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SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND BUILDING SCIENCES

CURRICULUM

and

SYLLABI

M.Tech Energy & Environmental Engineering

M.Tech. Energy & Environmental Engineering


Curriculum
University Core
Course Code Course Title L T P C
Professional and Communication Skills (or)
ENG 601 1 0 2 2
Foreign Language
1. MEE 538 Applied Numerical Analysis 3 0 2 4
University Core: Credits: 6
Programme Core
Course Code Course Title L T P C
2. Physicochemical, biological Principles and
CLE 501 3 0 0 3
Processes
3. CLE 502 Environmental Quality Monitoring 3 0 2 4
4. MEE 539 Renewable Energy Technologies 3 0 2 4
5. Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment
CLE 503 3 0 2 4
Systems
6. MEE 540 Energy Audit, Conservation and Management 3 0 0 3
7. CLE 599 Masters Thesis - - - 16
Science, Engineering and Technology Project - I - - - 2
Science, Engineering and Technology Project – II - - - 2
Programme Core: Credits: 38

University Elective
Course Code Course Title L T P C
University Elective 3 0 0 3
Total credits: 3

Programme Electives Total Credits Offered: 27


Course
Title L T P C
Code
Environmental Ecology 3 0 0 3
CLE 519 Solid Waste Management 3 0 0 3
CLE 528 Urban Environmental Quality Management 3 0 0 3
CLE 538 Environmental Geo-technology 3 0 0 3
CLE 534 Energy, Environment and Climate Change 3 0 0 3
Environmental Economics and Management 3 0 0 3
CLE 521 Environmental Impact Assessment 3 0 0 3
CLE 522 Advanced Wastewater Treatment 3 0 0 3
CLE 540 Environmental Hydrology 3 0 0 3
CLE 523 Mathematical Modeling in Environmental Engineering 3 0 0 3
CLE 536 Quantitative Methods in Environmental Engineering 2 1 0 3
CLE 524 Remote Sensing and GIS Applications 3 0 0 3
CLE 535 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management 3 0 0 3
Course
Title L T P C
Code
CLE 525 Industrial Waste Management and Disposal 3 0 0 3
CLE 529 Atmospheric Processes and Climate Change 3 0 0 3
CLE 520 Air Pollution and Its Control 3 0 0 3
CLE 533 Application of Bio‐technology in Environmental Engineering 3 0 0 3
MEE 541 Bio‐Energy Technologies 3 0 0 3
CLE 530 Alternative Fuels 3 0 0 3
MEE 584 Wind Energy Technology 3 0 0 3
MEE 562 Small Hydro Power Systems 3 0 0 3
MEE 542 Hydrogen and Fuel Cells 3 0 0 3
MEE 626 Nuclear Power Engineering 3 0 0 3
Electrical Energy Management 3 0 0 3
MEE 628 Energy in Built Environment 3 0 0 3
Project Development and Evaluation 3 0 0 3
Design of Thermal Systems 3 0 0 3
Energy Systems Modeling and Analysis 3 0 0 3
MEE 631 Fuels and Combustion 3 0 0 3
MEE 543 Computational Fluid Dynamics 3 0 0 3
MEE 563 Advanced Heat transfer 3 0 0 3
CLE 531 Solar Energy Technologies 3 0 0 3
Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer and Fluid flow 3 0 0 3
MEE 632 Measurements and Measuring Instruments 3 0 0 3
MEE 544 Power Plant Engineering 3 0 0 3
CLE 532 Environmental Geomatics 3 0 0 3
CLE 541 Hazardous Waste Management 3 0 0 3
Environmental Legislation and Policies 3 0 0 3

Credit Summary
Minimum Qualifying credits 73

Total credits Offered (UC+UE+PC+PE) 74


UC 6
UE 3
PC 38
PE Needed 27
UC–University Core UE–University Elective
PC–Programme Core PE–Programme Elective
PHYSICOCHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES
CLE 501 L T P C
AND PROCESSES
3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics, chemistry and mathematics


Objectives
1. To study about the solid- liquid- gas interactions
2. To understand about process kinetics
3. To deal with the microbial applications in environmental engineering

Outcomes
At the end of the course, the student will be able to
1. understand the mass transfer and transport of impurities in system
2. apply the concepts of oxidation- reduction equilibra
3. study and applying practically about microbial kinetics

Contents
• Fundamentals of water chemistry and its forms
• Chemical reactions and kinetics
• Ecosystems and changes
• Biological components and cells
• Microbiological principles and degradation processes

Unit I:
Structure and Properties of Water- their significance in environmental engineering, Sources of
Water impurities, Abiotic reactions, Biological metabolism. Solid-Liquid-Gas interactions, Mass
transfer and transport of impurities in water, diffusion, dispersion. Physical and Chemical
interactions due to various forces, suspensions and dispersions.

Unit II:
Chemical reactions, Chemical equilibrium and thermodynamics, Acid-base equilibria, solubility
equilibria, oxidation-reduction equilibria. Process kinetics, reaction rates and catalysis, surface
and colloidal chemistry, Adsorption. Settling of particles in water stabilization.

Unit III:
Ecosystems; biotic and abiotic components, biogeochemical cycles, ecology of population;
Ecological niche, Mortality and survivorship, Community Interactions. typical natural and
artificial ecosystems.

Unit IV:
Biochemistry; Biological compounds– enzymes, coenzymes and amino acids, Microbiological
concepts; Cells, classification and characteristics of living organisms, Characterization
techniques, Reproduction, Metabolism, Microbial growth kinetics.

Unit V:
Applications of Microbiological principles to environmental engineering; assimilation of wastes,
engineered systems, Concepts and Principles of carbon oxidation, Nitrification, Denitrification,
Methanogenasis, etc., Concepts of quantization of degradable pollutants.

Text book

1. Benefield, L.D. Judkins J.F. and Weand B.L. (1982). Process Chemistry for Water and
Wastewater Treatment, End ed., Prentice-Hall, Inc, New Jersey, USA
2. Metcalf and Eddy, M.C., “Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal and Reuse”,
Tata McGraw-Hill Publications, New Delhi, 2003

Reference Books:
1. Benefield L.D. and Randall, C.W. (1980). Biological process design for wastewater
treatment. Prentice-Hall. N.J.
2. Pelczar, M.J., Chan ECS and Krieg NR, Microbiology, Tata McGraw Hill Edition, New
Delhi, India.
3. Talaro K., Talaro A Cassida Pelzar and Reid, (1993) Foundations in Microbiology, W.C.
Brown Publishers.
4. Sawyer, McCarty, and Parkin, 2003.Chemistry for Environmental Engineers, 5th”
McGraw Hill,

Mode of Evaluation : Assignments, Seminars, Written Examination


CLE 502 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MONITORING L T P C
3 0 2 4

Course Prerequisites : Nil

Objectives
1. To provide an overall understanding of the environment.
2. To provide an standard methodologies for sampling and analysis of environment at whole
and its constituents like water, wastewater, air and soil

Outcome
At the end of the course, the student will be able to
1. understand the environment and its constituent functioning
2. analyze the physicochemical and microbial qualities of water and wastewater
3. know the sampling and analysis of air and soil

Contents
• Fundamentals of Chemistry for Environmental Engineering
• Water and Waste Water analysis
• Water and Waste Water Microbiology
• Sampling and analysis of Air Pollutants and soil
• Environmental Impact Assessment

Unit – I

General Sampling and Analytical Techniques: General principles for collection of


representative sample, frequency of sampling, validation, interpretation and analysis of data,
various statistical techniques, quality control, assessment and management.

Unit – II
Methods for Physicochemical Analysis of Water/ Wastewater: Gravimetric methods for
solids analysis in water and wastewater, determination of acidity, alkalinity and turbidity,
analysis of common cations and anions in water/wastewater through various chemical
techniqu8es, determination of nitrogen, phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand (COD), acid-
base titrations, precipitation titrations, complexometric titrations, oxidation-reduction titrations,
working principles of electrodes, different types of electrodes.

Unit – III
Biological Methods and Microbiology: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), MPN test for
microbial pollution, plate counts; confirmatory tests for various microbiological agents.

Unit – IV
Air Pollution Measurements: Sampling techniques for air pollution measurements; analysis
of particulates and common chemical air pollutants, analysis of oxides of nitrogen, oxides of
sulphur, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and poly aromatic hydro carbons.

Unit – V
Advanced Analytical Methods: Working principles of Spectrophotometric methods;
Nephelometric methods; Atomic absorption spectroscopy and its various analytical versions;
Ion chromatography, High performance liquid chromatography, CHNO/S Analyzer, TOC
analyzer and other advanced analytical instruments.

Text book
1. Stanley E. Manahan (2005), Environmental Chemistry, 8th Edition, CRC Press.
2. Clair N Sawyer, Perry L. McCarty and Gene F. Parkin (2002), Chemistry for
Environmental Engineering and Science, McGraw-Hill Science.

Reference Books
1. Duncan Mara and Nigel Horan (2003), Handbook of Water and Wasterwater
Microbiology, Academic Press, London.
2. Maier, R.M., I.L. Pepper and C.P. Gerba, “Environmental Microbiology”, Academic
Press, New York, 1999.
3. S.E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, Sixth Edition, Lewis Publishers, New York,
1994.

Mode of Evaluation
Assignments / Laboratory / Seminars / Written examination.
MEE 539 RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES L T P C
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ANALYSIS - LABORATORY

Objectives
1. To introduce basic qualitative and quantitative methodologies and instrumentation for
environmental sample analyses.
2. To learn analytical methods and their limitations in environmental analysis.

Outcome
At the end of the course, the students will be able to
1. understand the significance of key environmental quality parameters, which will allow
them to communicate with other professionals
2. perform basic laboratory analyses and obtain qualitative parameters following standard
procedures
3. illustrate the application of engineering fundamentals to environmental engineering
characterization and its control
4. introduction to relevant advanced analytical, instrumentation and respective techniques.

Experiments
1. Determination of pH and drawing pH-mV relation
2. Determination of EC and turbidity
3. Determination of oil and grease
4. Determination of hardness and alkalinity
5. Determination of Chlorides and Sulfates
6. Determination of available chlorine in bleaching powder and residual Chlorine
7. Determination of suspended, settleable, volatile and fixed solids
8. Determination of optimum dosages of various coagulants
9. Determination of dissolved Oxygen and BOD
10. Determination of COD from given sample
11. Determination of TSPM, RSPM and PM10
12. Determination of SOx and NOx in ambinet air
13. Physical analysis of various soil samples
14. Chemical analysis of various soil samples
15. Determination of MPN Index

Reference Books
1. APHA, AWWA and WPCF (2001), Standard Methods for Examination of Water and
Wastewater.
2. ICAR Handbook for Soil Analysis, Indian Council for Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
3. K.V.S.G. Muralikrishna (1997), Chemical Analysis of Water and Soil - A Laboratory
Manual, Environmental Protection Society, National Institute of Ecology and Environment,
Kakinada, India.

Mode of Evaluation : Oral examination/ Record/Experiments

Version Number : 2.0 Course Prerequisites : None


3 0 2 4

Objectives
To expose the student to solar thermal, solar photovoltaic, biomass, wind, small hydro and other
renewable energy resources, conversion technologies, processes, systems and devices, and equip
the student to take up projects in those areas.
Outcome
At the end of the course, the student will be able to
1. explain the basic principles of various renewable energy conversion processes and
devices used therein.
2. identify various parameters that influence the performance of devices/processes.
3. undertake field projects in these areas.

Contents
• Solar Thermal Energy Conversion
• Solar Photovoltaics
• Biomass Energy Conversion Technologies
• Wind and Small Hydro Power
• Other Renewable Energy Sources and Fuel Cells

Unit – I
Introduction to energy and resources – Renewable energy sources - Avialabiality of solar energy
– Sun-earth relationships - Estimation of solar radiation using Page-Angstrom method - Solar
radiation measurement – Flat plate collectors – Solar water heating systems – Evacuvated
Tubular Concentrators - Solar air heating systems and applications – Concepts on solar drying,
cooking, desalination, solar ponds and solar cooling - Passive heating and cooling of buildings –
Basics of solar concentrators and types Solar thermal power generation.
Unit – II
Physics of solar cells – Cell types and manufacture – PV applications - Characteristics of cells
and module
– Performance parameters - Estimation of module power output – PV system configurations –
System components: Battery, charge controller and inverter.
Unit – III
Biomass to energy conversion processes – Anaerobic digestion, process parameters, biogas
composition, digester types, high rate anaerobic conversion systems – Alcohol from biomass –
Biodiesel: preparation, characteristics and application - Biomass combustion and power
generation – Briquetting – Gasification: Process, types of gasifiers, applications – Waste to
energy technologies.
Unit – IV
Power in the wind - Types of wind mills – WEG components - Airfoils: lift and drag – Power
curves and energy estimation - Micro siting – Indian wind potential. Small Hydro Power: Types,
site identification, head and flow measurement, discharge curve, estimation of power potential
and system components.
Unit – V Technologies for harnessing other renewable energy sources like geothermal, wave,
tidal and ocean thermal energy
Text Books
1. Frank Kreith and D.Yogi Goswami (2007), Handbook of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, CRC Press.
2. John Twidell and Tony Weir (2006), Renewable Energy Resources, 2nd Edition, Taylor
& Francis, USA.

Reference Books
1. John A. Duffie and William A. Beckman (2006), Solar Engineering of Thermal Process,
3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons.
2. Gilbert M. Masters (2004), Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems, Wiley
Interscience.
3. Caye M. Drapcho, Nghiem Phu Nhuan and Terry H. Walker (2008), Biofuels
Engineering, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. www.windpower.dk
4. European Commission (2001), Guidebook on the RES Power Generation Technologies.

