Electrical Engg. Prelims Paper Explained

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Explanation of Electrical Engg. Prelims Paper-II (ESE - 2018)
SET - C
1. Which of the following is considered a time
domain technique in control systems? B
R
S1
(a) Nyquist criterion IL
(b) Bode plot
I=10A L
(c) Root locus plot
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(d) Routh-Hurwitz criterion
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Ans. (c)
Sol. Root locus plot is a time domain analysis Given, S1 is connected to B and S 2 is open.
whereas Nyquist criterion and bode plot are The current through the inductor can’t
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frequency domain analysis. Stability of change instantaneously.
system is found by Routh Hurwiz criterion.
 at t = 0+ (i.e. just after time t = 0)
2.
I  10A
B S1 S2 LO
R = 2
A + The voltage across the capacitor will also
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not change instantaneously.

I=10A L= Vout
C = 0.25F
0.25H
 at t = 0+, VCO  0V (because Vco  0V )
The circuit diagram for time t = 0+ can be

For the circuit as shown, consider that switch
S
drawn as
S1 has been in position B for a very long time 2
and switch S2 has been open all the time. At +
iLO+
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time t = 0, the switch S1 moves to position A

and switch S2 closes instantaneously. What is 0.25H C Vout
the value of Vout at t = 0+, assuming initial
charge on C = 0? –
(a) 2.5 V (b) 2.0 V  Vout at t = 0+ = 0V

Correct option (d).
(c) 1.5 V (d) 0 V
3. What is phasor sum of currents I1 = (10a – a2)
Ans. (d)
and I2 = –j10 for two complex operators which
Sol. The circuit diagram at t = 0 can be drawn are individually defined by a3 = 1 and j2 = 1?
as given below.
(a) 17.3290 (b) 7.3290
(c) 17.320  (d) 7.320

Ans. (b)
R = 2 L = 1/2H C = 1/4F
Sol. We know that,
1 + a + a2 = 0 +
100 V
 a2 = –(1 + a) … (i) –
R
Given, I1 = 10(a – a2)
Using equation (i) The given circuit is a second order circuit.
I1 = 10(a + (1 + a))
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The characteristics equation of a second order
= 10(2a + 1) circuit is given by,
 I = I1 + I2 R 1
S2  s 0 … (i)
=10(2  1  120  1)  j10 L LC
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Putting the values of elements in equation (i),
= 7.32 90
S2 + 4S + 8 = 0
1 Comparing this equation to standard equation
4. A series RLC circuit withR = 2 , L = H, C
2 of second order circuit
1 S2  2ns  n2 = 0
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= F is excited by a 100 V dc source. The

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circuit is initially in quiescent state. The n = 8
expression for the current response i(t) due to
a dc source will be of the form (K, K1, K2 are 2
constants) 2n = 4  
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8
4t   This given system is an underdamped system
(a) Ke sin  4t  
 3
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and for step response
(b) Ke2t sin 8t

ent
i(t) = 1  sin(n t  )
(c) (K1  K 2 t)e 2t 1  2
(d) K1e2t  K 2e 4t where, 1

 = cos ()
Ans. (a) Only option (a) satisfies the given expression.
Sol. The given circuit is drawn as given below

5. The impulse response of an LTI system is
given by 5u(t). If the input to the system is
given by e–t then the output of the system is
(a) 5(1 – e–t)u(t) (b) (1 – 5e–t) u(t)
1
(c) 5 – e–t u(t) (d) 5u (t) – e–t f ...(i)
LC
Ans. (a) given, L = 0.4 H
Sol. Impulse response is given as C = 10×10–6 F
h(t) = 5u(t) putting the values in equation (i),
R
C(s) 5 1
= H(s)  f
R(s) s 0.4  10  10 6
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now, input r(t) = e–t = 500 rad/sec.
The current through resistance at resonance,
1
R(s) =
(s  1) Vs 100
IR    2A
R 50
 C(s) = H(s) . R(s)
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7. A pulse of +10V in magnitude and 2s in
5 5 5 duration is applied to the terminals of a
=  
s(s  1) s s  1 lossless inductor of 1.0H. The current through
the inductor would
taking inverse laplace transform,
(a) be a pulse of +20A for the duration of 2 s
C(t) = 5u(t) – 5e–tU(t) (b) be a pulse of –20A for the duration of 2 s
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(c) increase linearly from zero to 20A in 2 s,

C(t)  5(1  e t )u(t)
and in the positive direction, and, from
6. A series RLC circuit has a resistance of thereon, it remains constant at +20A
50 , inductance of 0.4H and a capacitor of (d) increase linearly from zero to –20A in 2s,
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10µF. The circuit is connected across a 100V and in the negative direction, and, from
supply. The resonance frequency and the thereon, it remains constant at –20A
current through the resistance are
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Ans. (c)
(a) 500 rad/s and 2A
Sol. The pulse given to the inductor is of +10V
(b) 1000 rad/s and 2A for 2 seconds,
(c) 500 rad/s and 0.5A
(d) 1000 rad/s and 0.5A V
Ans. (a)
Sol. The resonance frequency for a second order 10 V
RLC circuit is given by,
t (sec)
O 2
The current through the inductor is given 1. Total power can be measured for the three
by. phase load irrespective of whether the load
is balanced or not
1
i vdt
L
Total power = V1i 1 + V2i 2 + V3i 3
= W1 + W2
R
given, L = 1.0H
= Sum of the two wattmeter readings
2 2. But in two wattmeter method, power factor
1
i 10dt  20A
 10 0 can be calculated only when load is balanced
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Readings of wattmeters,
The current through the inductor can’t
change instantaneously and will increase W1  3 VIcos(30  )
linearly as due to the absence of any
resistance. W2  3 VIcos(30  )
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The current remains constant at +20A after Total active power, P = W 1 + W 2
t he rem ov al of pul se as t here i s no
resistance of energy dissipation and the Total reactive power, Q  3  W1  W2 
energy remains conserved and stored in the
inductor. So, power factor of load,
8. Consider the following statements regarding

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 1 3  W1  W2  
power measurement of three-phase circuits cos   cos  tan 
by two-wattmeter method   W1  W2  
1. Total power can be measured if the three- 9.
phase load is balanced and can be
I1 I2 ZA ZB I2
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I1
represented by an equivalent Y connection
ABCD
only V1 V2
2. Total power can be measured for the three- V1 ZC V2

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phase load irrespective of, whether the

load is balanced or not and connected in
Y or  In terms of ABCD-parameters of a 2-port
network, the parameters ZA, ZB and ZC of
3. Power factor can be calculated only if the
the equivalent-T-network are, respectively
three phase load is balanced
Which of the above statements are correct? A 1 D 1 1
(a) , and
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only C C C
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 A D 1 1

(b) , and
Ans. (c) C C C
Sol. Power measurement of three-phase circuit A 1 D 1

by two wattmeter method: (c) , and
C C C
A D D1
(d) , and BC ZB 
C C C
Ans. (a) 1
ZC 
Sol. The f irst two-port network is giv en in C
transmission or ABCD parameters 10.
R
1 R1 R2 2
 V1   A B   V2 
I      8 2
 1  C D  I2 
R3 4 V2
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The equations can be written as
V1 = AV2 – BI 2 ...(i)
I 1 = CV2 – DI 2 ...(ii) 1 2
The Z parameters Z11, Z12, Z21 and Z22 for the
The equation (i) and (ii) can be modified
circuit as shown in figure, respectively, are
and rewritten as
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(a) 12,4,4 and 6
AI  
V1  1  AD  BC I2
C C (b) 8,6,4 and 4
I1 D (c) 12,6,6 and 4

