Running head: MAPPING ADDIE TO HANNAFIN AND PECK 1

Mapping ADDIE to Hannafin and Peck

Jonathan Watts

California State University, Monterey Bay

May 29, 2018

IST 626 Advanced Instructional Design

Dr. Jeanne Farrington

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Mapping ADDIE to Hannafin and Peck

ADDIE is probably the most referenced instructional design model, serving as the

basis for other iterations of design models with similar outcomes and intents. Flexible and

adaptive, ADDIE is more of a baseline or checklist of essential components as opposed to a

prescriptive instructional design model. These same essential components, derived from the

ADDIE acronym, can be found in most instructional design models in one way or another. While

the Anaylsis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) steps appear in

this sequential order on the surface, in reality and implementation, each instructional design

scenario uniquely requires the flexibility to often visit and revisit each step in an order that fits

the project needs. Using ADDIE as a basis to compare other instructional design models can be a

useful method of ensuring the important aspects of a learning scenario are covered and can help

identify any gaps that may exist in other instructional design models.

Different instructional design models are frequently created and adapted to fit specific

learning scenarios. For example, some models are designed specifically for rapid prototype

development, while others are designed with e-learning or intentional integration of technology

in mind. When deciding on an instructional design model, one may choose a simplistic linear

design for quick development, or another more complex and cyclical design for a more in-depth

series of learning scenarios. Whatever the design choice, elements of ADDIE persist throughout

and the framework itself still holds weight when used as an evaluative tool.

Hannafin and Peck and ADDIE

One of the more simplistic instructional design models that still reflects the important

considerations of ADDIE is the Hannafin and Peck model. This three-phase model essentially

combined two of the five steps of ADDIE, Development and Implementation, and incorporated
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Evaluation throughout the entire design process as opposed to a culminating step at the

conclusion as is apparent in ADDIE (Figure 1). Outside the theoretical domain of interpreting an

instructional model based solely on the order of its linearly listed steps, though, many designers’

interpretations of ADDIE would likely include evaluation and revision throughout the process, as

well.

Figure 1. Hannafin and Peck ID Model (Pryor, 2018)

Taken at face value, though, and for the use of comparing instructional design models,

ADDIE is a somewhat linear framework, starting with analysis and ending with evaluation. It

can be said that ADDIE “doesn’t require rigid protocols in any particular order,” (Farrington,

2014) but at the same, using the steps of ADDIE in any arbitrary order does not necessarily make

logical sense. In most design scenarios, for example, implementing something that you haven’t

yet designed or developed may prove quite difficult. This may be a valid reason for the creation
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of so many instructional design models, which all include the essential steps that comprise

ADDIE, but often elaborate more in terms of their specific use cases and recommended order.

Similar to ADDIE, the Hannafin and Peck model begins with analysis, and then moves

through a design phase, followed by a combined development and implementation phase.

Whereas with ADDIE, “there is no original, fully elaborated model,” but “just an umbrella term

that refers to a family of models that share a common underlying structure,” (Molenda, 2015)

Hannafin and Peck elaborated on each phase through the purposeful inclusion of evaluation and

revision; In their model, evaluation is not placed at the end as a final step, but as a key

component of each phase for reviewing every element within the design process.

Hannafin and Peck, ADDIE, and Evaluation

Although seemingly innocuous, Hannafin and Peck’s integration of Evaluation and

Revision throughout each phase of their instructional model portrays a significant difference in

the intent behind its design. When applied to online learning, for example, or learning including

technology, evaluation and revision isn’t simply a culminating assessment of learning and

overall program effectiveness. An important part of evaluation is also taking into consideration

the instructional tools, technologies, and strategies involved. Expanding the design phase of

Hannafin and Peck’s model (Figure 2) displays the detail that can be articulated through

including an evaluative description of how each step of the design phase will be reviewed,

revisited, or justified.
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Figure 2. Expanded Design Phase (Diah, Ismail, Mazliana, Hamid, and Ahmad, 2012)

Conclusion

Although research specifically mentioning and describing the Hannafin and Peck model

on its own seems to be lacking significantly, references to the model are more plentiful in studies

involving the integration of technology in learning. In part, it seems, its affiliation with

technology in education is due to this integration of evaluation and revision at every stop.

Although many interpretations of ADDIE would include steps of revision along the way, with

subject matter experts or pilot testing leading to a revision in design or implementation, Hannafin

and Peck’s model makes this step front and center. Their continual evaluation and revision of all

aspects in the design process make it a significant contribution to the ever-growing pool of

instructional design models based off ADDIE.

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References

Farrington, J. (2014). My Good Friend ADDIE. Retrieved May 25, 2018, from J. Farrington

Consulting website: http://www.jfarrington.com/2013/11/my-good-friend-addie/

Mat Diah, N., Ismail, M., Hamid, P.M.A., Ahmad, S. (2012). A Development of a Computer-

Assisted Software (AJaW) That Encourages Jawi Writing for Children. Education. Vol 2

(5) 130-135.

Molenda, M. (2003). In Search of the Elusive ADDIE Model [PDF]. Retrieved from

https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.library2.csumb.edu:2248/doi/full/10.1002/pfi.21461

Nordin, N., Mohd, N., Isa, Zakaria, E., Embi, M.A. (2012). Development and Evaluation of

Webquest for the Science Subject. International Journal of Learning, Vol 18 (5).

Pryor, R.L. (2018). Hannafin Peck Design Model [GIF]. Retrieved from

http://mathcs.wilkes.edu/~rpryor/ed589/hpdesign.html