S Vocabulary reference

Clothes Functional language

boots (n) /buːts/ Making suggestions
cap (n) /kæp/ Let’s (go to the cinema).
dress (n) /dres/
hat (n) /hæt/ What about (going to the park)?
jacket (n) /ˈdʒækɪt/
jeans (n) /dʒiːnz/ Do you want to (play computer games)?
jumper (n) /ˈdʒʌmpə(r)/
sandals (n) /ˈsændlz/ Shall we (order pizza)?
shirt (n) /ʃɜːt/
shoes (n) /ʃuːz/ Giving opinions
shorts (n) /ʃɔːts/ That’s a good idea.
skirt (n) /skɜːt/
socks (n) /sɒks/ I love / don’t really like it / them.
sweatshirt (n) /ˈswetʃɜːt/
tights (n) /taɪts/ I’m not sure.
trainers (n) /ˈtreɪnəz/
trousers (n) /ˈtraʊzəz/ I prefer … to … .
T-shirt (n) /ˈtiː ʃɜːt/
I don’t want to do that – it’s boring.
Free-time activities
That sounds interesting.
chat online (v) /tʃæt ˌɒnˈlaɪn/
go for a pizza (v) /ˌɡəʊ fɔː(r) ə ˈpiːtsə/

go shopping (v) /ˌɡəʊ ˈʃɒpɪŋ/

go swimming (v) /ˌɡəʊ ˈswɪmɪŋ/
go to the cinema (v) /ˌɡəʊ tə ðə ˈsɪnəmə/

hang out with friends (v) /hæŋ ˌaʊt wɪθ ˈfrendz/

listen to music (v) /ˌlɪsn tə ˈmjuːzɪk/

play an instrument (v) /ˌpleɪ æn ˈɪnstrəmənt/

play computer games (v) /ˌpleɪ kəmˈpjuːtə(r) ɡeɪmz/

play sport (v) /ˌpleɪ ˈspɔːt/

read books (v) /ˌriːd ˈbʊks/
watch TV (v) /wɒtʃ ˌtiː ˈviː/

80 Starter unit
 S Vocabulary practice
Review of Level 1 Free-time activities
1 Complete the missing letters in the words. Then 3 Complete the sentences with the words.
match them with the definitions 1–10.
books  chat  to the cinema  computer games
10 bedroom go (x2)  an instrument  online  play (x2)
ra it
read shopping
get dre ed I read books in the evening, before I go to bed.
sta room
My favourite author is R. J. Palacios.

sk ng 1 I never  . I prefer watching

ch
fo y
compa
ho or
touch scr
1 It’s a pet with long ears.
2 It helps you find north, south, east and west.
3 It’s a food made from milk.
4 It’s a scary type of film with monsters, etc.
5 It means ‘put on your clothes’.
6 People do this in the mountains.
7 Teachers go there at break time.
8 It’s dangerous to drive when the weather is
like this.
9 You don’t need a mouse if your computer has
one of these.
10 It’s where you sleep.
Clothes
2 Label the clothes. Then answer the question.
h  football for England and a girl who (5) does / goes
s  d 
b  online. I (10) am / go to bed very early – usually at 8 p.m.!
se films at home.
2 I don’t very often, but I
like The Sims.
3 I usually in the city
centre. I like buying presents for my friends.
n
4 I don’t  , but I’d like to
learn the guitar one day.
5 My friend lives in Australia so we
every weekend.
Consolidation
4 Choose the correct options. What is Mike’s job?
A day in my life
I get / go up very early every morning – at 4 a.m. –
and I (1) make / have a shower. It’s very cold early
in the morning, so I wear a (2) jacket / T-shirt and
(3) shorts / trousers . My car arrives at 4.45 and I
go to the studio. My show starts at 6 a.m. On today’s
programme we have a man who (4) plays / goes
street dance. At 9 a.m., the show finishes. I go home
and sleep, and then I have lunch. I often (6) have / go
for a pizza. In the evening, I listen to (7) music / TV.
I don’t have time to (8) hang out / see with my friends
during the week, but we sometimes (9) watch / chat

t 
Mike is …
Which word is always plural?  a a TV presenter.   b  an actor   c  a footballer

Starter unit 81
 S Grammar reference
Present simple Present continuous

Baiezkoa eta ezezkoa Baiezkoa

I / You / We / They play / don’t play I’m
tennis. He’s / She’s / It’s studying.
He / She / It plays / doesn’t play
You’re / We’re / They’re
Galderazkoa
Ezezkoa
Do I / you / we / they
play tennis? I’m not
Does he /she / it He / She / It isn’t studying.
You / We / They aren’t
Erantzun laburrak
Yes, I do. No, I don’t. Galderazkoa
Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t. Am I
Is he / she / it studying?
Aditz batzuen ortografia aldatu egiten da 3.
pertsonan (he, she, it). Are you / we / they
•  -y amaitzen diren aditzak (study) ➞ -ies (studies). Erantzun laburrak
•  -sh / -ch / -s / -th / -x amaitzen diren aditzak
Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
(watch) ➞ -es (watches).
Yes, she is. No, she isn’t.
Present simple ezezkoa eta galderazkoa eraikitzeko,
do aditz laguntzailea erabiltzen da. Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
 I don’t like cheese.   Does she go to school?
Erabilerak
Ahozko hizkuntzan forma kontraktuak (don’t /
Present continuous erabiltzen dugu une honetan
doesn’t) erabili ohi dira.
gertatzen ari diren ekintzei buruz hitz egiteko.
Erabilerak
Zenbait egoera aditz (stative verbs) ez dira forma
Present simple erabiltzen da errepikatzen diren
progresiboan erabiltzen: understand, know, think,
ekintzei eta egiazkoak diren gauzei buruz hitz egiteko.
like, love, hate.
 I watch TV every day.   He lives in Madrid.
  Do you like fruit? (EZ Are you liking fruit.)
Have egoera aditza da jabetza adierazten duenean.
Adverbs of frequency  I have a laptop. (EZ I’m having a laptop.)

100%0% Verb + -ing / noun

always usually often sometimes never
Like / love / hate + izena iritziak emateko
Gauzak zer maiztasunekin egiten ditugun esateko erabiltzen dugu.
erabiltzen dira adberbio horiek. Present simple Like / love / hate + aditza jarduerei buruzko iritziak
esaldietan txertatu ohi dira. Be aditzaren ondoren adierazteko erabiltzen da.
jartzen dira beti, eta gainerako aditzak baino lehen.   I like pop music. (thing)  I love reading. (activity)
 We usually eat at 9 p.m.  He is often late. Do you like + -ing / izena erabiltzen da galderetan.
Erantzunetan, it eta them izenordainak erabiltzen
Question words dira, izena zein aditza ez errepikatzeko.

Galderazko partikulak (what, when, where, etab.) Izen pluralak ➞ them

erabiltzen ditugu galderen hasieran informazioa   ‘Do you like biscuits?’ ‘I love them.’
eskatzeko. Izen singularrak edo -ing formak➞ it
  How often do you listen to music?   ‘Do you like music?’ ‘I love it.’
  When is his birthday?   ‘Do you like chatting online?’ ‘I hate it.’

82 Starter unit
 S Grammar practice
Present simple Present continuous
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of 4 Write affirmative (✓) and negative (✗) sentences
the verbs in the box. and questions (?). Use the present continuous.
where / Ian / sit (?)
eat go not live not play study watch
Where is Ian sitting?
Nina studies for her exams every night. 1 Leo / listen / to the teacher (✗)
1 he TV every evening?
2 I tennis. It’s so boring! 2 they / study / Chemistry / this year (?)
3 Tom swimming on Mondays.
4 What you for 3 I / chat / online / to my friend (✓)
breakfast?
5 Sara in Gijón. Her flat’s in Oviedo. 4 we / watch / a DVD / tonight (✗)

Adverbs of frequency 5 Sasha / clean / her room / at the moment (✓)

2 Rewrite the bold words correctly. One sentence
is correct.
Verb + -ing / noun
Always I get up before 7 a.m.
I always get up 5 Annalise is studying to become a vet. Choose the
1 Ben goes never to school by bus. correct options to complete the interview.

2 He watches sometimes TV late at night.

3 It often is very cold here in winter.

4 I don’t usually go out during the week.

Question words
3 Complete the questions 1–5 with question words. Q What are you doing today?
Then match them to answers a–f.
A I’m helping at a local dogs’ home.
What do you like doing in your free time?  f Q Do / Does you like dogs?
1 is their flat? A Yes, I love (1) it / them . I like (2) help / helping
2 doesn’t eat meat? all animals. But my favourite animals are horses.
3 do you study maths? Q Do you like (3) riding / ride horses?
4 jacket do you want? A I love (4) it / them. I often ride my horse, Polly, in
5 do your lessons start? the morning, before I go to college.
a Carolina. d In Paris. Q That sounds amazing!
b Because I like it. e At 8.45 a.m. A Yes, but I don’t like (5) get / getting up early.
c The green one. f Listening to music.
Starter unit 83
 1 Vocabulary reference
Events
clap (v) /klæp/
competition (n) /ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn/
crowd (n) /kraʊd/
display (n) /dɪˈspleɪ/
fan (n) /fæn/
hold (v) /həʊld/
laugh (v) /lɑːf/
performer (n) /pəˈfɔːmə(r)/
scream (v) /skriːm/
stage (n) /steɪdʒ/
take part (v) /teɪk ˈpɑːt/
take place (v) /teɪk ˈpleɪs/
Learn it!
Confusing words
angry (adj) /ˈæŋɡri/
hungry (adj) /ˈhʌŋɡri/
Functional language
Talking about school
What’s your favourite subject?
… is my favourite / least favourite subject.
I prefer …

Are you good at …?

Adjectives
I’m (not very) good at / (not) bad at …
angry (adj) /ˈæŋɡri/
bored (adj) /bɔːd/
Who’s your teacher?
calm (adj) /kɑːm/
energetic (adj) /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/
What’s he / she like?
excited (adj) /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/
lonely (adj) /ˈləʊnli/
What time do you ...?
nervous (adj) /ˈnɜːvəs/
positive (adj) /ˈpɒzətɪv/ We have … from … to …
relaxed (adj) /rɪˈlækst/
scared (adj) /skeəd/
surprised (adj) /səˈpraɪzd/
tired (adj) /ˈtaɪəd/

Scout camps
campfire (n) /ˈkæmpfaɪə(r)/
campsite (n) /ˈkæmpsaɪt/
expedition (n) /ˌekspəˈdɪʃn/
field (n) /fiːld/
scout (n) /skaʊt/
skill (n) /skɪl/
tent (n) /tent/

84 Unit 1  What’s on? 

 1 Vocabulary practice
1 Complete the missing vowels (a, e, i, o or u). Then
complete the sentences with the words.
display p   rf   rmer
3 Complete the tips with the words in the box.
campfire campsite expedition field tent skill
scr      m

l      gh t   k place h   ld Before you go on your first expedition,

read these tips!
There was an amazing synchronised swimming •  Don’t take a heavy bag
display on TV last night. Don’t fill your backpack with unnecessary
1 In which month does the Benicàssim Festival things, or you’ll get tired very quickly. Two
 ? important things are a sleeping bag and a
2 I’m really scared of spiders. I (1)  .
•  Learn how to make a (2)
every time I see one.
This is an important (3) for
3 We want to a rock concert to hikers.
raise money for our new school library. Never light your fire near trees.
4 Justin Timberlake is a talented •  Take a map and a compass
who can act and sing. Most national parks are huge and it’s easy to
5 I didn’t once during that film. get lost. Always take a good map. A map will
help you find a good (4) for
It wasn’t funny at all.
your (5) every evening.
2 How does the man feel?
4 Complete the words.

