFRQVWLWXFLyQHVWDUtDQH[SXHVWRVVHJ~Q DEULUVHSDVRKDFLDOD³GHSHQGHQFLDUHODWLYD´HQXQDFRQ
FRPRIDOOHODSURYLVLyQGHODPELHQWHDSDGHFHUXQD³GH WLQXLGDGFRQWLJLGDGGHOPRYLPLHQWRKDFLDODVHSDUDFLyQ
SULYDFLyQ´ 6LODIXQFLyQGH³VRVWpQ´VHFXPSOHMXQWRFRQODVIXQFLR
QHVGH³PDQLSXODFLyQ´\³SUHVHQWDFLyQGHREMHWR´GDUiOX
%UHYHPHQWHVHLQWHQWDUDXELFDUORVSXQWRVQRGDOHVHQ JDUDTXHHOSURFHVRKDFLDOD³LQWHJUDFLyQ´FRQWLQ~HKDFLD
 ‚

UHODFLyQDODLPSRUWDQFLDGHODSURYLVLyQDPELHQWDOQHFH OD³SHUVRQDOL]DFLyQ´\GHVGHDKtKDFLDOD³LQGHSHQGHQFLD´
VDULRVSDUDODFRPSUHQVLyQGHHVWHWpUPLQRQRYHGRVRTXH FRPSOHML]iQGRVHFDGDYH]PDV(QVXWH[WRGH³/DV
DSRUWDHODXWRU SVLFRVLV\HOFXLGDGRGHQLxRV´:LQQLFRWWD¿UPD
(QYDULRVDUWtFXORVOLEURVFRQIHUHQFLDV\FRUUHVSRQGHQ ³OD¿QDOLGDGGHOFXLGDGRGHQLxRVQRUHVLGHVRODPHQWHHQ
FLDV:LQQLFRWWDFODUyTXHHQOtQHDVJHQHUDOHVODVIDPLOLDV\ SURGXFLUXQQLxRVDQRVLQRHQSHUPLWLUWDPELpQHOGHVDUUROOR
SULQFLSDOPHQWHODVPDGUHVRDTXHOODSHUVRQDTXHFXPSOD GH¿QLWLYRGHXQQLxRVDQR´\SRUORWDQWR³ODIXQGDFLyQGHOD
HVWDIXQFLyQGHVHPSHxDQH[LWRVDPHQWHHVWRVSULPHURV VDOXGPHQWDOGHFDGDQLxRFRUUHVSRQGHDODPDGUH PHGLR
PRPHQWRVGHFXLGDGR\DWHQFLyQTXHUHVXPHHQODVIXQFLR DPELHQWH GXUDQWHHOSHUtRGRHQTXHVHSUHRFXSDGHOFXLGD
QHVGH³VRVWpQ´³PDQLSXODFLyQ´\³SUHVHQWDFLyQGHREMHWR´ GRGHOSHTXHxR´ S
SRVLELOLWDGRUDVGHOGHVDUUROORPDGXUDWLYR\HPRFLRQDO
/D GHSHQGHQFLD UHODWLYD HV HO WLHPSR HQ TXH HO LQIDQWH

6HLQYHVWLJyHQHOSUR\HFWRDFWXDO\HQHOSUR\HFWR8%$&\7
 7LWXOR ³$OFDQFHV \ DFWXDOLGDG GHO FRQFHSWR GH FRPSXOVLyQ
FRPLHQ]DDWHQHUQRWLFLDGHVtFRPRGLVWLQWRGHODPELHQWH
6XUHODFLyQFRQODVDGLFFLRQHV´3'LUHFWRU)OHLVFKHU'HERUDK LQLFLDO\HORWURPDWHUQRIDFLOLWDGRUFRPLHQ]D HQHOPHMRU
6XEGLUHFWRU8PpUH]2VYDOGR6HSXEOLFDURQORVVLJXLHQWHVWUDED GHORVFDVRV DIDOODUJUDGXDOPHQWH
MRV ³(O OXJDU GHO IHWLFKH HQ HO GLVFXUVR GH )UHXG \ GH 0DU[ D OD &RQHOWpUPLQR³SHUVRQDOL]DFLyQ´:LQQLFRWWUH¿HUHDOPR
OX]GHODpSRFDDFWXDOSRVPRGHUQD´SXEOLFDGRHQ$QXDULR PHQWRHQTXHODSVLTXHFRPLHQ]DDKDELWDUHOFXHUSRGHO
³(FRQRPtD SVtTXLFD GH OR FXDQWLWDWLYR D OR SROtWLFR´ SXEOLFDGR HQ PLVPRPRGRTXHODVIXQFLRQHVFRUSRUDOHVSURSRUFLRQDQOD
0HPRULDV ,,, &RQJUHVR ,QWHUQDFLRQDO GH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ \ SUiFWLFD
SURIHVLRQDOHQSVLFRORJtD;9,,,-RUQDGDVGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ6pSWLPR
EDVHGHXQ³\RFRUSRUDO´ SULPHUDXQLGDGTXHSRVLELOLWDSHU
(QFXHQWUR GH ,QYHVWLJDGRUHV HQ 3VLFRORJtD GHO 0HUFRVXU QRYLHP FLELUORRWURGLVWLQWRGHVt 0RPHQWRGHOLFDGRGHODLQWHJUD
EUHGH,661,6%1 FLyQGRQGHVHMXHJDORKHUHGDGRELROyJLFDPHQWHDOPLVPR
l ƒ u „ m u „ n n

