Republic Act 1425 –Rizal law; mandates the teaching of the life, o Liberals – sustained for the continuous
for the continuous expansion of the
works and writings of Rizal in all schools in the counties.
Senator Jose P. Laurel – sponsored the Rizal Law; according to him
Rizal is the founder of Filipino nationality and the architect of the
Filipino nation.
 Filipino youth will be able to gain incorruptible confidence,
direction, courage, determination to move forward in our
people’s journey towards an abundant life.
Historian Renato Constantino – it was Americans who were
responsible for endorsing him as PH national hero.
Historian Teodoro Agoncillo – Rizal (symbol of assimilation)
 Rizal’s name was one of the passwords of the secret
society which swore to fight for the country’s freedom.
December 20, Emilio December
1989 Aguinaldo 30
 December 30 – the anniversary of Rizal’s execution at
Bagumbayan
- a day of mourning for Rizal and other victims of the PH
Revolution.
Morga – Sucesos en las Islas Filipinas annoted by Rizal in 1890 to
correct Spanish misinterpretations in the book written by Antonio
Morga
Act No. 243 of the Philippine Commission – monument in Luneta
 One province, Rizal Province, was named in his honor by
virtue of Act No. 137 of the Philippine Commission
Guerrero – Rizal was the first Filipino; It was Rizal who first called the
Philippines his fatherland.
 Rizal was the first exponent of Asian nationalism
Fisher – called Rizal as the Pioneer Exponent of Liberal Democracy
in Asia.
Nationalism – is a sense of loyalty or psychological attachment
members of a nation share, based on a common language, history,
culture, and desire for independence.
George Washington – leader (American Revolution)
Two major Revolutions:
1. American revolution of 1776
2. French Revolution of 1789
The ideology of the French Revolution – Liberty, Fraternity and
Equality – had influenced subject peoples to cast off the yoke of
colonialism by means of armed uprising.
The principal ideas of liberalism – liberty and equality – were first
realized successfully in the American Revolution and then achieved
in part in the French Revolution.
Democracy was non-existent in the Philippines in the 19th century.
Industrial Revolution – transformation of manufacturing brought
about by the invention and use of machines.
Negative Effect: Unfair Labor Practice
community
o Socialists – asserts that the government as to control vital
industries and resources.
o Communists – suggests that all factors of production be owned
and controlled by the government
o Catholic church – calls for humane treatment of workers,
respect for workers’ right, and social justice to the poor.
Counties wealth – measured in its stock of gold and silver
Encomienda system – Filipinos lost their ancestral lands
Governor-General – appointed by the Spanish monarch and was the
head of the Spanish colonial government in the country
Vice Royal Patron – could nominate priests for ecclesiastical
administration of the parishes.
- Commander in chief of the colonial army
Actos acordados – laws enacted by the governor-general
Alcadias – the province during the Spanish Regime
Alcalde mayor – head of the alcadias; exercised executive and
judicial functions
 The provincial government was the most corrupt unit in
local government.
Indulto de commercio – owing to the privilege to engage in and
monopolize trade
Each town was headed by a gobernadorcillo or town mayor.
Barangays – smallest unit of government
Cabeza de barangay – maintenance of peace and order and the
collection
Ayuntamiento – the city government during the Spanish Regime
 Ayuntamiento was governed by a cabildo or city council
composed of a city mayor
 City mayor : alcalde en ordinario
 Councillors : regidores
 Chief Constable : Aguacil mayor
 Secretary : escribano
Friars – supervising representative of the Spanish government for all
local affairs.
Frailocracia – the friars became more powerful and influential that
even civil authorities feared them.
Guardia Civil – corps of native police under the leadership of Spanish
officers
Filibusteros – enemies of government
Erehes – enemies of the Catholic Church
 Judicial power of the government was vested on the
Audiencia Real, the Supreme Court during those times and
the lower courts.
Two territorial audiencias:
1. Courts of first instance
2. Justice of the peace courts
Cosequence of encomienda System : feudalistic

Polo y servicio – forced labor to the government and the Catholic

Church

Doctrine of limpieza de sangre – purity of blood; a social ranking was

created in our society during the Spanish Regime.

Peninsulares
Insulares

Spanish mestizos
Principalia
Chinese mestizo

Indios or Natives

Educational Decree of 1863 – required the establishment of one

elementary school for boys and girls in each town in the PH