Mode of Evaluation: Assignments / Seminars / Written examination


RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
• LABORATORY

Course : None
Prerequisites
Objectives

1. To demonstrate the working principle behind various solar energy conversion units
2. To enable students test and evaluate different renewable energy systems
3. To equip students for careers in the academia and industry

Outcome
Upon completion of this course the student shall be able to
1. troubleshoot existing solar thermal devices and offer energy efficient solutions
2. develop new products and modify the existing products for higher efficiencies

Experiments
1. Determination of thermal efficiency of a solar flat plate collector
2. Thermal testing of a box type and paraboloid solar cooker
3. Performance test on a solar photovoltaic panel
4. Performance evaluation of PV powered solar water pump
5. Thermal analysis of parabolic and evacuated tube solar collectors
6. Performance evaluation of solar stills
7. Performance test on solar driers and solar air heaters
8. Performance analysis of a 10 kWe solar dish Stirling engine system
9. Solar energy measurement: albedo, transmissivity flux
10. Performance of a dual fuel engine run by producer gas
11. Construction and functioning of a biogas plant
12. Study of a wind pump

Reference
Renewable Energy Laboratory Lab Manual (Prepared by VIT Staff)
Mode of Evaluation
Experiments / Record work / Oral / Practical Examination
DESIGN OF WATER AND WASTEWATER
CLE 503 L T P C
TREATMENT SYSTEMS
3 0 2 4

Course Prerequisites : Basic chemistry and mathematics


Objectives
To expose the student to various technologies in water treatment in order to make water safe to
drink and also various treatment options available in treatment of waste water for recyle and safe
disposal.
Outcome
At the end of the course, the student will be able to
1. understand various unit operations involved in water treatment and design various water
treatment units required.
2. Design waste water treatment units for desire treatment.

Contents
• Characteristics of water, Unit operations in water treatment
• Water treatment processes and design of water treatment plant
• Waste water quality and collection
• Disposal options of waste water and primary treatment
• Secondary treatment and design of waste water treatment plant

Unit I:
Definitions and Concepts: Water sources, Philosophy of water treatment, Review of water
quality characteristics and potable water standards, Estimation of water quantity, Theory and
design of Conventional Unit Operations used in Water Treatment: Screening, Sedimentation,
Floatation, coagulation, flocculation, filtration, softening and disinfection processes.
Unit II:
Theory and Design of Advanced Unit Operations used in Water Treatment: Membrane
processes, Ion Exchange, Aeration/stripping, Precipitation, Adsorption, Oxidation-reduction and
advanced oxidation processes; Water Treatment Plant Design; Selection of raw water source,
Planning and siting of water treatment plant, Chemical requirement and residuals management.
Unit III:
Definition and Concepts; Philosophy of wastewater Treatment, Review of Wastewater quality
parameters and discharge standards for aquatic and land disposal, Estimation of wastewater
quantity; Wastewater Collection; Design of sewers and sewerage systems;
Unit IV:
Wastewater Disposal; disposal to inland waters such as lakes reservoirs, rivers and streams,
disposal to sea, disposal on Land.
Wastewater treatment; Preliminary treatment, Bar-rack, Screens, Grit chamber, Equalization
tank, Primary sedimentation.
Unit V:
Secondary treatments: Aerobic processes, Anaerobic processes. Tertiary treatment, Nutrient
removal, Residual management, Design; Planning and siting of Wastewater treatment plant,
Chemical requirements and material balance.
Reference Books:
1. Benefield, L.D. Judkins J.F. and Weand B.L. (1982). Process Chemistry for Water and
2. Wastewater Treatment, End ed., Prentice-Hall, Inc, New Jersey, USA
3. Benefield L.D. and Randall, C.W. (1980). Biological process design for wastewater
treatment. Prentice-Hall.
4. N.J. Pelczar, M.J., Chan ECS and Krieg NR, Microbiology, Tata McGraw Hill Edition,
New Delhi, India.
5. Talaro K., Talaro A Cassida Pelzar and Reid, (1993) Foundations in Microbiology, W.C.
Brown Publishers.
6. Metcalf and Eddy, M.C., “Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal and Reuse”,
TataMcGraw-Hill Publications, New Delhi, 2003
7. Sawyer, McCarty, and Parkin, 2003.Chemistry for Environmental Engineers, 5th”
McGraw Hill,

Mode of Evaluation : Assignments, Seminars, Written Examination


ENERGY AUDIT, CONSERVATION AND
MEE 540 L T P C
MANAGEMENT
3 0 0 3
Course Prerequisites : Basic physics, electrical Engg. and mathematics
Objectives
1. To make students understand basic energy conversion, conservation and management
principles
2. To enable students identify sources of energy loss and target savings
3. To make students understand design of waste heat recovery systems, efficient power
cycles and power generation systems
4. To enable students in carrying out life cycle cost analysis and budgeting

Outcome
Upon completion of this course the student shall be able to
1. design and develop energy efficient, building, heating & lighting systems
2. conduct energy audits and formulate & implement energy conservation strategies
3. Reduce energy & fuel consumption and wastage in existing facilities through effective
metering, cost allocation and cost analysis

Contents
• Necessity for Energy Audit and Management
• Process Integration
• Energy Analysis, Assessment, Monitoring and conservation
• Energy Management and Monitoring & Targeting
• Energy Audits and Energy Modeling

Unit - I
An overview of energy consumption and its effects – Reasons to save energy (financial and
environmental) – Fuels and combustion – Boilers (classification, types, working principle of
important types) – Furnaces – Insulation & Refractories

Unit -II
Steam systems – Pinch technology – Basics of pinch technology – Cogeneration – Concept of
trigeneration – Waste heat recovery

Unit -III
Electrical systems – Electric motors – Fans & blowers – Compressed air systems – Refrigeration
and air conditioning systems - Pumps & pumping systems – Lighting systems – Energy efficient
technologies in electrical systems

Unit - IV
Financial techniques for assessing energy conservation measures – Fixed and variable cost –
Interest charges – Simple payback period – Net Present Value - Discounted cash flow method -
Lifecycle analysis. Definition & objective of Energy management – Energy Audit – Types &
Methodology– Energy audit report format

Unit - V
Understanding Energy Costs – Benchmarking and Energy Performance – Fuel and Energy
Substitution – Material Balances – Energy Balances – Instruments – Organizational background
desired for energy management – Case studies of energy audit in different industries.

Text Books
1. Course Material for Energy Audit and Managers Exam (2005),
(www.energymanagertraining.com), Vol. 1-4.

Reference Books
1. T.D. Eastop and D.R. Croft (1996), Energy Efficiency for Engineers and Technologists,
Longman Harlow.
2. Charles M. Gottschalk (1996), Industrial Energy Conservation, John Wiley & Sons.
3. Paul W. O’Callaghan (1988), Design and Management for Energy Conservation,
Pergamon Press, London.
4. Frank Krieth and Ronald E. West (1983), Handbook of Industrial Energy Conservation,
von Nostrand Reinhold Company.
5. Attilio Bisio and Sharon Boots (1995), Encyclopedia of Energy Technology and the
Environment, Volumes 1–4, Wiley-Interscience Publication, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
6. Paul W. O’Callaghan (1993), Energy Management, McGraw-Hill Book Co. Ltd.

Mode of Evaluation
Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination
ENVIRONMENTAL ECOLOGY L T P C
3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Nil

Aims & Objectives


The main aim is to establish Ecology's credibility in high environmental, ethical and quality
standards of goods and services. Access the market opportunity presented by the 'green market'.
Raise consumer awareness and concern for environmental issues, and encourage their support for
ecological values in consumer practices. Also to develop a fair and equitable means to link
economic and environmental values, through the development of mutually beneficial
relationships with all segments of the community.

Expected Outcome
By the end of the course the students should be able to
• Develop a legal and economic structures, which are able to provide reasonable return on
investment, be it financial, or personal effort, dividends, wages and so forth.
• Develop ecologically sustainable production and industry through developing the
potential of all fibres.
• Develop environmentally and socially friendly alternatives to many of the deleterious
practices, processes and products currently in use.

Contents :
• Fundamentals of ecology and biochemical cycles
• Biological diversity and pollutant interaction
• Ecosystems and various pollutions
• Community ecology and environmental systems
• Ecological principles and biomonitoring

Concepts of Ecology & Principles


Fundamentals of ecology, Natural ecosystems and their food chains, food webs, bioenergetics,
biochemical cycles and ecological succession. Ecological engineering principles
Bio Diversity
Biological diversity and its importance, reduction in biological diversity by human activities,
classes and general effects of physical and Biological interaction with pollutants, lethal and sub-
lethal effects.
Ecosystem Responses
Ecosystems responses to deoxygeneation nutrient enrichment, pesticides, hydrocarbons, metal
and salts, thermal pollution, suspended solids and silt.
Community Ecology
Principles of population and community ecology – concepts of systems and models – building
and analysis of models – environmental systems, structures and interaction between coastal
aeolian, glacial, fluvial, weathering, soil and detrital systems.

Integration Ecological Principles


Integration of classical, agro and restoration ecological principles and methods, Biomonitoring
and its role in the evaluation of aquatic ecosystem, rehabilitation of ecosystem Introductory
Model’s of ecosystems
.
Reference Books
1. Odum. E. P, “Fundamentals of ecology”, W.B. Sanders, Philadelphia, 2002.
2. White. I.D., Mottershead. D.N., Harrison .S.J, “Environmental Systems – an introductory
text”, Chapman and ahll , London,1998.
3. Colinvaux.P., “Introduction to Ecology”, John Wiley & sons, Newyork, 1973.

Mode of Evaluation : Written Examination/ Assignment/ Seminar


CLE 519 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT L T P C
3 0 0 3
Ver
sion Number :

Course Prerequisites :
There are no formal prerequisites for this course, although a basic knowledge of
chemistry is helpful. Knowledge of basic environmental laws is beneficial but not
required.

Course Objectives
• Gain insight into the collection, transfer, and transport of municipal solid waste.
• Understand the design and operation of a municipal solid waste landfill.
• Understand the design and operation of a resource recovery facility.
• Understand the design and operation of a waste-to-energy facility.

Contents
• Sources, Types, Composition, and Properties of Solid Waste
• Separation and Processing of Solid Waste
• Recycling of Materials Found in Municipal Solid Waste
• Landfill Method of Solid Waste Disposal
• Remedial Actions at Closed, Inactive, or Abandoned Waste Disposal Sites

Municipal Solid Waste Management:


Legal and Organizational foundation: Definition of solid waste – waste generation– major
legislation, monitoring responsibilities, sources and types of solid waste – sampling and
characterization – Determination of composition of MSW – storage and handling of solid waste
– Future changes in waste composition.
Collection and Transport of Solid Waste:
Waste collection systems, analysis of collection system – alternative techniques for collection
system. Need for transfer operation, transport means and methods, transfer station types and
design requirements.
Process of Solid Waste and Energy recovery:
Unit operations for separation and processing, Materials Recovery facilities, Waste
transformation through combustion and aerobic composting, anaerobic methods for materials
recovery and treatment – Energy recovery – Incinerators
Disposal of Solid wastes Land farming, deep well injections. Landfills: Design and operation
including: site selection, Geoenvironmental investigations , engineered sites, liners and covers,
leachate control and treatment, gas recovery and control, including utilization of recovered gas
(energy), and landfill monitoring and reclamation, , Requirements and technical solution,
designated waste landfill remediation – Integrated waste management facilities.TCLP tests and
leachate studies. Economics of the on-site v/s off site waste management options. Natural
attenuation process and its mechanisms.

Household Hazardous Waste Management:


Design practices of solid wastes. Definition and identification of hazardous wastes-sources and
characteristics – hazardous wastes in Municipal Waste – Hazardous waster regulations –
minimization of Hazardous Waste-compatibility, handling and storage of hazardous waste-
collection and transport. Regulatory requirements for identification, characterization and disposal
of hazardous, nonhazardous and domestic wastes.

References:
• Handbook of Solid Waste Management by Frank Kreith , George Tchobanoglous ,
McGraw Hill Publication
• Bagchi, A., Design, Construction, and Monitoring of Landfills, (2nd Ed). Wiley
Interscience, 1994. ISBN: 0-471-30681-9.
• Sharma, H.D., and Lewis, S.P., Waste Containment Systems, Waste Stabilization, and
Landfills: Design and Evaluation. Wiley Interscience, 1994. ISBN: 0471575364.
• George Techobanoglous et al, " Integrated Solid Waste Management ",
McGraw- Hill Publication, 1993.

• Charles A. Wentz; " Hazardous Waste Management ", McGraw-Hill Publication, 1995.

Mode of Evaluation : Written Examination/ Assignment/ Seminar


CLE528 URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT L T P C
3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Nil

Aims & Objectives


There is currently an inability to fully integrate the various disciplines of science and engineering
into Urban Environmental Quality Management strategies. We aim to develop a suite of models
for estimating the pollutant loads from different source areas, defining their impacts and
predicting the performance of Management practices.
Expected Outcome
By the end of the course the student will have knowledge of the following topics:
• have a knowledge of the nature and effects of environmental pollutants and energies
• have a detailed knowledge of the techniques involved in the efficient management of the
environment
• be able to measure and assess the effects of noise, air, water, terrestrial pollution and
noise pollution on human activity and health
• have an awareness of the need for integrated pollution control
• have the skills to plan and to execute monitoring programmes for the detection and
control of environmental pollutants, including water, air and noise terrestrial pollution

Contents :
• Urbanization and environmental pollution
• Urban environment and air pollution
• Water and land pollution in urban environment
• Urban environmental quality and noise pollution
• Disaster management in urban context

Urbanisation & Pollution


Consequences of urbanization, demand of resources by the public - Sources of Pollution to the
urban environment: Status of pollution levels in major cities- Slum formation: Impact of slum on
general quality of life on Urban elite – status of slum settlements in major cities.

Air & Noise Pollution in Urban Environment


Air Pollution Sources: Nature of air pollution in the Urban environment due to human activities
of industrialization, effect of air pollution on Urban Environment. Air pollution Indices for
Assessment of status of Urban air quality. - Sources of noise pollution in Urban areas, effect of
noise pollution on Urban environment, status of noise pollution in major cities.

Water and Land pollution in Urban Environment


Water Demands and Pollution in Urban areas: Nature of water pollutants and assimilative
capacity of natural Urban aquatic systems. Urban water quality indices - Sources of land
pollution in urban areas: Impact of urban soil pollution on quality of living system – prediction
of soil pollution indices.

Management of Urban Environment Quality


Land use planning – traffic management. Safe municipal water supply and planning of safe
municipal water supply and drainage system – solid waste management including disposal –
abatement of noise pollution – Provision of zones – regulation of settlements.

Conservation and Disaster Management


Natural Conservation: Planning of urbanization on ecological basis, preservation and
development of green recovery areas. - Urban Disaster Management: Management of Industrial
explosions, land slides, earthquakes, Floods and Management of epidemics.