s e i i h k x … s e i s s j d s g p s

SXEOLFDGRHQ 0HPRULDV,,&RQJUHVR,QWHUQDFLRQDO WLHPSRTXHODSUHVHQFLDSXOVLRQDOFRPLHQ]DDVHUUHJLVWUDGD


n † n n u

d d k ‡ d i ˆ i v j q ‰

GHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ\SUiFWLFD3URIHVLRQDOHQ3VLFRORJtD;9,,MRUQDGDV FRPRSURSLDHQHOGHOLFDGRFLUFXLWRHQWUHORTXHHVYLYLGR
GHLQYHVWLJDFLyQVH[WRHQFXHQWURGHLQYHVWLJDGRUHVHQSVLFRORJtD FRPRSURSLR\DMHQRHQWUHORTXHSRVLELOLWDODH[SHULHQFLDGHO
GHO0HUFRVXUQRYLHPEUH,661,6%1³9DULDFLRQHV
HQODFDXVDFLyQGHOVXMHWR´SXEOLFDGRHQ0HPRULDV,,&RQJUHVR,Q
MXHJRHVSRQWiQHR\ORVIHQyPHQRVWUDQVLFLRQDOHV
WHUQDFLRQDO GH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ \ SUiFWLFD 3URIHVLRQDO HQ 3VLFRORJtD (OLQIDQWHFRPLHQ]DHQWRQFHVDGDUVHFXHQWDGHVXGH
;9,,MRUQDGDVGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQVH[WRHQFXHQWURGHLQYHVWLJDGRUHV SHQGHQFLDOHQWDPHQWHHPSLH]DDFRPSUHQGHUTXHODPD
HQSVLFRORJtDGHO0HUFRVXUQRYLHPEUHGHO,661,6%1 GUHOHHVQHFHVDULD VHLQLFLDODFRPSUHQVLyQLQWHOHFWXDO 
³/DHFRQRPtDGHJRFHHQHOIHWLFKLVPR\ODDGLFFLyQ  q Š ‹ Œ  Ž 

SHURVLODPDGUHVHDXVHQWDSRUXQWLHPSRPiVSURORQJDGR
FDGRHQ$QXDULR;9,,,6619ROXPHQ;9,,  ‘ ’ Ž “ ”

TXHHOGHODFDSDFLGDGGHOEHEHSDUDFUHHUHQODVXSHUYL
GHOPHUFDGRFDSLWDOLVWDVXVWLWX\HODOH\HGtSLFD¢'HFOLQDFLyQRFD
VRLQVX¿FLHQFLDGHODIXQFLyQGHO13"´ HQ0HPRULDV,&RQJUHVR
YHQFLDGHHOODVXUJHODDQJXVWLD
:LQQLFRWWFRQVLGHUDXQLPSXOVR GHVWUXFWLYRSRUGH¿QLFLyQ 
•

,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ\3UiFWLFD3URIHVLRQDOHQ3VLFRORJtD
;9,-RUQDGDVGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ4XLQWR(QFXHQWURGH,QYHVWLJDGRUHV SULPDULRLQGLVFHUQLEOHGHODPRU³LQVWLQWLYR´LQKHUHQWHDODV
HQ3VLFRORJtDGHO0HUFRVXUDJRVWRGH,661,6%1
K ™ š O K › L ™ š H L O œ H H L P

˜ ˜

³5HODFLRQHVDGLFWLYDV¢IUDFDVRGHODIXQFLyQDJDOPiWLFD q “ – — s h k x

V,9&RQJUHVR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ\SUiFWLFDSURIHVLR 
/DSDODEUD,QIDQWHGHVLJQDDOQLxRPX\SHTXHxRLPSOLFD³TXHQR
n

g i

QDOHQSVLFRORJtD;,;-RUQDGDVGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ9,,,(QFXHQWURGH KDEOD´ ,QIDQV IDVHDQWHULRUDODDSDULFLyQGHODSDODEUD\DOHP


,QYHVWLJDGRUHVHQ3VLFRORJtDGHO0HUFRVXUQRYGHO SOHRGHVtPERORVYHUEDOHVSUHVXEMHWLYR

DE LA PÁGINA 125 A LA 130 127


EL APORTE DEL TÉRMINO “DEPRIVACIÓN” ACUÑADO POR D. W. WINNICOTT, EN LA ÉPOCA QUE TRANSITAMOS
THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE TERM “DEPRIVATION” COINED BY D. W. WINNICOTT, IN THE AGE WE ARE GOING THROUGH
Mena, M. Inés; Fleischer, Deborah

³SDUDHOEHEHHOLPSXOVRSULPLWLYRHVDQWHULRUDODFUXHOGDG FRQWLQXLGDGGHODH[LVWHQFLDFRQOOHYDDXQDRUJDQL]DFLyQ
\VyOROOHJDDVHQWLUTXHIXHFUXHOFXDQGR¿QDOPHQWHVHLQ GHIHQVLYDTXHFRQVLVWHHQOD³GLVRFLDFLyQ´GHDTXHOORTXH
WHJUD\VHFRQYLHUWHHQXQDSHUVRQD~QLFD\UHVSRQVDEOH QRSXGRVHU³H[SHULHQFLDGR´RHQRWUDVSDODEUDVQRSXGR
TXHPLUDHOSDVDGR´ VIHFKDS  ž Ÿ ž   ¡ ¢ ž £ ¤ ¥ ž ¦ ¡ § ž Ÿ ž ¨