I’ll never forget the first time I …

… performed on a stage
When I was six, I (1) t 
p  in the school play. I felt
surprised 1  s  (2) n  when I saw the big
(3) cr  of parents in the school hall.
But at the end, everyone (4) cl 
and it was a great feeling!
… travelled abroad.
Three years ago, my mum won a trip to
New York in a (5) c   . We were
(6) t  after the flight, but we were
(7) ex  to be in New York, so we
2 a  3  r  went straight to the Empire State Building.
The view from the top is incredible.
… went camping.
I wasn’t very (8) p  about it at first.
I didn’t want to spend the night in a sleeping
bag in a (9) t   . But in the evening
we had a (10) c  and sang songs,
and I had a brilliant time. Now I’m a big

(11) f  of camping.
4 t  5  n 

What’s on?  Unit 1 85

 1 Grammar reference
Past simple (there) was / were

Baiezkoa was / were

played. Baiezkoa
I / You / He / She / It / We / They
went. I / He / She / It was tired.
You / We / They were tired.
Ezezkoa
Ezezkoa
play.
I / You / He / She / It / We / They didn’t I / He / She / It wasn’t tired.
go.
You / We / They weren’t tired.
Galderazkoa
Galderazkoa
play?
Did I / you / he / she / it / we / they Was I / he / she / it tired?
go? Were you / we / they tired?

Erantzun laburrak Erantzun laburrak

Yes, did. Yes, I / he / she / it was.
I / you / he / she / it / we / they Yes, you / we / they were.
No, didn’t.
No, I / he / she / it wasn’t.
Iraganeko forma berbera da aditzaren pertsona No, you / we / they weren’t.
guztietarako. Aditz erregularren baiezkoa
eraikitzeko, -ed gehitzen dugu. Kasu batzuetan, Was eta were dira be aditzaren iraganeko formak.
ortografia aldatzen da: Be aditzak forma singularra eta plurala ditu past
•  -e amaitzen diren aditzak (arrive, practise) simple denborarako.
➞ -e kentzen da eta -d gehitzen da (arrived,  I was angry.  We weren’t relaxed.
practised). Galderazko eta ezezko formak ere baditu. Ez
•  -y amaitzen diren aditzak (study) ➞ -ied ditugu erabiltzen did / didn’t.
(studied).  Skirts weren’t popular.   Were you happy?
•  Kontsonante + bokal + kontsonante amaitzen
diren (edo horrela osatzen diren) aditzak (rob, there was / there were
travel) ➞ amaierako kontsonantea bikoizten da Baiezkoa eta ezezkoa
eta -ed gehitzen da (robbed, travelled).
There was a band. There were musicians.
Ezezkoa eraikitzeko, didn’t + infinitiboa to gabe There wasn’t a band. There weren’t musicians.
erabiltzen da.
 She didn’t travel by bus. Galderazkoa eta erantzun laburrak
Galderazkoa eraikitzeko, did + infinitiboa to gabe Was there a band? Were there musicians?
erabiltzen da. Did jartzen da subjektuaren aurrean,
Yes, there was. / Yes, there wasn’t.
eta galderazko partikula bat izan dezake aurretik.
No, there wasn’t. / No, there weren’t.
  Did you go out yesterday?   What did you do?
Aditz irregularrek iraganeko beren formak There was / were dira there is / are aditzen
dituzte, eta ez dira -ed bukatzen (bilatu zerrenda iraganeko formak.
120. orrian). Galderazkoan eta ezezkoan, aditz There was / wasn’t formek gauza edo pertsona
irregularrek erregularrek bezala funtzionatzen dute. bati egiten diote erreferentzia. A / an / some
Erabilerak jartzen da izenaren aurrean.
Past simple erabiltzen da iraganean gertatu ziren   There was a banana.  There was some milk.
ekintzak eta egoerak deskribatzeko. There were / weren’t formek gauza edo pertsona
 What did you do last summer? bati baino gehiagori egiten diote erreferentzia.
Past simple formako esaldiak erabiltzen dira  There were two girls.
baldin badakigu zerbait noiz gertatu zen. There were lots of books.
Iraganeko denbora esamoldeak izan ohi dituzte. Ezezkoan eta galderazkoan, any jartzen da izen
 I arrived yesterday morning. zenbakaitzekin eta izen zenbakarri pluralekin.
 There wasn’t any cola.
86 Unit 1  What’s on?  Were there any good shops?
 1 Grammar practice
Past simple (there) was / were
1 Complete the sentences with the past simple 3 How was Victoria Square different in 1950?
form of the verbs. Complete the sentences with was, were, wasn’t
I dropped (drop) my tablet, but it didn’t break or weren’t.
(not break).
1950
1 My mum (ask) me to buy some
bread, but I (forget).
2 I (not call) you because I
(think) you were on holiday.
3 They (travel) here by car because
they (miss) the bus.
4 She (buy) an expensive phone and
ket
rmar
she (lose) it a week later. NOW supe

5 The train (stop) in a tunnel, so we

(arrive) late.
6 I (go) to the party, but I
(not see) you there. ket
rmar
supe

2 Write past simple sentences, questions and short

answers to make a dialogue. There were lots of trees.
A where / you / go / last summer / ? 1 There a supermarket.
Where did you go last summer? 2 There a fountain.
B (1) I / go / to Ireland for a wedding. 3 There a bus stop.
4 There any cars.
A (2) how long / you / stay / there / ? 5 There any tall buildings.
4 Cover the picture of the square in 1950. Then
B (3) we / stay / for a week complete the questions. Can you remember
the answers?
A (4) it / rain? How many people were there? There were five
people.
B (5) no / it 1 any cars?

A (6) you / have / fun / ? 2 a statue in the middle of the square?

B (7) yes / we 3 a bus?

4 What kind of shop next to the
café?

5 any trees?

What’s on?  Unit 1 87

 2 Vocabulary reference
Materials
cardboard (n) /ˈkɑːdbɔːd/
ceramic (n) /səˈræmɪk/
cotton (n) /ˈkɒtn/
glass (n) /ɡlɑːs/
gold (n) /ɡəʊld/
leather (n) /ˈleðə(r)/
metal (n) /ˈmetl/
paper (n) /ˈpeɪpə(r)/
plastic (n) /ˈplæstɪk/
rubber (n) /ˈrʌbə(r)/
silver (n) /ˈsɪlvə(r)/
wood (n) /wʊd/
wool (n) /wʊl/
Learn it!
Confusing words
rare (adj) /reə(r)/
strange (adj) /streɪndʒ/
Functional language
Describing objects
I lost my … yesterday / last week.
Where did you lose it?
I left my … on the …
Can you describe it?

Containers
What’s it made of?
bottle (n) /ˈbɒtl/
bowl (n) /bəʊl/ It’s made of …
box (n) /bɒks/
can (n) /kæn/ How big is it?
carton (n) /ˈkɑːtn/
case (n) /keɪs/ It’s (quite / not very) big / small …
cup (n) /kʌp/
envelope (n) /ˈenvələʊp/ Is this it?
glass (n) /ɡlɑːs/
jar (n) /dʒɑː(r)/ Is it this one / any of these?
packet (n) /ˈpækɪt/
tin (n) /tɪn/ Yes, that’s it! Thank you.

Sea journeys
crew (n) /kruː/
iceberg (n) /ˈaɪsbɜːɡ/
lifeboat (n) /ˈlaɪfbəʊt/
luggage (n) /ˈlʌɡɪdʒ/
passenger (n) /ˈpæsɪndʒə/
survivor (n) /səˈvaɪvə/
wreck (n) /rek/

88 Unit 2 Discoveries 
 2 Vocabulary practice
1 Complete the names of the materials. 3 In A, there’s one big of jam, but in B,
there are two small of jam.
4 In A, there’s a small of biscuits, but
cotton in B, there’s a big of biscuits.
5 In A, there are two of tomatoes,
1 m  but in B, there’s one of beans.

3 Complete the questions and answers.

Why did the Titanic sink?
Because it crashed into an iceberg.
2 l  
1 Were there enough l   s for
everyone?
3 w  No, there weren’t.
2 How many people were travelling on the ship?
There were 2,224 p   s and 900
c   w.
4 g 
3 How many s   s were there?
Only 705 people survived. Many more died.
5 c  4 Did they find the w   k?
Yes, they did, but not until 1985.

4 Complete the quiz. Then use the third letter of

each answer to make a mystery word. (Clue: It’s a
6 r  container and it’s also a material.)

7 w  They’re the bags that you take when you

travel. luggage

2 Look at the shopping baskets and find six 1 It’s a precious metal. It’s more expensive
differences. Complete the sentences (1–5). than silver. 

A B
2 It’s a material used to make shoes, belts
and wallets. 

3 It’s a plastic container for a DVD. 

In A, there’s a bottle of cola, but in B, there’s a
4 It’s a person who travels on transport. 
can of cola.
1 In A, there’s one of cereal, but in B,
there are two of cereal.
2 In A, there’s a of orange juice, but in The mystery word is  .
B, there’s a of apple juice.

Discoveries  Unit 2 89
 2 Grammar reference
Past continuous Past continuous and past simple

Baiezkoa Askotan, past continuous erabiltzen dugu past

I / He / She / It was simple formarekin, ekintza bat beste baten
eating. erdian gertatu zela adierazteko. Past continuous
You / We / They were formak deskribatzen du ekintza luzeena, eta,
past simple formak, berriz, laburrena.
Ezezkoa She was writing an email when her phone
I / He / She / It wasn’t rang.
eating.
You / We / They weren’t
• orain
Galderazkoa
mezu elektroniko telefonoak
Was I / he / she / it bat idazten hasi jo zuen
eating?
Were you / we / they zen
Narrazioetan, past simple erabiltzen dugu
Erantzun laburrak istorioko gertakari eta ekintza garrantzitsuenak
Yes, I / he / she / it was. deskribatzeko.
Yes, you / we / they were. Suddenly, a car stopped next to them, and its
No, I / he / she / it wasn’t. door opened.
No, you / we / they weren’t. Askotan, past continuous erabiltzen dugu
testuinguruko informazioa eskaintzeko edo
Zenbait aditz aldatu egiten dira ortografikoki -ing egoera baten zergatia azaltzeko.
gehitzean: The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.
•  -e amaitzen diren aditzak (write, practise) ➞ Katie and her friends were walking home from
-e kentzen da eta -ing gehitzen da (writing, a party. They were feeling cold and tired.
practising). when / while
•  Kontsonante + bokal + kontsonante amaitzen Past continuous eta past simple formetan
diren (edo horrela osatzen diren) aditzak (sit, ekintzak deskribatzen dituzten esaldiek when
swim) ➞ amaierako kontsonantea bikoizten da eta while izan ohi dute askotan.
eta -ing gehitzen da (sitting, swimming).
When jartzen da past simple formako ekintzaren
Erabilerak aurrean.
Past continuous formak iraganeko une jakin She was writing an email when her phone rang.
batean gertatzen ari ziren ekintzak deskribatzen
ditu. Past continuous formako esaldietan, ordua While jartzen da past continuous formako
adierazten da askotan. ekintzaren aurrean.
At nine o’clock last night, I was watching TV. While she was writing an email, her phone
He wasn’t doing his homework last night. rang.
‘Were you walking to school at 8.15?’ as for simultaneous actions
‘Yes, we were.’ Askotan, as erabiltzen da past continuous
formako bi aditzekin, aldi berean gertatzen ziren
bi ekintza luzeri buruz hitz egiteko.
As we were swimming in the sea, my mum
was reading a book.