Reference Books
1. Varshney, C.K., “Water Pollution and Management”, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, 1998.
2. Plowden, S., “The Cost of Noise”, London, Metra, 1996.
3. Fallion, A.B. & E. Simon, “The Urban Pattern”, Van Nistrand, New York.
4. M.J. Suess & S.R. Craxford, “Manual on Urban Air Quality”, WHO, Copenhagen.

Mode of Evaluation : Written Examination/ Assignment/ Seminar


CLE538 ENVIRONMENTAL GEOTECHNOLOGY L T P C
3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites :

Aims & Objectives


This course mainly aims to provide the students with exposure to the Geotechnical nature of
Environmental problems. Other secondary aims are to
• impart knowledge in the selection of sites for waste disposal using current
methodologies.
• Understand transport phenomena in saturated and partially saturated porous media of the
contaminant.
• Obtain knowledge on ground modification techniques in waste remedial measures for
contaminated zones.

Expected Outcome
To introduce on
• To show the application of principles of Geotechnical engineering to design of waste
disposal facilities.
• To familiarize the use of different linear materials for protecting the ground and
groundwater from leachates.
• To expose the student to various ways of soil contamination and their effect on soil
properties.
• Also to familiarize him with methods of redemption of soil contamination.

Contents :
• Environmental cycles and geotechnical problems
• Site selection for disposal of waste and geomembrane applications
• Pollutant transport through soil
• Solid and hazardous waste disposal and remediation
• Ground modification and bio remediation

Introduction to Environmental Geotechniques


Environmental cycles and their interaction, Soil water environment interaction relating to
geotechnical problems, Effect of population on soil, water behaviour, source, production and
classification of wastes- environmental considerations in India.

Selection of Sites
Criteria for selection of sites for wastes disposal current methodologies for waster disposal, Sub
surface disposal techniques, Passive contaminant Systems, Leachate contamination, application
of geomembranes and other techniques in solid and liquid waste disposal, Rapid or flexible
membrane liners.

Transport Phenomena
Transport phenomena in saturated and partially saturated porous media – contaminant migration
and contaminant hydrology, Hydrological design for ground water pollution control, Ground
water pollution downstream of land fills- bearing capacity of compacted fills, foundation for
waste fill ground – pollution of aquifers by mining and liquid wastes – protection of acquifers.

Remediation of Hazardous Waste


Hazardous waste control and storage system – stabilization / solidification of waste, Monitoring
and performance of waste facilities – Environmentally safe disposal of solid and Dynamic
response of soil under environmental stress, case studies.

Ground Modification Techniques


Ground modification techniques in waste remedial measures for contaminated grounds,
remediation technology, Bio-remediation.

Reference Books
1. Wentz, C.A., “Hazardous Waste Management”, McGraw Hill, Singapore, 1995.
2. Daniel,D.E., “Geotechnical practice for waste disposal”, Chapman and Hall,London,
1993.
3. Proceedings lof the International symposium of Environmental Geotechnology (Vol. I
and II), Envo, Publishing Company, 1986 and 1989.
4. Ott, W.R., “Environmental Indices”, Theory and Practice, Ann, Arbor, 2003.
5. Friend, J.J., “Ground Water Pollution”, Elsevier, 1975.
6. ASTM Special Technical Publication 874, hydraulic Barriers in Soil and Rock, 1985.

Mode of Evaluation : Written Examination/ Assignment/ Seminar


CLE534 ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE L T P C
3 0 0 3
Co
urse Prerequisites : None

Objectives
To enable a comprehensive understanding of:
1. The Earth’s Energy Budget, Environment and the processes leading to climate change.
2. The inter-relatedness of the Terrestrial Energy-Environment-Climate System
3. The perturbing effects of anthropogenic activities on this system
4. A meaningful climate change quantification, and thence the means of ameliorating
adverse climate change impacts

Outcomes
Clearly, the outcomes directly relate to the objectives, and upon completion of the course, the
students shall be able to:
1. Acquire a basic understanding of the terrestrial eco-system comprising of 3 principal
components : Energy, Environment and Climate Change
2. Comprehend a global picture of the inter-relatedness of the Energy-Environment-Climate
system
3. Assess as qualified professionals, the perturbing effects of human activities on the earth’s
climate
4. Acquire the necessary skills to predict emerging climate change trends globally as well as
within the Indian Subcontinent
5. Acquire the requisite professional skills to undertake policy decisions on the use and
efficient management of the Earth’s resources, vis-à-vis the possible environmental
impacts on a local, regional and global scale. Finally, the students shall be suitably
equipped to advise or implement policies at the decision-making level on the use and
appropriateness of extant technologies that can arrest adverse climatic impacts.

Contents
• History and Evolution of the Earth’s Atmosphere
• Introduction to the Climate System: Climate from the point of view of Energy
Budgets
• Climate’s natural variability and major perturbations
• Human Impacts on Climate
• Green House Gas Theory
• Aerosol and Cloud effects
• Climatic Effects vis-à-vis energy supply and demand
• International Forums to address climate change : Kyoto and Montreal Protocol
th
• IPCC 2007 : The 4 Assessment Report
• Stern Report 2007
• The role of developing countries and the Indian Context.

Unit I Over review


Overview on the Earth’s energy requirement vis-à-vis Climate Change. Origins of the terrestrial
atmosphere. Earth’s early atmosphere. Introduction to Climate. Layers of the atmosphere.
Composition of the present day atmosphere. Introduction to Atmospheric chemistry, Green
House Gases, and the O3 depletion problem. Post Industrial Revolution Scenario.

Unit II Energy Balance


Energy Balance: Earth –Atmosphere System. Solar and Terrestrial Radiation. Absorption of
Radiation by gases. Energy balance. Solar variability and the Earth’s Energy Balance.

Unit III Atmospheric chemistry


Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate: The Global Temperature Record. Possible effects of
Global Warming
– Indian Context. Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Change. Atmospheric Aerosol and Cloud
Effects on Climate.

Unit IV Environmental Variability


Environmental Variability: Natural (volcanoes, forest fires) and Anthropogenic (Antarctic Ozone
Hole, Global Warming). Green House Gas theory. Effects of urbanization, Landscape changes,
Influence of Irrigation, Desertification and Deforestation.

Unit V International Forums


Safeguarding Future Climate. The role of International Bodies. Kyoto and Montreal Protocol.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007). The Stern Report. Carbon Credits.
Indian Context .Alternative Energy Sources: Solar, Wind, Hydro Power and Nuclear Energy.
Predicting Future Climate Change : Global Climate Models.

Text Books
Climate and Energy Systems. A review of their interactions. Jill Jaeger. John Wiley. 1983
Energy, Environment and Climate Change by Richard Wolfson, 2008, New York, N.W.
Norton.

References:
Human Impacts on Weather and Climate. W.R. Cotton and R.A. Pielke. Cambridge University
Press. 1995
Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology. B. Stull. John Wiley 1988.
Policy interventions to promote energy efficient and environmentally sound technologies in SMI.
Asian
Institute of Technology. 2002
Plus, Journal Articles from J. Geophys. Res., Climate Change, Geophysical Res. Letts. Etc.
Mode of Evaluation : Assignments, Seminars, Written Examination
ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites:
Objectives
To make the student investigating the causes, consequences and possible solutions to problems
associated with degradation of environmental resources and analyse the potential non-
sustainability of certain types of economic activities using economic analysis as a tool.
Outcome
At the end of the course, the student will be able to explain
1. the economic significance and the economic causes of environmental degradation,
including loss of biodiversity
2. the extent to which market based mechanisms might provide a solution to the
environmental degradation problem in the absence of overt intervention
3. the economic implications of alternative ‘intervention’ approaches to pollution
management, including the use of charges, subsidies and marketable permits.
4. Alterative methods for valuing environmental resources and environmental damage
5. the economic consequences of policy instrument for biodiversity conservation.

Contents
• Sustainable Development
• Economics of Degradation and Failure
• Economics of Pollution
• Cost-Benefit Analysis
• Economics of Biodiversity

Unit – I Sustainable Development


Introduction to sustainable development - Economy-Environment inter-linkages - Meaning of
sustainable development - Limits to growth and the environmental Kuznets curve - The
sustainability debate - Issues of energy and the economics of energy – Non-renewable energy,
scarcity, optimal resources, backstop technology, property research, externalities, and the
conversion of uncertainty.
Unit – II Environmental Degradation
Economic significance and causes of environmental degradation - The concepts of policy failure,
externality and market failure - Economic analysis of environmental degradation - Equi-marginal
principle.
Unit – III Economics of Pollution
Economics of Pollution - Economics of optimal pollution, regulation, monitoring and
enforcement - Managing pollution using existing markets: Bargaining solutions - Managing
pollution through market intervention: Taxes, subsidies and permits.

Unit – IV Cost – Benefit Analysis


Economic value of environmental resources and environmental damage - Concept of Total
Economic Value - Alternative approaches to valuation – Cost-benefit analysis and discounting.

Unit – V Economics of biodiversity


Economics of biodiversity conservation - Valuing individual species and diversity of species -
Policy responses at national and international levels. Economics of Climate Change – stren
Report

Reference Books
1. D.W. Pearce, A. Markandya and E.B. Barbier (1989), Blueprint for a Green Economy,
Earthscan, London.
2. R.K. Turner, D.W. Pearce and I. Bateman (1994), Environmental Economics: An
Elementary Introduction, Harvester Wheatsheaft, London.
3. D.W. Pearce and R.K. Turner (1990), Economics of Natural Resources and the
Environment, Harvester Wheatsheaf, London.
4. Michael S. Common and Michael Stuart (1996), Environmental and Resource
nd
Economics: An Introduction, 2 Edition, Harlow: Longman.
Roger Perman, Michael Common, Yue Ma and James McGilvray (2003), Natural
rd
Resource and Environmental Economics, 3 Edition, Pearson Education.
5. N. Hanley, J. Shogren and B. White (2001), An Introduction to Environmental
Economics, Oxford University Press.
Mode of Evaluation : Assignments / Seminars / Written examination
CLE 521 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT L T P C
3 0 0 3
Version Number

Course Prerequisites : None


Objectives:
1. To understand the environmental concept and processes by which normative rules are
adopted and to introduce the relevant policies and legal systems related to environmental
management systems (EMS) including their strengths and weaknesses.
2. To develop an understanding the application of EIA procedures during pre, post-
appraisals and long-term mitigation to promote ecosustainable developments.
3. To inculcate the effective use of EMS and implementation of recently developed
management concepts and strategies like environmental auditing, waste auditing, life cycle
assessment (LCA), and introduction to ISO 14000 series
4. To improve technical writing skills so that students may be to create a basic
environmental assessment report.
5. To learn the integrative approaches for environmental management systems (EIA, EA,
LCA) for cleaner production and sustainable development

Outcome: Students will be able to


1. Explain the philosophy and art of environmental management systems
2. Apply the mechanics of EIA for Project Appraisal, Decision making and Implementation
3. Work as a professional member of a team conducting environmental assessments and
auditing, and LCA.

Contents :
• National and international trends and environmental polices
• Rules and regulations and environmental standards
• Environmental audit-planning and processing
• Environmental impacts – prediction and assessment

History of development and multidimensional environmental issues, Intervention of human


society in ecosystem and biosphere; Aggravation of environmental issues; Environmental
attributes; Concept of Ecological imbalances, carrying capacity, enviroeconomics aspects and
sustainable development (SD); Policies and Legal aspect of Environmental management;
Environmental Protection Acts and Regulations

Environmental management systems (EMS), problems and strategies, planning, decision-making


and management dimensions; Review of political, ecological and remedial actions; Future
strategies, multidisciplinary approaches, Environmental policies and legislation in developed and
developing countries including India; Policies regarding Air, water, land, forestry, wild life,
biodiversity, energy, human resources and multidimensional pollution; Role of international
environmental institutions like U.N. etc.

Types of Audits - Features of Effective auditing -programme Planning - Definition -Organisation


of Auditing Programme - pre visti data collection Audit Protocol - Onsite Audit - Data Sampling
- Inspections - Evaluation and presentation Exit Interview - Audit Report - Action Plan - Other
types of Audits -Management of Audits -Waste Management Contractor Audits - Related Audits.
Environmental audit (EA); philosophy, definitions, concepts, types, rules and limitations;
environmental audit versus accounts audit, compliance audit; relevant methodologies,
regulations; life cycle analysis,

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), definitions and concepts, rationale and historical
development of EIA, status of EIAs in india, EIA capability, socio-economic aspects and
limitations-Legal provisions on
EIA. Initial environmental examination (IEE), and Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
environmental

appraisal; methodologies of EIA, Environmental impact factors and areas of


considerationorganization,screening, scoping, scaling, measurement, evaluation of
environmental impact, and prediction and assessment of impact on the total environment, air,
water, soil, energy, noise, biological;, public participation in Decision making, Exchange of
information; EIA report and its features Preparing the EIA documentDesign of controlled
environments to enhance health and protection of natural resources application of mathematical
models for mitigation of adverse impact on environment; Options for mitigation of impact
onenvironmental components; Addressing the issues related to the project; Simple methods for
impact identification – matrices, net works and checklists. generation of impact matrices,
weighing and evaluation methods with decision support systems (DSS).

case studies various industrial and development projects.


Introduction to Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing in
Environmental Management. Role of remote sensing and GIS in Environmental Impact
Assessment. Geo-indicators and environmental indicators. clean technologies, introduction to
ISO and ISO 14000/ 14001. OSHA 18000 SHE Audits

GIS processing and modeling with spreadsheets, Principles of sustainable development and
implications of finite biosphere and complexities for engineering design and decision-making.
for sustainable development. Risk analysis. Life cycle analysis. Risk management.

Text Book:
1. Larry W Canter, Environmental Impact Assessment, McGraw Hill, Inc., 1996 Betty
Bowers Marriot, Environmental Impact Assessment A Practical Guide, McGraw Hill, Inc., 1997.
2. C.J. Barrow, Environmental & Social Impact Assessment – An Introduction, Edward
Arnold, 2002.
3. Evan. K. Paleologos and Ian Lerche,Environmental Risk Analysis, McGraw Hill Inc.,
2001
4. Peter Morris (ed.) and Riki Therivel (ed.), Methods of Environmental Impact
Assessment, Routledge, 2001.Canter, L., Environmental Impact Assessment. McGraw Hill,
1996. ISBN: 0070097674
5. Bartell, S., Kolluru, R., Pitblado, R., and Stricoff, S., Risk Assessment and Management
Hanbook: For Environmental, Health and Safety Professionals. McGraw Hill, 1996. ISBN:
0070359873
6. Lerch, I. And Paleologos, E., Environmental Risk Analysis. McGraw Hill, 2001. ISBN:
0071372660 McGraw, D., Environmental Auditing and Compliance Manual. Wiley Interscience,
1993. ISBN: 0471285854 Woodside,
7. G. Yturri, J. and Aurricho, P., ISO 14001 Implementation Manual. McGraw Hill, 1998.
ISBN: 0070718520 Curran, M., Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment. McGraw Hill, 1996.
ISBN: 007015063X
8. Canter, L.W., " Environmental Impact Assessment ", McGraw Hill, New York, 1996.
9. Petts, J., " Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment Vol. I and II ", Blackwell
Science, London, 1999.

Reference Books:
Anjaneyalu,Y. (2002), Environmental Impact Assessment Methodologies, B.S. Publications,
Hyderabad.
Environmental Assessment Source book (1991), Vol.I, II & III., The World Bank, Washington,
D.C.Judith Petts (1999), Hand book of Environmental Impact Assessment, Vol.I & II, Blackwell
Science.
The World Bank Group, " Environmental Assessment Sourcebook Vol. I, II and III ", The World
Bank, Washington, 1991.
Dorf, R.C., Technology, Humans and Society: Toward a Sustainable World. Academic Press,
2001. ISBN:0122210905
Pearce, D. and Barbier, E., Blueprint for a Sustainable Economy. Earthscan Publications, 2000.
ISBN:1853835153

Mode of Evaluation : Written Examination/ Assignment/ Seminar


CLE 522 ADVANCED WASTEWATER TREATMENT L T P C
3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Fundamentals of waste water treatment


Aims & Objectives
The main aim of introducing this subject is to impart knowledge about the complete fundamental
concept about treatment of the waste water and its recycle.
Expected Outcome
After the end of the course the student will have knowledge of the following topics:
• Know about the conventional treatment units and processes.
• Role of microorganisms in wastewater treatment.
• Biological Nutrients removal.
• Nutrients removal by chemical process.
• Wastewater reuse, recycling and disposal of treated effluents.

Contents :
• Sewage treatment function and residue removal.
• Nitrogen and phosphorous removal.
• Nutrient removal by chemical methods.
• Waste water reuse and disposal

Importance of Advanced Wastewater Treatment


Effects of chemical constituents in wastewater / Need of advanced wastewater treatment / Basis
of process selection and development of treatment flow sheets. Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR)
applications / Removal of residual suspended solids by micro screening.
Biological Nutrient Removal
Sources and forms of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) / Processes for N and P removals.
Conventional biological nitrification/ denitrification processes and its process fundamentals.
Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) and Simultaneous Nitrification – Denitrification (SND)
processes for nitrogen removal. New processes for nitrogen removal: ANAMMOX, SHARON,
CANON etc. Biological removal of Phosphorus-Process fundamentals and types of processes.
Combined removal of N and P by biological methods.
Chemical Nutrient Removal
Nitrogen removal by physical and chemical methods- Air stripping of ammonia / Breakpoint
Chlorination / Ion – exchange. Removal of phosphorus by chemical addition.
Refractory Organics and Dissolved Inorganic Substances Removal
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP)/ Adsorption / Chemical precipitation / Ion Exchange /
Membrane Processes.
Wastewater Reclamation/Reuse/Disposal
Direct and indirect reuse of wastewater- Municipal reuse/industrial reuse/agricultural reuse/
recreational reuse/ground water recharge. Criteria and disposal of effluent in to lakes, rivers
and ocean.

References
1 Metcalf & Eddy (1985), Wastewater Engineering- Treatment, Disposal and Reuse,
Second edition,
Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
Metcalf & Eddy (2003), Wastewater Engineering, Fourth edition, Tata McGraw-
2
Hill, New Delhi.
Peavy, Rowe & Tchobanoglous (1985), Environmental Engineering, Tata
3
McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
Journals: Water Research, Water Science & Technology, Journal of Hazardous
4
Materials, Journal of
Biotechnology, Chemosphere.

Mode of Evaluation : Written Examination/ Assignment/ Seminar


CLE540 ENVIRONMENTAL HYDROLOGY L T P C
3 0 0 3
Course Prerequisites :
Aims & Objectives
The course is aimed at providing the scientific knowledge and skills required and experience of
practical applications in hydrological and water quality assessments.
• To impart knowledge of the various ways in which water is important in the development of
catchments
• To provide training in computer modeling of catchment processes, such as inflow,
infiltration, flooding etc.,
• To develop the numeric skills required to analyze and present environmental data
• To provide support for the production of the Independent Geographical Study, through data
collection, data presentation, data analysis, report writing and oral presentation of methods

Expected Outcome
By the end of the module, the students will have acquired knowledge in several key areas of
the subject. These include:
• the reasons why water is important for catchment development;
• the ways in which water enters catchments and moves through them;
• the ways in which rivers are important for landscape development; and
• the significance of catchment hydrology to flooding.

Contents :
• River hydrology, pollutant transport and flow fluctuation
• Pollutant through ground water and modelling
• Flow model development and limitations
• Pollutant transport through subsurface and modelling

Concepts of Hydrology
Environmental Hydrology – definition – scope – role of environmental hydrology– types of data
– sources – River hydrology – catchment – waterways – water shed - Surface water –
characteristics –- Ground water – occurrence – types of aquifers – Environmental Influences –
fluctuation due to Evapotranspiration, meterological effect of tides, recharge

Ground Water Pollution


Ground water pollution – quality analysis – sources of pollution – distribution – evaluation –
monitoring quality – sea water intrusion – control methods – preventive measures,

Ground Water Modelling


Ground water contamination modelling – flow modelling contamination transport models –
development, Accuracy of models – numerical methods – applications, limitations
Microbial Subsurface Transport
Modelling of subsurface transport of microorganisms – growth and decay – transport in porous
media – special cases of transportation of pollutants

Hydrological Consequences
Eco hydrological consequences of Environmental degradation water conservation, planning and
impact process, mitigation of impact processes

Reference Books
1. Vijay P. Singh, “Environmental Hydrology”, Kluver Academic Publishers, London,
1997.
2. D.K.Todd , “Ground water Hydrology”, John Willy Sons, New York, 2004.
3. “Ground water Manual – A water resource technical publication”, Scientific publishers,
New Delhi
4. H. Nash & G.J.H.McCall, “Ground water Quality”, Chapman & Hall Publishers, London,
1995.
5. H.M. Raghunath, “Ground water”, Willy and Eastern publication, New York, 1987.
6. Ray K. Linsley, Joseph B. Franzini, “Water Resource Engineering”, Mc Graw
Publications, New York, 1987.

Mode of Evaluation : Written Examination/ Assignment/ Seminar


MATHEMATICAL MODELLING IN ENVIRONMENTAL L T P C
CLE 523 ENGINEERING
3 0 0 3
`

Course Prerequisites : Knowledge of Calculus and Differential Equations


Objectives
To enable a comprehensive understanding of:
1. The Scope and extent of Mathematical Modelling
2. The basic tenets of mathematical modelling and its application to Environmental
Processes
3. Mathematical modelling techniques
4. Mathematical modelling methods applied to Global Environmental Problems

Outcomes
Clearly, the outcomes directly relate to the objectives, and upon completion of the course, the
students shall be able to:
1. Acquire a basic understanding of how mathematical models can be used to solve
environmental problems
2. Set up material balance models for conservative and non-conservative systems
3. Formulate and solve Boundary value problems.
4. Formulate, Set-up, and solve complex Environmental Problems.

Contents
• Basic modelling of the physical environment
• Atmospheric and Noise Quality Modelling.
• Acid Rain and Ozone Depletion Modelling
• Global Warming and Climate Modelling
• Water Quality and Solid Waste Modelling

Unit 1 Basic Modellling & Physical Environmental


The origins: Formation of the Physical Environment. The evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere.
Quantification of the Lapse Rate. The states of stability of the atmosphere Quantification of
Wind circulation : Geo-strophic winds. Necessity of mathematical models. Concentration
calculations and conversions in liquids and gases. Converting ppm into microgrammes/m3 and
vice-versa. Material Balance –Steady-state conservative systems-non-conservative pollutants.
Mass-Energy flows and balances –specific examples in real-life environmental problems
:Thermal pollution of a River

Unit 2 Air Pollution Modelling


The importance of Air Pollution modelling. Modelling the Atmopspheric Boundary Layer –
mixing length and eddy diffusion.. The formulation and solution of the Gaussian Plume Model .
Gaussian Dispersion Coefficients. Plume Rise estimation Emissions inventories. Point, Line and
Area Sources. Simple noise quality models : Models for Roadway Noise
Unit 3 Mass Transfer Application
Modelling the mass transport of Sulphur Dioxide into falling rain drops. Reaction Pathways.
Mass and Charge Balance. The convective diffusion equation. Normalisation of the CDE with
reaction kinetics. Modelling the Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Pathways for Ozone
depletion.
Unit 4 Global Warming and Climate Change Modelling
Solar and Terrestrial Radiation. Quantifying the Green House Effect.. A model for estimating the
Equilibrium temperature of the Earth. Aerosol and cloud processes. The Basic tenets of Global
Circulation Models for Weather Forecasting
Unit 5 Water Quality Modelling
The unusual qualities of water. Modelling Biochemical Oxygen demand (BOD). Estimating the
BOD Reaction Rate Constant. The effect of Oxygen-demanding wastes on rivers. A model for
De-oxygenation. The Oxygen-sag curve. Solid waste modelling: Waste to Energy. Modelling the
methane potential of discards.
Text Book
1. Introduction to Environmental Modelling, Jo Smith and Pete Smith, OUP, 2009
2. Gilbert M., Master, ‘Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science’
Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 3rd Edition, 2007.
Reference Books
1. Howard S. Peavy, Donald R. Rowe, and George Tchobanoglous. ‘Environmental
Engineering’. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. 1985
2. Roland b. Stull : Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology. John Wiley 1988.
3. Plus, Journal Articles from J. Geophys. Res., Geophysical Research Letters, Quarterly
Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society.

Mode of Evaluation : Written Examination/ Assignment/ Seminar


CLE 524 REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS L T P C
3 0 0 3
Co
urse Prerequisites :
Objectives
This subject explains the basic concepts of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information
Systems with its applications.
Outcome
Students shall be able to understand
1. the basic remote sensing concepts and its characteristics
2. GIS and its requirements
3. data management with GIS
4. and carry out analysis and interpretation of GIS results

Contents
• Introduction
• Image processing
• Concepts of GIS
• Map overlay
• Applications

Unit - I Basics of Remote Sensing


Basic concepts of Remote Sensing - Introduction to remote sensing -Electromagnetic radiation -
Characteristic of real remote sensing systems – Platforms – Satellite - Indian remote sensing
satellite - Sensors - Satellite Retrievals

Unit -II Image interpretation & Processing


Image processing - Elements of image interpretation - Concepts of digital image processing

Unit -III Basics of GIS


Basic concepts of GIS - Introduction to GIS - History of development of GIS - Elements of GIS -
Computer hardware and software

Unit - IV GIS Analysis


Map overlay - Vector and raster data model - Mapping concept - Data storage and database
management Development of map overlay - Overlay operation

Unit - V Applications
Applications of GIS and remote sensing in Energy & Environmental Engineering.
Text Books
1. A.N. Patel and Surendra Singh (1999), Remote Sensing Principles and Applications,
Scientific Publisher, Jodpur.
2. P.A. Burrough (2000), Principle of Geographical Information Systems for Land
Resources Assessment, Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Reference Books
1. T.M. Lillesand and R.W. Kiefer (1999), Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John
Wiley & Sons, New York.
2. Keith C. Clarke, Brad O. Parks, Michael P. Crane (2005), Geographic Information
Systems and Environmental Modeling, Prentice-Hall of India.

Mode of Evaluation
Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination
CLE535 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT L T P C
3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites :
There are no formal prerequisites for this course, although a basic knowledge of probability and
statistics is helpful.

Course Objectives
• To provide knowledge related to the broad field of environmental risk assessment
• Steps involved in the risk assessment process, including statistical characterization of
observed data
• Knowledge about tools that can be used in defining environmental risks, particularly as
related to human health.
• To develop practical skills in disaster mitigation, planning, response and post disaster
rehabilitation, particularly related to health and public health.

Contents
• Risk management process and the role of risk assessment
• Occupational risk concepts
• Experiences and regulatory context of Environmental Risk Assessment
• Role of Geo-informatics in disaster management
• Disaster management schemes and role of various agencies

Risk Assessment
Introduction - Methodologies and Guidelines: Principles, Code of practice – Appointment of
personnel and their responsibilities – Emergency plans: onsite and off site. Steps in risk
assessment: Identification of risk, Extent of risk and disaster, Risk-Based Decisions for
Corrective Action –Timely updation. Developing a Site Conceptual Model - Focusing on Risk-
Based Decisions in Corrective Action - Risk Assessment: Dose Response and Target Level
Calculations - Experiences in Environmental Risk Assessment.

Occupational Health and Safety


Occupational risk analysis survey and health evaluation, behavioral studies, occupational injury,
disease reporting, investigation: monitoring and control of environmental hazards.
Occupationally induced illness, non-occupational illness, and discomfort at work, the
epidemiological approach, occupational health practice: investigation, monitoring, control,
examples of occupational health hazards: nasal cancer, asbestosis, bronchitis, heart disease.
Occupational health services.

Methodologies and Management Techniques


Risk assessment techniques for accidental release of toxic and inflammable materials, hazard
analysis, potential risk, conceivable release mechanisms and release rates, fire and explosion
hazards and simplified models for their assessment. Operations Management (OM), Risk
Assessment and Disaster Response, Quantification Techniques, NGO Management, SWOT
Analysis based on Design & Formulation Strategies, Insurance & Risk Management.
Disaster Management
Introduction & Dimensions of Natural & Anthropogenic Disasters, Principles/Components of
Disaster Management, Organizational Structure for Disaster Management, Disaster Management
Schemes/SOPs, Natural Disasters and Mitigation Efforts, Flood Control, Drought Management,
Cyclones, Avalanches, Mangroves, Land Use Planning, Inter-Linking of Rivers, Role of
Union/States, Role of Armed Forces/Other Agencies in Disasters, Role of Financial Institutions
in Mitigation Effort, Group Dynamics, Concept of Team Building, Motivation Theories and
Applications, School Awareness and Safety Programs, Psychological and Social Dimensions in
Disasters, Trauma and Stress, Emotional Intelligence, Electronic Warning Systems.

