MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

FIJI YEAR 13 CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION 2017

MATHEMATICS

Detailed Solutions

COPYRIGHT: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FIJI, 2017.

 2.
SECTION A [25 marks]

QUESTION 1
(a) Direct substitution
lim 2x  4  2 1  4
x 1
=6
(1 mark)
(b) Method 1: Divide each term by x

5 x 2

 5x  2 x x
lim = lim
x   2x  3 x 2 x

3
x x

2
5 
= lim x
x 2  3
x
Division by a very large number gives a
5  0 very small result.
=
2 0 1
lim 0
xx

5
= or 2.5
2

Method 2: Cover Up Rule (Consider the ratio of the coefficients of variable x)

or L^Hopital’s Rule (Differentiate numerator and denominator separately)

5 x  2 5
lim = lim
x 2 x  3 x 2

5
= or 2.5
2
(1½ marks)

QUESTION 2 Using inverse normal table Z  = 1.6449

2

8 8
500  1.6449     500  1.6449 
100 100

Interval: 498.68    501.32 (2½ marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.

 3.

QUESTION 3

Prove that 50  100  150  ......................................  50n  25n(n  1)

Step 1: Prove that it is true for n = 1

LHS  50  1 RHS  25  1(1  1)

= 50 = 50 Substitute n = 1

LHS = RHS (½ mark)

Step 2: Assume that it is true for n = k

50  100  150  ......................................  50k  25k (k  1) Write the full statement.

(½ mark)

Step 3: Prove that it is true for n = k + 1

Method 1

50  100  150  ......................................  50k  50(k  1)  25(k  1) (k  1  1)

LHS = 25k (k  1)  50(k  1) RHS = 25 (k  1) ( k + 2)

= 25 (k  1) ( k + 2) (factorising)
Note that 25 (k  1) is the highest
common factor.
LHS = RHS

Method 2: (Expand and simplify)

50  100  150  ......................................  50k  50(k  1)  25(k  1) (k  1  1)

LHS = 25k (k  1)  50(k  1) RHS = 25 (k  1) ( k + 2)

= 25k 2  25k  50k  50 = 25(k 2  3k  2)
= 25k 2  75k  50 = 25k 2  75k  50

LHS = RHS
(1 mark)

Step 4: Conclusion

We conclude that the formula is valid for all positive integers n.

(½ mark)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.

 4.

QUESTION 4
Method 1: Substitution
3 x A B
 
(x  1)(x  1) x  1 x  1

3 x A(x  1)  B(x  1)

(x  1)(x  1) (x  1)(x  1)
The denominators are exactly the same so the
3  x = A(x  1)  B(x  1) numerator must be identical.

Method
Let x = -1 since it Let x = 1 since it
eliminates variable A eliminates variable B
3 - -1  2B 3 - 1  2A
4 =  2B 2 = 2A
B = 2 A=1
Method 2:Equating Coefficients (2½ marks)

3 x A(x  1)  B(x  1)

(x  1)(x  1) (x  1)(x  1)
The denominators are exactly the same so the
3  x = Ax  A  Bx  B numerator must be identical.
Constant term : A  B = 3
A = B+3  (1)
Coefficient of x : A + B =  1  (2)
Substitute (1) into equation (2)
B+3 + B =  1
2B+3 =  1
2B =  4
B = 2

Substitute B =  2 into equation (1) to find A

A =  2+3
(2½ marks)
=1

QUESTION 5

(a) f o g (x) = f (g (x)) composition of functions f and g

= ( x  3  3) 2
f o g (x) = x 2
(b)
Domain of f o g (x) =  x : x R 
(1 mark)
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.
 5.

QUESTION 6
sin 6θ  sin 4θ
 tan 5θ
cos 6θ  cos 4θ

sin 6θ  sin 4θ
LHS =
cos 6θ  cos 4θ
sin C  sin D  2sin(half sum) cos (half difference )
6θ  4θ 6θ  4θ
2 sin cos
= 2 2
6θ  4θ 6θ  4θ
2 cos cos cos C  cos D  2 cos(half sum) cos (half difference )
2 2

2 sin 5θ cos θ
=
2 cos 5θ cos θ
sin 5θ
=
cos 5θ

= tan 5θ

= RHS
(2½ marks)

QUESTION 7

(a) z = x + yi Re(z) = __2_

The ‘x – term’ is called the real part,
denoted by Re(z).
The ‘y– term’ is called the imaginary part
(b) (i.e.the part attached to ‘i’) Im(z) = _3__

(c) Conjugate is found by changing the sign of z  2  3i

the coefficient of i

(d)

2  3i  2  3i

zz =4

Turn Over

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.

 6.

QUESTION 8
n
The (r +1)th term of ( xa ) which is the
(5  x) 6 n
general term is given by Tr 1    x n  r a r
r
 6
T    56  3 x 3
3  1  3

r = 3 for the 4th term.

4th term = 2500 x 3

(2½ marks)

QUESTION 9

9 x 3  xy  8 x
To differentiate xy use the product rule
f = x and g = y

2 dy y  f .g
27 x  y  x  8
dx
dy
dy  f 'g  f g '
x   8  27 x 2  y dx
dx

dy
When differentiating the variable y, attach
dx

dy 8  27 x 2  y
=
dx x
(2½ marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.

 7.

QUESTION 10

99  1 1 
  n  n  1 
n 1   Write at least first 3 terms and last 3 terms of the series.

 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  1 1 
  1                .........    
 2  2 3 3 4  4 5  99 100 

 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
  1     .........................    
 2 2 3 3 99 99 100 

Observe that terms in the sum cancel out,

leaving the first and the last.
1
 1
100

99  1 1  99
  n  n  1   100 or 0.99
n 1  

(2½ marks)

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.
 8.

QUESTION 1 FUNCTIONS, LIMITS, CONTINUITY (12 marks)

AND DIFFERENTIABILITY
a)

x- intercepts = (1,0) and (  2,0)

y-intercept = (0 ,  16)

Inflection point at (1,0) Turning point at (  2,0)

For a factor  x  a  n , if n is odd (except n = 1)

then there is an inflection at x = a and if n is
even there is a turning point at x = a.

x
-2 0 1

 16

(3½ marks)

(b) (i) f (x) is discontinuous at x = 0 and 2 because of ‘jump’ (1 mark)

(ii) f ( x)  0 at x = _5____ (½ mark)

(iii) lim f (x)  1 (1 mark)

x  1

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.

 9.
x6
(c) (i) f ( x) 
( x  2)( x  3)

x-int  let y = 0 : x  6 = 0 y-int  let x = 0: f ( x) 

0  6
(0  2)(0  3)

x- intercept = (6, 0) y-intercept = (0, 1)

(½ mark) (½ mark)

(ii)

Vertical Asymptote: let denominator = 0 Horizontal Asymptote

For all bottom heavy functions the

x – 2 = 0 or x = 2 x-axis (y = 0) is the horizontal
asymptote.
x + 3 = 0 or x =  3 y=0
(1 mark) (½ mark)

(iii)

Do a sign analysis in each interval separated by vertical asymptotes and x-intercepts. This
tells you where each section of the graph appears.

– + – +
-3 2 6

-3 2 36 x

(3½ marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.

 10.
QUESTION 2 SEQUENCE AND TRIGONOMETRY (12 marks)
10
(a) (i) a10  Substitute n =10
10  1
10
10th term =
11
(½ mark)

(ii) an1  an  0
n 1
an1  Substitute n + 1
n 11

n 1
an1 
n2

n 1 n
an1  an  
n  2 n 1

 n  1 n  1  n n  2 
=
 n  2  n  1

n2  2n  1  n2  2n
=
 n  2  n  1
1
= 0
 n  2  n  1
(3 marks)

n
(iii) lim an  lim Method 2: L^Hopital’s Rule/Cover up rule
n n   n 1
n n 1
n lim = lim
= lim n   n 1 x 1
n 1 n
n n
1
= lim
n  1 1
n
1
=
1
1

1
=
1 0
Upper bound = ____1______
(1½ marks)
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.
 11.

(b) (i) y  5 sin θ  12 cos θ

r = 52  122

r = 13

sin(A  B)  sin A cos B  cos A sin B

5 sin θ  12 cos θ = r sin(θ  α)

5 sin θ  12 cos θ = 13 [ sin .Cos + cos .sin ]

5 sin θ  12 cos θ = 13 sin .Cos + 13 cos .sin

5sinθ = 13 sin .cos 12cosθ = 13 sin . Cos

5 = 13 cos 12 = 13 sin

5 12
= cos = sin
13 13

5  12 
  Cos 1  or Sin 1 
 13   13 
  67.38

67.38

5 sin θ  12 cos θ = 13 sin ( θ  67.38)

(3 marks)

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.
 12.

(ii) sin x has maximum value at x = 90

θ  67.38  90

Coordinates of maximum point = 22.62, 13

(1 mark)

(c)  2 sin θ 1 sin θ 1  0 for 0  θ  360

2 sin θ 1 0 sin θ  1  0

2 sin θ  1 sin θ  1

θ  sin  11
1
sin θ  
2

θ  sin  1 
1
2
= 30

θ1
Sine is negative in the 3rd and 4th quadrant
30 30

θ2

θ = 90 , 210 , 330

(3 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.

 13.
QUESTION 3 COMPLEX NUMBERS (12 marks)

(a)
x 2  10 x  26  0

Here a =1, b = -10 and c = 26

2
 10  ( 10 )  4126
x
21
10  4
x
2
10  4 1
x
2
1  i
10  2 i
x
2
10 2 i
x 
2 2

x = 5  i or 5  i , 5  i

(2½ marks)

(b) ( i) w  1 3i

3
tan   Argument = angle from the positive x-axis
1

  tan 1 ( 3 )


Arg(w)= 60 or rad
3

(1½ marks)

Turn Over

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.

 14.

SECTION B (continued)

(ii) w  1 3i
Modulus- distance from the origin
2
r  12  3

w =__2__

(1 mark)

2 cis 60 or 2(cos 60  i sin 60)

Polar form or trigonometric form
(iii)   
or 2 cis or 2(cos  i sin )
3 3 3

(1 mark)

(iv)

De Moivre’s Theorem:
w  2 (cos60isin 60 )  4
4 (r cis (θ))n = r n cis (n θ)

 2 4 [cos( 460 )i sin( 460 )]

w 4 = 16 (cos240i sin 240 )

or 16 cis 240

4π
or 16 cis
3

(2 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.

 15.

z 3  216(cos 60  i sin 60)

(c

The complex number z = r cis( ) has exactly n distinct n th roots, z1, z2, ..., zn, given by
   2k     360k 
1 1
zk  r cis
n
 where k = 0,1,..., n − 1. or z k  r n cis 
 n   n 
1
z = [216(Cos 60 + i Sin 60 ] 3

60  360k 60  360k

1
Z = 216 [Cos3
+ i Sin ]
3 3

For k = 0
 60  360  0 
Z0 = 6cis  
 3

For k = 1
 60  360  1
Z1 = 6cis  
 3

For k = 2
 60  360  2 
Z0 = 6cis  
 3

Solution = 6 cis 20 , 6 cis 140 , 6 cis 260

Alternative Method
1
216 = 63

360
Angles are  120 apart
3
60
The angles are  20
3

20 + 120 = 140

140 + 120 = 260

Solution = 6 cis (20 , 6 cis 140 , 6 cis (260

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.

 16.
QUESTION 4 PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS (12 marks)

a (i) There is an intersection

P(A and B)  0

P(A  B)  0
(1 mark)

(ii)
P(A or B)  P(A)  P(B)  P(A  B)
 0.7  0.8  0.6

P(A U B) = 0.9

(1 mark)

(b) (i) Two possible outcomes

Number of trials is fixed or 8 repeated/fixed trials

Probability of success/germination is same (constant) for each trial/seed

Each trial is independent of the others.

ii) From binomial table: n = 8, x = 3, p = 0.2

P(winning exactly 3 games) = 0.1468

Or by using the Binomial Probability formula

n x n  x
P (X  x)    p q
 x

8
=    0.2 3  0.8 5 Substitute
 3

P(winning exactly 3 games) = 0.1468

(2 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.

 17.

(c)
H0 :   120 ,

Ha :   120

= 0.03
= 1.8808 Using the inverse normal table

Critical (rejection) region: Reject Ho if z > 1.8808

Rejection
Region
Acceptance region One-Tailed test
=1.8808

x 
Z

n
122  120
 Substitute
5
225
6

Since z value of 6 falls on the rejection region we therefore, reject the

null hypothesis

(4 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.

 18.

SECTION B (continued)

(d)

0.02

z =2.0537
Using inverse normal table

x
z


50 
2.0537  Substitute
7

14.3759  50 

  50  14.3759

Mean = 35.62

(3 marks)

12

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.

 19.
QUESTION 5 CALCULUS I (12 marks)
(a)
2
Area 
 x 3 6 x 2 8 x dx Area between the curve and the x-axis
0
2
x4 6x3 8x 2 
   
 4 3 2 
0

24 62 3 82 2  0 4 60 3 80 2 

      
4 3 2  4 3 2 
 

Area = 4

(2½ marks)

x2  1
(b) y
7x  5

f  x2  1 g  7x  5
f '  2x g'  7

' g.f '  f.g '

 f  Quotient rule
  
g g2

 f   7 x  5 2 x  ( x 1) 7
' 2
   Substitute
g  7 x5  2

 f  2 x  7 x  5   7( x  1)
' 2
  
g 7 x  5 2
(2½marks)
dy 7x2  10x  7
or =
dx  7x  5 2
2
dy 7 x  10 x  7
=
dx 49 x 2 70 x  25

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.

 20.

SECTION B (continued)

(c)
1 1
0 ( 3  e x ) dx   3 x

 e x 
0


 31  e 1  30  e 0 

0 (3  e
x ) dx = 2 + e

(2 marks)


5
(d) dx
2 x

Let u=2–x
du
 1
dx
 du  dx Make dx the subject

 
5 5
dx du Substitute
2 x u

=  5 ln u


5
dx =  5 ln 2  x  C
2 x

(2 marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.

 21.

(e)

Given
dV
 60 , need
dh Using Similar triangles
dt dt 5
dh dV dh
 
dt dt dV
r
15
So we need a formula involving h and V only
h
1 2
V π r h
3
r 5 5
 r  h
2 h 15 15
V  π    h
1 h
3 3 r 
1
h
3
3
πh
V
27
2
d V 3π h

dh 27
2
dV π h

dh 9
dh dV dh
 
dt dt d V
9
 60 
2
πh
540

2
πh
540
 Substitute h = 3
π 3 2

60
rate  cm/s
π

(3 marks)

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.
 22.

SECTION C [15 marks]

QUESTION 1 (COMPULSORY) CALCULUS II (7½ marks)
(a)
x  sin θ

dx
 cos θ Differentiate
d

dx  cos θ dθ Make dx the subject

 
5 5
dx  cosθ dθ  Substitute
1 x 2 1sin 2 θ
5cosθ
dθ

 1sin 2 θ

 cosθ dθ
5cosθ



  5dθ

 5 θ


5
dx =  5 sin  1 x + C
1  x2

(2½ marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.

 23.

(b) 5
V=
0  dy ( Volume of solid of revolution )
x2

y  x  x  y2 Make x the subject.

5


=  y4dy
0
Substitute

5
 y5 
= 
 5 0
 55 05 
=  
 5 5 

Volume = 625

(2 marks)

(c) (i) k 10

600  300 e Substitute
600 10 k
e
300
10 k
2e
10 k
ln 2  ln e
ln 2  10 k Make k the subject.
ln 2
k
10

k  0.0693
(2 marks)

(ii)

0.06937
P  300 e
P  487.30 Using calculator

Accept 487.35

(1 mark)

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.
 24.
SECTION C (continued)

Answer either Question 2 or Question 3.

Either QUESTION 2 VECTORS AND GEOMETRY (7½ marks)

Modulus or magnitude of a vector a is the length of the vector. The symbol for magnitude is a
(a) ~ ~
and is found using:

a  x2  y 2  z 2
~

2 2 2
a  (2)  (4)  (4)
a 6

(1 mark)

(ii)
2 2 2
b  (2)  (1)  (2)
b 3

(1 mark)

iii. Dot product or scalar product

a .b = 2 2   4  1   4  2
~ ~

dot product = 16 (1 mark)

(iv) Angle between the vectors

~a . ~b  a b cos θ
16  6  3  cos θ
θ  cos 1 
 16 
 18 

θ  cos 1 
8
9

Angle = 27.27

(1½ marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.

 25.

 x  1  2
     
(b)  y    2  t  4
 z   3 6
     

x = 1+2t
y = 2+4t
z = 3+6t

x 1 y  2 z  3
symmetric form:  
2 4 6

(1 mark)

(c)

 13   2  mB  nA
    Ratio formula: P 
1 5  4  5 
 18   12  mn
   
P
1 4 A m P n B

 13   8 
   
 5  20 
 18   48 
   
P
1 4
 5
 
 15 
 30 
 
P
5

Coordinates of P = ( _1_, 3__, _6 )

(2 marks)

Turn Over

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2017: MATHEMATICS.

 26.
Or QUESTION 3 BASIC PROGRAMMING (7½ marks)
(a)

S=
(2 marks)

(b) 1. ___C___ 3. __B____

2. ____A__ 4. ___E___ (2 marks)

(c)
10 INPUT “Enter the number of DVDs”; num

20 IF num > 2 THEN GOTO 50

30 cost = num * 3 or cost = (num * 3) – ((num * 3) * 0)

40 GOTO 90
50 IF num > 5 THEN
GOTO 80

60 cost = (num * 3) – ((num * 3) * 0.2)

70 GOTO 90

80 cost = (num * 3) – ((num * 3) * 0.4)

90 PRINT “Your total cost is $”; cost

100 END

Method 2

10 INPUT “Enter the number of DVDs”; num

20 IF num > 2 THEN GOTO 30 ELSE GOTO 80

30 IF num > 5 THEN GOTO 40 ELSE GOTO 60

40 cost = (num * 3) – ((num * 3) * 0.4)

50 GOTO 90

60 cost = (num * 3) – ((num * 3) * 0.2)

70 GOTO 90

80 cost = num * 3 or cost = (num * 3) – ((num * 3) * 0)

90 PRINT “Your total cost is $”; cost

100 END (3½ marks)