VHULQWHJUDGRHQODYLGDGHOVXMHWR&RQVROLGDQGRVHDVtOD
EDVHGHXQUHFODPRTXHDOQRKDEHUWHQLGROXJDULQVLVWH
(OFUHFLPLHQWRGHOLQIDQWHVHYDGDQGRDWUDYpVGHXQLQ FRPRXQUHFODPRDQDFUyQLFREDMRODPRGDOLGDGGHLPSXO
WHUFDPELRFRQWLQXRHQWUHODUHDOLGDGLQWHUQD\H[WHUQDTXH VLRQHV\DFWLQJ(VHUHFODPRLQWDFWR³FRQJHODGR´TXHGDD
GHHVWHPRGRVHHQULTXHFHUHFtSURFDPHQWH ODHVSHUDGHSUHVHQWDUVHWRGDYH]TXHXQPHGLRFRQ¿DEOH
³(OQLxR\DQRHVVyORXQFUHDGRUSRWHQFLDOGHOPXQGRVLQR SRUHMODHVFXHODRHOFRQVXOWRULRGHXQDQDOLVWD KDJDOX
TXHWDPELpQVHYXHOYHFDSD]GHSREODUORFRQPXHVWUDVGH JDU/RGLVRFLDGRHQWRQFHVFRPDQGDODHVFHQD\EDMROD
VXSURSLDYLGDLQWHULRU*UDGXDOPHQWHOOHJDDDEDUFDUFDVL PRGDOLGDGFRPSXOVLYDUHFODPDDWDFDQGR\SRQLHQGRD
WRGRVORVKHFKRVH[WHUQRV\ODSHUFHSFLyQHVFDVLVLQyQLPD SUXHEDODHVWDELOLGDGGHOHVSDFLRFRPRXQLQWHQWRDGHV
GHFUHDFLyQ´ S  WLHPSRGHTXHHODPELHQWHUHPHGLHORTXHIXHGDxDGR
/DGHSULYDFLyQHQWRQFHVHQWRUSHFH\REVWDFXOL]DDVtOD
:LQQLFRWWFRQVLGHUDTXHHVWDIDVHGXUDDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH FRQWLQXLGDGGHOSURFHVRTXHSRVLELOLWHHOMXLFLR\ODRSHUD
GHVGHORVVHLVPHVHVKDVWDORVGRVDxRVFRQWLQXDQGRHO WLYLGDGGHODOH\
SURFHVR³KDFLDODLQGHSHQGHQFLD´$SDUWLUGHODLQWHJUD (OURERODPHQWLUDODGHVWUXFWLYLGDGVRQORVVLJQRVTXH
FLyQSXHGHHPSH]DUDFRQWURODUORVLPSXOVRVGHVWUXFWLYRV GHQXQFLDQTXHKXERIDOODVHQODSURYLVLyQGHODPELHQWH
DODYH]TXHODDPHQD]DGHFUXHOGDGHQJHQGUDHQpOXQD (VWDV³FRQGXFWDVDQWLVRFLDOHV´FRQVWLWX\HQXQOODPDGRDO
FXOSDLQWROHUDEOH'HDKtODLPSRUWDQFLDGHFyPRUHVSRQGD RWURDRFXSDUVHGHVX³PDQHMR´6LWRPDPRVFRPRHMHP
HODPELHQWHIDFLOLWDGRUR06%HOLQIDQWHSRGUiVHUFDSD] SORHOURERTXH:LQQLFRWWOHHFRPRXQLQWHQWRSRUSDUWH
GHSUHRFXSDUVHSRUHORWUR\DVXPLUODUHVSRQVDELOLGDG GHOVXMHWRGHUHVWLWXLUOHDOREMHWRFUHDGRVXYDORUVLPEyOL
SRU VXV LPSXOVRV FRQVWLWX\HQGR XQR GH ORV HOHPHQWRV FRHOTXHKDEtDDOFDQ]DGR\SHUGLy(VXQDFWRVXEMHWLYD
IXQGDPHQWDOHVGHOMXHJR\HOWUDEDMR /DSUHRFXSDFLyQ PHQWHOHJtWLPRSRUTXHWLHQHGHUHFKRDUHFXSHUDUVXFUHD
SRUHORWURHVVLQyQLPRGHVDOXG\XQUDVJRLPSRUWDQWHGH FLyQHOURERHVXQDFWRTXHUHD¿UPDTXH³KD\REMHWR´\
ODYLGDVRFLDOLPSOLFDXQFRPSOHMRSURFHVRTXHQRVHUi SRUHOORHVHOIXQGDPHQWRGHHVSHUDQ]D(OURERHVDOD
GHVDUUROODGRHQHVWDRSRUWXQLGDG PDGUH\ODGHVWUXFFLyQSRQHDSUXHEDODFRQ¿DELOLGDGGHO
/DV H[SHULHQFLDV TXH SXHGD SURYHHU HO DPELHQWH YDQ DPELHQWHTXHSXHGDVRSRUWDU\WROHUDUFRPRLQWHQWRGH
SRVLELOLWDQGR\KDELOLWDQGRHOFDPLQRKDFLDODLQGHSHQGHQ GHYROYHUDOERUGHVXYDORUGHOtPLWH\WRUQHDSURSLDEOHHO
FLD(VWHSURFHVRQRHVOLQHDO\DTXHHOQLxRVHHQFXHQWUD HVSDFLRTXHKDELWDHOYDORUGHDSHODFLyQDOSDGUH
FRQWLQXDPHQWHSDVDQGRGHXQDGHSHQGHQFLDDEVROXWDD /DVRFLHGDGWLHQGHDUHDFFLRQDUEDMRODPRGDOLGDGGHOD
ODUHODWLYD\GHHVWDDODLQGHSHQGHQFLD YHQJDQ]D R HO VHQWLPHQWDOLVPR UHDFFLyQ TXH QR KDFH
³/DLQGHSHQGHQFLDQRHVQXQFDDEVROXWD(OLQGLYLGXRVDQR OXJDU D OD GLPHQVLyQ GHO OODPDGR 5HVSXHVWDV TXH GDQ
QRTXHGDDLVODGRVLQRTXHVHUHODFLRQDFRQHODPELHQWHGH OXJDUDOFDVWLJRDODYH]TXHGHVHQFDGHQDQODUHSHWLFLyQ
XQPRGRWDOTXHSXHGHGHFLUVHTXHpO\VXPHGLRVRQLQWHU \ DEUHQ HO FDPLQR XQD YH] PiV SDUD TXH OD WHQGHQFLD
GHSHQGLHQWHV´ S  DQWLVRFLDOVHDEUDSDVRKDFLDODGHOLQFXHQFLD
(QODDFWXDOLGDGORVGHEDWHVVREUHODVSHQDVLPSXWDEOHV
/XHJRGHKDEHUXELFDGREUHYHPHQWHODLPSRUWDQFLD\ DORVDFWRVGHOLFWLYRVGHORVMyYHQHVVHHQFXHQWUDQHQVX
© ‚

YDORUTXH:LQQLFRWWFRQ¿HUHDODSURYLVLyQVX¿FLHQWHGHO DSRJHRFHQWUDGRVHQHGDGHVFDGDYH]PiVWHPSUDQDV
DPELHQWHHVLPSRUWDQWHGHVWDFDUTXHWRGRORTXHKDVLGR HQHOLQWHQWRIDOOLGRRHQJDxRVRGHOOHYDU³VHJXULGDG´DOD
ORJUDGRRDOFDQ]DGRSRUHOLQIDQWHGXUDQWHHOWLHPSRGH VRFLHGDGVLQFRQVLGHUDUXQDQiOLVLVPiVDPSOLRTXHFRQ
GHSHQGHQFLDSXHGHSHUGHUVHGHELGRDIDOODVUHLWHUDGDVR VLGHUHODFRPSOHMLGDGGHODVYDULDEOHVLPSOLFDGDV
IUDFDVRV HQ OD SURYLVLyQ DPELHQWDO SXQWR SDUDGRMDO HQ 2WURUDVJRFDUDFWHUtVWLFRGHQXHVWUDpSRFDORREVHUYD
WDQWRFRQVLVWHHQTXHQRSXHGHQRIDOODU PRVGLDULDPHQWHHQODVSURSDJDQGDVPHGLiWLFDVTXHWLH
(VHQORVTXLHEUHVTXHVHSURGXFHHQODFRQWLQXLGDGGHO QHQHQFRP~QOD¿QDOLGDGGHTXHWRGRVORVFLXGDGDQRV
VHJXLUVLHQGRGXUDQWHODGHSHQGHQFLDUHODWLYDGRQGH:LQ ³FRPSUHQ´³FRQVXPDQ´FRQODSURPHVDIDOD]GHELHQHV
QLFRWWXELFDOD³GHSULYDFLyQ´HQHVHPRPHQWRGRQGHOD
œ H K ª ™ « S O O « S ™ O « œ O š O « œ O S O I H L O S H S O L O ™ « œ O K O L O L S O I H L

FRQVWLWXFLyQGHERUGHSHUPLWHFRPHQ]DUDGLIHUHQFLDUOR SHUVRQDV(OPHUFDGRLPSRQHVXVSURGXFWRVJHQHUDQGR
GLVWLQWRGHVt\DORMDUDOJRGHVtWLHPSRGRQGHHOHVSDFLR QHFHVLGDGHV¿FWLFLDVTXHDSXQWDQDOVXMHWRHQVXLQGLYL
HPSLH]DDSREODUVHSRFRDSRFRGHREMHWRVUHDOHVVREUH GXDOLGDGLQGHSHQGLHQWHGHOOD]RFRQORVRWURVVLQFRQVL
ODWUDPDGHORWUDQVLFLRQDOLQVWLWX\HQGROD]RQDSRWHQFLDO GHUDUOD³SUHRFXSDFLyQSRUHORWUR´
SURSLFLDSDUDHOGHVSOLHJXHGHODH[SHULHQFLDFUHDWLYD\ 7UDQVLWDPRVXQDpSRFDGRQGHHOYDORUGHOWLHPSR\GHO
VLQJXODUHQFDGDVXMHWR/RVREMHWRVVRQUHDOHVHQWDQWR HVSDFLRKDVLGRWUDVWRFDGR\GRPLQDGRSRUHOYDORUSROtWL
H[LVWHQ LQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWH GH pO D OD YH] HO QLxR ORV FRHFRQyPLFRUHLQDQWH
YLYHFRPRSDUWHGHVXFUHDFLyQ'HDKtODLPSRUWDQFLDTXH :LQQLFRWWWHRUL]yVREUHHOOXJDUQHFHVDULRTXHGHVHPSH
:LQQLFRWWGHVWDFDHQQRSUHJXQWDUDOQLxRVLHOREMHWRIXH xDXQDPELHQWHPHGLDQDPHQWHFRQ¿DEOHGRQGHQDFH\
HQFRQWUDGRRFUHDGR FUHFHXQVXMHWR\ODVFRQVHFXHQFLDVHLPSOLFDQFLDVTXH
(OIUDFDVRHQODSURYLVLyQDPELHQWDOGXUDQWHHVWHSURFHVR UHFDHQVREUHHO
GHVXEMHWLYDFLyQ\VHSDUDFLyQHQFXHQWUDOD³UHDFFLyQ´FR :LQQLFRWWDQDOL]yODVFDXVDVGHODWHQGHQFLDDQWLVRFLDOVL
PRUHVSXHVWDGHOVXMHWRTXHDFDXVDGHOTXLHEUHHQOD ELHQXELFDORVRUtJHQHVWHPSUDQDPHQWHHQODGHSHQGHQ

128 DE LA PÁGINA 125 A LA 130


FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UBA / SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIONES / ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES / VOLUMEN XX