V2   I2
C C (d) 8,4,6 and 6
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Therefore, the z-parameter of the network

can be written as, Ans. (a)
Sol. The Z-parameter of t-circuit is given by,
A AD  BC 
C 
S
C ZA ZB
[Z]   
1 D  ...(iii) 1 2
 C C 
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The z-parameter for the t-circuit given can ZC

be written as
1' 2'
 Z  ZC ZC 
[Z]   A  ...(iv)
 ZC ZB  ZC 
 Z A  ZC ZC 
Comparing (iii) and (iv) we get,  Z   
 ZC ZB  ZC 
A 1
ZA  Given, Z A  8
C
ZB  2
ZC  4  12. The maximum potential-gradient that can be
imposed in air at atmospheric pressure without
 Z11  Z A  ZC  12 breakdown is 30 kV/cm. The corresponding
energy density is nearly
Z12  ZC  4 (a) 30 J/m3 (b) 35 J/m3
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Z21  ZC  4 (c) 40 J/m3 (d) 45 J/m3
Z22  ZB  ZC  6 Ans. (c)
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Sol. Given potential gradient for air
11. A balanced 3-phase RYB sequence star-
connected supply source with phase voltage E = 30 KV/cm = 3 × 106 V/m
100 V is connected to a delta-connected
1 2
balanced load 16  j12 per phase. The Energy density is given by  oE
2
phase and line currents are, respectively
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1 2 1 12 6 2
(a) 5 3A and 30A (b) 10 3A and 30A   oE   8.854  10  (3  10 )
2 2
(c) 5 3A and 15A (d) 10 3A and 15A or Energy density = 39.84 J/m 3
Ans. (c) The nearest option is 40 J/m3

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Sol.
13. A steady flow of 10A is maintained in a thin
wire placed along the X-axis from (0,0,0) to
iL (2,0,0) to find the value of the magnetic field
intensity H at (0,0,5). When end effects are
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100V ignored, H is
ip
100 3 (16–12j)
(16 – 12j) (a) 59.1 aˆ y mA / m (b) 59.1 aˆ y mA / m
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ip
(c) 118.2 aˆ y mA / m (d) 118.2 aˆ y mA / m
(16 – 12j)
Ans. (a)
Sol. Based on given information :
y
100 3
ip   8.6636.86º  5 3A
  12j 
16
(2,0,0)
(0,0,0) x
iL  3ip  5 3  3  15A 1=90° 2
(0,0,5)
z
Magnetic field intensity for a finite current Sol.
element is given by
I  = Charge density
R
H
4
cos  2  cos 1
r Hollow sphere (metallic)
cos 1  cos90  0
R
2
cos  2   0.3714
By Gauss law,
22  52
 
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 is perpendicular distance from current 
 E  ds  Q enclosed
element, hence,  = 5 m
For a Gaussian surface at radius ‘r’ inside
Now, for I = 10 A the sphere, the enclosed charge is zero
10 Thus,
H  0.3714  0   0.0591 A
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4  5  
or 59.1 mA

 E . ds   oE  4r 2   0
s
The direction of H can be given by right

hand thumb rule where thumb points the or E  0
current direction and f inger points the
15.
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direction of H. Thus direction of H is â y

t=0 i 1
 H   59.1aˆ y mA / m
14. A hollow metallic sphere of radius R is charged 10 V 1 1F

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to a surface density of  . The strength of the

electric field inside the sphere at a radius r(<R)
is
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In the circuit as shown in figure, the switch is

  closed at t = 0. The current through the
(a) (b) capacitor will decrease exponentially with a
r 2 2r 2
time constant of magnitude
 (a) 0.5 s (b) 1 s
(c) 2 (d) zero
4r (c) 2 s (d) 4 s
Ans. (d) Ans. (b)

Sol. To find the time constant of the circuit
(i) Eliminate all the active sources i.e.
replace the voltage source by a short
circuit.
(ii) Calculate equivalent resistance across
r o A  A 
the capacitor C   2 r  o 
d/2  d 
(iii) Time constant is given by,   RC
where  r  5
The circuit can be redrawn as given below
by replacing the voltage source by short
R
 C  2  5 [C]  10C
circuit
C  10  10 pF  100 pF
1
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or C  100 pF
17. Which of the following statements are correct

1 RTh regarding uniform plane waves?
1. Uniform plane waves are transverse
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E
2. The relation between E and H is =
H
RTh  1

 Time constant,   RC = 1 seconds

16. A parallel-plate capacitor with air between the
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plates has a capacitance of 10 pF. If the 3. E × H gives the direction of the wave travel
distance between the parallel plates is halved 4. For a uniform plane wave travelling in x
and the space between the plates is filled with direction, Ex = 0
a material of dielectric constant 5, the newly
formed capacitor will have a capacitance of (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only
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(a) 10 pF (b) 50 pF (c) 1, 2 and 4 only (d) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 100 pF (d) 150 pF Ans. (b)

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Ans. (c) E 
Sol. Statement (2) is wrong as 
Sol. For the case when, there is only air between H 
the capacitor plates
Rest of the statements are true.
 A 1. Uniform plane waves are transverse.
C  o  10 pF ... (i)
d
3. E×H gives the direction of the the wave
where, A = Area of plate travel.
d = distance between the plates 4. For a uniform wave travelling in z-
direction, Ez = 0.
when d is halved and dielectric with dielectric
constant of 5 is inserted 18. An energy meter makes 100 revolutions of its
disc per unit of energy. The number of
revolutions made by the disc during one hour Synchronous timing refers to the way in which
when connected across 210V source and events are coordinated on the bus. The
drawing a current of 20A at 0.8 p.f. leading is occurrence of events on the bus is determined
(a) 336 (b) 316 by a clock.
(c) 286 (d) 256 The data bus consists of 32 to hundreds

seperate lines. The number of lines is referred
Ans. (a) as width of the data bus. Bnadwidth of data
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Sol. Given, 1 kWh = 100 revolutions bus is the number of bits it can transfer in a
single operation.
Energy consumed by the load in one hour
20. Consider the following statements :
= Power × time
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1. Better memory utilization is possible with
= VIcos   t non-contiguous allocation using fixed size
pages
= 210 × 20 × 0.8 × 1 watt-hour
2. Associative memory is used for providing
= 3360 W hr
fast access to data stored in cache
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= 3.36 KWhr memory.
So, total number of revolutions by energy 3. Direct mapping of cache memory is hard
meter to implement
= 3.36 × 100 = 336 Which of the above statements are correct?
19. Consider the following statements regarding (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
Computer Architecture:
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(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

1. The advantage with dedicated bus is
decrease in size and cost Ans. (a)
2. In synchronous timing, the occurrence of Sol. 1. In non-contiguous allocation the logical
events on the bus is determined by the address space of process is divided into
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clock small fixed size chunks called pages. It

can be placed in any free frame in the
3. Data bus width decides the number of bits
memory. The external fragmentation
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transferred at one time

problem is completely eliminated.
Which of the above statements are correct?
2. Associative memory is used to store the
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only address of the data stored in the cache.
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 So it provides fast access of data stored
in cache memory.
Ans. (c)
3. Direct mapping technique is simplest
Sol. Dedicated bus is permanently assigned either technique to map main memory with
to one function or to a physical outset of cache.
computer component. It is used as separate
21. The decimal value 0.5 in IEEE single precision
dedicated address line and data line. So it
floating point representation has fraction bits
leads to increase in size and cost.
of
(a) 000.....000 and exponent value of 0 i j
(b) 000.....000 and exponent value of –1 Sol. 0 1
(c) 100.....000 and exponent value of 0 1001 2001
(d) 100.....000 and exponent value of –1 In function f  p  1001, q  2001
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Ans. (b) p = q
p  2001
Sol. IEEE single precision floating point format :
(*p) = 2
mantissa × 2exponent
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*(2001) = 2
for 0.5
Now 1 is replaced by 2
mantissa is 0
Now in main function, printf will print (0, 2)
exponent is – 1
23. Consider the following set of processes with
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So representation is data thereof as given here :
000 ....... 000 and exponent value –1
22. What does the following program print? Process Arrival time CPU Burst time
P1 0 ms 12 ms
void f(int*p, int*q)
P2 2 ms 4 ms
{
P3 3 ms 6 ms
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p = q; P4 8 ms 5 ms
*p=2;
} An operating system uses shortest remaining
int i = 0, j = 1; time first scheduling algorithm for pre-emptive
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scheduling of processes. The average waiting

int main ( )
time of the processes is
{
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(a) 7.5 ms (b) 6.5 ms

f(&i, &j);
(c) 5.5 ms (d) 4.5 ms
printf(“%d %d \n”, i, j);
Ans. (c)
getchar ( );
Sol. Operating system uses shortest rermaining
return 0;
time f irst scheduling algorithm. So the
} process whose remaining CPU burst time is
(a) 2 2 (b) 2 1 more compare to arrived process will be
preempted.
(c) 0 1 (d) 0 2
Ans. (d) P1 P2 P3 P4 P1
t=0
2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 17 27
Arrived
process P1 P2 P3 P4
1. P1 arrived at t = 0 so it execute first. At
frame size length of cable
time t = 2 nsec. P2 arrived the remaining = 2 ×
Bandwidth signal speed
time of process P 1 is 10 msec. so
process P 1 is prempted and process P 2
(burst time = 4 msec) gets CPU and 10,000 bits 2  length of cable
6 =
execute entire burst time because it’s 500  10 bits/sec 2,00,000 km/sec
remaining burst time is less compare to
burst time of arrived process. 10,000 bits × 2,00,000 km/sec
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= l eng t h of
2. Process P 3 wait for 3 msec, afterthat it 500  106 bits/sec × 2
complete execution. cable
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3. Process P 4 wait for 4 msec, after that it
10  2,00000
complete execution. length of cable = km = 2.0km
106
4. Finally process P 1 complete remaining
execution for 10 msec. 25. Consider the following statements :
w aiting time of P 1 = 0 + (17 – 2) = 15 msec 1. System calls provide the interface between
a process and the operating system
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waiting time of P 2 = 0 msec
2. PERL implementations include direct
waiting time of P 3 = 6 – 3 = 3 msec
system call access
waiting time of P 4 = 12 – 8 = 4 msec
3. System calls occur in different ways
depending on the computer in use
15  0  3  4
Average waiting time = Which of the above statements are correct?
4
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= 5.5 msec (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
24. The length of cable required for transmitting a (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
data at the rate of 500 Mbps in an Ethernet
Ans. (d)
LAN with frames of size 10,000 bits and for
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signal speed 2,00,000 km/s is Sol. 1. System call is used as an interface

between process and operating system.
(a) 2.5 km (b) 2.0 km
Process can not access operat ing
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(c) 1.5 km (d) 1.0 km system directly for read, write operation.
So system call act as interf ace to
Ans. (b)
perform these operation.
Sol. Given, 2. PERL is used for system programming.
Bandwidth = 500 mbps This language allow access the system
Frame size = 10,000 bits call directly.
Signal speed = 2,00,000 km/sec 3. As per computer design system call can
be implemented
Transmission delay = 2 × propagation delay
(i) Interactive system: prompt message
displayed for appropriate input.
(ii) Batch system: Specify the parameter The value returned by fun1 (435) is
names with control statement. (a) 10 (b) 9
(iii) Mouse based and icon based systems. (c) 8 (d) 7
26. What is the effective access time, if the average
page-fault service time is 25 ms, memory Ans. (b)
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access time is 100 ns and page-fault rate is Sol. Binary equivalent of 435  (110110011)2
P?
there are 9 bits.
(a) 100 + 24,999,900 × P ns
in while loop;
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(b) 100 + 25,000,000 × P ns
num >> = 1  num = num >> 1
(c) 100 + 25,000 × P ns
1 bit is shifting in each iteration, total number
(d) 25,000,000 + 100 P ns of iteration = 9
Ans. (a) So final value of count is 9. So return value
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will be 9.
Sol. Effective access time = P × (page fault
service time) + (1–P) × memory access time Option (b) is correct.
= P × 25 msec + (1 – P) × 100 nsec 28. Consider the following statements in the
relevant context :
= P × 25 msec + 100 nsec – P × 100nsec
1. The two types of currents that flow in
= 100 nsec + (25×10–3sec –100 × 10–9 sec)
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semiconductor diodes and transistors are

× P
drift and diffusion currents
= 100 nsec +(25000000 ×10–9–100×10–9) ×
2. The junction region is called depletion
P
region or space-charge region
= 100 nsec + 24999900 × 10–9 × P sec
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3. When currents flow through the diode in

= 100 nsec + 24999900 × P nsec. forward bias, the depletion region current
27. Consider the function fun1 shown below : is mostly of ‘diffusion’ type
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int fun1 (int num) Which of the above statements are correct?
{ (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only
int count = 0; (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 2 and 3 only
while (num) Ans. (a)

{ count + +; Sol. There exists two types of currents that flow
in semiconductor diodes and transistors i.e.
num >> = 1;
drift and diffusion currents.
}
The region formed between p-type and x-
return (count); type regions is called space charge region
} (or) depletion region.
The total current f lowi ng t hrough t he
depletion region under forward biasing is
made up of mostly majority carrier diffusion.  1  200  2
When the diode is reverse biased diffusion
is negligible but drift remains constant. The 1
total current flowing through the depletion  
200
region under reverse biasing is made of
mostly of minority carrier drift current. where,  = feedback factor
Hence all the statement 1,2,3 are correct.
A
R
29. The bandwidth of a control system can be 150 
1
increased by using 1 A 
200
(a) Phase-lead network
TE
(b) Phase-lag network A A
 1 
200 150
(c) Both Phase-lead network and Phase-lag
network
 1 1  A
(d) Cascaded amplifier in the system  1 A   
150 200  600
AS
Ans. (a)
 A = 600
Sol. A phase lead network is equivalent to high
31. A 220V dc compound generator connected in
pass filter, so bandwidth of a control system
long-shunt mode has the following parameters
increases by use of phase lead network.
: Ra = 0.1, Rsh = 80, Rseries = 0.05. For
30. Applications of negative feedback to a certain
a load of 150A at rated terminal voltage, the
M
amplifier reduced its gain from 200 to 100. If

induced emf of the generator should nearly
the gain with the same feedback is to be raised
to 150, in the case of another such appliance, by
the gain of the amplifier without feedback must (a) 233 V (b) 243 V
have been (c) 251 V (d) 262 V
S
(a) 400 (b) 450

Ans. (b)
(c) 500 (d) 600
Sol. DC compound generator in long shunt mode.
IE
Ans. (d)
Sol. For a negative feedback amplifier, the gain IL = 150A
is given as
Ish Rseries
A
Af  Ra
1  A R sh V
as the gain reduces from 200 to 100 Ea
200 Ia
100 
1  200
For rated terminal voltage of V = 220 V no load it draws a current = 5A. At what speed
will this run while delivering a torque of 150
V 220 N/m?
Ish =   2.75 A
Rsh 0.80
(a) 881 rpm (b) 920 rpm
Ia = 150 + 2.75 = 152.75 A (c) 950 rpm (d) 990 rpm
R
Now,
Ans. (a)
Ea = V + IaRa + Ia Rseries
Sol. DC shunt motor circuit
TE
= 220 + 152.75 × 0.1 + 152.75 × 0.05
Ea = 242.91 V I L = 5A
The nearest option is Ea = 243 V +
Ia Irn
RSh = 200 
32. The Laplace transform of f(t) = tn et u(t) is VS = 250 V Ra = 0.5 
AS
Ea
(n  1)! n!
(a) (b) –
(s   )n1 (s   )n
(n  1)! n! At no load,
(c) n 1 (d) n 1
(s   ) (s   )
M
Ia = 5A, N0 = 1000 rpm

Ans. (d)
1000  2
Sol. = = 104.72rad / sec
60
n 1 Back emf.;
S
We know that L{tn} =

sn 1
Ea = VS  IaRa
IE
1 , t  0
and u(t) =  250
0 , t  0 where, Ia  IL  Ish = 5  = 3.75A
200
n 1  Ea = 250  3.75  0.5 = 248.125V

