Notes 1st Year Chemistry

Notes 1st year chemistry
Short Questions & MCQs
Volume 2(chapter No: 7-11
Prepared By:
Sir Imtiaz Munir
Tameer-e-naw Academy
Chapter No: 7
Thermochemistry
Short Questions:.
Q.No. 1 Define Thermochemistry.
Ans: Page No.01(Vol-2)
Q.No. 2 Define Heat o Reaction.
Ans: Page No. 01 (Vol-2)
Q.No. 3 Diff B/W Exothermic and endothermic Reaction.
Ans: Page No. 01-02 (vol-2)
Q.No. 4 What is spontaneous reaction? Example.
Ans: Page No. 03(vol-2)
Q.No. 5 What is non-spontaneous reaction? Example.
Ans: Page no. 03 (vol-2)
Q.No. 6 Define system and surrounding.
Ans: Page no. 04 (vol-2)
Q.No. 7 Define energy. Write its units.
Q.No. 8 Define calorie.
Q.No. 9 Define joule.
Q.No. 10 Diff B/W heat and temp.
Q.No. 11 Relationship B/w heat and temperature.
Q.No. 12 Define specific heat.
Q.No. 13 Diff B/w state and state function.
Q.No. 14 Diff B/w initial and final state of system.
Q.No. 15 Define internal energy.
Q.No. 16 Prove that ∆∈= 𝑞 u
Ans: Page No.11 (Vol-2)
Q.No. 17 Define first law of thermodynamics.
Q.No. 18 What is enthalpy?
Q.No. 19 Define standard enthalpy of reaction. Give example.
Q.No. 20 Define standard enthalpy of formation. Give example.
Q.No. 21 Define standard enthalpy of atomization.
Ans: Page No.14-15(Vol-2)
Q.No. 22 Define standard enthalpy of neutralization.
Q.No. 23 Neutralization of strong acid with strong base always remains constant.
Ans: The enthalpy when one mole of liquid water is formed from its components ions under
standard condition is called △H0n. All the strong acids and bases give equal amount of H+ and
OH- ions. So their enthalpy of neutralization is always remain constant.
Q.No. 24 Define standard enthalpy of combustion.
Q.No. 25 Standard enthalpy of sultion.
Q.No. 26 Draw and label the diagram of glass.
Q.No. 27 Draw and label the diagram of bomb calorimeter.
Q.No. 28 What is thermochernical equation? Give example.
Q.No. 29 Define first law of thermochemistry.
Q.No. 30 Define hess’s law.
Q.No. 31 Define lattice energy. Give example.
Q.No. 32 Define and draw Born-Haber cycle.
Q.No. 33 State direct route of Born Haber cycle.
Chapter No. 8
Chemical Equilibrium
Short Questions:.
Q.No. 1 Define irreversible reaction.
Q.No. 2 Define reversible reaction.
Q.No. 3 What is chemical equilibrium?
Q.No. 4 Two possibilities of equilibrium.
Q.No. 5 Define law of mas action.
Q.No. 6 Define equilibrium constant.
Q.No. 7 Application of equilibrium constant.
Q.No. 8 How direction of reaction is find?
Q.No. 9 How we find extent of reaction by Kc?
Q.No. 10 Define Le-chatelier’s principal. Give example.
Example: If Kcl is added to a solution of kco3 the reaction moves in backward direction to re-
attain the equilirum.
Kclo3⇌k++ clo-3
kcl⇌k++cl-
Q.No. 11 What is ionic product of water?
Q.No. 12 What is pkw?
Q.No. 13 Define PH and POH.
Q.No. 14 PH + POH= 14
Q.No. 15 What is ionization constant of an acid?
Q.No. 16 Uses of Ka.
Q.No. 17 What is % ionization of an acid?
Q.No. 18 What is ionization constant of base?
Q.No. 19 PKa and PKb.
Q.No. 20 What is acid and base according to lowry Bronsted concept?
Q.No. 21 Relationship Between PKa and PKb?
Q.No. 22 What is common ion effect?
Q.No. 23 What are buffer solutions?
Q.No. 24 Properties of buffer solutions.
Q.No. 25 Difference between acidic and basic buffers.
Q.No.26 Why do we need buffer solutions?
Q.No. 27 What is Henderson’s Equations?
Q.No. 28 Write down the factors which effect the PH of buffer solutions.
Q.No. 29 Define the buffer capacity.
Q.No. 30 What is solubility product?
Q.No.31 How we predict the precipitation by solubility product?
Q.No. 32 Explain the effect of common ion on solubility.
Q.No. 33 The change of temperature disturb both equilibrium position and equilibrium sonstant
of a reaction.
Q.No. 34 How does the change of pressure change the equilibrium position in synthesis of
ammonia?
Q.No. 35 Give optimum conditions to get maximum % yield of NH3.
Q.No. 36 What is the relationship between Kc and Kp and when does kc become equal to kp?
Ans: kp=kc(RT)∆n
R= General Gas constant, T= absolute temperature
When ∆n=0 kc=kp
When ∆n≠0 kc ≠kp
∆n=0 the kp=kc(RT)0
Kp=kc
∆n= No of moles product –No of moles of reactant
Q.No. 37 What will be the effect of increase of pressure on the decomposition of pcl5?
Ans: Pcl5⇌pcl3+cl2
Kc for this reaction is as follows:
The volume factor is present in denominator. The reason is that no of moles of product are
greater than those of reactant so increase in pressure will decrease x to keep the value of kc
constant and pressure is pushed to backward direction. The equilibrium position is disturbed
but not the value of kc.
Q.No. 38 Name tow applications of solubility product.
Ans: (1) Ag2cro4
(2) Pbcl2
Q.No. 39 Give the physical significance of kf and kb.
Ans: By knowing the values of molal boiling point constant and molal freezing point constant.
We can find the change in colligative properties due to different concentration of solute or
using in electroliyte solute.
Kb for water is 0.25 cmol-1
Kf for water is 1.86 cmol-1
Q.No. 40 Define the catalyst.
Chapter No. 9
Solutions
Short Questions:
Q.No. 1 What is phase?
Q.No. 2 Define the solution.
Q.No. 3 Difference between solute and solvent.
Q.No. 4 What is concentration of solution?
Q.No. 5 Difference between dilute and concentrated solution.
Q.No. 6 Difference between binary and aqueous solutions.
Q.No. 7 Percentage composition(%w/w, N/v, % v/w, 5 v/v).
Q.No. 8 Define the molarity.
Q.No. 9 Melality.
Q.No. 10 Define the mole fraction.
Q.No. 11 What is ppm?
Q.No. 12 What ate completely miscible liquids?
Q.No. 13 What are partially miscible liquids?
Q.No. 14 What are conjugate solutions?
Q.No. 15 What is critical solution temperature?
Q.No. 16 What are partially immiscible liquids?
Q.No. 17 Define the raoults law.
Q.No. 18 Write down the properties of relative lowering.
Q.No. 19 What are ideal solutions?
Q.No. 20 What is fractional distillation of ideal mixture?
Q.No. 21 What are non ideal solutions?
Q.No. 22 What is azeotropic mixture?
Q.No. 23 What are positive deviations?
Q.No. 24 Negative deviations.
Q.No. 25 Define the solubility.
Q.No. 26 What is Zeotropic mixture?
Q.No. 27 What is precipitation recrystallization?
Q.No. 28 What is continues solubility curve?
Q.No. 29 What is discontinuous solubility curves?
Q.No. 30 What is fractional recrystallization?
Q.No. 31 What are colligative properties of solution?
Q.No. 32 Why some properties are called colligative?
Q.No. 33 What is molal boiling point constant?
Q.No. 34 What is molal freezing point constant?
Q.No. 35 What is lowering of vapoure pressure?
Q.No. 36 What is elevation of boiling point?
Q.No. 37 What is depression of freezing point?
Q.No. 38 Application of boiling point elevation and freezing point depression?
Q.No. 39 Why we use ethylene glycol as antifreeze in radiator of automobile?
Q.No. 40 What is energetics of solution?
Q.No. 41 Define heat of solution.
Q.No. 42 Define the heat of dilution.
Q.No. 43 Define hydration energy of ions.
Q.No. 44 What lactice energy?
Q.No. 45 Define the hydration.
Q.No. 46 What are hydrates?
Q.No. 47 What is water of crystallization?
Q.No. 48 What is hydrolysis?
Chapter No. 10
Short Questions:
Q.No. 1 What is electrochemistry?
Q.No. 2 What is electric current?
Q.No. 3 Define conductor.
Q.No. 4 What is electronic conduction?
Q.No. 5 What is electrolyte?
Q.No. 6 What is electrolytic condition?