90 Unit 2 Discoveries 
 2 Grammar practice
Past continuous Past continuous and past simple
1 Write the -ing forms of the verbs. 4 Look at the timelines and complete
swim swimming the sentences.

1 watch I eat dinner

2 have
you phone me
3 stop
4 get I was eating dinner when you phoned me.
5 travel they watch a DVD
6 take
John arrives
2 Complete the sentences with the correct past
1 While they  , John
continuous form of the verbs.
 .
feel get look not listen sit talk wait Sergio travels in the USA

We were looking for the museum. he visits the Grand Canyon

1 After a week at home, I 2 Sergio while he
very bored.
 .
2 Sorry, I to you! What did
I listen to the radio
you say?
3 Samir for the bus at 6.30. I hear my favourite song
4 they 3 While I  ,
about me? I  .
5 I there! That’s your chair
I the waitress carries my soup
over there.
6 Where was she? she she falls over
changed after PE?
4 The waitress when she
3 Write past continuous sentences.  .
I / write / a letter at eight o’clock / .
I was writing a letter at eight o’clock. as + past continuous
1 you / watch / the Olympics / on TV / ?
5 Write sentences using as + past continuous.
2 we / not drink / coffee / . the baby / cry / I / try / to sleep / .
The baby was crying as I was trying to sleep.
3 Leo / not do / his history homework / . 1 my friends / chat / I / study / .

4 where / they / play / football / ? 2 I / listen to music / I / tidy / my room / .

5 we / not live / in London / in 2014 / . 3 Jack / finish / his homework / his mum / drive /
him / to school / .


6 she / listen / to music / ? / no / she / .


Discoveries  Unit 2 91
 3 Vocabulary reference
Parts of the body a temperature (n) /ə ˈtemprətʃə(r)/
toothache (n) /ˈtuːθeɪk/
ankle (n) /ˈæŋkl/
hurt my ankle (v) /ˌhɜːt maɪ ˈæŋkl/
back (n) /bæk/
blood (n) /blʌd/
bone (n) /bəʊn/ Learn it!
brain (n) /breɪn /
Transitive and intransitive
chest (n) /tʃest/
My back hurts.
finger (n) /ˈfɪŋɡə(r)/
I hurt my back.
heart (n) /hɑːt /
knee (n) /niː/
Functional language
muscle (n) /ˈmʌsl /
neck (n) /nek/ Talking about aches and pains
shoulder (n) /ˈʃəʊldə(r)/ Nurse / Doctor
skin (n) /skɪn/ What’s the matter (with …)?
thumb (n) /θʌm/
toe (n) /təʊ/ How do you feel?
wrist (n) /rɪst/
Does it hurt (when …)?
The environment
Let me take your temperature.
crop (n) /krɒp/
decrease (v) /dɪˈkriːs/
Patient
eco-friendly (adj) /ˌiːkəʊ ˈfrendli/
I don’t feel very well.
fossil fuels (n) /ˈfɒsl ˌfjuːəlz/
global warming (n) /ˌɡləʊbl  ˈwɔːmɪŋ/
I feel ill / sick / terrible.
greenhouse gas (n) /ˈɡriːnhaʊs ˌɡæs/
increase (v) /ɪnˈkriːs/
I’ve got a bad cold / a sore throat / a cough.
pollution (n) /pəˈluːʃn/
produce (v) /prəˈdjuːs/
I’ve got toothache / stomach ache / a headache.
run out (v) /rʌn ˈaʊt/

My back / throat / stomach / head hurts.

Illness
I hurt my ankle.
(my) back hurts /maɪ ˈbæk ˌhɜːts/
a cold (n) /ə ˈkəʊld/
a cough (n) /ə ˈkɒf/
the flu (n) /ðə ˈfluː/
a headache (n) /ə ˈhedeɪk/
a sore throat (n) /ə ˌsɔː(r) ˈθrəʊt/
stomach ache (n) /ˈstʌmək eɪk/

92 Unit 3  People and the planet 

 3 Vocabulary practice
1 Complete 1 3 Match 1–5 with a–f.
the puzzle. I can’t talk loudly.  f
2 3 4 5 1 Please don’t walk so fast!   
H E A R T
2 My head feels really hot. 
6
3 I need to see a dentist. 
4 I can’t carry that box. 
7 8
5 Please be quiet! 

a I think I’ve got a temperature.

b I’ve got a bad headache.

Across c I’ve hurt my ankle.

2 It beats around 70 times a minute. d I’ve got toothache.
4 Your heart is inside it. e My back hurts.
7 If you do exercise, these will grow stronger. f I’ve got a sore throat.
Down
4 Which option can’t complete the sentence?
1 You use it for thinking and controlling the other
parts of your body. I’ve got a bad …ache.
3 There’s one of these on each hand. a  head b  throat c  stomach
5 There are five of these on each foot. 1 Cars … air pollution in the city.
6 It moves around your body all the time. a  increase b  produce c  run out
8 It covers your body. 2 A … is part of a hand.
2 Complete the words with the letters in the box. a  toe b  finger c  thumb
3 We must stop producing … .
crea loba oduc rien ssil utio a  global warming   b  greenhouse gases
c  crops
4 Your … is below your neck.
a  heart b  brain c  chest
5 A … is a common symptom of flu.
•  If you turn off the TV when you aren’t using a  sore throat b  temperature c  hurt ankle
it, you’ll save energy. Your electricity bills will
decrease too!
•  Buy your food from local farmers and
(1) pr   e delicious and
(2) eco-f   dly meals!
•  Ask your local politicians what they’re doing
about traffic (3) poll   n in your area.
•  Find out how your home or school can burn
fewer (4) fo   l fuels, and use wind or
solar power instead.
•  Learn about the effects of (5) g   l
warming on plants and animals in your country.

People and the planet  Unit 3 93

 3 Grammar reference
will / won’t First conditional

Baiezkoa Baiezkoa eta ezezkoa

I / You / He / She / It / We / They will go.
Ezezkoa
I / You / He / She / It / We / They won’t go.
Galderazkoa
Will I / you / he / she / it / we / they
Erantzun laburrak
Yes, I / you / he / she / it / we / they will.
No, I / you / he / she / it / we / they won’t.
Osaketa
Baiezkoan, will + infinitiboa to gabe erabiltzen
dugu aditzaren pertsona guztietarako.
People will become taller.
Ahozko hizkuntzan eta testu informaletan ’ll
forma kontraktua erabili ohi da.
We’ll recycle more rubbish.
Ezezkoa eraikitzeko, will not + infinitiboa to gabe
erabiltzen da.
We will not do enough exercise.
Ahozko hizkuntzan eta testu informaletan won’t
forma kontraktua erabili ohi da.
People won’t work in offices.
Erantzun laburretan will edo won’t erabiltzen dira,
baina ez aditz nagusia. Ez da erabiltzen ’ll forma
kontraktua.
‘Will computers be smaller?’ ‘Yes, they will.’
(EZ Yes, they’ll.)
Erabilerak
Will erabiltzen da etorkizunari buruzko
iragarpenak egiteko.
The weather will get hotter.
Will humans become taller?
If we don’t eat meat, we’ll eat insects.
We’ll eat insects if we don’t eat meat.
Yes / No motako erantzunak
If we don’t eat meat, will we eat insects?
Will we eat insects if we don’t eat meat?
go?
Erantzun laburrak
Yes, we will. No, we won’t.
Wh- galderazko partikulekin hasitako galderak
If we don’t eat meat, what will we eat?
What will we eat if we don’t eat meat?
Erabilerak
Lehen mailako baldintza erabiltzen dugu
etorkizunean gerta daitezkeen ekintzak eta
horien emaitzak deskribatzeko.
Lehen mailako baldintzek bi proposizio dituzte:
ekintzarena eta emaitzarena.
Ekintzaren proposizioan, if + present simple
erabiltzen dugu.
If we use public transport, …
Emaitzaren proposizioan, will / won’t + infinitiboa
to gabe erabiltzen dugu.
… we’ll help the environment.
Batzuetan, unless erabiltzen dugu if ordez
proposizioak lotzeko. Unless hitzak if … not esan
nahi du.
Hortaz, unless + aditza baiezkoan egiturak if +
aditza ezezkoan egituraren esanahi bera dauka.
Unless it rains,
we’ll have a picnic.
If it doesn’t rain,
Baldintzazko esaldia ekintzarekin edo
emaitzarekin has dezakegu.
Galderak egiteko, galderazko partikula bat gehi
dakioke emaitzaren proposizioari.
If prices increase, what will we do?
What will we do if prices increase?
Yes / No motako galderak ere egin daitezke, eta
erantzun laburrak eman.
‘If we do less exercise, will we have health
problems?’ = ‘Will we have health problems if
we do less exercise?’
‘Yes, we will.’ / ‘No, we won’t.’

94 Unit 3  People and the planet 

 3 Grammar practice
will / won’t
1 Complete the sentences with will or won’t.
The test is difficult. You won’t find it easy.
1 we learn in the same way in the
future?
2 This bread is very expensive. People
buy it.
3 She’s always late. She arrive on time.
4 It’s a great book, so I think you
5 they ban cars from the city centre?
6 There are lots of nice people here, so I
be lonely.
2 Write sentences, questions and short answers.
Use will / won’t.
Jaime / not play / in the match / .
Jaime won’t play in the match.
1 tablets / cost / less / in ten years / ?
yes / they / .
2 fossil fuels / run out / in the future / .
3 people / not buy / food from shops / in ten
years / .
4 Dan / win / the race / .
5 food prices / increase / ?
flood
First conditional
3 Choose the correct options.
What do / will we do if the water runs / will run
out?
1 Unless we find / will find other energy sources,
there ’s / ’ll be an energy crisis.
2 Local people complain / will complain if anyone
builds / will build a wind farm here.
enjoy it. 3 If humans become / will become taller, our feet
get / will get bigger too.
4 ‘Do / Will we use less petrol if it gets / will get
more expensive?’ ‘Perhaps we do / will.’
5 People won’t / will buy eco-friendly products
unless they are / will be cheap.
4 Complete the text with the correct form of the
verbs.
Many people say that fossil fuels will run out (run
out). However, scientists predict that the biggest
problem (1) (be) water, not fuel.
If global warming (2) (increase), it
(3) (have) serious consequences. For
example, sea levels (4) (rise), and
it (5) (be) possible to stay in many
towns and villages near the coast. Unless people
(6) (leave), their homes will flood. In
other places, the land is getting drier. These areas
(7) (become) desert if this situation
(8) (continue).
It isn’t too late, but nothing will change unless
we all (9) (take) action. What
(10) (you / do) to help?
drought
People and the planet  Unit 3 95
 4 Vocabulary reference
Money Learn it!
buy (v) /baɪ/ Confusing words
cash (n) /kæʃ / earn (v) /ɜːn/
coins (n) /kɔɪnz/ win (v) /wɪn/
donate (v) /dəʊˈneɪt/
earn (v) /ɜːn/ Functional language
notes (n) /nəʊts/
pay for (v) /ˈpeɪ fɔː(r)/ Paying for something in a shop
pocket money (n) /ˈpɒkɪt ˌmʌni/ Can I pay by card?
prize money (n) /ˈpraɪz ˌmʌni/
save (v) /seɪv/ I’m sorry, we only take cash.
sell (v) /sel /
spend (v) /spend/ There’s a cash machine …
win (v) /wɪn/
That’s … , please.

Verbs and prepositions of movement

Here’s your change / receipt.
climb onto (v) /ˌklaɪm ˈɒntu/
climb up (v) /ˌklaɪm ˈʌp/ I’d like to return this …
crawl under (v) /ˌkrɔːl  ˈʌndə(r)/
dive into (v) /ˌdaɪv ˈɪntuː / Can I have a refund, please?
jump off (v) /ˌdʒʌmp ˈɒf/
jump over (v) /ˌdʒʌmp ˈəʊvə(r)/ Have you got the receipt?
run around (v) /ˌrʌn  əˈraʊnd/
slide down (v) /ˌslaɪd ˈdaʊn/
stand on (v) /ˈstænd ɒn/
swim through (v) /ˌswɪm ˈθruː/
swing across (v) /ˌswɪŋ əˈkrɒs/
walk along (v) /ˌwɔːk əˈlɒŋ/

Weddings
bride (n) /braɪd/
get married (v) /ˌget ˈmærid/
groom (n) /ɡruːm/
ring (n) /rɪŋ/
valuable (adj) /ˈvæljuəbl/
wedding (n) /ˈwedɪŋ/

96 Unit 4  Making it happen 

 4 Vocabulary practice
1 Find five money nouns and eight money verbs in 3 Complete the words in the poster.
the wordsearch.

H T E T C O E G P L A

E S A V E A K W R F H The Monster Mud Run!

J H R I D C K W I N I What’s more fun than a mud run?
Y D N E A O D U Z S W A mud run with monster costumes!
What will I need to do?
N O T E S I L H E P N
•  Crawl under a big net
J Q C E A N S W M E P
•  (1) Run a  some posts
E D O N B S H D O M A •  (2) S  down a very muddy hill

P O C K E T M O N E Y •  (3) D  into a lake

•  (4) Swim t  some water
I N A D H K W A E D F
•  (5) C  over a wall
K A S P U T B U Y S O • (6) J  into a big box of
ping-pong balls
M T H W S P E N D C R

E E G O S E L L P D O

2 Solve the codes to complete the sentences. 4 Complete the words in the newspaper article.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
The best honeymoon
in the world!
Do you have any change for a £20 , People often go on holiday after they get married.
please? note But one couple from Edinburgh are going
1 Who’s going to      our coffees? to do something extraordinary after their 
(1) w  in June. They’re going to visit
30 countries!
2 I didn’t   much    on my mobile
‘It’s so exciting!’ says Jenny, the (2) b   .
phone last month.
‘We’re going to (3) c  up Mount
3 Do you get the same     as Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, (4) w  along
your brother and sister? the Silk Road in China and (5) s  on
4 Would you like to   by    the equator in Ecuador!’
  or in  ? But how are they going to (6) p 
5 How much      can you  f  it? Matthew, the (7) g   ,
  in this competition? says: ‘Every month, we (8) s  25% of
the money that we (9) e  in our jobs.
My parents are going to (10) d  some
money too. Maybe it isn’t a good idea to
(11) s  all our money, but we want to
see the world!’

Making it happen  Unit 4 97

 4 Grammar reference
be going to for future plans and be going to and will for predictions
intentions
Erabilerak
be going to
Baiezkoa
Be going to erabiltzen da kanpoko ebidentzietan,
I’m
behatzen ditugun gertakarietan edo haiei buruz
He’s / She’s / It’s zerbait dakigun gertakarietan oinarritutako
going to pay for the trip.
You’re / We’re / iragarpenak egiteko. Berehalako etorkizunari
They’re buruzko iragarpenak izan ohi dira.
Ebidentzia Iragarpena
Ezezkoa
He’s driving too fast. He’s going to have an
I’m not
accident.
He / She / It isn’t
going to earn any money. Batzuetan, ebidentzia aipatzen dugu edo beste
You / We / They
batzuen atentzioa ematen dugu hari buruz.
aren’t
I didn’t do my homework. My teacher isn’t
going to be happy!
Erantzun laburrak
Look! He’s going to fall off the wall!
Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
will
Yes, he / she / it is. No, he / she / it isn’t. Will erabiltzen dugu pertsona edo egoera
Yes, you / we / they No, you / we / they bati buruz egia dela uste dugun zerbaitetan
are. aren’t. oinarritutako iragarpenak egiteko. Iragarpen
pertsonalagoak dira, eta, askotan, esamolde
Baiezkoa eraikitzeko, be + going to + infinitiboa hauek izaten dituzte: I think, I suppose, I’m sure
erabiltzen dugu. that, I expect that. Berehalako etorkizunari egin
You’re going to buy the shoes. diezaiokete erreferentzia, baina orokorragoak ere
Ezezkoan, not gehitzen dugu be aditzaren izan daitezke.
ondoren. Ahozko hizkuntzan eta testu Pertzepzioa Iragarpena
informaletan, n’t forma kontraktua erabiltzen da.
He’s very clever. I think he’ll pass all his
You aren’t going to buy the shoes.
exams.
Inoiz ez dugu erabiltzen n’t forma kontraktua I’m
formarekin. Etorkizunari buruzko iragarpen negatiboak
I’m not going to sell my camera. (EZ I amn’t) egiten ditugunean, think, suppose eta abarren
Erantzun laburretan, be aditza soilik erabiltzen ezezko forma erabili ohi dugu, eta will aditzaren
dugu, going to gabe. baiezkoa.
‘Is he going to work tomorrow?’ ‘No, he isn’t.’ He hates long films. I don’t think he’ll enjoy
(EZ No, he isn’t going to.) this one. (EZ I think he won’t)
Inoiz ez dira erabiltzen be aditzaren forma
kontraktuak (I’m, you’re, he’s eta abar) baiezko
erantzun laburretan. Future time expressions
‘Are you going to travel by bus?’ ‘Yes, I am.’
(EZ Yes, I’m.) Will eta be going to aditzak dituzten esaldietan
Erabilerak etorkizuneko une jakinei buruz hitz egiteko, honako
Be going to erabiltzen dugu etorkizuneko planei esamolde hauek erabiltzen ditugu: tomorrow, soon,
eta asmoei buruz hitz egiteko. later, then, next (week / month / year).
I’m going to save this money.  Look at that grey sky. It’s going to rain later.
Be going to egitura duten galderek etorkizuneko Who will win Wimbledon next year?
planei eta asmoei buruz galdetzeko balio dute. I’m going to arrive at 7.30 p.m. I’ll see you then.
What are you going to buy?

98 Unit 4  Making it happen 

 4 Grammar practice
be going to for future plans and
intentions
1 Cross out the extra word in the sentences.
I’m not going to buy buying those shoes.
1 How many guests is are going to come to the
wedding?
2 She isn’t doesn’t going to travel by bus.
3 We are is going to have pizza later.
4 Are they are going to buy a new TV tomorrow?
5 I’m not going to not study Maths.
2 Complete the sentences with one word.
We aren’t going to go on holiday next year.
1 ‘Is he going enter the competition?’
‘Yes, he  .’
2 I’m going to spend any money today.
3 ‘ she going to be a doctor?’ ‘No, she isn’t.’
4 ‘Are you to buy that dress?’
‘No, I’m  .’
5 ‘Am I going to be rich?’ ‘  , you aren’t.’
3 Write sentences, questions and short answers
with be going to.
we / walk / along / the beach / .
We’re going to walk along the beach.
1 they / get married / soon / .
2 I / not dive / into / that pool / .
3 you / sell / your computer / ?
4 he / pay / for / our meal / .
5 she / not donate / any money / .
be going to and will for future
predictions
3 Choose the best option.
Spartan
Runner
Next month, Alice Jones
will / is going to run the
Spartan Race. It’s a very
difficult obstacle race.
The runners must swim,
climb, jump, and even
run through fire!
‘It’s never easy,’ says Alice, ‘and I’m sure it
(1) won’t / isn’t going to be any different this year,
but I (2) ’ll / ’m going to train really hard. I’m not
fast, so I know I (3) won’t / ’m not going to win,
but I expect it (4) ’ll / ’s going to be exciting.
Alice usually runs with her sister, Elaine, but this
year, Elaine is pregnant. ‘She (5) ’ll / ’s going to
have her baby soon, so she (6) won’t / isn’t going to
run this year, but maybe she (7) ’ll / ’s going to come
and watch,’ says Alice. ‘Maybe in a few years,
Elaine’s son or daughter (8) will / is going to run in
the Spartan Race too!’
4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
will or be going to.
I’m sure lots of people will go to Jake’s party.
1 I’ve only got €1. I  have enough
money for the bus.
2 Look! She  fall over!
3 Dan usually gets home at six o’clock. I expect
we  see him then.
4 Arsenal is winning 5–0 against Chelsea. Chelsea
lose the match.
5 It didn’t snow this winter. Maybe it
snow next year.
Making it happen  Unit 4 99
 5 Vocabulary reference
Life stages take up a new sport (v) /teɪk ʌp ə ˌnjuː ˈspɔːt/

adult (n) /ˈædʌlt/ text your friends (v) /ˌtekst jə ˈfrendz/

baby (n) /ˈbeɪbi/
child (n) /tʃaɪld/
Talent shows
elderly (adj) /ˈeldəli/
teenager (n) /ˈtiːneɪdʒə(r)/ audition (n) /ɔːˈdɪʃn/
toddler (n) /ˈtɒdlə(r)/ comedian (n) /kəˈmiːdiən/
finalist (n) /ˈfaɪnəlɪst/
buy a house (v) /baɪ ə ˈhaʊs/
judge (n) /dʒʌdʒ/
get a job (v) /ɡet ə ˈdʒɒb/
restriction (n) /rɪˈstrɪkʃn/
get married (v) /get ˈmærid/
go to university (v) /ɡəʊ tə ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/
Learn it!
grow up (v) /ˌɡrəʊ ˈʌp/
Confusing words
have children (v) /ˌhæv ˈtʃɪldrən/
spend money (v) /ˌspend ˈmʌni/
learn to drive (v) /ˌlɜːn tə ˈdraɪv/
spend time (v) /ˌspend ˈtaɪm /
leave home (v) /ˌliːv ˈhəʊm/
move home (v) /ˌmuːv ˈhəʊm/
retire (v) /rɪˈtaɪə(r)/ Functional language
Expressing opinions
Verb phrases What do you think of …?

