Multilayer systems

Steinbrenner’s (1934) method for the vertical surface displacement

of a rectangle on ‘n’ layers Poulos & Davis (1977)’s
n 1 I p ,i 1  I p ,i I p ,1 formula is WRONG
 z  pB{  }
i 1 Ei 1 E1 I p  (1  2 ) F1  (1    2 2 ) F2
Ei, I are the elastic
parameters of layer i
Ipi is the vertical
displacement influence
factor corresponding
to a depth factor hi/B,
where hi is the depth
below the ground
surface of the bottom
of the layer i

H1
hi
H2
Foundation settlement for transversely isotropic rock mass
The appropriate equation to use is defined by
1
ad  c 2
 2cGzh  2Gzh (ad ) 2
Eh (1  hz zh )
2  , a
4Gzh d (1  hh )(1  hh  2 hz zh )
 h zh  h zh (1  hh )
c , d y
1  hh  2 hz zh  hz (1  hh  2 hz zh ) x
1 z
ad  c 2
 2cG zh 2Gzh (ad ) 2 Corrected 
 
2

4Gzh d
These solutions are subject to the following limitations:

(1  hh  2 hz zh )  0 Ez, Eh: vertical and horizontal Young’s

modulus, respectively
(1  hh )  0 hh: Poisson’s ratio for horizontal stress on
the complimentary horizontal strain
(1  hh )  0
hz: Poisson’s ratio for horizontal stress on
the complimentary vertical strain
 THE HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
MSc - Tutorial 3 (2018/2019) Advanced Rock Engineering
Topic 3 Change the loading

10. A square reinforced concrete footing 2m x 2m in plan, is to be load to a stress of 15 MPa and
place on a horizontally bedded limestone with 0.1m spacing. The laboratory tests showed the
modulus of rock itself is Er=2.5 GPa,  r=0.19 and the Gr=1.05GPa. The rock showed two
orthogonal joint sets normal to the bedding Fig. Q10. The normal stiffness of rock joint 'Kn' is 5
GPa/m, the shear stiffness of rock joint Ks is 10 GPa/m. Estimate the settlement of this
foundation.
 Elastic settlement influence factors for a complete socketed pier:
(a) Eb/Er= I; (b) Eb/Er = 0.5; (c) Eb,/Er = 2.0 (Rowe and Armitage, 1986)

 : average settlement of socket 
Qt : applied load at the head of the socket, 
Eb/Er, Ep/Er modulus ratios, 
Eb: Young's modulus below the pier. 
Er: Young's modulus of rock mass
Ep : Young's modulus of pier

Eb  110 qu
Eb in MPa
qu  uniaxial compressive strength of rock mass in MPa