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MEC 291: Mechanics and Material Lab
EXPERIMENT 7
1.0 Objective
2.0 Introduction
In this laboratory we will investigate the kinematics of some simple mechanisms used to
convert rotary motion into oscillating linear motion and vice-versa. This bench top unit
demonstrates the conversion of smooth rotary motion into reciprocating motion. The input
angle is set on a ball bearing mounted crank disc and read off on an angle measuring scale
integrated into the base plate. Crank radius and connecting rod length can both be adjusted,
each have three positions. The simple insertion of a bolt enables the swiveling cylinder to be
locked, thus a crank drive with either a fixed or oscillating cylinder can be demonstrated.
3.0 Apparatus
Connecting Rod
Piston
Crank
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MEC 291: Mechanics and Material Lab
4.0 Theory
Translation:
Translation occurs if every line segment on the body remains parallel to its original direction
during the motion. When all points move along straight lines, the motion is called rectilinear
translation. When the paths of motion are curved lines, the motion is called curvilinear
translation.
In this case, all the particles of the body, except those on the axis of rotation, move along
circular paths in planes perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
In this case, the body undergoes both translation and rotation. Translation occurs within a
plane and rotation occurs about an axis perpendicular to this plane.
From theory,
5.0 Procedure
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MEC 291: Mechanics and Material Lab
vi. Use one end of the piston as the marker to measure the piston movement.
vii. For accurate result, take small increment of the piston readings.
viii. Rotate the crank and record the corresponding piston movement.
ix. Take reading for every 5 degrees of the crank rotation.
x. Record the readings in table provided.
6.0 Result
Crank radius = mm
From the data in the Table above, plot the displacement diagram using Excel
Spreadsheet.
Using the ‘Add Trend’ option, plot the trend curve and obtain the equation for the
Experimental data.
Differentiate the trend displacement equation obtained from the trend velocity and
trend acceleration equation.
Describe the type of displacement the piston undergoes as the crank rotates.
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MEC 291: Mechanics and Material Lab
7.0 Discussion
8.0 Conclusion
9.0 References
List all the references that you have made during the course of your finding.
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MEC 291: Mechanics and Material Lab
EXPERIMENT 8
FLYWHEEL APPARATUS
1.0 Objective
To determine the mass moment of inertia of the flywheel (assuming frictionless bearing).
2.0 Introduction
By using this apparatus, basic experiments on uniformly accelerated angular motion can be
performed. A flywheel mounted in ball bearings is placed in motion by a weight attached to a pulley.
The inertia of the flywheel can be determined from the fall time of the weight.
3.0 Apparatus
Flywheel
4.0 Theory
2 P force T torque
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MEC 291: Mechanics and Material Lab
v=r*ω θ = ω0 t + ½ α t2
s = s0 t + ½ a t 2 ω = ω0 + α t
v = v0 + a t
Energy Equation
ω = ω0 + α t
ω=αt
s = h = ½ a t2 1 m = mass in kg
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MEC 291: Mechanics and Material Lab
ω = (2*h)/(r*t)
substitute in equation 1
I = m r2 { [(gt2)/(2h)] -1}
5.0 Procedure
6.0 Result
Mass of the flywheel, Mf = 15.04 kg
Thickness of flywheel, tf = 40 mm
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MEC 291: Mechanics and Material Lab
(since the pulley is small, assume tension in the cord equals the load on the hanger)
Table 1
Average Average
Load Time Time Load Time Time
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MEC 291: Mechanics and Material Lab
Table 2
Distance
Mass on torque travelled Average Time
hanger, m =
W/g by Torque Load
kg h, (m) t, (sec)
Table 3
kg-m2 kg-m2
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MEC 291: Mechanics and Material Lab
7.0 Discussion
i) Draw the free body diagram and kinetic diagram for the flywheel and weight.
ii) Compare and discuss the result of the mass moment of inertia of the flywheel
apparatus using theoretical equation and compared to the measurement in the
experiments.
8.0 Conclusion
9.0 References
List all the references that you have made during the course of your finding.
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MEC 291: Mechanics and Material Lab
EXPERIMENT 9
1.1 Objective
To compare the mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle arrangement for different lifting
pulley diameter.
2.1 Introduction
The wheel and axle is a simple machine which consists of two or more circular objects
connected by a shaft. When the axle turns, the wheels connected to the axle are also turn. The
mechanical advantage can be investigated by the relationship between the force and distance
inputted and outputted by the wheel and axle. This is directly related to the radius of the
wheel and axle.
3.1 Apparatus
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MEC 291: Mechanics and Material Lab
4.1 Theory
The Figure 1 above shows the arrangement of a set of pulleys. They are anchored to the
frame by means of a shaft. The aluminium pulley with the largest diameter is the wheel
pulley. The remaining pulleys are used as lifting pulley. The wheel pulley has a diameter of
100 mm while the lifting pulleys have diameter 25 mm, 50 mm and 75 mm.
The mechanical advantage of this system can be determined by plotting the graph of load
lifted verses effort load
5.0 Procedure
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MEC 291: Mechanics and Material Lab
ix) Increase the load on the lifting hanger and repeat step 6 to 9 for at least 5 load
increments.
x) Remove all loads on both pulleys.
xi) Choose another lifting pulley and repeat the experiment.
6.0 Results
(N) (N)
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MEC 291: Mechanics and Material Lab
(N) (N)
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MEC 291: Mechanics and Material Lab
(N) (N)
Using the data in Table1, Table 2 and Table3, plot the graph of Load Lifted versus Effort
Load.
Obtain the slope of each graph passing through zero intercept. This represents the
average mechanical advantage of the system.
7.1 Discussion
8.1 Conclusion
9.1 References
List all the references that you have made during the course of your finding.
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