cook a healthy meal (v) /ˌkʊk ə helθi ˈmiːl/

How do you feel about …?

do well at school (v) /duː ˌwel ət ˈskuːl/

have a lie-in (v) /ˌhæv ə ˈlaɪ(j) ɪn/ Don’t you like …?

have a sleepover (v) /ˌhæv ə ˈsliːpəʊvə/

Personally, … / To be honest, …
help someone (v) /ˌhelp ˈsʌmwʌn /
invite your friends over (v) /ɪnˌvaɪt jə ˈfrendz You’re absolutely right.
əʊvə(r)/
revise for an exam (v) /rɪˌvɑɪz fɔː ən ɪgˈzæm/ That’s a good point.

share a room (with) (v) /ˌʃeə(r) ə ˈruːm wɪð/ I didn’t think much of … / Not much.

spend money on (v) /ˌspend ˈmʌni ɒn/ I agree. / I don’t agree.

spend time (with) (v) /ˌspend ˈtaɪm wɪð/

100 Unit 5  Young and old 

 5 Vocabulary practice
1 Solve the anagrams to find six life stages. Then 4 Follow the maze and find four more words related
write them in order in the table. to talent shows.

Y A R L  Start j u d

B  D T E
B D O d u a e g
i t i o n
d e m o c
G R
U T A E T E i a n f i
L D
A E N
s i l a n
t v a r i
child (0–18 years) Finish y t e
(1) (0–1)
5 Complete the text with the words.
(2) (1–3)
comedian elderly have healthy 
(3) (13–19)
help lie-in adults revise spend
(4) person (19+) teenagers well
(5) person (75+)

2 Which life stage is next? Write words from How to feel good!
exercise 1.
What’s the best way to feel better?
toddler ➞ child Send us your tips!
1 adult ➞ Help someone. I visit my (1)
2 baby ➞ neighbour and cook her a (2)
3 teenager ➞ meal. She appreciates it and I feel great!
4 child ➞ Beth, 14

3 Which experience is each person talking about? Watch funny videos online. My favourite
Match 1–5 with a–f. (3) always make me laugh.

‘When I do this in class, the teacher gets angry Ravi, 16

and takes my phone away!’  f (4) time with your friends. Invite them
1 ‘I stay in bed until 11 a.m. on Saturdays.’  to your house and (5) a sleepover.
2 ‘I stopped working last year. Now I spend my Clara, 13
time doing my favourite things!’ 
(6) for your exams. I feel good
3 ‘I live with my parents now, but next month I’m when I do (7) at school.
going to share a flat with friends.’ 
Tom, 17
4 ‘I was nervous at first, but I now love it. I’m going
to save up to buy a car.’  Have a (8)  ! I feel terrible
when I’m tired. Don’t listen to your parents –
5 ‘All our friends celebrated with us. It was the
(9) need more sleep than
happiest day of my life.’ 
(10) !
a get married d have a lie-in
Holly, 15
b retire e learn to drive
c leave home f text your friends
Young and old  Unit 5 101
 5 Grammar reference
can, can’t, could, couldn’t Comparative and superlative adverbs

can, can’t Adjektiboa Adberbioa Konparaziozkoa Superlatiboa

Gaitasuna I can drive a car. -ly amaitzen diren adberbioak
orainaldian She can’t ride a bike. easy easily more easily the most
Can they cook? than easily
Yes, they can. / No, they can’t.
Adjektiboen forma bera duten adberbioak
Baimena You can get married at the age of 16.
fast fast faster than the fastest
orainaldian We can’t go to the party on Saturday.
Can I have a sleepover? hard hard harder than the hardest
Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. late late later than the latest
could, couldn’t early early earlier than the earliest
Gaitasuna I could walk when I was a year old. Forma irregularrak
iraganean They couldn’t swim last summer. good well better than the best
Could he speak English last year?
bad badly worse than the worst
Yes, he could. / No, he couldn’t.
Baimena I could stay up late at weekends. Erabilerak
iraganean We couldn’t watch TV in our rooms. Adberbioak erabiltzen ditugu ekitzei buruzko
Could you have parties at home? informazio gehiago emateko; adibidez, nola edo
Yes, we could. / No, we couldn’t. noiz gertatu ziren.
Tamsin eats healthily.
Can / can’t eta could / couldn’t formak berbera I got up late.
dira aditzaren pertsona guztietarako. Konparaziozko adberbioak erabiltzen ditugu bi
I / you / he / she / it / they can ride a bike. ekintza konparatzeko.
Can / can’t / could / couldn’t aditzen ondoren, beti Tamsin eats more healthily than me.
erabiltzen da infinitiboa to gabe. I got up later than my brother.
She couldn’t go out. Adberbio superlatiboak erabiltzen ditugu hiru
Erantzun laburretan, can / can’t / could / couldn’t ekintza edo gehiago konparatzeko.
soilik erabiltzen dugu, aditz nagusirik gabe. (Of all my friends) Tamsin eats the most
‘Can you run fast?’ ‘Yes, I can.’ healthily.
(Of everyone in my family) I go to bed the
Erabilerak
latest.
Can / can’t erabiltzen dugu gaitasuna eta baimena
adierazteko orainaldian.
not as … as
allow somebody to / be allowed to
Not as … as egiturak konparaziozkoaren aurkakoa
Batzuetan, allow erabiltzen dugu can aditzaren esan nahi du, hau da, less … than egituraren
ordez baimena deskribatzeko. Allow (somebody to esanahi bera du.
do something) aditzak esan nahi du “baimena eman  I’m not as tall as you. = You’re taller than me. =
(norbaiti zerbait egiteko)”. Arreta baimena ematen I’m less tall than you.
duen pertsonan jartzen da.  France isn’t as big as the USA. = The USA is
 My parents allow me to go out on Saturdays. bigger than France. = France is less big than the
Be allowed to (do something) egiturak esan nahi du USA.
“baimena izan (zerbait egiteko)”. Ez da beharrezkoa
esatea nork ematen duen baimena.
 I’m allowed to use my dad’s computer.

102 Unit 5  Young and old 

 5 Grammar practice
can, can’t, could, couldn’t Comparative and superlative adverbs
1 Choose the correct option. Then tick (✓) the 4 Complete the questions about the talent show
sentences which are about permission. contestants. Then look at the judges’ notes and
Be quiet! I can’t / couldn’t hear the TV!  answer them.

1 Can / Could you have sleepovers when you

were ten?  Reach for the st★r!
2 People can’t / couldn’t send emails in 1990.  Judges’ notes
3 We can / can’t ski. There isn’t any snow.  Contestants
4 I wasn’t at the concert. Mum said I couldn’t/
Mandy Steve Tina
can’t go. 
Singing Beautiful Loud – and OK, but
5 Can / Could women vote in 1900?  voice but a terrible! extremely
2 Write sentences, questions and short answers bit quiet quiet
with can / could (✓) or can’t / couldn’t (✗). Dancing Excellent Not bad Awful
you / drive / until you’re 17 / .  (✗)
You can’t drive until you’re 17. Who sings more beautifully (beautiful): Steve or
1 Grandpa / run marathons / when he was Mandy? Mandy
25 / .  (✓) 1 Which of the three contestants sings
(badly)? 
2 your mum / use / Twitter / ? / No / she / . / (✗) 2 Who sings (quiet)? 
3 Who sings (loud)? 
3 you / see / this film / . / you’re too young /. / (✗) 4 Who dances (well)? 
5 Who dances (badly): Steve or
4 he / wear / trainers / at his last school / ? / Tina? 
Yes / he / .  (✓)
not as … as
5 Rewrite the sentences using not as … as and
the adjectives.
allow somebody to / be allowed to
I’m sadder than I was yesterday. (happy)
3 Choose the correct option in the second sentence I’m not as happy as I was yesterday.
so that it means the same as the first sentence. 1 A phone is cheaper than a laptop. (expensive)
Our Maths teacher says we can use calculators.
Our Maths teacher allows us / is allowed to use 2 He’s shorter than his brother. (tall)
calculators.
1 Mum said I could go to the party. 3 Running is safer than rock climbing. (dangerous)
Mum allowed/ was allowed me to go to the party.
2 Does the café say that dogs can enter? 4 Cats are quieter than dogs. (noisy)
Are the café allowed / Does the café allow dogs
to enter? 5 The film will be worse than the book. (good)
3 My parents said I couldn’t have a pet.
I didn’t allow me / wasn’t allowed to have a pet.
Young and old  Unit 5 103
 6 Vocabulary reference
Jobs A dangerous job
astronomer (n) /əˈstrɒnəmə(r)/ cure (n) /kjʊə(r)/
computer programmer (n) /kəmˈpjuːtə hunter (n) /ˈhʌntə(r)/
ˌprəʊɡræmə(r)/ poison (n) /ˈpɔɪzn/
dairy farmer(n) /ˈdeəri ˌfɑːmə(r)/ tracks (n) /træks/
fashion buyer (n) /ˈfæʃn ˌbaɪə(r)/ tribe (n) /traɪb/
film producer (n) /ˈfɪlm prəˌdjuːsə(r)/

Learn it!
fire fighter (n) /ˈfaɪəfaɪtə(r)/
journalist (n) /ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst / been and gone
pilot (n) /ˈpaɪlət/ I’ve been to Rome. /aɪv ˈbɪn tə ˌrəʊm/
radio DJ (n) /ˌreɪdiəʊ ˈdiː dʒeɪ/
sales assistant (n) /seɪlz əˈsɪstənt / He’s gone to Rome. /hiːz ˈɡɒn tə ˌrəʊm/

vet(n) /vet/
yoga instructor (n) /ˈjəʊɡə ɪnˌstrʌktə(r)/ Functional language
Talking about work experience
Why do you want to apply for this job?
Holidays
be ill (v) /bi ɪl/ Have you ever worked as a …?
buy souvenirs (v) /baɪ ˌsuːvəˈnɪəz/
Have you got any experience of …?
explore a new place (v) /ɪkˈsplɔː(r) ə njuː ˌpleɪs/
Can you …?
forget your tickets / passport (v) /fəˌɡet jə ˈtɪkɪts /
ˈpɑːspɔːt / Do you like …?
get sunburnt (v) /ˌɡet ˈsʌnbɜːnd/
go abroad (v) /ˌɡəʊ əˈbrɔːd/ I can … / I’m good at …
have an accident (v) /ˌhæv ən ˈæksɪdənt /

I’m calm / energetic / positive / relaxed.

lose your suitcase (v) /ˌluːz jə ˈsuːtkeɪs/

meet new people (v) /ˌmiːt njuː ˈpiːpl /

miss a flight (v) /ˌmɪs ə ˈflaɪt/

send a postcard (v) /ˌsend ə ˈpəʊstkɑːd/

104 Unit 6  Work and play 

 6 Vocabulary practice
1 Complete the puzzle. Then reorder the green I got really sunburnt at the beach. Ouch!
letters and find the mystery job. (Use the picture 1 They lost my and I didn’t have
to help you!) anything to wear!
If you want to work outside with animals, this 2 I love buying  . In Turkey, I bought a
job is for you. small carpet and a pair of sandals.
d a i r y f a r m e r 3 Mum won some money in a competition so
we’ve decided to go for our holiday
1 If you’re interested in stars and planets, this
this year.
person will tell you about them.
4 I arrived at the airport late and I missed my

 .
2 If you love the idea of flying planes, this job will 5 The first thing I do is a new place
make you happy. and decide where the best places are.

