2017R/2016-CIV-102

JOB # 02
DETERMINATION OF MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM VOIDS RATIOS
OF GRANULAR SOILS (ASTM D 4253-93) & (ASTM D 4254-00)

 OBJECTIVE:
The lab is performed to determine the relative density of granular soil,
free draining soil using vibrating table.

 APPARATUS:

 Vibrating table
 Mould and assembly
 Surcharge base plate
 Dial gauge, balance
 Surcharge weights
 Straight edge
 Surcharge base plate handle
 Granular soil (cohesionless)

 RELATED THEORY:

 The void ratio of the mixture is the ratio of volume of voids to volume of
solids.
 Relative density and relative compaction are used to determine the state
of compactness of a given soil mass.
 Relative density is defined as the ratio of weight of soil solids to the
volume of soil.
 Relative density can be determined by formula:
𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒙 − 𝒆
𝑹𝒅 =
𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒙 − 𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒏

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

 2017R/2016-CIV-102

 PROCEDURE:

 Fill the mould with soil as loosely as possible by pouring soil with the help
of funnel. Care should be taken to minimize the particle segregation.
 Trim off the excess soil above the mould by using straight edge.
 Place the surcharge base plate on the surface of soil and twist it slightly.
 Attach the mould to vibrating handle.
 Determine the initial gauge reading.
 Vibrating the mould assembly and specimen for 8 minutes.
 Determine the final gauge reading.
 Remove surcharge base plate and find weight of mould.Determine the
weight of sample in mould.
 Measure the dimensions of mould and calculate volume.

ɤ𝐝 = Ws/V
𝑮𝒔 × ɤ𝒘
𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒙 = −𝟏
ɤ𝒅(𝒎𝒊𝒏)

 OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:

Height of mould = h = 15.24 cm

Diameter of mould = d = 15.24 cm
Surcharge plate thickness=13.82 mm
Volume of mould = V1 = 2779.9 cm3

WEIGHT MAX. MIN. MAX. MIN.

SAMPLE DIFFERENCE H=H- VOLUME OF INDEX INDEX VOID VOID RELATIVE
No. ΔH ΔH V2 SAMPLE DENSITY DENSITY RATIO RATIO DENSITY
57.1%
1 2.5 12.74 2323.9 4200g 1.51 1.8 0.76 0.48 if e=0.6
92.8%
2 2.6 12.64 2305.7 4148g 1.5 1.81 0.8 0.49 if e=0.5
21.4%
3 2.67 12.57 2292.9 3802g 1.37 1.66 0.97 0.63 if e=0.7

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

 2017R/2016-CIV-102

Total Surcharge weight =25 kg

Time = 8 min (For 60Hz)
Difference = (Initial D/R – Final D/R) × Least count of Dial Gauge
Volume (V2) = Area of mould × H
Minimum density = Ws / V1
Maximum density = Ws / V2

𝑮𝒔 × ɤ𝒘
𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒙 = −𝟏
ɤ𝒅(𝒎𝒊𝒏)

𝑮𝒔 × ɤ𝒘
𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒏 = −𝟏
ɤ𝒅(𝒎𝒂𝒙)

 COMMENTS:
For greater value of void ratio, the relative density of cohesionless soil
becomes less and vice versa.

 CONCLUSION:
The relatives densities of different values of void ratios are given below:

e Rd
0.5 92.80%
0.6 57.10%
0.7 21.40%
0.75 3.60%

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT