Question 1 (Ethics)

[Soalan 1]

a) Board of Engineers Malaysa (BEM) produces the Code of Professional Conduct of an

engineer as the guidelines in engineering profession. Describe all FIVE (5) main
sections in this code?
[Lembaga Jurutera Malaysia (BEM) telah mengeluarkan Kod Etika bagi seseorang jurutera
sebagai rujukan di dalam kerjaya kejuruteraan. Terangkan kesemua lima (5) bahagian utama
di dalam kod ini?]
( 5Marks / Markah)
Answer:

Five (5) Main SECTIONS for CODE of ETHICS

 A Registered Engineer shall at all times hold paramount the safety, health and welfare
of the public.
 A Registered Engineer shall undertake assignments only if he is qualified by
education & experience in the specific technical fields in which he is involved.
 A Registered Engineer shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful
manner.
 A Registered Engineer shall act for each employer or clients as faithful agent or
trustee.
 A Registered Engineer shall conduct himself honourably, responsibly, ethically and
lawfully so as to enhance the honour, reputation and usefulness of the profession.

b) What is ethics? In engineering profession, ethic can be divided into personal and
professional ethics. Explain both of these ethics?
[Apakah itu etika?Di dalam kerjaya jurutera, etika boleh di bahagikan kepada etika personal
dan etika professional.Terangkan kedua-dua kategori etika ini?]
( 5Marks / Markah)
Answer:
 Ethics is the principles of good and bad behaviour governing what is right
and wrong conduct.
 Personal ethics - is individual morality usually implies a set of internally
held values; focus on what are held to be intrinsic or universal values - truth,
honesty, or other measure of goodness; may guide our personal beliefs and
actions
 Professional ethics - is usually connected to a shared understanding of proper
conduct guidelines among a group of people associated by means of their
profession; allows diverse, multidisciplinary, and multicultural teams to work
in unison toward common goals.

c) The Institution of Engineers Malaysia (IEM) and Board of Engineers Malaysia

(BEM) are two important bodies that govern the engineers in Malaysia.
Distinguish the functions of these institutions and assess their contribution in
national human resources development. What is the main difference between
these two entities?
[Institut Jurutera Malaysia (IEM) danLembaga Jurutera Malaysia (BEM) adalah dua badan
penting bagi seorang jurutera di Malaysia. Bezakan peranan kedua-dua institusi tersebut dan
 nilaikan sumbangan mereka dari segi pembangunan modal insan negara. Apakah perbezaan
utama diantara dua entiti ini.]
( 10 marks / Markah)

Answers
IEM
 A learned society where engineers of various disciplines in every sector of economic
activities come together for mutual helpfulness and sharing of experiences and
technologies.
 IEM works closely with BEM to enhance the status of engineers in the society
(accreditation of engineering degree, professional interview, international recognition
of standards for the training of professional engineers, etc.)
 Help young engineers to establish themselves in the ranks.
 Establish social linkages between engineers.

BEM
 The work of engineers can have significant impact on public interest.
 BEM is the regulatory body to enforce the Engineers Act to protect public interest.
 Engineers are bound by the Code of Professional Conduct.
 Engineers shall be professional in discharging their duty and responsibility in order to
uphold the dignity, standing, and reputation of the engineering profession
 Achieving Professional Engineer status can be regarded as a self-fulfillment to
enhance the status of a person in the society.

IEM vs BEM
 Difference Role between BEM and IEM..
 BEM is government body authority to ensure all practicing engineer in compliance to
MALAYSIA's LAW in engineering related. Once you are certified by BEM, you are
Professional Engineer (PE) and you can apply Ir. in front of you name i.e. Ir.
JoeWong.
 IEM is professional body a body promote professionalism and encourage continuous
learning. Provide professional opinion to BEM whenever required. NO authority at all
in legal terms. Once you are approved by IEM as member, you are Corporate member
of IEM and you can applyENGR at the end or below your name.
Question 2 (Safety & Health)
[Soalan2]

a) The safety and health are two important elements in the engineering profession.
[Keselamatan dan kesihatan adalah dua elemen penting di dalam kerjaya kejuruteraan.

i) What is the safety and health program in the workplace? Describe why it is important
to manage this safety and health at workplace?
[Apakah yang di maksudkan dengan program keselamatan dan kesihatan di tempat
kerja?]
ii) Why it is important to manage the safety and health at workplace from legal
perspective?
[Mengapa penting untuk menguruskan keselamatan dan kesihatan di tempat kerja?]
iii) Provide FOUR (4) benefits of the good safety and health program at workplace?
[Berikan EMPAT (4) faedah bagi pengurusan keselamatan dan kesihatan yang baik
di tempat kerja?]