FLDUHODWLYDFXDQGRHOLQIDQWHHQSOHQRGHVDUUROORUHTXLHUH QRWLFLDV SROLFLDOHV GH ORV SHULyGLFRV GHO GRPLQJR R OHHQ


GH XQD SURYLVLyQ VX¿FLHQWH TXH DFRPSDxH VRVWHQJD KLVWRULDVGHWHFWLYHVFDV/DSUiFWLFDGHORVWULEXQDOHVGHEH
WROHUH\³VREUHYLYD´HQRWUDVSDODEUDVTXHODVIDOODVGHO IXQGDUVHHQDOJRPiV¿UPHTXHHOVHQWLPHQWDOLVPR\DVHD
DPELHQWHSRVLELOLWHQDXQVXMHWRODFRQWLQXLGDGGHVXVLQ HQORVVHQWLPLHQWRVSURIXQGRVGHSHUVRQDVQRVHQWLPHQWD
JXODULGDGVREUHODEDVHGHFRQ¿DELOLGDGHQHOHVSDFLR OHV FDSDFHV GH DFFHGHU DO FULPLQDO TXH H[LVWH GHQWUR GH
DPELHQWH HOODVPLVPDVRELHQHQODUHÀH[LyQFXLGDGRVDGHTXLHQHV
(VGHVXPRLQWHUpV\YDORUODSURSXHVWDTXHQRVGHMDHQ WLHQHQHQFXHQWDORLQFRQVFLHQWH
WDQWRDOWUDWDUVHGHXQD³GHSULYDFLyQ´QRVLQYLWDDODGLItFLO (OSVLFRDQiOLVLVSRGUtDHIHFWXDUXQDFRQWULEXFLyQPX\UHDO
WDUHDTXHFRQVLVWHHQGHWHFWDURQRGHMDUSDVDUODRSRUWX LQFOXVRKR\VLOHIXHUDVROLFLWDGD&DEHGDUXQHMHPSORGH
QLGDGGHLQWHUYHQLUVLHPSUH\FXDQGRODYHQJDQ]DRHO LQPHGLDWR\WDOYH]VHD~WLOKDFHUOR(VHOVLJXLHQWH
VHQWLPHQWDOLVPRQRMXHJXHQXQOXJDUSURWDJyQLFR ³6HDFXDOIXHUHODVLWXDFLyQGHOFULPLQDO\DVHWUDWHGHXQ
MRYHQRXQYLHMRGHXQKRPEUHVDQRRHQIHUPRGHXQYDUyQ
RGHXQDPXMHUVLHPSUHH[LVWHRWUDPLWDGHQWRGRDFWRDQ
¬  [  _ \ Y _ € ^ ` [