Use of Information systems, Experiences and case studies


Recent Trends in Disaster Information Provider, Geo Informatics in Disaster Studies, Cyber
Terrorism, Remote Sensing & GIS Technology, Laser Scanning Applications in Disaster
Management, Statistical Seismology, Quick Reconstruction Technologies, Role of Media in
Disasters, Management of Epidemics, Bio-Terrorism, Forecasting / Management of Casualties.
Important Statutes/ Legal Provisions, IEDs/Bomb Threat Planning, NBC Threat and Safety
Measures, Forest Fires.

References
1. Rao V. Kolluru, “Environmental Strategics hand book”, Mc-graw Hill Inc., New York,
1994.
2. Brock Neely. W & Blan G.E, “Environmental Exposure from chemicals, Volume II, Chc
Press Iunc., Florida, 1989.
3. Woodsen W.E., “Human factors design handbook – information and guidelines for
design to systems, facilities, equipment and product for human use”, Mc Graw Hill, New
York, 1981.

Mode of Evaluation : Written Examination/ Assignment/ Seminar


CLE 525 INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL L T P C
3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics and mathematics


Objectives
To enable a comprehensive understanding of:
1. Understand the industrial process, water utilization and waste water generation
2. Characteristics of industrial waste water and treatment options of industrial waste water

Outcomes
Clearly, the outcomes directly relate to the objectives, and upon completion of the course, the
students shall be able to:
1. Analyze the waste water from different industries
2. Design suitable units for industrial waste water treatment
3. Select the suitable residue disposal options

Contents
• Water use in industry and waste water generation
• Waste reduction and strength reduction
• Treatment to industrial waste water
• Industrial solid waste and disposal

Introduction
Industrial scenario in India - Uses of water by industry - Sources and types of industrial
wastewater – Industrial wastewater disposal and environmental impacts - Reasons for treatment
of industrial wastewater
– Regulatory requirements and pollution control boards- Industrial waste survey - Industrial
wastewater generation rates, characterization and variables - Population equivalent - Toxicity of
industrial effluents and Bioassay tests. Individual and Common Effluent Treatment Plants - Joint
treatment of industrial wastewater.

Cleaner production
Waste management approach, source reduction, Waste audit- volume and strength reduction –
Material and process modifications- Recycle, reuse and byproduct recovery, Zero discharge
processes- case studies.

Treatment and Disposal of industrial effluents


Equalization - Neutralization - Oil separation - Flotation - Precipitation - Heavy metal Removal –
Refractory organics separation by adsorption - Aerobic and anaerobic biological treatments -
High Rate reactors, Sequencing batch reactors, Chemical oxidation - Ozonation - Photocatalysis
- Wet Air Oxidation - Evaporation - Ion Exchange – Membrane processes.

Treatment and disposal of solid wastes


Sources and quantities of solid waste from industrial processes, Waste classification –
hazardous/non hazardous. Residuals of industrial wastewater treatment - Quantification and
characteristics of Sludge Thickening, digestion, conditioning, dewatering and disposal of sludge
- Management of RO rejects. Waste to wealth – reuse options of solid residue.

Case studies
Industrial manufacturing process description, wastewater characteristics and waste treatment
flow sheet for Textiles - Tanneries - Pulp and paper - metal finishing - Petroleum Refining -
Chemical industries - Sugar and Distilleries -Dairy - Iron and steel - fertilizers – thermal power
plants and Industrial clusters and Industrial Estates.

References:
1. Eckenfelder, W.W., (1999) " Industrial Water Pollution Control ", Mc-Graw Hill.
2. Nelson, L. Nemerow(2000)”Liquid waste of Industry, Theories, Practice and Treatment,
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, London.

3. World Bank Group (1998) " Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook - Towards
Cleaner Production ", World Bank and UNEP, Washington D.C.

4. R.L Stephenson & J.B.Blackburn (1998) “Industrial Wastewater Systems Handbook, Lewis
Publishers, New Yark.

Mode of Evaluation : Written Examination/ Assignment/ Seminar


CLE529 ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES AND CLIMATE CHANGE L T P C
3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics and mathematics


Objectives
To enable a comprehensive understanding of:
1. The evolution of the earth’s atmosphere
2. Characteristics of the terrestrial atmosphere
3. Homogeneous and heterogeneous processes in the atmosphere
4. A basic understanding of the recent advances made in the understanding of the
atmospheric processes leading to climate change

Outcomes
Clearly, the outcomes directly relate to the objectives, and upon completion of the course, the
students shall be able to:
1. First acquire a basic understanding of the evolution of the earth’s atmosphere
2. Thereafter, learn about the structure and composition of the various atmospheric layers
3. Gain a basic grounding on atmospheric chemical cycles
4. Understand how atmospheric chemical processes are linked to the dynamics
5. Finally, gain an insightful understanding of the physico-chemical processes leading to
climate change.

Contents
• Earth’s early atmosphere, present atmosphere, radiative attributes
• Atmospheric winds, states of stability and Lapse rates
• Tropospheric and Stratospheric chemistry
• Atmospheric aerosol and clouds
• Global warming and Green House Gas theory

Unit 1 Origins
Origins of the Earth’s Atmosphere. Layers of the Atmosphere. Earth –Atmosphere System.
Solar and Terrestrial Radiation. Absorption of Radiation by gases. Solar variability and the
Earth’s Energy Balance.A simple model to estimate Green House Effect.

Unit 2 Atmospheric States Stability


The ideal Gas law, Atmospheric Composition, Hydrostatic balance, Derivation of the Potential
Temperature, States of stability of the Atmosphere, Parcel Concepts. General Circulation and
Geostrophic flows. Quantification of dry and moist adiabatic Lapse Rates. Cloud Formation

Unit 3 Atmospheric Chemical Reactions


Atmospheric Chemical Reactions. Chemical Kinetics, Bimolecular Reactions, Photodissociation.
Stratospheric Ozone, Chapman Chemistry, Catalytic Cycles, Homogeneous and Heterogeneous
pathways for Ozone destruction. The Antarctic Ozone Hole.

Unit 4 Atmospheric Aerosols


Atmospheric Aerosol: Aerosol size distributions. Continental and Maritime Aerosol.
Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation. Condensation, Coagulation, Evaporation.
Sedimentation and dry deposition. Formation of Cloud droplets. Auto-conversion and
Precipitation.

Unit 5 Global Climate Change


Global Climate Change : Global Temperature Record and Solar Variability. Possible Effects of
Global Warming. Aerosol direct, in-direct and semi-direct effects. Climate Response to
Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing. Climate Predicitions : Key attributes of Global Climate Models.

Text Book
1. Atmospheric Processes and Systems, Russell D. Thomson, Routledge, 1998
2. Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science. Gilbert M. Masters. Prentice-Hall of
India. 2005.

References
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: The Third Assessment Report (2007). Cambridge
University
Press.
Plus, Journal Articles from J. Geophys. Res., Climate Change, Geophysical Res. Letts. Etc.

Mode of Evaluation : Assignments, Seminars, Written Examination


CLE 520 AIR POLLUTION AND ITS CONTROL L T P C
3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics and mathematics

Aims & Objectives


This course explores the aspects of the science of atmospheric pollution, looking at issues such
as atmospheric composition, monitoring, acidic deposition, urban air quality and global changes
in the atmosphere. The use of models in air pollution studies will be reviewed. Effects based
approaches to air pollution control practices will be assessed. The public health implications of
air and noise pollution at a range of spatial scale will be outlined.

Expected Outcome
After taking this course the student will be able to :
• To describe the main chemical components and reactions in the atmosphere and examine
the factors responsible for perturbing these.
• To review established methods for monitoring and modeling spatial and temporal
patterns of pollution.
• To explore air pollution issues at a range spatial scales and how these are relaxed.
• To assess the environmental impacts of atmospheric pollution.
• To evaluate the scientific basis underlying in controlling of air pollutants.

Contents :
Introduction to Air Pollution
Definition of Air Pollution, Global effects of air pollution, Air Pollution Episode, Sources and
types of air pollutants, Effect of air pollutants on human beings, plants, animals and economic
aspects.
Sampling of Air Pollution
Air pollution control acts, ambient air quality standards, sampling and measurement of
particular and gaseous pollutants.
Meteorology
Environmental factors – meteorology – elemental properties of the atmosphere – influence of
meteorological phenomena on air quality – plume dispersion – modelling – maximum mixing
depth –stack design.
Controlling of Air Pollution
Controls – particulate pollutants, Source control, controlling equipment’s – settling chambers,
ESP Particulate scrubbers and filters. Gaseous pollutants – absorption, adsorption devices,
combustion and condensation devices.
Noise Pollution and Control
Noise Pollution –Sources & Effects, Kinetics of noise, Measurements and control, Noise
standards and case studies.
Reference Books
• Noel de Nevers, “Air Pollution Control Engineering”, McGraw Hill, Inc. New York,
1995.
• Mahajan, S.P, “Pollution Control in Process industries, TMH Publishing Co.,New Delhi,
2000.
• Stern A.C, “Air Pollution”, Academic Press, Inc. New York, 1991.

Mode of Evaluation : Written Examination/ Assignment/ Seminar


CLE533 APPLICATION OF BIO-TECHNOLOGY IN L T P C
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : None


Objectives:
1. To introduce microbial and biotechnological concepts and theories.
2. To understand the biotechnological tools and their applications for environmental
management.
3. To become familiar with the effective use of biotechnology in ecosustainable waste
management.

Outcome: Students will be able to


• Apply biotechnological concept and tools for green production technologies and
ecosustainable waste management ensuring sustainable development.

Contents :
Principles of biology-Cell, structure, types, functions and communication during
developments; Genes and development-gene expression and their regulation, regulation of cell
and animal body development; Environment and Ecosystem and its components; Energy and
biogeochemical cycles; Microorganisms and Environment- microbes as functionary part of
ecosystem, terrestrial and non-terrestrial environments, marine and freshwater environments;
Ecological Niche;

Historical Overview of Development and Pollution, Environmental Sustainability and


Biodiversity; Biotechnology, Human and environment- concepts of biotechnology, its
usefulness to humankind and global environment, theories and philosophy; Contradiction
between economic and environment; Environmental Management Strategies for Sustainable
Development;

Microbial cell and enzyme technology- adapted microorganisms, bioremoval of nutrients,


micro-algal biotechnology; Interaction of mixed microbial population and its applications in
bioprocessing of wastes, role of extracellular polymers, bioremediation of environmental
problems; Concept of rDNA technology, plasmid, mutation, genetically engineered microbial
strains and applications of genetic engineering in environmental management;

Problems of toxic chemicals- sources and categories, halogenated and non-halogenated,


petroleum hydrocarbons, metals, human health effects caused by toxic chemical pollutions;
Biodegradation of toxic pollutants, mechanisms of detoxification- oxidation reactions,
dehalogenation, biotransformation of metals; Xenobiotic Compounds- types, sources and its
hazards; Recalcitrance of xenobiotic compounds and leading factors; Biodegradation of
xenobiotic compounds;

Biotechnological remedies for environmental damages- decontamination of ground water


systems, subsurface environment, reclamation concepts- bioremediation; Production of
proteins, Biotransformation of waste into biofertilizers, biogas and electrical energy, affecting
physical, chemical and microbiological factors, health risk, odor management, technological
advances; Environmental effects and ethics of microbial technology; Biosafety; Clean
Technology- concepts and applications in industrial process, clean synthesis; Farming as an
engineering process.

Reference and Text Books


th
1. Pelczar, M. Microbiology, 5 Edn, Tata McGraw Hill, ISBN 0074623206 Wainwright,
M. An Introduction to Environmental Biotechnology, Kluwer Academic Publisher, ISBN
0792385691
2. Martin, A.M. Biological Degradation of Wastes. Elsevier Applied Science, Barking,
ISBN 1851666354
nd
3. Alexander, M. Biodegradation and Bioremediation. 2 Ed., Academic Press, California,
USA. ISBN 012049860X
4. Sayler, Gray S., Robert Fox, James W. Blackburn, Environmental Biotechnology for
Waste Treatment, Plenum Press, New York. ISBN 0306439433
5. Bruce E. Rittmann, Eric Seagren, Brian A.Wrenn, Albert J. Valocchi, Chittaranjan Ray,
Lutgarde Raskin, In-Situ Bioremediation, 2nd Ed., Noyes Publications, U.S.A. ISBN
0815513488 .
Th
6. Sandy Primrose, Richard Twyman, Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics, 7
Ed., Blackwell Science Publications, Cambridge, ISBN: 1405135441 .
7. John T. Cookson, Jr. Bioremediation Engineering Design and Application, McGraw Hill,
ISBN 0070126143/ 9780070126145.

Mode of Evaluation: Assignments and Seminar, Quizzes and Written Examination.


MEE 541 BIO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES L T P C
3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics, chemistry and mathematics


Objectives
1. To enable students understand various biomass to energy conversion technologies
2. To identify and adopt these technologies for thermal and electrical power generation

Outcome
At the end of the course, the student will be able to
1. identify a suitable biomass to energy conversion route for the available locally
2. develop an efficient conversion system for the thermal and electric power needs
3. undertake developmental projects in this area

Contents
• Biomass characteristics and resources
• Biological conversion
• Combustion and densification
• Thermochemical conversion
• Waste to energy conversion

Unit - I
Photosynthesis – Biomass composition - Ultimate and proximate analyses - Heating value -
Biomass resources - Modes of biomass utilization for energy - Biomass conversion processes -
Characteristics of biomass fuels

Unit - II
Biogas production - Types of substrates – Process parameters - Digester design - Operational
problems – Biogas kinetics – Gas cleaning – Thermal and electrical conversion – High rate
anaerobic digestion systems – Sludge utilization - Ethanol production processes – Distillation –
Biodiesel: Preparation, characteristics and applications

Unit -III
Biomass combustion reactions – Combustion systems – Wood stoves and industrial combustion
systems – Fluidized bed combustion systems – Phase theory - Densification – Types of devices –
Performance parameters
– Feed preparation – Properties of densified fuels – Applications - Charcoal production –
Dendrothermal power generation

Unit - IV
Pyrolysis - Slow and fast pyrolysis – Biomass gasification –Types of gasifiers - Fluidized bed
gasification - Equilibrium and kinetic considerations – Gas cleaning – Thermal applications –
Decentralised power generation

Unit - V
Waste and its characteristics – Waste generation, collection, separation, treatment and storage –
Waste management – Waste conversion technologies: Landfill, incineration, gasification –
Energy from sewage
treatment – Energy from industrial wastes – Environmental impacts – Policy and economics

Text Book
1. Charles.Y. Wereko-Brobby and Essel B. Hagan, Biomass Conversion and Technology, John
Wiley & Sons.