Q.No. 7 What is ionization?
Q.No. 8 Deference between oxidation and reduction.
Q.No. 9 Define oxidation number.
Q.No. 10 Define electrochemical cell.
Q.No. 11 Define battery.
Q.No. 12 What is electrolytic cell?
Q.No. 13 What is voltice or galvanic cell?
Q.No. 14 Define the electrolysis.
Q.No. 15 Electrolysis of fused PBcl2.
Q.No. 16 Electrolysis of aqueous NaNo3.
Q.No. 17 Reaction of electrolysis of fused Nacl.
Q.No. 18 Aqueous Nacl.
Q.No. 19 How copper is purified by electrolysis?
Q.No. 20 What is iodized aluminium?
Q.No. 21 What is voltic or galvanic cell?
Q.No. 22 Reactions of voltic or galvanic cell.
Q.No. 23 Function of salt bridge.
Q.No. 24 What is electrode potential?
Q.No. 25 What is standard hydroge electrode (SHE)?
Q.No. 26 What is electrochemical series?
Q.No. 27 Application of electrochemical series.
Ans: Page No.178-179-180(Vol-2)
Q.No. 28 Difference between oxidizing reducing agents.
Q.No. 29 Which elements act as anode and cathode?
Q.No. 30 What is primary and secondary cells?
Q.No. 31 Explain through reactions how lead battery discharged?
Q.No. 32 Explain through reactions how lead battery recharged?
Q.No. 33 Reaction of silver oxide battery.
Q.No. 34 Reaction of charging Ni-ca-cell.
Q.No. 35 Give the chemical reaction taking place in fueled cell.
Q.No. 36 Functions of fueled cell.
Q.No. 37 SHE act as cathode when connected with Zn electrode.
Q.No. 38 SHE act as anode when connected with cw-electrode.
Chapter No. 11
Reaction kinetics:
Short Questions:
Q.No. 1 What is chemical kinetics or reaction kinetics?
Q.No. 2 What is rate determining step?
Q.No. 3 Define mechanism of reaction?
Q.No. 4 What is Rate of reaction?
Q.No. 5 Write down units of rate of reaction.
Q.No. 6 Difference between average and instantaneous rate of reaction.
Q.No. 7 Define specific rate constant or velocity constant.
Q.No. 8 Define order of reaction.
Q.No. 9 What are Pseudo first order reaction?
Q.No. 10 What is fractional order reactions?
Q.No. 11 What is Zero order reaction?
Q.No. 12 Define half life period.
Q.No. 13 What is rate determining step?
Q.No. 14 Define 2nd order reaction give example.
Ans: A reaction in which sum of exponents of rate equation is tow is called 2nd order rent
example. See page No. 214(Vol-2)
Q.No. 15 What happens to the rate of chemical reaction with passage of time?
Q.No. 16 Give the names of five physical methods for determination of rate of reaction.
Q.No. 17 What is chemical method?
Q.No. 18 Define collosion frequency.
Q.No. 19 Main points of collosion theory.
Q.No. 20 How activated complex is formed?
Q.No. 21 Define activation energy.
Q.No. 22 Draw graphs and explain activation energy for exothermic and endothermic reaction.
Q.No. 23 What is half life method?
Q.No. 24 What is the method of large excess?
Q.No. 25 How surface area affects the rate of reaction?
Q.No. 26 How light affects the rate of reaction?
Q.No. 27 How concentration of reactants affect the rate of reaction?
Q.No. 28 How temperature effect the rate of rate of reaction?
Q.No. 29 What is Arrhenius equation?
Q.No. 30 Define the catalysis.
Q.No. 31 Homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis.
Q.No. 32 Write down the four characteristics of catalysis.
Q.No. 33 Define poisoning of catalyst.
Q.No. 34 What is promoter?
Q.No. 35 What is negative catalyst?
Q.No. 36 Define the autocatalysis.
Q.No. 37 What is enzyme catalysis?
Q.No. 38 What is the Mechanism of enzyme catalysis?
Q.No. 39 Write characteristics of enzyme catalysis.

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Notes 1st year chemistry

Short Questions & MCQs

Volume 2(chapter No: 7-11

Sir Imtiaz Munir

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