9DOHODSHQDPHQFLRQDUSDUWHGHORSUHVHQWDGRHQDTXHOOD WLVRFLDOTXHGHEHVHUWHQLGDHQFXHQWDORVVHQWLPLHQWRVGH
RSRUWXQLGDG QRYGHO DFHUFDGHTXLpQHVVHUtDQORV YHQJDQ]DGHODVRFLHGDG
LQGLYLGXRVTXHSXHGHQFRQVLGHUDUVHVDQRVVHJ~Q:LQQLFR $KRUDELHQORVVHQWLPLHQWRVGHYHQJDQ]DS~EOLFRVQRVH
WWVLHQGRDTXHOORVTXHSXHGHQLGHQWL¿FDUVHFRQODFRPXQL H[SHULPHQWDQQHFHVDULDPHQWHFRQUHVSHFWRDWRGRV\FDGD
GDGHQODTXHYLYHQVLQSHUGHUGHPDVLDGRGHVXLPSXOVR XQRGHORVDFWRVDQWLVRFLDOHVSHURFXDQGRXQDIDOWDRGHOLWR
FUHDWLYRVLQJXODUHLQGHWHUPLQDGRGHVWDFDQGRODLPSRUWDQ QRHVFDVWLJDGRLQFUHPHQWDHOUHVHUYRULRGHYHQJDQ]DS~
FLDGHTXHXQDSHUVRQDVLHQWDTXHHVWiYLYLHQGRVXSURSLD EOLFDLQFRQVFLHQWH\DPHQRVTXHHVWDYHQJDQ]DVHH[SUHVH
YLGDKDFLpQGRVHFDUJRGHVXVORJURV\IUDFDVRV HQIRUPDSHULyGLFDVDOGUiDUHOXFLUGHDOJ~QPRGRGHVDJUD
/DVDOXGVHHQOD]DFRQHOYLYLUODVSHUVRQDVVDQDVSXH GDEOH/DIXQFLyQSULQFLSDOGHORVSURFHGLPLHQWRVMXUtGLFRV
GHQFDUDFWHUL]DUVHSRUYLYLUXQDYLGDULFDGHH[SHULHQFLDV HV HYLWDU HO OLQFKDPLHQWR HO FDVWLJR LPSXHVWR SRU SURSLD
VXEMHWLYDVRELHQSUHGRPLQDUODVUHODFLRQHVHLQWHUFDP PDQR VLQ SURFHVR OHJDO TXH VLHPSUH DFHFKD LQFOXVR HQ
ELRVFRQHOPXQGRSHURDGHPiVH[LVWHXQDWHUFHUDPR HVWHSDtVGRQGH DUDt]GHOp[LWRGHORVSURFHGLPLHQWRVOH
GDOLGDGGHODVDOXGTXHODVSHUVRQDVSXHGHQGLVIUXWDU\ JDOHV QXQFDVHDVLVWHDpO+HFRPSUREDGRTXHHVWHSXQWR
TXH:LQQLFRWWGHQRPLQD SURSLDGH ­ ® ¯ ° ® ± ² ® ³ ´ ² µ ´ ¶ · ¸ ¶ ± µ · ¹ º
GH YLVWD UHVXOWD H[WUHPDGDPHQWH LPSRSXODU HQ HVSHFLDO
ODUHDOLGDGFRPSDUWLGDTXHVHHQOD]DFRQORVXEMHWLYRGH HQWUHORVVHQWLPHQWDOLVWDVTXHSDUWLFLSDQGHOPRYLPLHQWRHQ
FDGDSHUVRQDVHLQLFLDHQHOMXJDUHVSRQWiQHR\FRQGXFH SURGHODUHIRUPDSHQDO(OS~EOLFRGHEHVHUYHQJDGR
DODKHUHQFLDKXPDQD ¢<TXpSDVDFRQODHGXFDFLyQS~EOLFD"¢$FDVRQRHVSRVL
EOHHGXFDUDOS~EOLFRGHPRGRWDOTXHYHDHQHOGHOLQFXHQWH
3DUD¿QDOL]DUVHKDUiUHIHUHQFLDDXQUDVJRTXHSDUWLFXOD DXQDSHUVRQDHQIHUPD"/DUHVSXHVWDHVTXHHQODPHGLGD
UL]D DO DXWRU \ TXH FRQVLVWLy HQ OD UHGDFFLyQ HSLVWRODU HQTXHORVKRPEUHV\PXMHUHVVRQFRQVFLHQWHVGHVXVVHQ
HQFRQWUDGR DVt XQ OXJDU SURSLFLR GRQGH H[SUHVDU VXV WLPLHQWRV SXHGHQ VHU HGXFDGRV DFHUFD GH WRGR OR TXH
RSLQLRQHV LGHDV \ SHQVDPLHQWRV HQFRQWUDQGR DOOt VX YHUGDGHUDPHQWHVHGHVFXEUHVREUHODSVLFRORJtDGHOGHOLWR
DSRUWHPiVVLQJXODU SHURODJHQWHQRHVDVt\VLHPSUHKD\JUXSRVGHSHUVRQDV
(QHVWDRFDVLyQVHWUDQVFULEHXQDFDUWDGLULJLGDDOGLUHFWRU FRQXQJUDQQ~FOHRFHQWUDOLQFRQVFLHQWHHQJUDQPHGLGD
GHOGLDULR HOGHDJRVWRGH 5RGPDQSS
» ² ¼ ® ½
LQDFFHVLEOHDODFRQFLHQFLDD~QFRQODD\XGDTXHEULQGDQ
 'LFHDVt ORVSRHWDVDUWLVWDV\¿OyVRIRVDWRGRVORVTXHOHVFRQFHGHQ
WLHPSRSDUDTXHRSHUHHVDD\XGD
6HxRU (QRWUDVSDODEUDVQRKD\OtPLWHVHQFXDQWRDODFDSDFLGDG
(QVXSURSyVLWRGHLQIRUPDU¿GHGLJQDPHQWHDFHUFDGHODV TXHFDGDXQRGHQRVRWURVWLHQHTXHVHUSOHQDPHQWHHGXFD
FXHVWLRQHV S~EOLFDV GXUDQWH OD ~OWLPD VHPDQD XVWHG KD GRLQFOXVRFRQUHVSHFWRDORTXHVDEHPRVYHUGDGHUR$Vt
SXEOLFDGR YDULDV QRWLFLDV FRPHQWDULRV \ FDUWDV VREUH OD SXHVVLHPSUHKDEUiGRVSXQWRVGHYLVWD(OPpGLFR SVLFRD
GHOLQFXHQFLDMXYHQLOHOPDQHMRGHODFiUFHOGH+ROORZD\\HO QDOLVWD VLQGXGDVHYHUiPiV\PiVLQFOLQDGRDPHGLGDTXH
LQWULQFDGRSUREOHPDGHOGHOLWR\ODHQIHUPHGDGPHQWDO5DUD WUDQVFXUUHHOWLHPSRDGHFLUHVWHQLxRRDGXOWRDQWLVRFLDOHV
YH] VH VROLFLWDQ R VRQ SXEOLFDGRV ORV FRPHQWDULRV GH XQ DQWLVRFLDODUDt]GHTXHHVWiHQIHUPR<OXHJRODOH\SURFH
SVLFRDQDOLVWDHQOXJDUGHHOORVHSUHVXPHTXHHOSVLFyORJR GHUiDFRQVLGHUDUKDVWDTXpSXQWRORVVHQWLPLHQWRVS~EOLFRV
WLHQHXQDDFWLWXGUHVSHFWRGHHVWRSUREDEOHPHQWHXQDDF LQFRQVFLHQWHV QHFHVLWDQODDSOLFDFLyQGHXQFDVWLJRFRQ
WLWXGVHQWLPHQWDO/DLGHDGHTXHHOSVLFRDQiOLVLVQRWHQJD LQGHSHQGHQFLDGHOGLDJQyVWLFRSVLTXLiWULFR
DFWLWXGDOJXQDDOUHVSHFWRSHURSXHGDHVFODUHFHUODFXHVWLyQ £6yORVLHVSRVLEOHHIHFWXDUHVWDVLPSOHVHSDUDFLyQGHORV
PX\SRFDVYHFHVVHLQVLQ~D SXQWRVGHYLVWD\PDQWHQHUODWHQGUiHVSHUDQ]DVHOPpGLFR
(QHVWDDFWXDOWHQGHQFLDH[LVWHXQJUDQSHOLJURTXHDOJXQRV GHODSVLTXHGHFRQVHUYDUODRSRUWXQLGDGGHHVWXGLDUDOLQ
GHQRVRWURV\DKHPRVSUHGLFKR8QJLURVHQWLPHQWDOKDFLD GLYLGXR DQWLVRFLDO FRPR SHUVRQD HQIHUPD \ H[SRQHU VX
HOQLxRRHODGXOWRDQWLVRFLDOHVWHQGUiTXHLUVHJXLGRWDUGH SXQWRGHYLVWDFXDQGRVHORVROLFLWH´
RWHPSUDQRGHXQDUHDFFLyQ(QYHUGDGODSHUVRQDTXHVH 4XHGRGHXVWHGHWF
HQFXHQWUDVHQWLPHQWDOLVWDFRQUHVSHFWRDOGHOLWRXWLOL]DDO
¾ ¿ À Á ¿ Â Ã À Á ¿ À