Reference Books
1. T.B. Reed (1988), Biomass Gasification, Noyes Data Corporation.
2. D.D. Hall and R.P. Grover (1987), Biomass Renewable Energy, John Wiley, New York.
3. Gerhard Knothe, Jon Van Gerpen and Jurgen Krahl (2005), The Biodiesel Handbook,
ISBN: 1893997790

Mode of Evaluation
Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination
CLE530 ALTERNATIVE FUELS L T P C
3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics, chemistry and mathematics


Objectives
1. To make students familiar with importance of alternative fuels
2. To teach combustion and emission characteristics of various gaseous and liquid alternative
flues
3. To teach engine requirements and adaptability of engines to alternative fuels

Outcome
1. Learn limitations of fossil fuels and need for alternative fuels
2. Learn sources of various alternative flues
3. Learn storage, distribution and safety aspects of alternative fuels
4. An understanding of engine requirements and combustion characteristics fuels

Contents
• Introduction
• Alcohol
• CNG, LPG, Biogas and Producer gas
• Hydrogen
• Vegetable oils

Unit - I
Fossil fuels and their availability - Potential alternative liquid and gaseous fuels - Merits and
demerits of various alternative fuels - Engine requirements
Unit -II
Methods of production - Properties - Blends of gasoline and alcohol - Performance in SI engines
– Adaptability - Combustion and emission characteristics - Performance in CI engines -
Emission characteristics - Properties of alcohol esters
Unit -III
Production and properties of CNG, LPG, biogas and producer gas - Performance and emission in
SI/CI engines - Storage, distribution and safety aspects
Unit - IV
Sources of Hydrogen - Properties - Production of hydrogen - Transportation, storage and safety
aspects - Performance and emission characteristics – Adaptability - Fuel cell - Hybrid vehicles
• Unit - V
Various vegetables oils - Properties - Esterification - Performance and emission characteristics -
Bio-diesel: Feed stock, characteristics, preparation (lab and commercial), storage, applications,
environmental impacts, economics, policy

Text Book
1. Osamu Hirao and Richard Pefley (1988), Present and Future Automotive Fuels, Wiley
Interscience Publication, New York.
Reference Books
1. Alcohols and Motor Fuels: Progress in Technology - Series No. 19 - SAE Publication
USA
2. SAE Papers 840367, 841156, 841334, 841333, 941969, 902095, 962094, JSAE 9938100,
SAE 952508, 950777, 961988.
3. The Properties and Performance of Modern Alternative Fuels, SAE Paper No 84210.
4. R.L. Bechtold (1997), Alternative Fuels Guidebook, SAE.
5. CD ROM Collection (2004), 21st Century Complete Guide to Alternative Fuels,
Progressive Management Publisher.
6. Nick Wagoner and Sheryl Wagoner (2006), Alternate Fuels: An Overview, Thomson
Delmar Learning.
7. Reda Mohamed Bata (1994), Alternate Fuels: A Decade of Success and Promise
(Progress in Technology), SAE International.
8. Gerhard Knothe, Jon Van Gerpen and Jurgen Krahl (2005), The Biodiesel Handbook,
ISBN: 1893997790

Mode of Evaluation
Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination
MEE584 WIND ENERGY TECHNOLOGY L T P C
3 0 0 3
Course Prerequisites : Basic physics and mathematics
Objectives
To enable the students
1. understand the processes of generation of wind, its potential and energy extraction
2. identify and estimate wind resource potential of an area
3. understand the aerodynamic principles of turbine blade design
4. understand the functioning of wind electric generators and the operation wind farms.

Outcome
At the end of the course, the students will be able to
1. prepare and evaluate detailed project reports for establishing a wind farm
2. understand the operation of a wind farm and economics of power generation

Contents
1. Wind resource estimation
2. Wind turbine
3. Electric power generation
4. Wind farms
5. Stand-alone systems

Unit-I
Wind resource – wind regime analysis - wind speed and direction – wind speed distributions -
power in the wind - wind measurement – identification of a windy site - estimation of energy in
the wind - software applications.

Unit-II
Types of wind mills – principles of blade design – airfoils - lift and drag - blade profiles –
characteristics and performance of turbines – components of Wind Electric Generators (WEG) -
Energy from WEGs – safety - power curves - wind to electricity conversion.

Unit-III
Actual power from a turbine – electric generators – its types – power generation and
transmission - grid interface – power evacuation – capacity utilization factor - drive train
oscillation - effect of speed on generation - other electrical characteristics of turbines.

Unit-IV
Wind farms – micro-siting - problems in grid interface – DPR preparation and evaluation –
policy – economics – environmental impacts – future developments.

Unit -V
Stand alone systems – wind water pumps – wind battery charges – hybrid systems – installation
of WEG – testing and certification of WEG - offshore wind.

Reference Books
1. Thomas Ackermann, (2005), Wind Power in Power Systems, John Wiles & Son Ltd.
2. Ray Hunter, (1997), Wind Energy Conversion: From Theory to Practice, John Wiley and
Son Ltd.
3. Gary L.Johnson, (1985), Wind Energy Systems, Prentice-Hall Inc., New Jersey.
4. Desire Le Gouriers, (1982), Wind Power Plants: Theory and Design, Pergamon Press.
5. Tony Burton, David Sharpe, Nick Jenkins and Ervin Bossanyi (2001), Wind Energy
st
Handbook, 1 Edition, John Wiley & Sons.
6. Paul Gipe (1999), Wind Energy Basics: A Guide to Small and Micro Wind Systems,
Chelsea Green Publishing Company.
7. Ray Hunter and George Elliot (2004), Wind-Diesel Systems: A Guide to the Technology
and Its Implementation, Cambridge University Press.
8. Martin O L Hansen (2001), Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines, James & James/Earthscan.
9. John A C Kentfield (1996), The Fundamentals of Wind-Driven Water Pumpers, Spon
Press, UK.
10. Richard Leslie Hills (1996), Power from Wind, Cambridge University Press.
11. J.F.Manwell, J.G.McGowan and A.L.Rogers, (2002), Wind Energy Explained: Theory,
Design and Application, Wiley Publishers.www.windpower.org

Model of Evaluation :
Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination
MEE562 SMALL HYDRO POWER SYSTEMS L T P C
3 0 0 3
Course Prerequisites : Fluid mechanics and mathematics
Objectives
1. To enable students understand role of various components of micro, mini and small hydro
systems
2. To carryout detailed project reports
3. To identify, design, and execute SHP projects
4. To evaluate SHP projects, technically and economically

Outcome
Students will be able to
1. identify and carry out sizing of a SHP project
2. prepare a Detailed Project Report (DPR)
3. carry out energy, economic and environmental impacts of the project

Contents
• Site identification and resource estimation
• Small hydro civil structures
• Hydromechanical equipment
• Electrical systems design
• Economics, planning, policy and project implementation
Unit - I
Types of hydro projects – Site identification and evaluation– Hydrological analysis – Discharge
curve – Estimation of power potential – Preparation of DPR
Unit -II
Hydraulics and structural designs related to SHP – Codes and practices – Diversion and intake
structures – Power channel, desilting tank and tail race channel – Balancing reservoir, spillway
and forebay tank – Penstock – Power house building – Machinery foundations
Unit -III
Types of turbines: Impulse, reaction and axial flow – Non-conventional types: Propeller, bulb
and cross flow – Pumps as turbines – Mechanical governors – Characteristic of turbines –
Selection of gates and valves – Installation, operation and maintenance of SHP systems
Unit - IV
Stand-alone and grid connected systems - Electrical equipment planning - Sizing of single and
three phase generators – Synchronous and induction generators - Power factor and its correction
methods – Generator characteristics – Excitation systems – Transformers and circuit breakers –
Governor systems – Protection and control – Auxiliary systems – Grounding – Switchyard
equipment – Instrumentation and control - Synchronization
Unit - V
DPR evaluation– Detailed technical feasibility report preparation– Project planning – Schedules
– Plant and machinery – Operation and maintenance – Policy – Financing – Economics of power
generation – Environmental impact

Text Book
1. Jack J. Fritz (1984), Small and Mini Hydropower Systems, McGraw Hill.
Reference Books
1. Adam Harvey, Andy Brown, Priyantha Hettiarachi, Allen Inversin (1993), Micro-Hydro
Design Manual: A Guide to Small-Scale Water Power Schemes, ITDG Publishing.
st
2. Varma (1997), Renewable Energy Small Hydro, 1 Edition, SWETS.
3. Small Hydro Power in China: A Survey, (1985), Hangzhou Regional Centre, China,
ITDG Publishing.
4. S. K. Wagner, D. R. Webb, Jr. Mayo and C. N. Papadakis (Ed.) (1992), Small Hydro
Power Fluid Machinery, American Society of Civil Engineers.
5. Jeremy Thake (2000), The Micro-Hydro Pelton Turbine Manual: Design, Manufacture
and Installation for Small-Scale Hydropower, ITDG Publishing.
6. Scott Davis (2003), Microhydro: Clean Power from Water, New Society Publishers.
7. Nigel Smith (1994), Motors As Generators for Micro-Hydro Power, ITDG Publishing.
.

Mode of Evaluation
Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination
MEE542 HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELLS L T P C
3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics, chemistry and mathematics


Objectives
The student will be exposed to hydrogen energy, fuel cells and their applications
Outcome
Students will be able to
1. understand the hydrogen generation, storage and application techniques
2. know the power generation using a fuel cell, its types, operation, and applications

Contents
• Hydrogen production technologies: Basic principles
• Hydrogen storage technologies: Basic principles
• Fuel cell fundamentals
• Operating principles and design considerations
• Fuel cell applications

Unit - I
Importance of hydrogen as a future energy carrier – Thermodynamic and thermophysical
properties - Chemical production of hydrogen – Steam reforming, thermal decomposition etc. -
Purification - Desulfurization, removal of CO2, CO, etc. - Electrolytic hydrogen production –
Electrolyzer configurations - Thermolytic hydrogen production – Direct dissociation of water,
chemical dissociation of water, photolytic hydrogen production, photobiological hydrogen
production

Unit II
Compressed gas storage - Cryogenic liquid storage - Solid state storage – Adsorption and
chemical compounds, Metal hydrides, hydride heat pumps and compressors

Unit III
Fuel cells classification – operating temperatures, state of electrolyte, type of fuel, chemical
nature of electrolyte.

Unit IV
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) - Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC) - Phosphoric
Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC) - Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC) - Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells
(MCFC) - Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)

Unit - V
Stationary systems, automotive systems, portable fuel cells, small (less than 1 kW) fuel cells

Text Book
1. Aldo V. da Rosa (2005), Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Processes, Elsevier Academic
Press.

Reference Books
1. Wolf Vielstich, Arnold Lamm and H.A. Gastieger (2003), Handbook of Fuel Cells Vol 1-4,
John Wiley.
2. Gregor Hogen Ed. (2003), Fuel Cell Technology Handbook, CRC Press.

Mode of Evaluation : Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination


MEE626 NUCLEAR POWER ENGINEERING L T P C
3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics and mathematics


Objectives
The student will be exposed to the basic physics of nuclear reactions, operation of nuclear
reactors, its types, power generation methods, safety and environmental aspects.
Outcome
Student will be able to
1. know the nuclear fission and fusion processes
2. understand the working of a nuclear reactors
3. understand power generation and safety aspects

Contents
• Nuclear reactors
• Reactor materials
• Reprocessing
• Separation of reactor products
• Waste disposal and radiation protection

Unit - I

Mechanism of nuclear fission – Nuclides - Radioactivity – Decay chains - Neutron reactions -


Fission process – Reactors - Types of reactors – Design and construction of nuclear reactors -
Heat transfer techniques in nuclear reactors - Reactor shielding
Unit -II
Nuclear fuel cycles – Characteristics of nuclear fuels – Uranium – Production and purification of
uranium – Conversion to UF4 and UF6 – Other fuels like Zirconium, Thorium, Berylium
Unit III
Nuclear fuel cycles - Spent fuel characteristics - Role of solvent extraction in reprocessing -
Solvent extraction equipment
Unit IV
Processes to be considered - Fuel element dissolution - Precipitation process – Ion exchange -
Redox -Purex - TTA – Chelation -U235 -Hexone - TBP and Thorax processes - Oxidative
slagging and electro-refining - Isotopes – Principles of isotope separation
Unit - V
Types of nuclear wastes – Safety control and pollution control and abatement - International
convention on safety aspects – Radiation hazards prevention
Text Books
rd
1. S. Glasstone and A. Sesonske (1981), Nuclear Reactor Engineering, 3 Edition, von
Nostrand.
2. M.M. El-Wakil (1962), Nuclear Power Engineering, McGraw-Hill.

Reference Books
1. J.R. Lamarsh (1966), Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Theory, Wesley.
2. J.J. Duderstadt and L.J. Hamiition (1976), Nuclear Reactor Analysis, John Wiley
3. A.E. Walter and A.B. Reynolds (1981), Fast Breeder Reactor, Pergamon Press.
4. R.H.S. Winterton (1981), Thermal Design of Nuclear Reactors, Pergamon Press.
5. M.M. El-Wakil (1971), Nuclear Energy Conversion, Intext Educational Publish.