( 10Marks / Markah)

Answer:
i) A workplace safety and health program is a systematic plan to identify and control
hazards and respond to emergencies.
The program lays out responsibilities, resources, and procedures for keeping the
workplace safe and healthy. Its objective is to integrate safety and health into all work
practices and conditions.
ii) Why it is important:
o Mandatory under the law- It is one of the general duties as prescribed under
the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514) for the employer to
provide a safe workplaces to their employees and other related person. …….
OSH ACT
o Since the days of the Industrial Revolution, when most factories were death-
traps for the workers, legislation has steadily improved health and safety at
work. Applying our normal principle that prevention is better than cure.
iii) Benefits of good safety and health program (any four from below)
o Reduces lost time
o Reduces need to provide cover for personnel absent from work because of
injury
o Reduces sick pay payments
o Reduces need for time-consuming accident investigation and consequent
saving in management time and production down time
o Reduces potential for prosecution and other enforcement action by authorities
o Reductionin the number of claims for compensation by injured personnel
o Reducesemployer’sliabilityinsurance premiums
o Improves moral
o Improves image of company, both in terms of employer and competent
contractor
 b) In the code of professional conduct, it is stated that “Wherever engineers practice, they should
hold paramount the health, safety, and welfare of the public. Explain this statement?
[Di dalam kod etika professional, ia menyatakan bahawa, “Di mana jua jurutera
menjalankan tugasnya, mereka perlulah mengutamakan kesihatan, keselamatan dan
kebajikan masyarakat”.Terangkan kenyataan ini?]
( 4Marks / Markah)

Answer:

This statement means that each of the engineers always need to serve the public by put the public
interest as the main factor in their profession. How an engineer fulfills those obligations may depend
on the social and economic context of engineering practice.

c) Hazard is the condition that potential of causing any injury or diseases at work. Give all
categories of hazard from engineering perspective?
[Kecelakaan adalah keadaan yang boleh menyebabkan kecederaan atau penyakit ditempat
kerja. Berikan semua ketegori kecelakaan dari kaca mata kejuruteraan?]

( 6 Marks / Markah)

Answer:

1. Physical Hazards
2. Chemical Hazards
3. Biological Hazards
4. Electrical Hazards
5. Radiation Hazards
6. Psychological Hazards
Question 3 (Ethics)
[Soalan3]

a) In Board of Engineers Malaysa (BEM), there are two main groups of engineers,
namely as graduate engineers and professional engineers? Explain the requirement to
become both group of engineers?
[Di dalam Lembaga Jurutera Malaysia (BEM), terdapat dua kumpulan utama jurutera, iaitu
jurutera graduan dan jurutera professional.Berikan syarat-syarat untuk layak untuk
menyertai kedua-dua kumpulan jurutera ini?]
(4 Marks / Markah)
Answer:
GRADUATE ENGINEER - those who has successfully completed an accredited engineering
program
PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER - a graduate engineer who has obtained the prescribed
practical experience, passed the Professional Assessment Examination, and satisfied all other
requirements of BEM

b) In the Code of Professional Conduct, it is stated that “Every registered Engineer shall
at all times uphold the dignity, high standing and reputation of his profession.”
Explain about this statement? Why it is important for all engineers to strictly comply
with this code of ethics?
[Di dalam Kod Etika Profesional, ia menyatakan bahawa, “Setiap jurutera mestilah pada
setiap masa menghormati dengan sepenuh hati, mengutamakan dan menjaga kebajikan
didalam kerjayanya.”. Terangkan apakah di maksudkan dengan kenyataan ini? Kenapakah
perlu setiap jurutera mematuhi kod etika ini?]
( 6Marks / Markah)
Answer:
 The Engineering Professional plays a paramount role in a developing country
such as ours. The work of engineers shapes the physical environment of
society, and has a profound effect on the economic growth and development
of the nation.
 It is therefore essential that the members of the engineering profession should
always perform their duties to the highest standards of professional integrity.
They should maintain the dignity of the profession, and not be led astray by
commercial motives into performing actions which are not for the good of
the profession as a whole, or for the good of society in general.

c) As consulting engineer, you have been asking by your client company to perform
some study which is not in your area or expertise. The client insists you to conduct
the study as soon as possible before your contract ended. Actually, your client
doesn’t want to hire a new consulting engineer to perform the study as the cost
saving measures. How do you want to handle this situation?Provide your
justification?
[Sebagai seorang jurutera konsultan, anda di minta oleh majikan anda untuk menjalankan
satu kajian bidangnya di luar kemahiran anda. Majikan tersebut menyuruh anda melakukan
kajian ini secepat mungkin sebelum kontrak tamat. Sebenarnya, syarikat majikan anda tidak
 mahu menggajikan seorang jurutera baru sebagai satu langkah penjimatan kos. Bagaimana
anda mengendalikan keadaan ini? Berikan justifikasi anda?]
(10 marks / Markah)

Answers

- The consulting engineer should act according to Section 27 Code of Professional

Conduct
o 27. A registered Engineer shall not —
a. canvass or solicit professional employment;
b. offer to make by way of commission or any other payment for the introduction
of his professional employment;
c. except as permitted by the Board, advertise in any manner or form in
connection with his profession; or
d. provide professional engineering services to any person, unless the scope of
such services are clearly defined in a written agreement between both parties.

The answer will be based on the justification given, basically according to

the section 27 of code of professional conduct.
Question 5 (Safety & Health)
[Soalan 5]

Figure 5: Welder in a machine workshop

a) Figure 5 shows a welder working in a machine workshop. Based on this figure, explain the
potential hazards that this welder will be facing?
[Rajah 5 menunjukkan keadaan seorang pengimpal sedang menjalankan kerjanya di bengkel
mesin. Berdasarkan gambarajah tersebut, berikan kemungkinan kecelakaan yang akan di
hadapi oleh pengimpal ini? ]
(6 Marks/Markah)

Answer:
 Eye problems from doing close work, especially in poor light
 Long periods with inadequate seating, can suffer from back and other musculoskeletal
problems.
 Solder fumes or solder “flecks” in the eye when the excess solder is cut off with pliers.

b) At the workplace, the occurrence of the workplace accident can be minimized if the company
has the proper risk management.
[Kejadian kecelakaan di tempat kerja boleh di kurangkan sekiranya setiap syarikat
mempunyai pengurusan risiko yang baik ]
i) What is the risk management at workplace?
[Apakah yang di maksudkan dengan pengurusan risiko di tempat kerja ]
ii) Why it is important to assess the risk?
[Kenapakah penting untuk mengkaji risiko? ]
 ( 6 Marks / Markah)

Answer:

i) Risk management involves the: identification, assessment, and prioritization of risks

followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and
control the probability and/or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of
opportunities. Controlling the risk will eliminate, or minimize or control the hazard if
possible.
ii) A risk assessment - careful examination what could cause harm to people, so that you can
weigh up whether you have taken enough precautions or should do more to prevent harm.
Workers and others have a right to be protected from harm caused by a failure to take
reasonable control measures.

a) HIRARC is one of the systematic processes commonly used in risk management at

work place. Describe the meaning of HIRARC and illustrate the process flow of the
steps involved in HIRARC.
[HIRARC merupakan salah satu proses bersistem yang selalu digunakan dalam pengurusan
risiko di tempat kerja. Huraikan erti HIRARC dan gambarkan aliran proses langkah-langkah
yang terlibat dalam proses HIRARC.
( 8 Marks / Markah)
Answer:
HIRARC is a compound word, made up of 3 consecutive activities running one after the
other.
The activities consist of Hazard
 Hazard identification is the recognising of things which may cause injury or harm to a
person.
 Risk assessment is the looking at the possibility of injury or harm occurring to a
person if exposed to a hazard.
 Risk control is the introduction of measures which will eliminate or reduce the risk of
a person being exposed to a hazard.

Steps in HIRARC:
(1) Classify work activities
(2) Identify hazards
(3) Conduct risk assessement (analyse and estimate risk from each hazard), by calculating or
estimating:
a. Likelihood of occurrence
b. Severity of hazard
(4) Decide if risk is tolerable and apply control measures (if necessary)

(5) Q 1 Dilemma between capital expenditure and optimum design.