So L{tn.u(t)} =
sn 1
Since, Ea = KN  K TN
Now by using 1st shifting property
where K T is constant.
n1 n
L e t .t nu  t  = n1
 Ea 248.125
s     s   n1  KT = = = 2.369
N 104.72
33. A dc shunt m otor has t he f ollowing
At load torque,  = 150 N.m.
characteristics, Ra = 0.5, Rf = 200, base
Torque,  = K TIa (as flux is constant)
speed = 1000 rpm, rated voltage = 250V. On
Ans. (d)
 150
 Ia = K = = 63.318A Sol.
T 2.369
Now, back emf.
Ea = VS  IaRa = 250 – 63.18 × 0.5
As E  N
R
Differentially
Ea N0 compounded
N
 E = for constant flux which is true
Speed
a N
TE
Shunt
for shunt machine
Cumulatively ]
248.125 1000 compounded
 =
218.341 N Series
or N = 879.96 rpm
AS
Nearest option is 881 rpm. Armature current Ia
34.
(1) 1
Note : N
Speed (N)
(2)

M
So in series field winding, as Ia increases

 increases, hence speed (N) decreases.
0 Armature Current (Ia) In shunt field winding, voltage applied across

S
The figure shows plots of speed (N) Vs. it, remains constant (almost), so  remains
armature current (Ia) of a dc motor for two constant. Thus speed is generally constant.
different operating conditions. Which one The small drop at high Ia , is due to reduced
IE
of the following features is relevant?

back emf as E  N .
(a) (1) represents stronger shunt field, and (2)
represents stronger series field of a In comutatively compounded dc motor,
compound motor total  series  shunt
(b) (1) represents stronger series field, and
while in differentially compounded motor
(2) represents stronger shunt field of a
compound motor total  series  shunt
(c) (1) represents only shunt excitation, and 35. A 230V, 50 Hz, 4-pole, single-phase induction
(2) represents only series excitation motor is rotating clockwise (forward) direction
(d) (1) represents only series excitation, and at a speed of 1425 rpm. If the rotor resistance
(2) represents only shunt excitation at standstill is 7.8, then the effective rotor
resistance in the backward branch of the
Pinput = 3 VIcos
equivalent circuit will be
(a) 2.0 (b) 4.0 = 3  400  50  0.8  27712.81W
(c) 78 (d) 156 or Pinput = 27.713 kW
R
Ans. (a) Air gap power,
Sol. For single phase induction motor Pg = Pinput – Stator Cu loss – Core loss
Nr (rotor speed) = 1425 rpm = 27.713 – 41.5 – 1.2 = 25.013 kW
TE
Nearest option is 25 kW
120f 120  50
NS (synchronous speed) =  37. When the value of slip of an induction motor
P 4
approaches zero, the effective resistance
= 1500 rpm
(a) is very low and the motor is under no-load
AS
NS  Nr 1500  1425 (b) of the rotor circuit is very high and the
Hence, slips = NS = motor is under no-load
1500
(c) is zero
= 0.05
(d) of the rotor circuit is infinity and the motor
Standstill rotor resistance, R2 = 7.8  is equivalent to short-circuited two-winding
(given) transformer
M
Effectiv e rotor resistance for backward

Ans. (b)
R2 Sol. For induction motor,
branch =
2(2  s)
R 20
S
Effective resistance of rotor is given as

7.8 s
= = 2
2(2  0.05) Where R20 = standstill rotor resistance
IE
36. A 400 V, 50 Hz, 30 hp, three phase induction s = slip

motor is drawing 50A current at 0.8 power Under no load, slip  0
factor lagging. The stator and rotor copper
As the load on motor increases, rotor speed
losses are 1.5 kW and 900 W respectively.
decreases, hence slip increases,.
The friction and windage losses are 1050 W
and the core losses are 1200 W. The air gap Therefore,
power of the motor will be, nearly
R20
(a) 15 kW (b) 20 kW As s approaches to zero, 
s
(c) 25 kW (d) 30 kW
and motor is under no load
Ans. (c) By observing the rotor equivalent circuit at
Sol. For given three phase induction motor line frequency.
X20 R20/s 1
 0.25 = X2
15
E20 or X2 = 15 × 0.25 = 3.75 
or X 2  3.75 
39. A 3-phase, 37 kW induction motor has an
R
R20 efficiency of 90% when delivering full load.
as slip approaches zero,   and
s At this load the stator copper losses and
secondary i.e. rotor winding acts as open rotor copper losses are equal and are
TE
circuit. equal to stator iron losses. The mechanical
losses are one-third of no-load losses.
38. A 4-pole, 50 Hz, 3-phase induction motor with
Then the motor runs at a slip of
a rotor resistance of 0.25 develops a
maximum torque of 25 N.m at 1400 rpm. (a) 0.01 (b) 0.02
The rotor reactance x 2 and slip at (c) 0.03 (d) 0.04
AS
maximum torque smax,T respectively would
be Ans. (c)
Sol. For given IM,
1 1
(a) 2.0 and (b) 3.75 and Output power = 37KW
15 12
For efficiency of 90%, power input to motor,
M
1 1
(c) 2.0 and (d) 3.75 and
12 15 37
Pinput = = 41.11KW
0.9
Ans. (d)
Hence, total tosses = 41.11 –37 = 4.111kw
Sol. For given 3   IM
S
Now, let stator copper loss = P, then

120 f 120  50 Rotor copper loss = P
Ns =  = 1500 rpm
IE
P 4 Stator iron loss = P and

Given that, at maximum torque condition,
P
Nr (rotor speed) = 1400 rpm Mechanical loss =
3
Ns  Nr 1500  1400 1
sm =   10P
Ns 1500 15  Total losses PLoss = P  P  P  P / 3 =
3
Also, at maximum torque condition.
10P
R2 = smX2 Therefore, = 4.11
3
or P = 1.23KW flux per pole,  = 5 mWb = 5 × 10–3 Wb
Now, air gap power; Number of turns in rotor, T = 200
Pg = Pinput  Stator iron loss – stator copper Induced emf is given y
loss E = 4.44 fT
R
= 41.11 – 1.23 –1.23 = 38.64 KW = 4.44 × 50 × 5 × 10–3 × 200
Mechanical power developed or E = 222 V
TE
Nearest option is 200 V
Pnd = Poutput  mechanical loss
41. A 3-MVA, 6-pole, 50 Hz, 3-phase synchronous
1.23 generator is connected to an infinite bus of
= 37  = 37.41KW 3300 V; and it is run at 1000 rpm. The
3
synchronous reactance of the machine is
AS
Also, Pmd = (1  s)Pg 0.915 per phase. The synchronizing torque
for 1° mechanical displacement of the rotor is
 37.41 = 1  s   37.64
(a) 7500 N.m (b) 7000 N.m
or s = 0.318
(c) 6000 N.m (d) 4500 N.m
40. The rotor of a 4-pole ac generator is wound
with a 200 turns coil. If the flux per pole is 5 Ans. (c)
M
m Wb and the rotor runs at a speed of 1500

Sol. As we know that
rpm, the rms value of the induced voltage for
this ac generator is nearly Ef = Vt + I aZ s
(a) 140 V (b) 157 V  Ef = Vt + jI a XS
S
(c) 164 V (d) 200 V

3300
Here, Vt =
Ans. (d) 3
IE
Sol.
3  106
For given ac generator, Ia =  524.8
3  3300
Ns = 1500 rpm (synchronous speed)
Poles, P = 4 Xs = 0.915  / phase
120 f  Ef  1964.8 14.14

 = Ns
P Now, synchoronous torque
120  f Psyn 3E f v t 1
or = 1500   · ·cos .
4 m Xs m
or f = 50 Hz
Given that,
43. The term Synchronous condenser refers to
3  1964.8  3300 1
=  (a) A synchronous motor with a capacitor
0.915  3  2  1000 
  connected across the stator terminal to
 60 
improve the power factor
 (b) A synchronous motor operating at full-load

 cos14.14  3  N-m with leading power factor
180
(c) An over-excited synchronous motor
R
 6000 N-m partially supplying mechanical load and
42. The second-harmonic component of the power also improving the power factor of the
P versus load angle  characteristic of a system to which it is connected
TE
synchronous machine, operating at a (d) An over-excited synchronous motor
terminal voltage Vt and having the d- and operating at no-load with leading power
q-axis reactance per phase of Xd and Xq, factor used in large power stations for
respectively, is improvement of power factor
Ans. (d)
AS
Vt2 Xd Xq
(a)  sin2
2 Xd  X q Sol.
Synchronous condenser is an over excited
synchronous motor at no load.
Vt2  1 1 
(b) 2    sin2
 Xq Xd  Overexcited means, Ef cos   V
 
M
By phasor diagram
Vt2 Xd Xq
(c) 2  X  X cos2
d q
S
Vt2  1 1 
(d) 2    cos2
 X q Xd  Ia3
 
Ia2
IE
V
Ans. (b)
Ia1 Efsin
Sol. The real power for a salient pole machine is
given by
Ef1 Ef2 Ef3
VtE f Vt2  1 1 
P1 = sin    sin2
Xd 2  Xq X d 
Efcos
The second harmonic component is
Vt2  1 1  When Ef cos   V, pf is leading, as for current

 sin2
2  Xq Xd 
 Ia3
Synchronous condenser is used in large power Ans. (b)
stations. It is not cost effective for small power Sol.
stations.
44. Which of the following operating aspects
necessitate the computation of Regulation of AC
R
an alternator? supply
1. When load is thrown off

2. For designing of an automatic voltage- reference
TE
control equipment winding
3. For determination of steady-state and

control
transient stability voltage from
servo amplifier
4. For parallel operation of alternators
rotor
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 2 and 4 only control
AS
winding
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Ans. (d) A two phase ac servomotor has reference

Sol. Need for voltage regulation computation. winging supplied by constant AC voltage
supply and control winding supplied by
1. To know the voltage drop when load is
variable control voltage obtained from servo
M
thrown off.
amplifier. If the voltage across the control
2. For designing automatic voltage-control winding becomes zero then servo motor acts
equipment.
as a 1  induction motor. In order to
3. For parallel operation. prevent this a light rotor and high resistance
S
4. For determination of steady-state and is to be used. This can be done by a drag-

transient stability cup type servomotor as shown below:
IE
45. A 2-phase ac servomotor has a tendency to stator

run as a single-phase induction motor, if the drag cup made
voltage across the control winding becomes of aluminium
zero. To prevent this

laminated core
(a) Rotor having high mass and moment of
inertia is to be used driving
shaft
(b) Drag-cup type of light rotor and high
resistance is to be used
(c) A low resistance rotor is to be used Fig: Drag cup 2 phase servo motor.
(d) The number of turns in the control winding 46. A single-stack, 8-phase (stator), multiple-step
is to be kept lesser than in the main motor has 6-rotor teeth. The poles are excited
reference winding one at a time. If excitation frequency is 120
Hz, the speed of the motor is
(a) 3 rps (b) 5 rps
2
(c) 10 rps (d) 15 rps  =  = 4947.4
Ans. (b)
2
Sol. Given that,  = = 0.0606 or 6.06%
0.00127
stator poles, Ns  8 48. A lossy capacitor Cx, rated for operation of 5
R
kV, 50 Hz is represented by an equivalent
rotor teeth, Nr  6
circuit with an ideal capacitor Cp in parallel
with a resistor Rp. Cp is 0.102 µF; and Rp =
Ns  Nr
 360 1.25 M . The power loss, and tan  , of this
TE
As, step size,  = NsNr
lossy capacitor when operating at the rated
voltage are, respectively
86
=  360 = 15° (a) 20 W and 0.04 (b) 10 W and 0.04
86
(c) 20 W and 0.025 (d) 10 W and 0.025
Shaft speed is given by
AS
Ans. (c)
f
n = Sol. Lossy capacitor
360
15  120 CP
=
360 Ic
M
Ir
or n  5 rps
RP
47. An extra high voltage transmission line of 5 kV, 50 Hz
length 300 km can be approximated by a
S
lossless line having propagation constant  = where CP = 0.102 F

0.00127 rad/km. The percentage ratio of line
length to wavelength will nearly be RP = 1.25 M
IE
(a) 24% (b) 19% tan  is given by

(c) 12% (d) 6%
5  103
Ans. (d) Ir
1025  106
Sol. line length = 300 km tan  = I =
c 5  103
Propagation constant;   0.00127rad / km  1 
 
 2  50  0.102  10 6 
The wavelength for one complete sinusoidal
variation will be,
= 0.025
Power loss, P = V 2C tan 

= (5  103 )2 0.102  106  2  50  0.025 600  103
t
3  108
= 20.028 W
49. The time interval needed for a surge to travel 6

to the end of a 600 km long overhead 3  103
R
transmission line is
= 2×10–3
(a) 6 s (b) 2 s
t = 2msec.
TE
(c) 20 ms (d) 2 ms
50. At what power factor will a lossless line with
Ans. (d) a reactance of 0.6 pu exhibit zero regulation
given that the sending-end voltage is 1.0 pu?
Sol. Given length of the transmission line =
(a) 0.800 lag (b) 0.800 lead
600km
(c) 0.954 lead (d) Unity p.f.
AS
1
We know velocity of the wave(V) = Ans. (c)
LC
Sol. The zero voltage regulation is always obtained
1 at leading power factor so, let the current be
V ...(1)
LC 1  receiving end voltage, Vr = 1 0
M
0  d  Sending end v ol tage f or zero v oltage

 ln  
2  r  regulation, will be, Vs = 1 
  
2 0 Vs = Vr  I r . jXs
C
S
d
ln  
r   1  = 1 0  1    0.6 90 
IE
1  = 1 0  0.6 90  
1
V
0  d  2 0 1 = 1  0.6cos  90    j0.6 sin  90  
ln   
2  r  d
ln  
r  1 = 1  0.6 sin   j0.6cos  ...(1)
2 2
1  1 = 1  0.6 sin     0.6 cos  

0 0
1 = 1 + 0.36 – 1.2 sin 
= 3×108 m/s
0.36
sin  = = 0.3
L 1.2
 Time taken to travel (t) =
V
Sol. The dielectric loss in the insulation of a lossy
cos  = 1  sin2   1   0.3 2 underground cable due to leakage correct
is
cos   0.954 lead
V2
51. An 11 kV, 3-phase transmission line has dielectric loss = tan 
Xc
resistance of 1.5 and reactance of 4 per
phase. The efficiency of the line when
R
supplying the load of 4 MW at 0.8 lagging V2
= 1 c tan 
power factor is nearly  
(a) 99% (b) 95%
TE
= V 2 c tan 
(c) 92% (d) 90%
53. A 3-phase, 100 MVA, 11 kV generator has the
Ans. (c) following p.u. constants. The generator neutral
Sol. The load current is solidly grounded. X1 = X2 = 3X0 = 0.15 .
The ratio of the fault current due to three-
AS
4  106 phase dead-short-circuit to that due to L-G
Ir  = 262.43A fault would be nearly
3  11 103  0.8
(a) 0.33 (b) 0.56
Total line losses will be those occuring in
resistance only. (c) 0.78 (d) 1.0
Ans. (c)
Ploss  3Ir2.R 
M

Sol. X1  X2  3X0  0.15
Ploss  0.31 MW
11
 Pout = 4 MW Ea = phase voltage generated = kV
3
Pin = Pout + Ploss
S
= 4.31 MW For 3   deal short circuit, fault current

