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Fabric heat loss is through walls, windows, floor and roof and any other material where there is a
temperature difference.
Q = ‘U’ . A . dt
Where:
Q = Heat transfer (Watts)
‘U’ = ‘U’ value (W/m2degC)
A = Cross sectional area of wall (m2)
dt = Temperature difference between inside & outside (degC)
Example 4
Q = ‘U’ . A . dt
Q = 3.0 x 6.0 x 2.5 x ( 20 - - 2 )
Q = 3.0 x 15.0 x 22
Q = 990 Watts
Example 5
Q = ‘U’ . A . dt
Q = 0.317 x 15.0 x 22
Q = 104.6 Watts
Example 6
The ‘U’ value for the blockwork in the wall is 0.317 W/m2 oC
The ‘U’ value for the double-glazed window is 2.8 W/m2 oC.
Q = ‘U’ . A . dt
Q = 2.8 x 2.0 x 22
Q = 123.20 Watts
Q = 0.317 x 13 x 22
Q = 90.66 Watts
Finally calculate the total heat loss
Example 8
Calculate the total heat loss from the building shown below i.e. the fabric and ventilation losses.
Rectangular Building dimensions : 6.0 metres long x 3.0 metres wide x 2.5 metres high.
The window size is 2.0 m long x 1.0 m high.
The air change rate due to natural ventilation is 2 air changes per hour.
It is normal to ignore the door without glazing and add it into the wall area in most calculations although
for very accurate methods the door could be calculated separately.
Q = ‘U’ . A . dt
Q total = heat loss window + heat loss blockwork + heat loss floor + heat loss roof + ventilation heat loss
It can be seen from the above calculations that the ventilation heat loss accounts for:
( 673.2 / 1690.28) x 100 = 40% of the total heat loss for the building.
It is therefore important to establish an accurate figure for the air change rate and
to minimise unnecessary infiltration and exfiltration in buildings.
Example 9
Calculate the total heat loss from the building shown below.
Workshop
DATA:
Building dimensions : 15.0 metres long x 7.0 metres wide x 5.0 metres high to eaves.
Roof ridge height is 7.5 metres.
The four identical window sizes are 1.8 m long x 0.6 m high.
The air change rate due to mechanical and natural ventilation is 3 air changes per hour.
Note: The design internal temperature for the building in this example is 200C.
Q = ‘U’ . A . dt
Q total = heat loss window + heat loss blockwork + heat loss floor + heat loss roof + ventilation heat loss
It can be seen from the above calculations that the ventilation heat loss accounts for:
( 14,726.3 / 18,793.3) x 100 = 78% of the total heat loss for the building.
If the mechanical ventilation is not continuous then this air change rate of 3 AC/h may be reduced, thus
saving on heating equipment sizes.
Heat Loss Comparison
A useful comparison for heat losses is to calculate the heat loss per m3 air volume.
Some typical approximate values of heat loss per m3 for buildings are shown below:
Heat Loss
Room
W/m3
Modern house 8 to 20