(6) Ans: Is it really a dilemma
(7) Technology comes with cost
(8) Reduction of scope of work
(9) Simple design
(10) Offer what the client wants and can afford.
(11) Stick to the best quality materials at the best rates.
(12) Clarify all impact and implications to clients
(13) Be reminded of safety; low maintenance and optimum life-cycle
cost.
(14)
(15) Q 2 Benefits of privatization.
(16) Ans: Examples of privatized public utility companies in Malaysia.
(17) Case studies of Power and Water companies.
(18) Be clear about the differences between BOT, concession and other forms of
business by the government to the public.
(19) Stability of supply / lower down-time / better quality services
(20) Faster decision-making process – faster response
(21) Focus on possible benefits on Training, bigger financial base, introduction
of up-to-date technology, transfer of technology, international exposure and
scope.
(22) Consider counter-benefits of higher fees
(23)
(24) Q 3 Safety practices in selected industries.
(25) Ans: Pick one industry of your choice.
(26) Be careful in assessing the adequacy of the safety practices. It should be
adequate but certain aspects still need to be addressed.
(27) Safety policy
(28) Personal Protective Equipment
(29) Include safety costs in quotes
(30) Look at issues on awareness, implementation and enforcement.
(31) Look at Hazop and Hazan; Safety audits; job safety analysis, contractors
scope,
(32) Fixed installations – passive protection
(33) PPE; hardware and software of safety and fire-fighting.
(34)
(35) Q 4 IEM and promotion of professionalism.
(36) Ans: Know well the current organization, roles, functions, activities
and influence of IEM and suggest areas of improvement towards promoting
professionalism of engineers.
(37) Areas may include:
(38) Consultants to government / single voice on national issues
(39) Public awareness of the profession / what we do, what we can
provide
(40) Interaction and cooperation between professions
(41) Regulatory body on ethics and professional conduct
(42) Reference for technical matters
(43)
(44)
(45)
(46)
(47) Q 5 Positive impacts on contributions of engineers.
(48) Ans: Focus on big impacts and not the ordinary.
(49) Pick up maybe one extraordinary example from each common
discipline of engineering and elaborate how each has contributed immensely to
the well-being of mankind.
(50) Protection of the environment; combating poverty and disease;
design of super-efficient systems, educational facilities, IT infrastructure etc.
(51)
(52) Q 6 Self-promotion of engineers without using commission and anything
similar to get jobs.
(53) Ans: Examine issues on advertising for services.
(54) Progress step-by-step:
(55) Good self-projection
(56) Participate in lectures
(57) Do R&D and publish
(58) Promote through exhibitions
(59) Lead and perform by showing good examples
(60) Establish through design competition and the like
(61)
(62) Q 7 Steps to prevent corruption and unethical practices.
(63) Ans: Practise good set of procedures
(64) Abide to laws, rules and regulations
(65) Be transparent, use open tender, subject work to audit, use of standard
specs, competitive bidding for supplies, fair evaluation, no deviations of specs or
alternative offer, QA/QC, pay employees well.
(66)
(67) Q 8 Ethical considerations of a rushed land clearing job.
(68) Ans: Job behind time with conflict between environmental requirements
and pressure to finish the job in time; temptation to:
(69) Sub-standard work, by-passing procedures, inducement to inspectors,
over-time and unsafe and night work. Consider to reschedule in order to put in
place preventive measures.
(70)
(71) Q 9 Better quality construction without conflict to profits.
(72) Ans: Redefine scope
(73) Prepare better set of specs
(74) Choose better materials, manpower, techniques, machinery, etc at better
rates.
(75) Maintain good QC/QA
(76) Good relationships between all stakeholders.
(77)
(78) Q 10 Solving conflict of professional interest.
(79) Ans: Conflicts could be economic, environmental, management touching
on issues related to:
(80) Cost recovery after a ‘dive’ in quotation
(81) Effluents and emissions
(82) ‘Wistle-blowing’
(83) Marginal quality
(84) Unsafe practices
(85)
(86) Issues on undercutting, backdoor methods, taking more risks as a result.
(87) Be clear on objectives: on specs and on time with required quality. Listen
to all parties, good team-work, shared responsibility, third party involvement on
fees management, merging of consultants.
(88)
(89) Q 11 Consequences of observing laws and regulations on all kinds of
pollution.
 (90) Ans: Pick up an industry: discuss needs of regulations; examine
consequences positive as well as negative; good to the environment, higher
investment and higher cost of operation.
(91)
(92) Q 12 Cost effectiveness and HSE requirements.
(93) Ans: Involve design; cost reduction to achieve higher productivity;
better health, safety and environmental considerations in the long run will be
cost-effective.
(94)
(95) Q 13 How engineers can keep abreast with development of technology.
(96) Ans: Discuss benefits of bearing in mind HSE issues in an engineer’s
work. Discuss aspects of CPD to update the knowledge and competency of
engineers.
(97)
(98) Q 14 Request of irregular proposals from a turn-key contractor.
(99) Ans: Examine the pros and cons of a turnkey contract vis-a-vis the
position of the engineer. Give examples of possible requests in question and what
could be done by referring to codes and standards.
(100)
(101) Q 15 Issues on virtual labs.
(102)
(103) Ans: Discuss the real benefits of having real labs for various engineering
disciplines. See if the objectives can be achieved by alternative means including
virtual labs. Examine the cost, convenience and effectiveness impacts. Elaborate
areas where the virtual labs are better.
a