IE
Pin Ea
efficiency    If 1 
Pout = 92.8%  92% jX1 ...(i)
52. The dielectric loss in the insulation of a lossy For L-G fault, fault current
underground cable, due to leakage current is
(using standard notations) 3Ea
If 2  ...(ii)
jX1  jX2  jX0
(a) CV 2 cos  (b) CV tan 
(c) CV 2 tan  (d) CV sin  eq.  i  If1 j  X1  X2  X0 

 
eq.  ii If2 3jX1
Ans. (c)
1. Thermal emission
If1 0.15  0.15  0.05
  0.78 2. High temperature of air
If2 3  0.15
3. Field emission
54. Which of the above statements are correct?
a
R
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 3 only
Balanced
b 3 phase (c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1 and 3 only
Load
c
Ans. (d)
TE
Triple-pole switch Sol. In a circuit breaker arc is produced
A balanced 3-phase load is supplied from a 3-
(1) Electronic (emission/field emission): As
phase supply. The contact in line c of the triple-
pole switch contactor fails to connect when field is emitting high amount of electrons
switched on. If the line-currents in lines a and between the contacts.
AS
b record 25A each, then the positive-sequence (2) Thermionic emission: This heat will
component of the current is continue to liberate the electrons which
(a) 14.4  30 A (b) 25.0  30 A f urther increases the heat . Hence
statement 1,3 are correct.
(c) 14.4  30  A (d) 25.0  30 A
56. The line reactances of a power network are
as follows :
Ans. (c)
M
Sol. The current Ia and Ib will be such that,

Line No. From Bus To Bus Reactance
Ia + Ib = 0 or Ia = – Ib 1 0 1 0.2 p.u.
Ia = 25 0 2 1 2 0.4 p.u.
S
Ib = 25 180 The bus impedance matrix with ‘0’ as ref-bus

is
 = 1120
IE
The positive sequence current will be 0.2 0.4  0.4 0.2 

(a)   (b)  
0.4 0.6  0.2 0.6 
1
Ia1 = I   Ib  2 Ic 
3 a 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.2 
(c)   (d)  
0.2 0.6  0.2 0.4 
1
=  25 0  25 300 
3 Ans. (c)
Ia1  14.4 30 Sol. • First considering only line 1 
55. In a circuit-breaker, the arc is produced due ZBus   j0.2

to
Ans. (a)
Bus 1 Sol. An alternator is a polyphase synchronous
machine in which excitation is provided by
rotor winding connected to dc supply.
j0.2
58. The stability of a system, when subjected to
a disturbance, is assessable by which of the
following methods?
R
1. Swing curve
ref Bus
O 2. Equal-area criterion
TE
3. Power-angle diagram
• Now, if we add a new line of impedance 4. Power-circle diagram
j 0.4, between Bus 1 and Bus 2
(a) 1, 2 and 4 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only
then,
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 only
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Bus 1 Bus 2
Ans. (d)
Sol. The stability of a system when subjected to
a disturbance is assesable by
j0.4
1. swing curve
j0.2 2. equal area criterion
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3. power angle diagram

From the power-circle diagram Liariour types
ref Bus of losses, torques etc can be found in a
induction machine.
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 j0.2 j0.2  Hence statements 1,2,3 are correct and

ZBus    statements-4 is false.
 j0.2 j0.2  j0.4 
59. Power transmission capacity of a high voltage
 j0.2 j0.2 
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ZBus    line can be increased by

 j0.2 j0.6 
(a) Increasing the resistance of the line
57. An alternator is
(b) Increasing the inductive reactance of the
(a) A polyphase synchronous machine
line
operated with DC exciter
(c) Reducing the effective series reactance of
(b) A polyphase synchronous machine
the line
operated with AC exciter
(d) Reducing the shunt admittance of the line
(c) A three-phase induction machine with
prime mover Ans. (c)
(d) Any AC generator Sol. Power transmission capacity of a high
voltage line can be increased by reducing
the effective series reactace of the line.
180  50 180  50 150
    75
V1V2 8  15 120 2
P sin 
 X 
Acceleration is   75 / sec 2
60. A 40 MVA, 11 kV, 3-phase, 50 Hz, 4-pole turbo-
61. In a Progressive Simplex Lap Winding for a
R
alternator has an inertia constant of 15 sec.
4-pole, 14-slot, 2 coil-sides per slot d.c.
An input of 20 MW developed 15 MW of output
armature, the back pitch yb and front pitch yf
power (Neglecting losses). Then the
will be respectively
acceleration is
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(a) 7 and 5 (b) 5 and 5
(a) 60°/s2 (b) 65°/s2
(c) 7 and 7 (d) 5 and 7
(c) 70°/s2 (d) 75°/s2
Ans. (a)
Ans. (d)
Sol. Progressive simplex lap winding
Sol. Given data:
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Number of conductor = Number coil sides
S = 40 MVA (rating of the machine)
V = 11 kv  Z = 2  14  28
f = 50 Hz Z 28
Pole pitch =  7
P = 4 (no of poles) P 4
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H = 15 sec (inertia constant)

For simplex lap winding, back pitch Yb and
Pi = 20 MW (input power)
front pitch Yf must be odd and differ by 2.
Po = 15 MW (output power)
Acceleration power P a = (Pi – Po)  Yb = 7
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Pa = (20 – 15) MW  Yf = 7  2  5
Pa = 5 MW
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d2
We know Pa = M
dt 2
Yb
 d2  
Pa  M   2 
 dt 
Yf
 SH 
Pa   
 180f 
 40M  15 
5M   
 180  50 
62. The starting current in an induction motor is 5
times the full-load current while the full load
slip is 4%. The ratio of starting torque to full- 64. A buck regulator has an input voltage of 12V
load torque is and the required output voltage is 5V. What is
(a) 0.6 (b) 0.8 the duty cycle of the regulator?
(c) 1.0 (d) 1.2 5 12

(a) (b)
12 5
Ans. (c)
Sol. Starting current, 5
R
(c) (d) 6
I st = 5Ifl (given) 2
Now, Ans. (a)
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Sol. For a buck converter with duty cycle  , the
2
Startingtorque st  Ist  output voltage is given by
=    I   s fl
Fullloadtorque fl  fl  V0  Vs
2 where, Vs = 12v
st  5Ifl 
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  0.04 V0 = 5V
  fl  Ifl 
5
= 25  0.04  
12
st Directions :
or 1
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fl Each of the next Twenty Six (26) items consists of

two statements, one labelled as ‘Statement (I)’ and
63. When bundle of conductors are used in place the other as ‘Statement (II)’. Examine these two
of single conductors the effective inductance statements carefully and select the answers to
and capacitance will, respectively these items using the codes given below :
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(a) Increase and decrease Codes :

(b) Decrease and increase (a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are
individually true; and Statement (II) is the
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(c) Decrease and remain unaffected

correct explanation of Statement (I)
(d) Increase and remain unaffected
(b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are
Ans. (b) individually true; but Statement (II) is NOT
the correct explanation of Statement (I)
Sol. W hen a bundle conductors are used in
transmission line the self GMD of teh (c) Statement (I) is true; but Statement (II) is
conductors is increased, so the inductance false.
per phase of the conductor decreases. (d) Statement (I) is false; but Statement (II) is
true.
Bundl ed conduct ors wi l l hav e hi gher
capacitance to neutral when compared to 65. Statement (I) : An electrolytic capacitor
single lines. consists of two electrodes immersed in an
electrolyte with a chemical film on one of the
electrodes acting as the dielectric. profound effect on the low frequency response
Statement (II) : The electrolytic capacitor may of an R-C-coupled amplifer.
be operated with any one of the electrodes as Ans. (c)
anode positive with respect to the other. Sol. Stray capactiance and emitter-to-base
Ans. (c) diffusion capacitance will effect at high
R
frequency response. So, statement (II) is
Sol. Statement 1 is true  Anode electrode has wrong.
an etched surface and a this film of dielectric
(usually aluminium oxide) acts as dielectric 68. Statement (I) : A ‘bedding’ is provided over to
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the metallic sheath in an underground cable.
for the capacitor.
Statement 2 is wrong  Only the surface Statement (II) : The bedding protects the
metallic sheath against corrosion.
with the dielectric can be used as anode.
66. Statement (I) : Two ideal current sources with Ans. (c)
currents I1 and I 2 cannot be connected in
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Sol.
series.
Statement (II) : Superposition Theorem cannot
Conductors
be applied to current sources when one
terminal of each of these sources is connected
to a common node. metal sheet
Bedding
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Armouring
Serving
Ans. (b)
Sol. Fig: Cable Cross sectional view
 Statement (I) is correct : Two ideal current Bedding in provided over to the metalic sheet
sources with unequal current values can’t be i n and an underground cable. Hence
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connected in series as two different currents statement-I is true.

