Researchers Reveal Previously Unknown Tiny Channels Between Our Skull And Brain | IFLScience 26.10.

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Researchers Reveal POPULAR

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Tiny Channels Between

Our Skull And Brain
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Person's
Sexuality Is
Linked To The
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THE BRAIN

CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY OF THE SKULL OF A LIVING MOUSE SHOWS NEWLY DISCOVERED What TheRUNNING
CHANNELS Hell FROM THE BONE MARRO
INNER SKULL BONE, TO THE OUTER MEMBRANE ON THE SURFACE OF THE BRAIN. SPEEDKINGZ/SHUTTERSTOCK
Is Up With This
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Iceberg?

Neuroscientists have discovered that the type of

white blood cell that serves as a first responder to
What You See
tissue damage can travel directly from the bone
In This Optical
marrow cavities inside our skulls to the outer layer Illusion Can
By
of the membrane surrounding our brains using Reveal How
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never before seen microscopic channels. It was Your Brain
Kovner
previously believed that most of the immune cells Works
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tasked with brain maintenance were produced by 2018,
23:26
reservoirs of spongy marrow inside our arm and
leg bones, and that they could only be delivered to
the meninges by circulating through the
bloodstream.
Neanderthal
"These findings suggest that immune cells may instead be Child May
Have Been
taking a shortcut to rapidly arrive at areas of inflammation,"
Attacked And
said Francesca Bosetti, program director at the NIH's National
Eaten By A
Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), which
Colossal Man-
provided funding for the study, in a statement. "Inflammation Eating Bird
plays a critical role in many brain disorders and it is possible
that the newly described channels may be important in a
number of conditions. The discovery of these channels opens
up many new avenues of research."

In their revelatory paper, published in Nature Neuroscience, Dr These Are

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Researchers Reveal Previously Unknown Tiny Channels Between Our Skull And Brain | IFLScience 26.10.18, 21)48

Nahrendorf and his colleagues from Massachusetts General Stephen

Hospital and Harvard Medical School document how the Hawking's Last
pathway was first revealed through a series of experiments Messages To
with fluorescently tagged neutrophils in mice. After marking Humanity

neutrophils made in the mice’s tibias and skull bones, the

authors inflicted brain damage by inducing a stroke or creating
PROMOTEDby
brain inflammation. Subsequent advanced imaging scans
STORIES
showed that the neutrophils arriving on the scene were more
likely to have come from the skull marrow than that of the
tibia, and that the neutrophil supply within the skull bone was
much more depleted than that of the tibia and other white
blood cell sources.

Interestingly, the team then found that heart tissue injuries

from induced heart attacks resulted in similar responses from
skull and tibia neutrophils. Taken together, the evidence
Du läufst gerne?
suggested that skull bone marrow reacts differently to signals Dein Lauf lässt den
from the injured brain than it does to distress from other parts Wald Energie
Sauber wachsen –
of the body. Yet at this point, they still didn’t understand how
the neutrophils got to the dura matter – the outermost layer of mach mit!
the meninges – so quickly.

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Micro CT image of a mouse skull showing vascular channels (arrows) that carry
neutrophils and other immune cells from the bone marrow to outer membrane of the Sign up today
brain. Gregory Wojtkiewicz/Massachusetts General Hospital to get weekly
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Using confocal microscopy, Nahrendorf’s team was able to coverage direct
analyze the dense bone with high precision, noting with to your inbox
surprise that not only were there tiny vascular channels dotted
throughout but that neutrophils in brain-injured mice were SIGNUP

moving against the normal direction of blood flow to enter the

dura matter. ADVERTISMENT

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Researchers Reveal Previously Unknown Tiny Channels Between Our Skull And Brain | IFLScience 26.10.18, 21)48

An investigation of human skull bone specimens taken from

surgical patients confirmed that these channels also exist in
humans.

Naturally, it will take some time to unravel how the skull

marrow response is regulated, but the data gathered thus far
indicates that an inflammatory molecule called cell-derived
factor-1 may be the trigger.

"While we've still got a lot to learn about these channels, I think
their very special role as conduits for inflammatory cross-talk
between the marrow and the central nervous system is quite
different from any other vasculature," said lead researcher
Dr Mathias Nahrendorf.

He adds that the next step will be to assess how these channels
are involved in human brain conditions including strokes,
hypertension, and dementia. "Another idea is that the channels
could serve as a route of drug delivery, allowing transport to
the meninges of drugs delivered into the skull marrow."

A full-size version of the confocal microscopy image. Dr Fanny Herisson/

Massachusetts General Hospital

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