3 Find the letters with the same colours. Put them
3 If you like listening to music all day, you’ll enjoy
in order to make words.
this job.
  DJ C I E T U E K E T

4 If you want to learn to relax and get fit, this

P T O A B S R N S
person will teach you.
yoga H R N U R C R O I
5 If you love animals and aren’t scared of blood,
you’ll be good at this job. red = cure yellow =
nurse green = purple =
6 If you enjoy writing and reporting events, you’ll blue =
do well in this job.
4 Choose the correct option (a–c).

A … raises cows for meat and milk.
The mystery job is  . a  dairy farmer
b  fashion buyer
c  events organiser
1 Are you going to … abroad this summer?
a get   b  go  c  have
2 … live in remote parts of the rainforest.
a  Tracks  b  Tribes  c  Cures
3 Will you … me a postcard?
a  forget  b  lose  c  send
2 Write the missing vowels. Then complete the
4 I’m good at ICT, so I’d like to be a … .
sentences (1–5).
a  computer programmer
b  fire fighter
sunburnt  br     d
c  sales assistant
s     tc   s   xpl   r    5 Be careful on your bike. Don’t … an accident.
a  get  b  have  c  be
fl   ght s     v   n   rs

Work and play  Unit 6 105

 6 Grammar reference
Present perfect Erabilerak
Present perfect erabiltzen da iraganeko
Baiezkoa esperientziei eta gertakariei buruz hitz egiteko,
horik noiz gertatu ziren zehazki esan gabe.
I’ve / You’ve / We’ve / They’ve
eaten. I’ve been to England.
He’s / She’s / It’s
Halaber, present perfect erabiltzen da iraganean
Ezezkoa hasi ziren eta gaur egun jarraitzen duten
gertakariak deskribatzeko. Iragan hurbilari egin
I / You / We / They haven’t ohi diote erreferentzia.
eaten.
He / She / It hasn’t He’s started working as a journalist.
been and gone
Galderazkoa
Go aditzak iraganeko partizipioaren bi forma ditu,
Have I / you / we / they been eta gone, eta esanahi desberdinak dituzte.
eaten?
Has he / she / it Ella has gone on holiday. She isn’t here.
(= Joan zen, eta oraindik ere kanpoan da.)
Erantzun laburrak Ella has been on holiday but she’s back now.
Yes, I / you / we / they have. (= Joan zen, baina itzuli da.)
Yes, he / she / it has. Oharra: been da baita ere be aditzaren iraganeko
No, I / you / we / they haven’t. partizipioa.
No, he / she / it hasn’t.

Have + iraganeko partizipioa egiturarekin

eraikitzen da present perfect forma.
I have finished my homework. Present perfect with ever and never
The rain has stopped.
Ever eta never erabiltzen ditugu present perfect
Ahozkoan eta testu informaletan, forma
kontraktuak erabiltzen dira (’s / ’ve / haven’t / formarekin esperientziei buruz hitz egiteko.
hasn’t). Askotan, ever erabiltzen da esperientziei buruzko
I’ve seen this film. galderetan. “Noizbait, orain arte” esan nahi du.
He hasn’t arrived.
  Have you ever ridden a camel?
Galderazkoan, have / has jartzen dira
Era berean, ever gehitu ohi da baiezko esaldietan,
subjektuaren aurrean.
Have you done your homework? superlatiboaren ondoren askotan.
(EZ You have done your homework?)   This is the best concert I’ve ever been to.
Erantzun laburretan, have aditza soilik erabiltzen Izan EZ ditugun esperientziei buruz hitz egiteko,
dugu, iraganeko partizipiorik gabe. never erabiltzen dugu present perfect formaren
‘Have you spoken to Tina?’ ‘No, I haven’t.’
baiezkoarekin.
(EZ No, I haven’t spoken).
 I’ve never seen a giraffe.
Ez dugu have aditzaren forma kontraktua
erabiltzen baiezko erantzun laburretan.
Yes, I have. (EZ Yes, I’ve.)
Aditz erregularren iraganeko partizipioa -ed
amaitzen da, past simple formarena bezala.
played  visited  shouted
Aditz askok iraganeko partizipioaren forma
irregularrak dituzte. Askotan (baina ez beti) past
simple formakoen bestelakoak dira.
do ➞ done  see ➞ seen  hear ➞ heard
Kontsultatu 120. orrian agertzen den zerrenda.

106 Unit 6  Work and play 

 6 Grammar practice
Present perfect 2 Complete the present perfect questions
and short answers.
1 What has happened? Look at the pictures and
Has Tony met (meet) his penfriend?
complete the sentences with the correct form of
No, he hasn’t.
have and the past participles.
1 Bethan (write)
bought cut finished had passed won her essay?
Yes, she  .
He hasn’t finished 2 you and Mum
painting the wall. (have) breakfast?
Yes, we  .
3 you (see) Gone
with the Wind?
No, I  .
1 She 4 it (stop) snowing?
the match. No, it  .
5 they (be) married
for a long time?
No, they  .

2 He 
his finger. Present perfect with ever
and never
3 Complete the dialogue with ever or never.
Ann Do you travel a lot?
3 They  Bill No, I don’t. In fact, I’ve never been
their exams. abroad.
Ann Really? Have you (1) been
to London?
Bill No, I haven’t. The longest distance
that I’ve (2) travelled is to
4 She  a Manchester, 50 kilometres from my
new car. home town.
Ann Have you (3) had a
passport?
Bill No, I haven’t – I’ve (4)
needed one.
5 They  Ann Have you (5) wanted to
an accident. travel?
Bill Not really. I’ve seen the world –
on TV!

Work and play  Unit 6 107

 7 Vocabulary reference
Wild nature Learn it!
attack (v) /əˈtæk/ False friends
bite (v) /baɪt/ argue (v) /ˈɑːɡjuː/
chase (v) /tʃeɪs/ have an argument (n) /ˌhəv æn ˈɑːɡjumənt/
defend (v) /dɪˈfend/
fight (v) /faɪt  / discuss (v) /dɪˈskʌs/
hit (v) /hɪt/
kick (v) /kɪk/ Functional language
pull(v) /pʊl/
push (v) /pʊʃ/ Talking about a new sport
run away (v) /rʌn əˈweɪ/ Have you tried … before?
stand still (v) /stænd ˈstɪl/
sting (v) /stɪŋ/ Do you want to have a go?
throw (v) /θrəʊ/
Rules
First of all, … / Secondly, … / Finally, …
Adjectives
afraid (adj) /əˈfreɪd/ You must(n’t) / should(n’t) / have (got) to …
brave (adj) /breɪv/
clever (adj) /ˈklevə(r)/ Do you have to …?
embarrassed (adj) /ɪmˈbærəst/
friendly (adj) /ˈfrendli/ Can I wear …?
helpful (adj) /ˈhelpfl/
impatient (adj) /ɪmˈpeɪʃnt/
patient (adj) /ˈpeɪʃnt/
polite (adj) /pəˈlaɪt/
rude (adj) /ruːd/
serious (adj) /ˈsɪəriəs/
shy (adj) /ʃaɪ/
worried (adj) /ˈwʌrid/

Habitat
branch (n) /brɑːntʃ/
ground(n) /ɡraʊnd/
leaf / leaves (n) /liːf/ /liːvz/
roots (n) /ruːts/

108 Unit 7  In the wild 

 7 Vocabulary practice
1 Label the pictures with the verbs in the box. 3 Solve the anagrams and label the picture.

bite chase hit push sting throw
arenbchs aeeslv
dguron osrot

hit 1  branches

2  3  4 Complete the crossword.
1  2 
L E A V E S

3 

4 

4  5  5 

2 Match 1–5 with a–f. 6 

Oh, no! I can’t find my purse. All my money is in

it – and my house keys.  f
7 
1 I’m doing a parachute jump today. I’m afraid of
heights and I hate flying, but I’m still going to
do it. 
2 When I got to school yesterday, I realised my Across
T-shirt was on back to front! My friends laughed 1 The … of those trees turn brown in autumn.
at me.  3 He didn’t say thank you. He’s so … !
3 I don’t know anyone here and I’m too afraid to 6 Everyone was very … , so I didn’t feel lonely.
talk to anyone.  7 Thank you for cleaning the kitchen. That was
4 The teacher said the exam was very difficult, very … of you.
but I got 100%!  Down
5 Where’s my burger? I ordered it ten minutes ago. 2 I’m really … of snakes.
I want it now!  4 Why didn’t you … me when those boys tried to
a brave d impatient attack me?
b clever e shy 5 My brothers … a lot. They don’t like sharing their
c embarrassed f worried toys with each other.

