11/17/2017

Frictional Resistance, Qs (in Clay)

Q = pLf

DEEP FOUNDATIONS
Methods for obtaining the frictional resistance, f:
α Method
PILE FOUNDATIONS λ Method
CE 522 β Method

λ Method
Table 19. Variation of α (Interpolated
α Method Values Based on Terzaghi, Peck and
Mesri, 1996) Table 19. Variation of λ with Pile
 The unit skin resistance (f) can be  proposed by Vijayvergiya and Focht Embedment Length, L
represented by: (1972)
f =∝ c  The average skin resistance (fav) can be
where: represented by:
α = empirical adhesion factor (Table 19) f = λ(σ + 2c )
= function of vertical effective stress and where:
undrained cohesion
. σ = mean effective vertical stress for the entire
σ embedment length (from stress diagram)
∝= C
c A +A +⋯+A
σ =
L
σ = average vertical effective stress
cu = mean undrained shear strength (φ = 0)
C ≈ 0.4 to 0.5 for bored piles ∑c L
c =
≥ 0.5 for driven piles L
cu = undrained cohesion λ = function of pile penetration (Table 20)
Q = ∑   pΔLf Q = pLf
 11/17/2017

β Method EXAMPLE:
 The unit skin resistance (f) can be represented by:
f = βσ 1. A driven pile in clay is
shown in the figure. The
and pipe has an outside
β = Ktanϕ diameter of 400 mm. and
wall thickness of 6.35 mm.
where:
a) α method
σ = average vertical effective stress per ΔL
b) λ method
ϕ = drained friction angle of remolded clay
c) β method, the top 10m
K = earth pressure coefficient of clay is normally
= conservatively, use K at rest condition consolidate, and the
bottom clay layer has
K = 1 − sinϕ (Normally Consolidated Clays) an OCR = 2. Use
  ϕ =30o
K = (1 − sinϕ ) OCR (Over Consolidated Clays)

Q = ∑   pΔLf

2. A concrete pile 16 in. x

16 in. in cross section is
shown in the figure.
Calculate the ultimate
skin friction resistance
by using the
a) α method
b) λ method
c) β method
Use ϕ = 20o for all
clays, which are normally
consolidated.