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Biodiversity makes an important role in making goodness of annual rainfall is 364 mm. The total area of sanctuary is 104.45
human beings and maintain all things which are required to sq/km. The sanctuary plateau is characterized by scattered
ecosystem balance. Biodiversity balances the food web, CO2 flat topped trap hillocks, plains and valleys. The species were
sequestration, nutrient cycling and livelihood of human being1. observed and identified with the help of local of villages in the
Globally, 25 terrestrial biodiversity hot spot with 9 leading hot forest area and forest guards. Quadrates of 10m x 10m for
spots have been identified2. The leading hot spot are richer in trees and 5m x 5m for shrubs were laid. The un-identified plants
endemics than other hot spots. The total forest cover, which were collected and a herbarium sheet was prepared and
includes dense forest, open forest and mangroves, is estimated identified with the help of local floras. The prepared herbarium
to be 692,027 km2. This constitutes 21.05% of the country's sheet was then submitted to DFO of Jashpur forest division.
geographic area3. The state of Chhattisgarh has the distinguish Finally, plants were documented of following their botanical
identity in the nation for having 44% of forest cover of the total name, family, habits, local name, parts use and uses of the
geographical area, and much floristic and cultural diversity individual plants.
which bear numerous woody perennials and ground flora. The
The woody floral diversity of Badal Khole Sanctuary could be
forest type of Chhattisgarh is tropical moist and tropical dry
divided into the following:
deciduous which bears a lot of ground flora and fauna too.
Sanctuaries are the forest area which reserves the valuable 1. Woody plants in Sal forest: Pure Sal forest is found in
growing stock and useful perennial woody plants4. the central zone of the sanctuary. The area is almost plain
and rich in vegetation. The common woody plants found in
MATERIALS AND METHODS
this forest are Shorea robusta, Terminalia tomentosa,
The present study was conducted during winter season of 2010-
Diospyros melonoxylon, Mallotus philippensis, Terminalia
2012 in the Badal Khale Sanctuary of Chhattisgarh. The
arjuna, Buchanania lanzon, semecorpus anacordium,
sanctuary is situated in Jashpur district of northern hill region
anogeissus layifolia, Hadina cordifolia etc.
of Chhattisgarh and situated between 220 17' and 230 15' North
latitude and 830 30' and 840 24' East longitude. It has an average 2. Bamboo and Teak forest: Bamboo and teak forest are
elevation of 2593m above sea level. The climate of the area is found in Rajpur and Kurhatipna, which are the forest villages.
tropical with temperature is ranging from 350C to 12.40C and Dendrocalamus strictus and Tectona grandis, pure plantation
Biodiversity of Woody Perennial Flora in Badal Khole Sanctuary (218)
Saja Terminalia alata Combretaceae Tree Bark , Leaves Anemia, Loose motions.
Heyne ex Roth
Arjun Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae Tree Bark , Leaves Useful in fractures, ulcers,
Roxb. diabetes, internal and external
hemorrhages.
Bahera Terminalia bellirica Combretaceae Tree Fruits Useful in anemia, Leucoderma,
(Gaerth.) Roxb. Narcotic, digestive.
Harra Terminalia chebula Combretaceae Tree Bark, Fruits Useful in Tridosa, neuropathy and
Retz. general debility.
Jamun Syzygium cumini Tree Seeds Useful in diabetes and
(L.) Skeels Myrtaceae strengthening the teeth.
Table-2. Plant species distribution according to their family is found separately in the area. But among these plantation
some species occurs are Shorea robusta, Lagerstromea
S/N Family Number of species
1 Poaceae 1 palviflora.
2 Moraceae 4
3. Woody plants in mixed forest of valleys: This type of
3 Euphorbiaceae 4
4 Verbenaceae 3 vegetation is found in Dumerpani, Katla, Gailanga, Bachram
5 Ebenaceae 2 and Kharhgown forest villages. The sal loses its dominance in
6 Lythraceae 7 the forest and grows associated with species like Terminalia
7 Lecythidaceae 1
tomentosa, Emblica officinalis, Anogeissus layifolia, Albezia
8 Myrtaceae 1
9 Combretaceae 5 lebback, Lagerstromea palviflora, Buchanania lanzon, Bridelia
10 Mimosaceae 6 retusa, Cassia fistula, Madruca indica etc.
11 Caesalpiniaceae 8
12 Fabaceae 6 4. Woody plants in mixed forest of open areas: In open
13 Anacardiaceae 5 areas mixed forest of tropical dry deciduous nature occur. The
14 Rhamnaceae 3 most common species of this forest are Madhuca indica, Butea
15 Meliaceae 3
monosperma, Anogeissus layifolia, Aegle marmelos,
16 Burseraceae 2
17 Rutaceae 2 Lagerstromea palviflora, Acacia nilotica, Zyziphus zuzuba,
18 Bombaceae 1 Lantana camara, Mallotus philippensis, Clistanthus collinus
19 Dipterocarpaceae 2 etc.
20 Annonaceae 2
21 Dilleniaceae 1 5. Woody plants in Scrub forest: The sanctuary consists of
compartment no. 350, 351, 352, 353, 346, 347, and 348 which
Table-3. Distribution of plants as per their habit
come under the east zone of the sanctuary. The east zone
S/N Habit Number of plant species Distribution (%) exposed steep hill slopes and ridges, where drier condition
1 Tree 57 82.60
2 Shrub 10 14.49
prevails scrub vegetation. The vegetation occurs in this area
3 Climber 2 2.89 are like Mallotus philippensis, Aegle marmelos, Boswellia
4 Total 69 100.00
(221) Toppo, Raj and Harshlata
serrata, Ficus carica, Ficus tinctoria, Hadina cordifolia, monosperma, Cassia fistula, Emblica officinalis, Buchnania
Dendrocalamus strictus, Carissa opeca, Lagerstromea lanzen, Albizia odoratisima etc. indicate deciduous habitat.
palviflora etc. Climber like Bauhinia vahlii, Asparagus racaemosus, Gardinia
tergida, Gardinia gummifera, Woodfordia fruiticosa etc. trees
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
like Terminalia tomentosa, Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia
The study area did not show uniform distribution of tree, shrubs chebula, Caryota urens, Shorea robusta, Ougenia oojensis,
and climbers. A total number of 69 plant species belonging to Syzigum cumini, Diospyrus melonoxylon, Pterocarpus
varied families (21) with different habits were recorded (Table- 1). marsupium, Ficus glumrata, Semecarpus anacardium etc.
Out of these plants species, shrubs (10), climbers (2) and indicates moist deciduous habitat. Documentation is a first
trees (57) were noticed. Maximum plant species were recorded step to follow the next step of conserving the biological resource
for Caesalpiniaceae family. Observed plant species with their including flora and fauna. Vegetation of a specified ecosystem
local name, botanical name, family, habit, part use and their leads to and regulates the process of sustainability of the
uses are listed in Table-1. Table-2 shows the family wise ecosystem. Diversity of plants includes their presence and
distributions of plants and Table-3, the number of different habits habit in specific ecological area. Tropical moist area includes
is given. rich species diversity. Further, information of plant diversity is
On the basis of the present finding, it is concluded that the needed for the study of dynamic nature of vegetation under
sanctuary is enriched with various plants of different habits, specific eco-environment situation.
and the knowledge about the plant species is essential for ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
assessing them, though further strategy is needed to conserve The authors are thankful to the DFO, Arun Pandey of Jashpur
them. This study indicates their rich diversity, followed by district and SDO, A.K. Mishra of Badalkhole sanctuary. The
various habits (shrubs, climbers and trees) due to suitable authors are also thankful to local people and villages for their
climatic condition as well as their survival capacity in the co-operation and assistance during the visit of sanctuary.
sanctuary. In the sanctuary, tree species are mostly seen as
they cover a larger part of the area (57 species of 82.60%),
REFERENCES
and are closely followed by shrubs species (10 species of
1. Jhariya, M. K. and Raj, A., (2014). Agrobios Newsletter.
14.49%) and climber (2 species of 2.89%), the least of them
12(9): 89-91.
all.Further, trees were found to dominant moist deciduous and
dry deciduous in plain and river valley habitat. The shrubs and 2. Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., Fonseca,
climbers dominated the hedges and rock crevices. The trees G. A. B. and Kent, K. (2000). Nature., 403: 853.
act as indicators of their habitat. The trees like Acacia catechu, [doi:10.1038/35002501].
Zizyphus mauritiana, Caryota urens, Aegle marmelos, 3. Forest survey of India (2001). In: State of Forest Report.
Helicteres isora, Acacia leulophloea and Phoenix acadis MOEF, Dehradun.
indicated scrub forest. Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia tomentosa, 4. NWD (National Wildlife Database) (2012). In: Database
Pterocarpus marsupium, Syzigum cummini, Ficus glumrata on Protected Areas in India. Wildlife Institute of India,
indicates presence of water source nearby. Tree like Coreya Dehradun.
arborea, Bridilia retusa, Caryota urens, Boswelia serrata, Butea