In the wild  Unit 7 109

 7 Grammar reference
Modals: should / shouldn’t and Modal: have (got) to + infinitive
must / mustn’t
Baiezkoa

Baiezkoa I / You / We / They have (got) to

go.
I / You / He / She / should stand still. He / She / It has (got) to
It / We / They must run.
Ezezkoa

Ezezkoa don’t have to

I / You / We / They
I / You / He / She / shouldn’t stand still. haven’t got to
go.
It / We / They mustn’t run. doesn’t have to
He / She / It
hasn’t got to
Galderazkoa
I / you / he / she / Galderazkoa
Should help?
it / we / they Do have to
I / you / we / they
Have got to
Erantzun laburrak go?
Does have to
Yes, I / you / he / she / should. he / she / It
Has got to
No, it / we / they shouldn’t.
Erantzun laburrak (have to)
Should, shouldn’t, must eta mustn’t aditz
modalek forma berbera dute aditzaren pertsona Yes, you do. No, you don’t.
guztietarako. Infinitiboa to gabe egiturarekin Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
erabiltzen dira.
He should help. (EZ He should to help.) Erantzun laburrak (have got to)
I mustn’t go to bed late. (EZ I mustn’t to go) Yes, we have. No, we haven’t.
Erabilerak Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t.
Should erabiltzen da aholkuak eta iritziak
emateko, zerbait egitea zuzena dela esateko. Erabilerak
‘I’m tired.’ ‘You should go to bed early tonight.’ Have / has to + infinitiboa erabiltzen dugu
Askotan, should erabiltzen dugu I think / I don’t betebeharrak deskribatzeko. Ahozko hizkuntzan
think esamoldeekin. eta testu informaletan, have / has got to +
I don’t think children should have TVs in their infinitiboa erabiltzen dugu askotan.
bedrooms. Must eta have (got) to aditzek ia gauza bera
I think you should apply for that job. esan nahi dute. Must erabili ohi dugu hizlariak
Ezezko forma, shouldn’t, erabiltzen dugu zerbait beharrezkotzat jotzen dituen gauzei buruz hitz
egitea ona ez dela adierazteko. egiteko. Have (got) to + infinitiboa erabiltzen dugu
You shouldn’t drink too much cola. zerbait beharrezkoa denean gertakari edo arau bat
Galderak erabiltzen ditugu shouldn’t aditzarekin delako, eta ez dago gure iritziaren menpe.
norbaiti iritzi edo aholku bat eskatzeko. We have (got) to wear a uniform to school.
What should I do? Ezezkoa erabiltzen da beharrezkoak ez diren eta
Must erabiltzen dugu betebehar irmo bat nahitaezkoak ez diren gauzei buruz hitz egiteko.
deskribatzeko, zerbait funtsezkoa dela You don’t have to get up early – it’s Saturday.
adierazteko. Must sendoagoa da should baino. Oharra: don’t have to / haven’t got to egiturek EZ
You must be quiet during the exam. dute mustn’t egituraren esanahi bera.
Ezezko forma, mustn’t, erabiltzen dugu zerbait mustn’t = debekatuta dago
debekatuta dagoela esateko, edo hori ez egitea don’t have to / haven’t got to = ez da beharrezkoa.
funtsezkoa dela adierazteko. Have to egitura duten galderetan, do / does
People mustn’t leave food around. laguntzailea erabiltzen da galderak eta erantzun
Must ez da erabiltzen galderetan. laburrak osatzeko.
Have got to egitura duten galderetan, have / has
laguntzailea erabiltzen da galderak eta erantzun
110 Unit 7  In the wild 
laburrak osatzeko.
 7 Grammar practice
Modals: should / shouldn’t and Modal: have (got ) to + infinitive
must / mustn’t 3 Ben is going on a safari holiday and he wants some
information. Write his questions with have to.
1 Look at the signs. Complete the sentences with
should, shouldn’t, must or mustn’t. I / bring / a camera / ?
3
Do I have to bring a camera?
1
2
! 1 we / wear / walking boots / ?

If you drive Stand on 2 who / prepare / the food / ?

fast, you the left
won’t see of the
3 all the people in the group / sleep / in a tent / ?
NO the animals! escalator.
PARKING
5
4 4 we / take / anti-malaria medicine / ?
Please give up your
NO seat to the elderly
5 I / buy / a local SIM card for my phone / ?
BALL passengers.

GAMES
4 Look at the information leaflet and complete
the answers to the questions in exercise 3 using
1 You park here. have to.
2 You drive fast.
3 You
4 You
stand on the left.
play ball games here.
Samson’s Safaris: FAQs
5 You give up your seat to
Where will I
elderly passengers.  sleep?
In a tent with other members
of the tour group.
2 Complete the sentences, questions and short Who cooks the
answers with should, shouldn’t, must or mustn’t  food?
A chef will prepare all the
meals.
and the correct form of the bold verbs.
What do I A camera, walking boots
It’s necessary for you to wait here. need to bring? and a local SIM card.
You must wait here.
Is there a risk
1 ‘Is it a good idea for me to call Mark?’ ‘No, it isn’t.’ d of malaria?
No.
‘ I Mark?’
‘No, you  .’ You have to bring a camera.
2 It’s essential that we don’t arrive late. 1 You wear walking boots.
We late. 2 A chef prepare all the food.
3 I recommend that you watch this TV show. You cook.
You this TV show. 3 All the people in the group
4 It isn’t good for people to eat a lot of sugar. sleep in a tent.
People a lot of sugar. 4 You take anti-malaria
5 It’s essential that you buy a ticket. medicine.
You a ticket. 5 You buy a local SIM card.

In the wild  Unit 7 111

 8 Vocabulary reference
Everyday things Neighbourhoods
central heating (n) /ˌsentrəl  ˈhiːtɪŋ/ community (n) /kəˈmjuːnəti/
deodorant (n) /diˈəʊdərənt/ neighbourhood (n) /ˈneɪbəhʊd/
duvet (n) /ˈduːveɪ/ relatives (n) /ˈrelətɪvz/
fridge (n) /frɪdʒ/ rural (adj) /ˈrʊərəl /
hair dryer (n) /ˈheədraɪə(r)/ urban (adj) /ˈɜːbən/
the internet(n) /ðə ˈɪntənet/
microwave (n) /ˈmaɪkrəweɪv/ Learn it!
mirror (n) /ˈmɪrə(r)/
phone charger (n) /ˌfəʊn ˈtʃɑːdʒə(r)/ False friends
shampoo (n) /ʃæmˈpuː/ parent (n) /ˈpeərənt/
shower gel (n) /ˈʃaʊə dʒel/ relative (n) /ˈrelətɪv/
smart phone (n) /ˈsmɑːtfəʊn/
washing machine (n) /ˈwɒʃɪŋ məˌʃiːn/ Functional language
Making compromises and polite requests
TV programmes
Could I / you …?
chat show (n) /ˈtʃæt ʃəʊ/
cookery programme (n) /ˈkʊkəri ˌprəʊɡræm/ Not right now.

crime series (n) /ˈkraɪm ˌsɪəriːz/ I won’t be long.

makeover show (n) /ˈmeɪkəʊvə ˌʃəʊ/
news programme (n) /ˈnjuːz ˌprəʊɡræm/ I’ll do it later / now.

quiz show (n) /ˈkwɪz ʃəʊ/ You always say that.

reality TV show (n) /riˈæləti ˌtiː ˈviː ʃəʊ/
I promise.
sitcom (n) /ˈsɪtkɒm/
soap opera (n) /ˈsəʊp ɒprə/ What’s so important?
sports programme (n) /ˈspɔːts ˌprəʊɡræm/
That’s not fair!
travel show (n) /ˈtrævl ʃəʊ/
wildlife programme (n) /ˈwaɪldlaɪf ˌprəʊɡræm/ It’s a deal.

112 Unit 8  Home comforts 

 8 Vocabulary practice
1 Complete the words with a, e, i, o or u. 3 Complete the sentences with the words.

communities neighbourhood relatives
rural urban

I can’t go out on Saturday. My mum has invited

some relatives over.
1 My uncle lives in a village, so he
needs a car.
2 London is a cosmopolitan city, with
fridge 1  m   rr   r of many different nationalities.
3 This is a good place to live
because it’s got good transport connections.
4 Air pollution can be a problem in
areas.

4 Complete the words.

2  d   v   t 3 
sh   w   r g   l
My favourite
programme ever
What’s your favourite TV programme of all
time? Write and tell us!

Coronation Street – it’s a soap opera about

a (1) c  of people who live in an
(2) u  street in the north of
4  m   cr   w   v  5 
sh   mp     England. My grandma watched it on her
2 Write every second letter to complete the types black and white TV in 1960. Now I can watch
of TV programme. it on my (3) s  p   !
Lottie, 14
HNIEOWPSE
news programme The classic 1990s (4) s  Friends.
1 JTORPAAVIEYLN When I feel ill, I lie in bed under a big
(5) d  and watch it on the
show
(6) i   . It’s the best medicine!
2 RSPILTICOOSMU
Jo, 15

3 AMEATKYEMOXVTEIRK Masterchef. It’s the best (7) c 
p  on TV. The recipes always look
show
amazing but they aren’t always complicated.
4 RCIHGALTS
Last week, someone made a cake in a
show
(8) m   .
5 OWRITLODILAIDFSEP
Adam, 17
programme

Home comforts  Unit 8 113

 8 Grammar reference
Indefinite pronouns Erabilerak
Inexact quantities
Baiezkoa Ezezkoa eta Some erabiltzen dugu baiezko esaldietan izen
galderazkoa pluralekin edo izen zenbakaitzekin, kantitate bat
Pertsona somebody / anybody / anyone zehaztu nahi ez badugu. Any erabiltzen dugu
someone galderazkoan.
Gauza something anything I need to buy some apples and some water.
Are there any apples?
Lekua somewhere anywhere Have you got any water?
Zero quantity
Erabilerak
Any erabiltzen da ezezko esaldietan izen
Izenordain mugagabeak erabiltzen ditugu gauzei,
pluralekin edo izen zenbakaitzekin, zero
pertsonei eta lekuei buruz hitz egiteko, zer
kantitatea deskribatzeko.
diren edo nor diren zehazki esan gabe. Izenak
I didn’t buy any apples. There isn’t any water.
ordezkatzen dituzte.
There’s somebody (a person) in the kitchen. Large quantities
I haven’t seen anything (a thing). A lot of erabiltzen dugu baiezkoan eta
Do you want to go anywhere (to a place)? galderazkoan kantitate handiak deskribatzeko
edo horiei buruz galdetzeko. Izen pluralekin eta
Some motako izenordain mugagabeak erabiltzen
izen zenbakaitzekin erabiltzen da.
ditugu baiezkoan.
I eat a lot of apples.
There’s someone I’d like you to meet.
There’s a lot of water.
I want to go somewhere hot.
Do you eat a lot of apples?
Any motako izenordainak erabiltzen ditugu Do we have a lot of water?
ezezkoan eta galderazkoan.
Small quantities
I haven’t had anything to eat.
Is anybody here? A lot of erabiltzen da ezezkoan izen pluralekin
eta izen zenbakaitzekin, kantitate txikiak
Izenordain mugagabea esaldiaren subjektua
deskribatzeko.
denean, aditza singularrean jartzen da.
I don’t eat a lot of apples.
Someone is at the door.
There isn’t a lot of water.
Does anyone want to go to the cinema?
Many eta much erabil daitezke a lot of egituraren
ordez ezezkoan. Esanahia berbera da. Many
erabiltzen da izen pluralekin, eta much, izen
Quantifiers: some, any, a lot of, much,
zenbakaitzekin.
many, (not) enough I don’t eat many apples.
There isn’t much water.
Izen Izen Baiezkoan eta galderazkoan, enough erabiltzen
zenbakarriak zenbakaitzak da nahikoa den kantitate bat deskribatzeko edo
pluralean hari buruz galdetzeko. Izen zenbakarriekin eta
zenbakaitzekin erabiltzen da.
Baiezkoa There are some / There is some /
I eat enough apples.
a lot of good a lot of water in
There’s enough water.
shows on TV. the bottle.
Do we eat enough apples?
Ezezkoa There aren’t There isn’t any / Have we got enough water?
any / many / a much / a lot of
Enough gehitzen da ezezko esaldietan nahikoa ez
lot of sitcoms. information.
den kantitate bati buruz hitz egiteko.
Galderazkoa How many CDs How much rice I don’t eat enough apples. (zenbakarria)
have you got? is there? There isn’t enough water. (zenbakaitza)
Have you got Have you got Asking about quantities
any / a lot of / any / a lot of / How many eta How much egiturekin galderak
enough CDs? enough time? erabiltzen ditugu kantitateei buruz galdetzeko.
How many apples are there?
How much water is there?
114 Unit 8  Home comforts 
 8 Grammar practice
Indefinite pronouns Quantifiers: some, any, a lot of, much,
1 Match 1–5 with a–f. many, (not) enough
I’ve lost my watch. Has f 3 Choose the correct options to complete the
1 I’m bored. I haven’t got dialogue.
2 Ibiza is A Hello, I’m phoning about the room. I’d like to ask
3 I’m thirsty. Is there some / any questions. Firstly, (1) is / are there
4 In Hollywood, I met (2) any / many central heating?
5 A fridge is B Yes, there (3) is / are. There are (4) some / any
a something which keeps food cold. electric fans too.