Mode of Evaluation
Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination
ELECTRICAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT L T P C
3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Basic electrical engg and mathematics


Objectives
1. To impart the knowledge of frequency and voltage control in power system and the
function of modern energy control centers
2. Lays the foundation for energy conservation by analyzing various schemes, which is of
prime importance in the modern energy crisis
3. To conduct energy audit and hence suggest means to improve energy management
4. To understand the importance of economic dispatch and unit commitment problem

Outcome
Students will be able to
1. model various control loops in power system and analyze their performance
2. conduct energy audit and hence suggest means to improve energy management
3. understand the importance of economic dispatch and unit commitment problem

Contents
• Introduction
• Power system control
• Energy management
• Energy accounting
• Computer control of energy systems

Unit - I
Concept of energy management - Energy demand and supply - Economic analysis - Duties and
responsibility of energy managers - Monitoring and targeting - Data and information analysis –
Techniques
- Energy management information systems - Energy service companies

Unit -II
Control loops of synchronous generator, ALFC, Voltage VAR control - Inter connection of loops
Development of Voltage VAR and ALFC models - Reactive power control, load frequency
control, inter connected operation, AGC, area control error, flat frequency control, flat tie-line
and flat frequency control - Tie-line bias control

Unit -III
Supply side: Methods to minimize supply-demand gap - Renovation and modernization of power
plants – Reactive power management - HVDC and FACTS - Demand side: Conservation in
motors, pumps and fan systems - Energy efficient motors

Unit - IV
Introduction to interconnected operation of energy systems - Measurement of energy and
reactive power flow – Interchange negotiations, examples, inter connected energy accounting

Unit - V
Energy control center - Hardware and software requirements - SCADA system, data acquisition,
logging and display - EMS Software - Network configuration - State estimation, steady-state
security assessment, contingency analysis and ranking - Economic dispatch calculation - Unit
commitment - Load forecasting (short, medium and long term) - Online power flow - Optimal
power flow

Text Book
1. George L. Kusic (1988), Computer Aided Power System Analysis, PHI Publication

Reference Books
1. O.L. Elgard (1987), Electrical Energy System Theory – An Introduction, Tata McGraw-
Hill Publication.
2. Robert H. Miller and James H. Malin Owaki (1987), Power System Operation, 3rd
Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill.
3. P.S.R. Murthy (1994), Power System Operation and Control, Tata McGraw-Hill
Publication.

Mode of Evaluation
Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination
MEE628 ENERGY IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT L T P C
3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics and mathematics


Objectives
To enable essential and practical understanding of the basic energy requirements in buildings

To understand the external and internal energy processes which control the built environment

To study emerging technologies in building energy management

Outcome
After taking this course the student will be able to
1. understand the various energy use and energy processes in building
2. know interaction of various external parameters influencing building energy requirements
3. know the energy requirements for lighting, air-conditioning, etc.
4. take energy audit and energy conservation measures in buildings
5. understand the management of indoor environmental requirements

Contents
• Energy processes and environmental requirements in building
• Influence of climate and solar radiation
• Thermal performance of Buildings
• Energy and environment management in building
• Technologies for low energy buildings

Unit - I

Indoor activities and environmental control - Internal and external factors on energy use -
Characteristics of energy use and its management -Macro aspect of energy use in dwellings and
its implications - Thermal comfort - Ventilation and air quality - Air-conditioning requirement -
Visual perception - Illumination requirement - Auditory requirement

Unit - II
The sun-earth relationship - Climate, wind, solar radiation and temperature - Sun shading and
solar radiation on surfaces - Energy impact on the shape and orientation of buildings – Lighting
and daylighting: Characteristics and estimation, methods of day-lighting - Architectural
considerations for day-lighting

Unit -III
Steady and unsteady heat transfer through wall and glazed window - Standards for thermal
performance of building envelope - Evaluation of the overall thermal transfer - Thermal gain and
net heat gain - End-use energy requirements - Status of energy use in buildings - Estimation of
energy use in a building
Unit - IV
Energy audit and energy targeting - Technological options for energy management - Natural and
forced ventilation – Indoor environment and air quality - Airflow and air pressure on buildings -
Flow due to stack effect

Unit - V
Passive building architecture – Radiative cooling - Solar cooling techniques - Solar desiccant
dehumidification for ventilation - Natural and active cooling with adaptive comfort –
Evaporative cooling – Zero energy building concept

Text Book
1. J. Krieder and A. Rabl (2000), Heating and Cooling of Buildings: Design for Efficiency,
McGraw-Hill.
Reference Books

1. S. M. Guinnes and Reynolds (1989), Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings,
Wiley.
2. A. Shaw (1991), Energy Design for Architects, AEE Energy Books.
3. ASHRAE (2001), Handbook of Fundamentals, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA.
4. Reference Manuals of DOE-2 (1990), Orlando Lawrence-Berkeley Laboratory,
University of California, and Blast, University of Illinois, USA.

Mode of Evaluation
Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Basic economics and mathematics


Objectives
1. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the concepts and methodologies for project
identification, project preparation, project evaluation and project financing
2. To make the student understand the project cycle and their wide socio-economic and
environmental impacts
3. To make the student learn how to evaluate a project in view of global concern about
sustainable development of energy and environment projects

Outcome
Students will be able to
1. Identify various energy and environmental features of a project
2. Develop a project with suitable technology, cost concepts, financial calculations and
environmental impacts
3. Carry out techno-economic evaluation of energy projects with environmental considerations

Contents
• Energy project preparation and development
• Cost concepts and financial calculations
• Economic evaluation of energy projects
• Financial evaluation of projects
• Environmental issues in energy projects

Unit - I
Features of energy projects - Project cycle - Context of energy projects - Project identification-
Project proposal preparation - Pre-feasibility and feasibility studies - Budgeting - Project
approval and implementation

Unit -II
Cost concepts - Time value of money - Interest formulas and equivalence – Inflation - Methods
of project evaluation - Deprecation

Unit -III
Alternatives methods of project evaluation - Traditional methods and new developments -
Valuation of costs and benefits - Uncertainty and risk analysis of projects - Sensitivity and break
even analysis

Unit - IV
Sources of funds – Project financing - Elements of financial costs - Financial structure and
project feasibility - Revenue streams - Effects of assumptions and pricing - Sensitivity analysis

Unit - V
Evaluation of environmental impacts - Methods of economic evaluation of environmental
impacts - Energy sector and environmental policies – Case studies
Text Books
1. H. Razavi (1996), Financing Energy Projects in Emerging Economies, PennWell Books,
Tulsa, Oklahoma.
2. H.K. Sang (1995), Project Evaluation: Techniques and Practices for Developing
Countries, Avebury, England.

Reference Books
1. C.S. Park (2002), Contemporary Engineering Economics, Third Edition, Prentice-Hall, NJ.
2. R. Zebre and D. Dively (1994), Benefit-Cost Analysis: In Theory and Practice, Harper Collins.
3. Retscreen software (www.retscreen.net) (2006 ), Natural Resources Canada.

Mode of Evaluation
Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination

DESIGN OF THERMAL SYSTEMS L T P C


3 0 0 3
Course Prerequisites : Basic physics and mathematics
Objectives
1. To understand various optimization techniques and apply them to thermal design
2. To expose mathematical tools for characterization of performance of energy equipments
3. To study modelling methods for thermal equipments and learn simulation techniques
4. To understand energy recovery by pinch technology

Outcome
Upon completion of this course, the student shall be able to design thermal systems at optimal
functional level.

Contents
• System design and Economics
• Data analysis and deduction
• Modelling of thermal equipments
• System Simulation and Optimization
• Pinch technology

Workable and optimum systems - Economics: Lump sum compounded annually, Compound
Amount Factor (CAF), Present Worth Factor (PWF), Future Worth and Depreciation - Equation
fitting: Linear, quadratic and polynomial fits, uniformly spaced data, Lagrange interpolation,
Exponential fitting and Least squares method - Estimation of thermodynamic properties: T-C-P
characteristics of binary solutions, Developing T-X diagram, Condensation and distillation,
Simulating pumping power and pressure drop -Heat exchanger basics, Counter flow HX,
effectiveness, NTU - System simulation: Successive substitution, Newton-Raphson method with
one variable and Newton-Raphson method with multiple unknowns – Optimization: Lagrange
multiplier, Test for minimum and maximum - Exhaustive, Dichotomous, Fibonacci and Uni-
variate search methods -Linear Programming by Simplex method - Pinch Technology: Basic
concepts, Steam networks and significance of Pinch technology, Load determination by Tabular
method, Design of recovery systems using Pinch technology.

Text Book
rd
1. W.F. Stoecker (1989), Design of Thermal Systems, 3 Edition, McGraw-Hill.
Reference Books
1. Y.Jaluria (1998), Design and Optimization of Thermal Systems, McGraw-Hill.
2. R.F.Boehm (1987), Design Analysis of Thermal Systems, John Wiley & Sons.
3. B.K. Hodge (1988), Analysis and Design of Energy systems, Prentice-Hall Inc.
4. A.Bejan, G.Tsatsaronis and M.Moran (1996), Thermal Design and Optimization, John
Wiley & Sons.
nd
5. Ian C.Kemp (2007), Pinch Analysis and Process Integration (Kemp), 2 Edition, Elsevier.

Mode of Evaluation : Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination


ENERGY SYSTEMS MODELING AND ANALYSIS L T P C
3 0 0 3
Course Prerequisites : Basic physics and mathematics
Objectives
1. To impart knowledge on various energy conversion technologies
2. To optimize various energy systems
3. To apply the dynamic, linear and geometric programming for solving problems related to
energy systems

Outcome
After the completion of this course, the students will be able to
1. analyse data and interpret the results
2. develop mathematical models for various energy systems and components
3. optimize energy systems and its components

Contents
• Introduction
• Modeling and system simulation
• Optimization
• Dynamic, linear and geometric programming
• Mathematical modeling

Unit - I

Overview of various technologies and conventional methods of energy conversion - Power


cycles Designing a workable system - Workable and optimum systems - Steps in arriving at a
workable system Creativity in concept selection - Workable Vs optimum system - Equation
fitting - Mathematical modeling
- Polynomial representation - Functions of two variables - Exponential forms - Best fit method of
least squares

Unit -II
Modeling of thermal equipment - Counter flow heat exchanger - Evaporators and condensers -
Heat exchanger effectiveness - Effectiveness of a counter flow heat exchanger – NTU -Pressure
drop and pumping power - System simulation - Classes of simulation - Information flow
diagrams - Sequential and simultaneous calculations - Successive substitution - Newton-Raphson
method

Unit -III
Optimization - Mathematical representation of optimization problems - Optimization procedure -
Setting up the mathematical statement of the optimization problem - Lagrange multipliers -
Lagrange multiplier equations - Unconstrained optimization - Constrained optimization -
Sensitivity coefficients - Search methods - Single variable - Exhaustive-Dichotomous and
Fibonacci - Multivariable unconstrained - Lattice-univariable and steepest ascent

Unit - IV
Dynamic programming - Characteristic of the dynamic programming solution -Apparently
constrained problem - Application of dynamic programming to energy system problems -
Geometric programming One independent variable unconstrained - Multivariable optimization -
Constrained optimization with zero degree of difficulty - Linear programming - Simplex method
- Big-M method - Application of LP to thermal systems

Unit - V
Thermodynamic properties - Internal energy and enthalpy - Pressure temperature relationship at
saturated conditions - Specific heat - P-V-T equations - Mathematical modeling - Need for
mathematical modeling - Criteria for fidelity of representation - Linear regression analysis

Text Book
1. I.J. Nagrath and M. Gopal (1984), Systems Modeling and Analysis, Tata McGraw-Hill.

Reference Books
rd
1. W.F. Stoecker (1989), Design of Thermal Systems, 3 Edition, McGraw-Hill.
2. B.K. Hodge and Robert P. Taylor (1990), Analysis and Design of Thermal Systems, Prentice-
Hall Inc.
3. D.J. Wide (1984), Globally Optimal Design, Wiley Interscience.

Mode of Evaluation
Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination
MEE631 FUELS AND COMBUSTION L T P C
3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics and mathematics


Objectives
1. To know the composition of various types of fuels and its properties
2. To understand the thermodynamics of combustion
3. To understand the pollution from fossil fuels and its mitigation

Outcome
Student will be able to
1. analyse the composition of various types of fuels and its properties
2. estimate the pollution from fossil fuels and its control
3. explain the thermodynamics of combustion

Contents
• Characterization of fuels
• Solid and liquid fuels
• Gaseous fuels
• Combustion stoichiometry and kinetics
• Air pollution

Unit - I

Fuels – Types and characteristics of fuels – Determination of properties of fuels - Fuel analysis -
Proximate and ultimate analysis - Moisture determination – Calorific value – Gross and net
calorific values - Calorimetry – Dulong’s formula for CV estimation -Flue gas analysis - Orsat
apparatus -Fuel and ash storage and handling – Spontaneous ignition temperatures

Unit - II
Solid Fuels: Wood and wood charcoal - Origin of coal - Composition of coal –Analysis and
properties of different grades of coal – Preparation and storage of coal - Coal washing –
Briquetting – India’s resources – Quality of Indian coal Liquid fuels: Origin of petroleum fuels –
Production – Composition - Petroleum refining-various grades of petro products –Properties and
testing –Alcohol - Shale oil - Gasification of liquid fuels – Synthetic fuels Storage and handling
of liquid fuels – Alcohol policy of Government of India – Alcohol raw material – Possible
potential in India

Unit -III
Classification – Composition and properties – Estimation of calorific value - Gas calorimeter - Rich
and lean gas – Wobbe index - Natural gas - Dry and wet natural gas - Stripped NG - Foul and sweet
NG - LPG - LNG – CNG – Methane - Producer Gas - Gasifiers – Water gas – Town gas - Coal
gasification Gasification efficiency – Non-thermal route – Biogas: Digesters, reactions, viability and
economics – Raw material – Production capacity – Design of biogas plant
Unit – IV
Stoichiometry - Mass basis and volume basis – Excess air calculation - Fuel and flue gas
compositions – Calculations - Rapid methods – Combustion processes - Stationary flame -
Surface or flameless combustion – Submerged combustion - Pulsating and slow combustion -
Explosive combustion Mechanism of combustion - Ignition and ignition energy - Spontaneous
combustion - Flame propagation - Solid, Liquid and gaseous fuels combustion – Flame
temperature – Theoretical, adiabatic and actual - Ignition limits – Limits of inflammability

Unit - V
Types of pollution - Combustion generated air pollution - Effects of air pollution - Pollution of
fossil fuels and its control - Pollution from automobiles and its control - Kyoto Protocol –
Carbon trading

Text Book
1. S.P. Sharma and Chandramohan (1994), Fuels and Combustion, Tata McGraw-Hill.