can’t flow in the same conductor at the same
time. The purpose of bedding is to protect the
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sheath f rom mechanical injury due to

 Statement (II) is correct : If two sources armouring. You can think a shock absorber
have a terminal of each connected to a and hence statement-I is false.
common node then opening one source will
open-circuit the other source too and hence Hence statement-I is true and statement-II
superposition theorem can’t be applied. is false.
Statement (II) is not the correct explanation of 69. Statement (I) : Zero-sequence currents are,
statement (I). by definition, in phase with each other in the
three windings of any three-phase apparatus.
67. Statement (I) : Both Coupling capacitance and
Emitter bypass capacitance affect the low Statement (II) : They may be caused by
f requency response of an R-C-coupled magnetic saturation in the transformers.
amplifier. Ans. (b)
Statement (II) : Both Stray capacitances and Sol. Zero-sequence currents are in phase which
Emitter-to-base diffusion capacitance have a each other in any three phase system.
Voltage drop
zero phase
currents V1 C V2
the voltage at the far end under heavy

loading can be corrected by connecting a
R
shunt capacitor hence statement-II is true.
They are present in the transformers due to
Hence both statement-I and statement-II are
magnetic saturation and they may shift the
individually true.
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neutral point in the transf ormer called
floating neutral. 72. Statement (I) : In an HVDC system, the
steady-state power transfer from a generator
Hence. bot h t he stat em ents are t rue
to the infinite bus is dependent on the power
individually.
angle and the line impedance intervening
70. Statement (I) : ‘High resistance’ method is between them.
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used for arc extinction in DC circuit breakers.
Statement (II) : In an HVDC system, the
Statement (II) : Very little energy is dissipated power transfer between the two stations
in the arc in high resistance method of arc connected by a dc link is much larger than
extinction. that in a corresponding EHV ac system.
Ans. (c) Ans. (d)

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Sol. High resistance method is used in dc circuit Sol. In a HVDC system, the concept of power
breakers and low capacity ac circuit breakers
because heat dissipation is very large.
angle   does not come into picture as
there is no concept of stability in HVDC
Hence statement-I is true but statement-II is
system and statement-I is false.
false.
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The amount of power transfer between the

71. Statement (I) : A radial main system, circuit
two stations connected by a dc link is much
experiences a low voltage at the far end under
larger than that of EHV AC system because
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heavy load conditions.

there are only two lines in DC compared to
Statement (II) : The voltage at the far end three lines EHV AC where losses are more
under heavy loading can be corrected by in AC system. Hence statement-II is true.
connecting a shunt capacitor compensator
73. Statement (I) : Conventional diode rectifier
there.
circuits have low frequency harmonics.
Ans. (b) Statement (II) : Passive techniques used to
Sol. A radial main system circuit experiences a reduce the current THD in conventional
low voltage at the far end due to voltage rectifiers require large transformers and/or
drop in the line. Hence statement-I is true. reactors.
Ans. (b)
V
Sol. Conv entional diode rectifiers have low both V and f in such a way that ratio
f
frequency harmonics, due to switching action remains constant.
of diodes.
Passive techniques, using filters require V
Statement (II) : Keeping constant allows
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large values of reactors and transformers. f
74. Statement (I) : Resonant inverters are used the magnetic flux to remain constant and a
as electronic ballasts for gas discharge lamps, reduced V reduces the inrush of starting
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induction heating, etc. current.
Statement (II) : A DC to high frequency AC Ans. (a)

resonant inverter may be obtained by applying
Sol. Since, induced emf
the square wave voltage obtained from a DC
source and switch network operating at E = Kf T
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frequency fs to a tuned tank circuit designed
for frequency f o, so as to obtain variable E V
magnitudes of v(t) and i(t) by matching f s with   or  
f f
f o.
Ans. (a) V
if ratio is kept constant  remains
f
Sol. Statement I is true  This type of inverter
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produces an approx imately si nusoi dal constant.

waveform at a high output frequency ranging
V
from 20 kHz to 100 MHz and is commonly So in method of speed control, flux in air
f
used for induction heating, sonar transmitters,
fluoroscent lightining etc. gap remains constant.
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Statement 2 is true This method can be used to start IM at lower

voltage to avoid large inrush current without
Statement (2) is correct explanation of
affecting the air gap flux.
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statement (1) as due to high frequency, the

size of the resonating components is small. 77. Statement (I) : Windings of most power
transformers are immersed in a tank of oil.
75. Statement (I) : In linear commutation, the
magnitude of the current in the coils under Statement (II) : Convection currents in the
each pole in a DC generator on a given load insulating oil help carry the heat away from
remains constant. the windings and the core.
Statement (II) : The magnitude of the emfs Ans. (a)

induced in the coils under each pole of a DC 78. Statement (I) : A large gate pulse is required
generator on load remains constant. to turn on a GTO thyristor.
Ans. (a) Statement (II) : This thyristor does not need
76. Statement (I) : A very efficient method of a commutation circuit.
speed control of an induction motor is to vary
Ans. (b) 1. Zero order hold interpolation
Sol. 2. First order hold interpolation.
Statement (I) is true  GTO has a higher The process of interpolation converts an
value of holding current and hence, a larger analog signal to a digital signal. So, we can
gate pulse is required. say that hold element can be used as digital
Statement (2) is true  GTO can be turned to analog converter.
of by applying a negative gate pulse and hence
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a separate commutation circuit is not required. 81. Statement (I) : High-level programming
But , statement (2) is not the correct languages pref erred by the sci enti f ic
explanation of statement (1). community as they are user friendly.
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79. Statement (I) : The decimal-to-BCD encoder Statement (II) : High level programming
digital logic circuit chip IC 74147, is a priority languages provide ways of detailing instruction
encoder. for problem-solving that are translated into low-
Statement (II) : In this circuit, priority is given level language via compilers and interpreters
to the lowest-order input. before being executed by the computer.
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Ans. (c) Ans. (a)
Sol. Sol. High level programming language such as
The decimal to BCD encoder digital logic circuit C, C++ is user friendly and it translated into
chip IC 74147 is a priority encoder. Statement low l ev el language v ia compilers and
I is correct. interpreters before being executed by the
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computer.
In priority encoder, priority is given to highest
82. Statement (I) : The conductivity of an intrinsic
order input. Hence statement II is wrong.
semi-conductor increases exponentially with
80. Statement (I) : Analog to digital conversion is temperature.
essentially a sampling process.
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Statement (II) : As the temperature rises, more

Statement (II) : A hold element is digital to and more covalent bonds are broken resulting
analog converter. in more electron hole pairs.
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Ans. (d) Ans. (a)

