Sapropel Formation Kerogen Formation

Sapropel is being buried by

Formation of
younger sediments, which
today’s fossil fuel began increases the pressure (weight) and
approximately 400 million temperature of the sapropel layer.
years ago At about 50°C
Dead plankton sinks to (corresponding to 1-2 km burial)
the ocean floor and gets the sapropel is converted into
kerogen (through anaerobic
deposited.
bacteria and chemical processes).
Plankton sinks to the The sediment layers may be
ocean floor and is mixed with folded as a result of tectonic
fine mud (clay). The movements in the basin.
resulting sediment (plankton, More sediments fall on top,
mud, anaerobic bacteria) is increasing the pressure and
temperature on the kerogen.
now called sapropel. As they became buried ever
Sapropel is being buried deeper, heat and pressure began to
by younger sediments, which rise. The amount of pressure and
increases the degree of heat, along with the
the pressure (weight) and type of biomass, determined if the
material became oil or natural gas.
temperature of the sapropel
More heat produced lighter oil.
layer. Even higher heat or biomass made
predominantly of plant material
produced natural gas.
 Settling

At 80-120°C (corresponding
to 3-5 km burial) the conversion of
kerogen into liquid pertorleum
occurs.
The oil migrates out of the
kerogen
into sandstone reservoir (storage
beds).
Between 120-150°C natural
gas forms and migrates from the
kerogen into the sandstone
reservoir.
In some sedimentary basins
salty water may also migrate into
the sandstone reservoir and
underlie the oil.
An oil or gas field forms
when the liquid or gas moves
through the pores and spaces
of permeable rock and collects
within the pore spaces under
an impermeable trap.
These trapped deposits are
where we find oil and natural gas
today.
Oil and Natural Gas
Oil and Natural Gas
XI-Boyle
XI-Boyle

DELA CRUZ, June

DELA CRUZ, June
MOJICA, Lejan Fernando
MOJICA, Lejan Fernando
NEPUMUCENO, Garlu
NEPUMUCENO, Garlu
ACLAO, Kylla
ACLAO, Kylla
DIAMZON, Francesca
DIAMZON, Francesca
MANLUTAC, Samantha
MANLUTAC, Samantha