Reference Books
1. Civil Davies (1970), Calculation in Furnace Technology, Pergamon Press.
2. Samir Sarkar (1992), Fuels and Combustion, Orient Longman.
3. Obrert Edward (1986), I.C Engines and Air Pollution, Harper and Row Publishers.
4. A.G. Blokh (1988), Heat Transfer in Steam Boiler Furnace, Hemisphere Publishing
Corporation.

Mode of Evaluation
Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination
MEE 543 COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS L T P C
3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics and mathematics

Objectives
To make students
1. understand the computational techniques useful in the analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer
2. expose and train in using commercial CFD software and in writing codes for specific CFD
applications

Outcome
At the end of the course the student will be able to
1. formulate equations for fluid flow and heat transfer problems
2. understand the basic concepts of CFD techniques
3. solve conduction and convection & diffusion problems
4. solve incompressible fluid flow problems
5. use FLUENT to solve problems

Contents
• Review of the equations governing fluid flow and heat transfer
• Finite difference method
• Heat conduction, convection and diffusion
• Solution of Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible flows
• Problem solving

Unit - I Basic Fluid Flow Equation

Introduction to equations governing fluid flow and heat transfer - Conservation of mass,
conservation of energy - expanded and special forms of Navier-Stokes equations - Potential
theory - Boundary layer theory - Compressible flows - Turbulent flows.

Unit -II Numerical Methods


Introduction to finite differences, difference equations and discretization – Finite difference
methods: Explicit, implicit and Crank-Nicholson – Convergence and stability conditions - ADI –
Boundary conditions - Applications to steady and transient heat conduction equations. Two
phase flows

Unit -III CFD & Diffusion Processes


One- and two- dimensional steady & transient conduction - Steady one-dimensional convection
and diffusion - Solution methodology: upwind scheme, exponential scheme, hybrid scheme,
power law scheme – Explicit, Implicit, Crank-Nicolson schemes – Stability criterion.

Unit - IV Momentum Equation applications


Representation of the pressure gradient term and continuity equation - Staggered grid -
Momentum equations – Pressure and velocity corrections - Pressure correction equation -
SIMPLE algorithm Boundary conditions for the pressure correction method.

Unit - V Using Fluent


Introduction to Gambit and Fluent software – Problem solving using Fluent and Gambit.

Reference Books
1. S.V. Patankar (1994), Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, Hemisphere, New York.
2. Y. Jaluria and K.E. Torrance (1986), Computational Heat Transfer, Hemisphere
Publishing Corp.
3. J.D. Anderson, Jr. (1995), Computational Fluid Dynamics – The Basic with Applications,
McGraw-Hill.
4. K.A. Hoffman (1989), Computational Fluid Dynamics for Engineering, Engineering
Education System, Austin, Texas.
5. K. Muralidhar and T. Sundarajan (1995), Computatioanl Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer,
Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.
6. Fluent 6.1 Manual (2001), Fluent Inc.

Mode of Evaluation :Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination


MEE563 ADVANCED HEAT TRANSFER L T P C
3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics


Objectives

• To impart advanced knowledge on heat transfer


• To enable the student to comprehend and evaluate various modes of heat transfer
• To enable the student to pursue R&D activities in heat and momentum transport and
their applications.

Outcome
At the end of the course, the student will be able to
• Apply advanced principles of heat transfer for designing heat transfer systems
• Solve heat transfer based problems under more complicated situations

Course Contents
Conduction Heat transfer
Convection Heat transfer
Radiation Heat transfer
Conduction: Transient heat conduction in 2D and 3D, analytical solutions, integral method.
Conduction with moving boundary, solidification and melting.

Convection: derivation of energy equation and boundary layer approximation. Similarity


solution for thermal laminar boundary layer over flat plate and wedge. Introduction to integral
methods, flat plate with arbitrarily varying wall temperature, local similarity. Forced Convection
in turbulent flow, eddy diffusivity, momentum and energy equation in turbulent shear layer,
Reynold's analogy, 3 layer model for turbulence. Natural and mixed convection, natural
convection from flat plates and horizontal cylinders, natural convection between parallel plates
and in cavities.

Radiation: Integral equation for radiative exchange, Monte Carlo method. Radiation of weakly
absorbing media, radiation properties of gases, equivalent beam length, radiation of flames.

Reference Books
1. Frank P. Incropera and David P. De Witt (2003), Introduction to Heat Transfer, John
Wiley & Sons.
2. H.C. Hottel and A.F. Sarofim (1997), Radiative Heat Transfer, McGraw Hill Pvt. Ltd.
3. W.M. Rohsenow, J.P. Hartnett and E.N. Ganic (1987), Handbook of Heat Transfer
Fundamentals, McGraw-Hill Pvt. Ltd.
4. W.M. Kays and M.E. Crawford (1993), Convective Heat and Mass Transfer, McGraw-
Hill Pvt. Ltd.
rd
5. R.Siegel and R. Howell (1993), Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, 3 Edition,
Hemisphere New York.
nd
6. Sadic Kakac and Yaman Yena (1995), Convective Heat Transfer, 2 Edition, CRC Press,
London.

Mode of Evaluation : Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination


CLE531 SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES L T P C
3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : None


Objectives
To make students understand the fundamental theory governing solar thermal and photovoltaic
devices and make them carry out preliminary system designs.
Outcome
At the end of the course the student will be able to
1. estimate solar radiation received on a surface
2. predict the performance of solar thermal devices and analyse its performance
3. carryout sizing of solar photovoltaic systems

Contents
•Solar Radiation
•Solar Flat Plate Collectors
•Solar Design Methods and Concentrators
•Solar PV Sizing
•PV Sizing Project

Unit -I
Solar radiation relations – Radiation on horizontal and tilted surfaces – Extraterrestrial radiation -
Estimation of clear sky radiation – Total radiation on fixed sloped surfaces

Unit -II

Heat transfer aspects in solar thermal – Radiation absorbed by a solar collector -Theory of Flat
Plate Collectors

Unit -III
Mean fluid and plate temperature – Collector performance - Theory of solar air heaters – Basics
of concentrating collectors

Unit -IV
Characteristics of PV cells and modules – Performance parameters – PV system configurations –
Battery Modelling a PV system – Sizing of a stand-alone system

Unit -V
Mini sizing projects

Text Books
1. John A. Duffie and William A. Beckman (2006), Solar Engineering of Thermal Process,
rd
3 Edition, John Wiley & Sons.
nd
2. Tomas Markvart (2000), Solar Electricity, 2 Edition, John Wiley & Sons.

Reference Books
nd
1. S.P. Sukhatme (1996), Solar Energy - Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage, 2
Edition, Tata McGraw Hill.
2. D. Yogi Goswami, Frank Krieth and Jan F. Kreider (2000), Principles of Solar
nd
Engineering, 2 Edition, Taylor and Francis, USA.
3. J.S. Hsieh (1986), Solar Energy Engineering, Prentice Hall.
4. Simon Roberts (1992), Solar Electricity: Practical Guide to Designing and Installing
Small Photovoltaic Systems, Prentice-Hall.

Mode of Evaluation
Assignments / Seminars / Written Examination
THERMODYNAMICS, HEAT TRANSFER AND FLUID
L T P C
FLOW
3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics


Objectives
To expose the student to various concepts in thermodynamics, heat transfer and fluid flow
concepts and develop their skills in analysing and designing systems to field problems.
Outcome
At the end of the course, the student will be able to
1. apply and analyse a thermodynamic system
2. apply heat transfer knowledge to design practical systems
3. apply and design fluid flow systems

Contents
• Thermodynamic Principles
• Conduction Heat Transfer
• Convective Heat Transfer
• Radiation Heat Transfer and Heat Exchangers
• Principles of Fluid Mechanics

Unit – I
Thermodynamic system – Heat, work and energy - Thermodynamic processes – P-V-T diagrams
-Thermodynamic laws – Carnot cycle – Availability concept – T-s relations – Entropy
applications - Gas laws - Power cycles – Psychrometry
Unit – II
Conduction, convection and radiation laws – One dimensional, steady state heat conduction in
simple geometries – Critical thickness of insulation – Thermal resistance – Fin performance –
Unsteady heat conduction – Non-dimensional numbers – Use of various heat transfer charts
Unit – III
Boundary value theory – Conservation equations for flow over plate – Turbulent flow over plate
– Internal flow through pipes and annular spaces – Flow over surfaces - Natural convection over
surfaces
Unit – IV
Thermal radiation – Radiation laws – Black body – Emissive power – Shape factor – Radiation
shields - Heat exchangers types and applications – Use of LMTD – Effectiveness-NTU method –
Compact heat exchangers – Selection of heat exchangers

Unit – V
Types of flow – Potential lines – Euler and Bernoulli’s equations and applications – Momentum
equation – Pipe flow – Darcy’s law – Moody’s diagram – Hagen-Poiseuille equation – Turbulent
flow – Raleigh and Buckingham π theorems – Boundary layers – Laminar and turbulent flows –
Boundary layer thickness – Drag and lift.
Text Books
rd
1. P. K. Nag (2005), Engineering Thermodynamics, 3 Edition, Tata McGraw Hill.
th
2. J.P. Holman (2005), Heat Transfer, 9 Edition, McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.
3. V.L. Streeter (2001), Fluid Mechanics, McGraw-Hill Book Co.

Data Book
1. C.P. Kothandaraman and S. Subramanyan (2004), Heat and Mass Transfer Data Book,
5th Edition, New Age International Publishers.

Reference Books
1. M. Achuthan (2004), Engineering Thermodynamics, Prentice-Hall of India Limited.
2. Yunus A. Cengel (2004), Heat Transfer - A Practical Approach, Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Co.
Ltd.
Frank Kreith and Mark S. Bohn (2001), Principles of Heat Transfer, 6th Edition,
Brooks/Cole,
3. Thomson Learning, Thomson Asia Pvt. Ltd., Singapore.
4. S.P. Sukhatme (2005), A Textbook on Heat Transfer, 4th Edition, Universities Press
(India) Pvt. Ltd.
5. P.N. Modi and S.M.Seth (1999), Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics including Hydraulic
Machines, Standard Book House, Naisarak, New Delhi.
6. R.K. Bansal (2000), Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines, Laxmi Publication (P)
Ltd., New Delhi.
Mode of Evaluation : Assignments / Seminars / Written examination
MEE632 MEASUREMENTS AND MEASURING
L T P C
INSTRUMENTS
3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Basic physics and chemistry


Objectives
1. To introduce a variety of sensors and instruments commonly used in energy and
environmental engineering practice
2. To instill a fundamental understanding of various instrumentation and control detection
circuits related to temperature, pressure, flow and level monitoring of various processes.
3. To learn professional measurement techniques used to engineer thermal and mechanical
systems
4. To identify, formulate and solve problems related to measurements and instrumentation.

Outcome
At the end of the course, the student will be able to
1. understand the fundamental elements of instrumentation, measurement and control
systems
2. identify the application of advanced measuring systems in various energy and
environmental related practices.

Contents
• Planning and Measurement
• Measurement of Thermophysical Properties
• Data Acquisition and Processing
• Advanced Instrumentation
• Basic Process Control System

Unit – I
Instrumentation – Selection of measuring instruments - Measurement of speed, force, torque,
power, power factor and intensity of light.

Unit – II
Measurement of temperature, pressures, fluid flow, humidity, specific heat, thermal conductivity
and heat flow measurement.

Unit – III
General data acquisition system examples, storage, processing - Recording and display devices.

Unit – IV
Introduction and application of advanced devices: -Nuclear magnetic resonance, transmission
electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,
chromatograph.

Unit – V
Introduction to control systems - Types of control systems - Open loop and closed loop systems -
Elements of process control systems - Simple model of process control system.

Text Books
1. T.G. Beckwith and N.L. Buck (2002), Mechanical Measurements, Addison Wesley.

Reference Books
1. Eckman (1986), Automatic Process Control, Wiley Eastern Limited.
2. Barry E. Jones (1988), Instrumentation Measurement and Feedback, Tata McGraw-Hill
Book Co.
3. J.P. Holman (1998), Experimental Methods for Engineers, McGraw-Hill Book Co.
4. Ernest O Doeblin (2002), Measurement Systems, Application and Design, McGraw-Hill
Book Co.

Mode of Evaluation
Assignments / Seminars / Written examination
MEE544 POWER PLANT ENGINEERING L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Prerequisites : Should have done a basic course in Power Plant Engineering.
1) To teach students about the working of various power generation units and
steam cycles.
2) To make students understand in detail about nuclear, gas turbine, hydro and
diesel power plants that play an important role in power generation.
3) To introduce students to various simulation techniques and expose them to
instrumentation and control.

Outcomes
• Students will be able to understand basic power generation types and steam cycles.
• Students will be able to assess the performance of all the components of a power plant
and thus aim for the efficiency improvements.
• Students will be able to solve problems related to gas turbine cycles.
• Students will demonstrate the ability to distinguish between various power generation
units and choose the one that meets desired economic, environmental and social needs.
• Students will be able to use simulation packages.
• Students apply the knowledge of control systems in various applications.

Introduction:
Power plants - Features, Componets and layouts - Working principle of steam, hydro,
nuclear, gas turbine and diesel power plants - Selection of site

Steam and Gas turbines:


Introduction. - Analysis of steam cycles - Rankine cycle - Reheating and regenerative cycles
Heat cycles of gas turbine engines. Steam and gas turbine components.
Energy conversion in a turbine stage. Geometrical and gas dynamic characteristics of turbine
cascades. Turbine cascades and losses in turbine stage efficiency. Multi-stage turbines, radial
turbines, partial admission turbines. Governing of steam and gas turbines.

Simulation of Power plant thermal systems


Types of simulation. Modeling of typical power plant equipment. Steady state
simulation. Dynamic response of thermal systems.

Instrumentation and Automatic control


Automatic control-Pressure, flow and liquid level measurement in power plant-Boiler feed
water control-Super heater temperature control-Steam pressure reducing and desuperheating
devices.

Text books:
1.M.M.El-Wakil, Power plant Technology, McGraw Hill, 2001
2.E.E.Khalil, Power plant Design, Abacus Press, 2000
3.Raven, Automatic control engineering, McGraw Hill, 2001
4.S.M.Yahya, Turbines, Compressors and Fans, McGraw Hill, 2002

Mode of Evaluation : Assignments, Seminars, Written Examination

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