b anything to do. A OK. And how noisy is the area? (5) Is / Are there
a lot of traffic?
c somewhere I’d like to visit.
B No, there isn’t. It’s very quiet. Have you got
d anything to drink?
(6) any / much other questions? Why don’t you
e someone famous.
come and see the room?
f anybody seen it?
4 Jessica is organising a barbecue for fifteen
2 Complete the indefinite pronouns with some or people. Look at the picture and complete the
any.
questions with the words in the box.
A Are you going anywhere this summer
B I hope so! I want to go somewhere warm.
1 A Do you want  thing to eat?
B No, thanks. I had  thing to eat earlier.
2 A T
 he post office is going to deliver a parcel
today. Will  one be at home in the
any any enough many much
morning?
B Y
 es, there’ll be  body at home between Are there any sausages?
10 and 11 a.m. 1 How paper cups are there?
3 A I haven’t got  thing to wear to the party! 2 How lemonade is there?
We have to wear  thing gold. 3 Is there vegetarian food?
B I know  where you can buy gold hats – 4 Is there cola for fifteen people?
the party shop in the High Street.
4 A Has  one seen my hole punch?
5 Choose the correct options to complete the
answers to the questions in exercise 4.
B What’s that?
A It’s  thing which makes holes in paper. Yes, there are. There are a lot of / a few
5 A I’m looking for packets of sausages.
 one to help me organise
a surprise party for Jenny’s birthday. Can 1 Only ten, so there aren’t enough / any.
 one bake a cake? 2 There isn’t much / is a lot of lemonade.
B I can. Shall I make  thing with chocolate 3 Yes, there’s a little / a lot of salad.
or fruit? 4 Yes, there’s a lot of / much cola.
A Chocolate, definitely!

Home comforts  Unit 8 115

 9 Vocabulary reference
Street furniture Functional language
bench (n) /bentʃ/ Organising a party
bike rack (n) /ˈbaɪk ræk/ Asking for help
bin (n) /bɪn/ Who’s going to / wants to / can …?
bus stop (n) /ˈbʌs stɒp/
fence (n) /fens/ Can anyone …?
pavement (n) /ˈpeɪvmənt/
pedestrian crossing (n) /pəˌdestriən ˈkrɒsɪŋ / Offering to help
Can I do anything?
phone box (n) /ˈfəʊn bɒks/
postbox (n) /ˈpəʊstbɒks/ I’ll help with …
steps (n) /steps/
street light (n) /ˈstriːt laɪt/ Other
We haven’t forgotten anything, have we?
Kitchen objects
I’m in charge of …
egg cup (n) /ˈeɡ kʌp/
fork (n) /fɔːk/ That’s a big help. / That’s really kind of you.
jug (n) /dʒʌɡ/
kettle (n) /ˈketl/ It’s all under control.
knife (n) (knives) /naɪf/ /naɪvz/
mug (n) /mʌɡ/ There’s a lot to do.
plate (n) /pleɪt/
spoon (n) /spuːn/
timer (n) /ˈtaɪmə(r)/
tin opener (n) /ˈtɪn əʊpnə(r)/
toaster (n) /ˈtəʊstə(r)/

Light and colour

brilliant (adj) /ˈbrɪliənt/
change (v) /tʃeɪndʒ/
giant (adj) /ˈdʒaɪənt/
illuminate (v) /ɪˈluːmɪneɪt/
large-scale (adj)/ˈlɑːdʒ skeɪl/
light up (v) /laɪt ʌp/
transform (v) /trænsˈfɔːm/
vivid (adj) /ˈvɪvɪd/

116 Unit 9  Bright ideas 

 9 Vocabulary practice
1 Label the picture.

1 2

bus stop

7
6

2 Solve the anagrams to make six words for things 4 Correct the bold words using words from Unit 9.
in the home. You use a fork to cut food.  knife
GPEGCU  egg cup 1 You can cross a road safely at a bike rack. 
1 SOTREAT 
2 TTKELE  2 You wait for a bus at a post box. 
3 MRTEI 
4 EATPL  3 Where’s the toaster? I want to boil some water. 
5 NIT ERONEP 
4 This street is very dark at night. We need more
3 Match the words which have similar meanings. benches. 
5 The Tyrannosaurus Rex was a very small
brilliant dinosaur. 
large-scale
6 Our rabbit jumped over the pavement
and went into our neighbours’ garden. 
1 change light up

2 giant transform

3 illuminate vivid

Bright ideas  Unit 9 117

 9 Grammar reference
Reflexive pronouns Question tags

Singularra Esaldiaren amaieran egiten diren galdera laburrak

I myself dira question tags galderak.
you yourself Horiek osatzeko, aditzaren laguntzailea eta
esaldiaren zati nagusiko subjektu izenordaina
he himself erabiltzen ditugu. Laguntzailea baiezkoan badago
she herself esaldi nagusian, ezezkoan jarriko dugu galdera
it itself erretorikoan, eta alderantziz.
Plurala Esaldi nagusia Question tag
we ourselves You don’t like milk, do you?
you yourselves They have left, haven’t they?
they themselves He is running, isn’t he?
Aditz modalak eta be aditza aditz laguntzaileen
Erabilerak modu berean erabiltzen dira.
Askotan, izenordain bihurkaria erabiltzen dugu We can sit here, can’t we?
aditzaren objektu gisa, subjektua eta objektua This is your phone, isn’t it?
pertsona bera direnean.
Esaldiak present simple edo past simple aditz bat
I taught myself Italian.
badu baiezkoan, do aditzari dagokion ezezkoa
Did you hurt yourself?
erabiliko dugu galdera erretorikoan.
Hauek dira izenordain bihurkariekin gehien You speak French, don’t you?
erabiltzen diren aditzak: behave, cut, enjoy, find, He arrived very late, didn’t he?
dry, hurt, help, introduce, prepare, teach.
Erabilerak
Nolanahi ere, bihurkariak askoz ere gutxiago Galdera erretorikoak erabiltzen ditugu zerbait
erabiltzen dira hizkuntza erromanikoetan baino, egia dela egiaztatzeko, edo gure solaskidea ados
hala nola gaztelanian, katalanean, frantsesean dagoela baieztatzeko.
eta italieran baino. Askotan, ez da beharrezkoa ‘Your name’s Sophie, isn’t it?’ ‘Yes, that’s right.’
izenordain bihurkaria erabiltzea ingelesez, nahiz
Galdera hauek ahozko hizkuntzan erabiltzen dira,
eta ekintza subjektuari berari eragiten dion
eta, batzuetan, baita testu informaletan ere.
zerbait izan.
clean your teeth
(EZ clean yourself your teeth)
get dressed (EZ get yourself dressed)
Batzuetan, izenordain bihurkaria erabiltzen
dugu enfasia jartzeko, subjektuak ekintza
independenteki egin duela adierazteko, beste
batzuen laguntzarik gabe, alegia. Kasu horretan,
izenordaina ez da aditzaren objektua; aldiz, haren
atzean jartzen da.
He wrote the poem himself.
We made the cake ourselves.

118 Unit 9  Bright ideas 

 9 Grammar practice
Reflexive pronouns
1 Complete the reflexive pronouns with self or
selves.
We found ourselves in a dark forest and we
didn’t have a torch.
1 Is your finger OK, Luke? Did you cut your   ?
2 My dad made this bench him   .
3 I’ve put the food on the table so that you and
your friends can help your   .
4 No one had cooked dinner so I did it my   .
5 The lights turn them  off automatically.
2 Choose the correct option.
I get up /get myself up at half past seven.
1 She didn’t have skiing lessons. She taught /
taught herself .
2 Did your parents enjoy / enjoy themselves in
New York?
3 Let me introduce / introduce myself . I’m Penny.
4 Wash / Wash yourself your hands before eating.
5 Please help / help yourselves to spaghetti.
3 Complete the email with the reflexive pronouns.
herself (x2) himself myself ourselves (x2)
Hi Ellie
I’m in Amsterdam with my family and we’re really
enjoying ourselves!
We’re staying on a canal boat! It’s small, but we
haven’t had any big arguments and my brother
is behaving (1)  . But there was one
incident: my sister fell into the canal! Fortunately,
she didn’t hurt (2) and we all laughed
about it after she’d dried (3) and had a
cup of tea!
The boat has got a small kitchen so we can buy food
and cook it (4)
 . I taught (5)
some Dutch before the trip and it’s fun to use it at
the market.
See you soon,
Lara
Question tags
4 Choose the correct option (a–c).
1 It’ll be cold in Canada, …
a  will it? b  won’t it? c  won’t we?
2 Your brother plays the saxophone, …
a  don’t you? b  don’t he? c  doesn’t he?
3 We mustn’t wear jeans to school, …
a  do we? b  must we? c  mustn’t we?
4 Maite and Elena didn’t call you, …
a  did they? b  do they? c  didn’t they?
5 She’s forgotten her coat, …
a  isn’t she? b  hasn’t she? c  haven’t she?
6 You aren’t laughing at me, …
a  is you? b  aren’t you? c  are you?
5 Complete the dialogue with the question tags.
can we  didn’t he  doesn’t he  is he  isn’t he
won’t they
Eva Harry phoned you, didn’t he?
Dan Yes, he did.
Eva He isn’t coming with us to the concert,
(1)  ?
Dan No. He says he’s got a headache.
Eva I’m so angry! Harry always changes his plans,
(2)  ?
Dan But maybe it’s true. We can’t be angry with
him for having a headache, (3)  ?
Eva Well, I don’t believe him. He’s probably playing
Civilisation 6 with Ben, (4)  ? If he
does this all the time, people will stop inviting
him to go out, (5)  ?
Bright ideas  Unit 9 119