FULPLQDOSDUDH[SUHVDUVXSURSLDFULPLQDOLGDGRFXOWD\VH '::LQQLFRWW)5&3
KDOODHQODPLVPDSRVLFLyQ DXQTXHHQIRUPDPHQRVIUDQFD 
TXHHOKRPEUHRODPXMHUFRUULHQWHVTXHGLVIUXWDQGHODV

DE LA PÁGINA 125 A LA 130 129


EL APORTE DEL TÉRMINO “DEPRIVACIÓN” ACUÑADO POR D. W. WINNICOTT, EN LA ÉPOCA QUE TRANSITAMOS
THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE TERM “DEPRIVATION” COINED BY D. W. WINNICOTT, IN THE AGE WE ARE GOING THROUGH
Mena, M. Inés; Fleischer, Deborah

::LQQLFRWW \
n † n u u m † Ð
Ä Å Ä Æ Å Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Ê y {

i d k j p k k j i j j i k e e s j s d i d k Ô Ô

)OHLVFKHU '  


u n n m n m n u m n n m
z

GHQRYLHPEUH&$%$%V$V2UJDQL]DFLyQ(VSDFLR
&OtQLFR$3$
Í d Î j i p s d e g j … k g h i k j s … h i d i g s

%V$V*UDPDHGLFLRQHV
)OHLVFKHU'0XWFKLQLFN'RWURV  Ï k r o s d
n

s
m u

o s d
n Ð

j
†

d s x
0XWFKLQLFN'  (OVDEHUGHODKHUHMtD%V$V/HWUD9LYD
VDGH3VLFRDQiOLVLVQRVHQVHxD%V$V-&((GLFLRQHV 5RGPDQ)5 &RPS   &DUWDGHOGHDJRVWRGH
m m w n n m m u † n m u
z y z { z { z

)OHLVFKHU' &RPS   


m m n w u u n

“ – c d ß s e k c k j e Ò j s k Í g e s k i p i j j i k e e

%V$V3DLGyV  
Ñ s e i h k j i k p s o j g Ò e i p s s j x

VHxDQ]D 0 .OHLQ ' : :LQQLFRWW \ : %LRQ %V $V -&(
(GLFLRQHV 5RGXOIR5  7UDEDMRGH/HFWXUDOHFWXUDVGHYLROHQFLD/R
%V$V
u n m u w m n u
{ z

)OHLVFKHU'$OOHJUR)  ³9DULDFLRQHVHQODFDXVDFLyQGHO à


g s e i t k x d k p s e g o e i t k s j s d s j h i s j e k p s i j j i k e e

VXMHWR´SXEOLFDGRHQ ,,&RQJUHVR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH
n m

’  á â ã

— s h k g i

LQYHVWLJDFLyQ\SUiFWLFD3URIHVLRQDOHQ3VLFRORJtD;9,,MRUQD :LQQLFRWW':  'HVDUUROORHPRFLRQDOSULPLWLYRHQ


m u m

c g i e k

GDV GH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ VH[WR HQFXHQWUR GH LQYHVWLJDGRUHV HQ    %V $V HGLWRULDO 3DLGyV
n n m u n m m
Û Û

p s s p i e g Î Þ i k j Ò d i i

SVLFRORJtDGHO0HUFRVXUQRYLHPEUHGHO,661,6%1 
 :LQQLFRWW ':   (O QLxR GHSULYDGR \ FRPR FRPSUHQGHUOR
)OHLVFKHU'$OOHJUR)RWURV  ³/DHFRQRPtDGHJRFHHQHO SRUODSpUGLGDGHXQDYLGDIDPLOLDUHQ
n n n m n

Ï … h i d i Þ s d p s g g k d d k

IHWLFKLVPR \ OD DGLFFLyQ´ SXEOLFDGR HQ   %V$V(GLFLRQHV+RUPH 


n Ð Ð

Ó j o g i k Ô Õ p s d i j p i t i p o k

,6619ROXPHQ;9,,S :LQQLFRWW ':   ³/DV 3VLFRVLV \ HO FXLGDGR GH ORV QLxRV´
)OHLVFKHU ' $OOHJUR ) RWURV   ³/D SDVLyQ HUyWLFD SRU ODV  %V$VHGLWRULDO
m u m n n m u n m m
Û Û

c g i e k p s s p i e g Î Þ i k j Ò d i i

WHODV\ORIHPHQLQRDSRUWHVDODQRFLyQGHFRPSXOVLyQ´SXEOL 3DLGyV 


FDGRHQ ,661YROXPHQ;9,,S
n Ð Ð

:LQQLFRWW':  /DWHQGHQFLDDQWLVRFLDOHQ


m u m
Û

Ó j o g i k Ô Õ


c g i e k p s s x

  %V$VHGLWRULDO3DLGyV 


n n m u n m m
Û

p i e g Î Þ i k j Ò d i i

)OHLVFKHU'$OOHJUR)RWURV   (FRQRPtDSVtTXLFDGHOR


l

:LQQLFRWW':  (OGHVWLQRGHO2EMHWR7UDQVLFLRQDOHQ


FXDQWLWDWLYRDORSROtWLFR´SXEOLFDGRHQ ,,,&RQJUHVR
c ä x

n m

 %V$V3DLGyV 


w n u m w m u n n u n m Ð
z

— s h k g i

,QWHUQDFLRQDOGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ\SUiFWLFDSURIHVLRQDOHQSVLFR
d k g i k j s i k j d Î e i

:LQQLFRWW':  /D)DPLOLD\HOGHVDUUROORHPRFLRQDO


n

ORJtD;9,,,-RUQDGDVGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ6pSWLPR(QFXHQWURGH
“ – Ï

