Rogationist College

High School Department

SY 2009-2010

SOME FACTORS THAT AFFECTS SOLUBILITY

By: Pillerva, Allan B.

Quilo, Lucille Mae T.
Sunga, Jerold Chester D.
Toledo, Kristin Elisha P.
Tolosa, Aila Arielle S.
III – ST. GREGORY

ABSTRACT

This experiment aims for what was to determine the effects of temperature
and nature of the solute and solvent on the solubility of a substance. The effect of
temperature on solubility was determined using sucrose, water and alcohol lamp.
Several numbers of grams of sucrose was added to water and was heated in 50° C.
Nature of the solute and solvent on the solubility of a substance determined how the
nature of solute and solvent affects solubility using salt, sugar and iodine as the solutes
and water, ethyl alcohol and isopropyl as the solvents. Solute was added to the solvents
(one solvent on one solute). The students thought that with the nature of the solute and
solvent, the higher the polarity of the solvent, the higher the solubility of the solute while
with temperature, the higher the heat of the solvent, the higher the solubility of the
solute.

INTRODUCTION

In our daily lives we may notice many substances that dissolves in certain
liquids; these dissolving changes have two factors that affect solubility, effects of
temperature and the nature of solute and solvent on solubility. Effects of temperature
refer to how the temperature affects the dissolving of the solute from the solvent. The
nature of solute and solvent on solubility refers to some solutes doesn’t dissolves totally
to some solvents in terms of solubility and polar events. The maximum amount of solute
that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature to form a
saturated solution is called solubility. Polar solvent dissolves polar solute while a non
polar solvent dissolves non polar solute.
The objective of this activity is to determine the effects of temperature
and the nature of solute and solvent on solubility. In this experiment we can see the how
a solute dissolves through a certain process and affects the factor of solubility.
METHODS AND PROCEDURE

A.) EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE

A 10mL of distilled water was poured in a beaker and its temperature was
measured and recorded. 2 grams of sugar (C12H22011) was added to water (H20). While
the solution is being added with the glass rod, the portion of sugar was being added
until no sugar was saturated. The total amount of sugar added was recorded. At 50° C,
the beaker with the saturated sugar was heated and stirred with the stirring rod and the
flame has been regulated so that the flame or the heat of the alcohol lamp will remain
the same and I continuously added 2 gram portions of sugar until no more sugar can be
dissolved. The beaker was left to a cool room and was observed afterwards.

B.) Nature of Solute and Solvent

The test tubes were labeled from 1 to 3. 0.1g each salt (NaCl) had been
put to test tube 1. Sugar (C12H22011) of the same amount as the salt had been put to test
tube 2 and Iodine (I2) of the same amount as the salt and sugar had been put to test
tube 3. 3mL of distilled water was added to each test tube. To allow the solids to
dissolve the test tube was shaken. Each test tube was observed and noted whether it is
soluble, slightly soluble and insoluble in water, the first 3 steps was repeated but this
time ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) and Isopropyl alcohol ((CH3)2CO). The observation was
recorded.

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

A. EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE

1.) Initial temperature of distilled water t1 =28° C

2.) Mass of sugar (C12H22O11) m1 dissolved at t2 =16g
3.) Additional mass of m2 sugar dissolved at t2 = 50°C = 2g
4.) Total mass of sugar ( m1 + m2) dissolved at t2 = 18g
5.) Observations on cooled sugar solution: other portions of sugar are seen
afterwards.

Sugar (C12H22O11) was gradually added to water (H20) in several portions

so that it is easy to know how many grams of sugar can be dissolved in a 10 mL water
at normal temperature. Furthermore, when water was heated it was easier to dissolve
sugar than on the initial temperature. Also sugar can be dissolved in heated water more
than at its normal temperature.
 B. NATURE OF SOLVENT AND SOLUTE

Solute Solvent
Water Ethyl Alcohol Isopropyl Alcohol
(H20) (C2H5OH) ((CH3)2CO)
Salt (NaCl) Soluble Insoluble Slightly Soluble

Sugar (C12H22011) Soluble Insoluble Slightly Soluble

Iodine (I2) Insoluble Slightly Soluble Insoluble

Based on the table above, Salt (NaCl) and sugar (C12H22011) dissolves in
water (H20) while Iodine (I2) did not but on the other solvents, Ethyl Alcohol (C2H5OH)
and Isopropyl Alcohol ((CH3)2CO), salt and sugar slightly dissolves or it doesn’t dissolve
at all same as on Iodine. While the polar solvents, water and isopropyl alcohol dissolves
polar solutes such as salt and sugar, nonpolar solvents like ethyl alcohol dissolves
nonpolar solutes like Iodine.

CONCLUSION

Based on the experiment one of the factors that affects solubility is

temperature. When the solvent is at a high temperature it is easier for the solute to de
dissolve but when the solvent is in a normal temperature it takes a longer time for the
solute to be dissolved. As for the other experiment, some solutes dissolves on polar
solvents while they are insoluble in non-polar and vice versa on other solutes. “Like
dissolves like” means that when a solute is not compatible with each other they will not
react and when they are compatible to solute it helps each other to dissolve easily.

REFERENCES

Pili, Adora S., 2002, Science in Today’s World Chemistry Textbook III. Sibs Publishing
House

Pili, Adora S., 2002, Science in Today's World Chemistry Laboratory Manual III. Sibs
Publishing House.