%V$V(GLFLRQHV+RUPH
n n m n

,QYHVWLJDGRUHV HQ 3VLFRORJtD GHO 0HUFRVXU QRYLHPEUH GH


… h i d i Þ s d p s g g k d d k p s d i j p i t i p o k


,661,6%1
:LQQLFRWW':  'HODGHSHQGHQFLDDODLQGHSHQGHQFLDHQ
)OHLVFKHU'  ³5HODFLRQHVDGLFWLYDV¢IUDFDVRGHODIXQFLyQ
HOGHVDUUROORGHOLQGLYLGXRHQ
m w u m m n n u

,9&RQJUHVR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGHLQYHV
n m

Ï k g k s k p s h p o g i v j Þ s d

n n u n m m w n n n n m n
z
’ Ö ’ Ž × Ø Ù  Ú ’ q “ – — s h k g i

WLJDFLyQ\SUiFWLFDSURIHVLRQDOHQSVLFRORJtD;,;-RUQDGDVGH
h ‡ i s j e s … i d i e p k g c e o p i k g o j e s k g Î p s d p s g g k d d k

 %V$V3DLGyV 


u n
z

,QYHVWLJDFLyQ9,,,(QFXHQWURGH,QYHVWLJDGRUHVHQ3VLFRORJtD
s h k i k j d

GHO0HUFRVXUQRY :LQQLFRWW':  (OFRQFHSWRGHLQGLYLGXRVDQR


„ † n

“ – c d k g ‰

m w w n n m n m w m u n n m n
z z å

*UHJR% &RPS    %XHQRV$LUHV


u n m u
{

j o s e g k o j e k p s g e i p c j Þ k p s o j i k j d i e ã æ 㠊

3DLGyV 
Ï s e o g p s i j j i k e e

/XJDU(GLWRULDO
:LQQLFRWW':  /DXELFDFLyQGHODH[SHULHQFLDFXOWXUDOHQ
*UHJR% &RPS   
m n m n m u n Ð † m n
y

%V$V*HGLVDHGLWRULDO 
n n †
ç
s g g k d d k s j d c o s d j d s p s

%V$V(GLWRULDO7HNQp
m u n m m
Û z

s d i p p Þ è o s k

i k j Ò d i i

:LQQLFRWW':  (OOXJDUHQTXHYLYLPRV


n n
ç

0HQD0  ³/DOH\GHOPHUFDGRFDSLWDOLVWDVXVWLWX\HODOH\


“ – s d i p p Þ è o s x

%V$V*HGLVDHGLWRULDO 
†

HGtSLFD ¢'HFOLQDFLyQ RFDVR LQVX¿FLHQFLD GH OD IXQFLyQ GHO


k

13 SXEOLFDGRHQ ,&RQJUHVR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH,Q :LQQLFRWW ':   %V $V 3DLGyV


n é n n n „ n n

n m

Ï e o g d s ˆ o h j ‰

Ü q — s h k g i

YHVWLJDFLyQ\3UiFWLFD3URIHVLRQDOHQ3VLFRORJtD;9,-RUQDGDV  
GH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ4XLQWR(QFXHQWURGH,QYHVWLJDGRUHVHQ3VL
FRORJtDGHO0HUFRVXUDJRVWRGH,661,6%1
)HFKDGHUHFHSFLyQGHPD\RGH
0HQD0  ³)HWLFKLVPRIHWLFKHHQODHUDGHODJOREDOL]DFLyQ´
)HFKDGHDFHSWDFLyQGHRFWXEUHGH
SXEOLFDGRHQ &RQJUHVR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGHLQYHVWLJD
n m Ð Ð

— s h k g i

FLyQ\SUiFWLFD3URIHVLRQDOHQ3VLFRORJtD;9,,MRUQDGDVGHLQ
YHVWLJDFLyQ VH[WR HQFXHQWUR GH LQYHVWLJDGRUHV HQ SVLFRORJtD
GHO0HUFRVXUQRYLHPEUH,661,6%1
0HQD0  ³(OOXJDUGHOIHWLFKHHQHOGLVFXUVRGH)UHXG\GH
0DU[DODOX]GHODpSRFDDFWXDOSRVPRGHUQD´SXEOLFDGRHQ
 ,661 YRO S 
n Ð Ð Ð

Ó j o g i k Ô Õ

0HQD0  ³(OOXJDUGHODH[SHULHQFLDHQODSROtWLFDHFRQyPL


FDGHOPHUFDGRDFWXDO´HQ &' ;;(QFXHQWUR/DWLQR
n m

— s h k g i

DPHULFDQRVREUHHOSHQVDPLHQWRGH'::LQQLFRWW
Û

Ý k g r o f

\GHQRY0RQWHYLGHR8UXJXD\
u „
{

i j j i k e e k Þ Ü

0HQD0  (OWpUPLQR³VDOXG´VRORDGTXLHUHYDORUHQUHODFLyQ


DODSURYLVLyQGHOPHGLRDPELHQWH8QDUHÀH[LyQGHVGHHODQi
OLVLVUHDOL]DGRSRUHOSVLFRDQDOLVWD'::LQQLFRWW
n m

— s h k g i

,9&RQJUHVR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ\3UiFWLFD3URIH
VLRQDOHQ3VLFRORJtD;,;-RUQDGDVGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ9,,,(Q
FXHQWUR GH ,QYHVWLJDGRUHV HQ 3VLFRORJtD GHO 0HUFRVXU 1RY
 &' )DFXOWDGGH3VLFRORJtD8%$&$%$$UJHQWLQD
0HQD0  ³8QDJUDWDYLVLWD´ WHVWLPRQLRFOtQLFR 
n m

— s h k g i

;;,(QFXHQWUR/DWLQRDPHULFDQRVREUHHOSHQVDPLHQWRGH'

130 DE LA PÁGINA 125 A LA 130

Вам также может понравиться