Sol. In sampling process, continous time signal Sol. The relation between temperature and
is converted to discrete time signal. In an concentrative of charge carriers in a pure
analog to digital converter, sampling is (or) intrinsic semiconductor is gives as
followed by quantization. So, analog to digital
EGO
conversion process consists of sampling 2
n01  A 0 T 3e kT
followed by quantization. So, it is wrong to
say that analog to digital converter is from the equation it is clear that charge
essentially a sampling process. carriers in semiconductor exponeutially
increases very rapidly with increase of
Reconstruction of a signal from its samples
t em perat u re hence t he con duct i v i t y
is done by using interpolation. There can be
increases exponeutially.
two type of interpolation–
As the temperature increases more covalent power factors because :
bonds are broken and more electron hole 1. Deflecting torque of the wattmeter is
pairs are generated. The increase in the small at low power factor.
numbers of free electrons and holes results
in increases in the conductivity. Td  VIcos 
R
Hence statement-I and statement-II are true
Td  cos 
and statement-II is correct explanation of
statement-I. 2. At lower power factor, error due to
presence of inductance of the pressure coil
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83. Statement (I) : Light is capable of transferring
electrons to the free-state inside a material, becomes high.
thus increasing the electrical conductivity of Error = tan .tan 
the material.
Statement (II) : The increased electrical At low power factor, cos is low
conductivity produced by light is called photo-
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  is large
conductivity.
 tan  is high
Ans. (b)
Sol. Light is capable of transferring electrons to So, error is large.
t he f ree state insi de a m aterial t hus Sol. Secondary emission is a phenomenon where
increasing the conductivity of the material. prmiary incident particles of sufficient energy
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When the energy imparted to the electrons when bitting a surface (or) passing through
is quite large the latter may be emitted from some material, induce the emission of
material into the surrounding medium. This secondary particles. The term often refers
phenomenon is known as the photoemissive to the emission of electrons when charged
effect (or) photoemissivity where as the particles like electrons (or) ions in a vaccum
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increased electrical conductivity produced by tube strike a metal surface there are called
light is called photo conductive effect (or) secondary electrons. Hence statement-I is
photo conductivity.
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true.
Hence both the statement-I and II are The secondary emission is used in pentodes
individually true but statement-II is not the for voltage amplification and statement-II is
reason for statement-I. true.
84. Statemen t (I) : A general purpose Hence both statement-I and statement-Ii are
dynamometer type wattmeter does not read individually true.
accurately at low power factors.
85. Statement (I) : A dynamometer type wattmeter
Statement (II) : The presence of self- has a linear scale while a dynamometer type
inductance of the pressure coil introduces an voltmeter has a non-linear scale.
error.
Statement (II) : Deflecting torque developed
Ans. (a) in a dynamom eter type watt meter is
proportional to the power and that developed
Sol. A general purpose dynamometer type
in a dynamom eter type amm eter is
wattmeter does not read accurately at low
proportional to the square of the current.
Ans. (a) resistance per unit weight of Aluminium is
Sol. Dynamometer type Wattmeter smaller than copper.
Deflecting torque,  For braking torque, a permanent magnet

called braking magnet is used to induce
dM eddy currents in some part of disc. These
Td  P. eddy current produces a braking torque
d
which is proportional to the speed of rotating
where, P is the power measured.
R
disc.
i.e. by making t he m utual inductance
Braking torque, TB  k ir
between fixed coil and moving coil vary
linearly, the scale of dynamometer type
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where, k = constant
wattmeter can be linear. By suitable design,
mutual inductance is made vary linearly over
 = flux of the permanene magnet
an angle range of 40° to 50° on either side i = eddy current
of zero mutual inductance position. Hence,
r = resistance of eddy current path
the scale can be made uniform over 80° to
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100° keeping posit ion of zero m utual So, statement (I) is incorrect and statement
inductance at the midscale. (II) is correct
Dynamometer type Voltmeter/Ameter 87. Statement (I) : W hen a solid surface is
bombarded by electrons of appreciable energy,
Deflecting torque,
secondary emission occurs from the surface.
dM V 2 dM Statement (II) : The major application of the
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Td  I2  . secondary emission is in voltage amplification.

d Z 2 d 
Ans. (b)
dM 88. Statement (I) : Electromagnetic flow meter is
Although, keeping = constant, i.e. M
d preferred for flow velocity measurement of
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varies with  linearly, deflecting torque is slurries in pipes as long as the slurry has
directly proportional to the square of current. adequate electrical conductivity.
So, the scale in dynamometer type ammeter Statement (II) : Electromagnetic flow meter
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or voltmeter is non-linear. does not insert any instrument parts into the
86. Statement (I) : The rotating disc in an energy body of the fluid flow to cause obstruction as
meter is made of a magnetic material. in most of other flowmeters.
Statement (II) : Braking takes place due to Ans. (a)

eddy current generated by the braking magnet.
Sol.
Ans. (d)  Electromagnetic flow meter is preferred
Sol.  The rotating disc in an energy meter is for flow velocity measurement of slurries,
made of a non-magnetic materials. e.g. sludge, or, only electrically conducting liquid.
Aluminium, copper etc. For making disc,  In electromagnetic flow meter, a pair of
Aluminium is pref erred over copper as insulated electrodes buried flush in the
opposite sides of an non-conducting, non- 1. Bt is a unit matrix
magnetic pipe carrying the liquid whose flow 2. Bl is a rectangular matrix
is to be measured. The pipe is surrounded
by an electromagnet which produces a 3. Rank of Bf is (b – n – 1)
magnetic field. where b is the number of branches and n is
the number of nodes.
 Elect romagnetic f low meter has an
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advantage over other types of flow meter as Which of the above statements are correct?
it does not insert any instrument parts into (a) 1 and 2 only
t he body of t he f l ui d f l ow t o cause
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obstruction. (b) 1 and 3 only
i.e. Statement (I) is correct and Statement (c) 2 and 3 only

(II) is correct explanation of Statement (I). (d) None of the above
Ans. (c)
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89. Statement (I) : Direct access method is based Sol. • Statement 1 is wrong  sub-matrix is not
on a disk model of a file. a unit matrix.
Statement (II) : Disks allow random access
• Statement 2 is correct  sub-matrix is a
to any file block. rectangular matrix.
Ans. (a) • Statement 3 is correct  rank of the
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Sol. Direct file organization is used where file fundamental tie-set is (b–n–1)
has to access randomly. When a process where, b = number of branches
has to access a particular record from the n = number of nodes.
disk then access method module of direct
file organization calculate the address of the 92.
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record.
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90. Statement (I) : Variables that are defined
inside subprograms are local variables.
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Statement (II) : Their scope is in the body of

the subprogram in which they are defined. V1 R V2
Ans. (a)
Sol. Local varibles are defined in the subprogram
which is not accessable outside of the An ideal operational amplifier is connected as
subprogram. shown in figure. What is the output voltage
V2?
91. Consider the following statements for a
network graph, if Bf is its fundamental tie set (a) 3V1 (b) 2V1
matrix, and Bt and Bl are its sub-matrices
V1
corresponding to twigs and links, respectively: (c) 1V1 (d)
3
Ans. (a)
3v1 v
= 2
2R 2R
2R
v 2  3v1
–
Sol. 93. The modulating index of an AM-signal is
+ reduced from 0.8 to 0.5. The ratio of the total
V1 V2 power in the new modulated signal to that of
R
R
the original signal will nearly be
(a) 0.39 (b) 0.63
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(c) 0.85 (d) 1.25
This can be re-drawn as
Ans. (c)
Sol. Detail Solution
+ +
+ Total power in modulated signal
–
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V1 V2  2 
2R PT = AC  1  
R  2 
– –
  0.8 2 
For  = 0.8 P1 = A c 1     original
by virtual node concept the voltage at –ve   2  
M
 
terminal is v 1
modulated signal
Applying nodal analysis at v 1 we get
v1 v1  v 2   0.5 2 
 = 0 For  = 0.5 P2 = A c 1     New
  2  
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R 2R  
v1 v1 v modulated signal
 = 2
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R 2R 2R
2
P2 2   0.5 
  0.85
1 1  v P1 2   0.8 2
v1  
R 2R = 2
  2R
 2  1 v
v1   = 2 94. The Truth table for the function f(ABCD) =
 2R  2R
m(0,1,3,4,8,9) is
95. An 8-bit DAC uses a ladder network. The full-
scale output voltage of the converter is +10V.
A B C f The resolution expressed in percentage and
0 0 0 W in volts is, respectively
0 0 1 X (a) 0.25% and 30 mV
0 1 0 Y
R
(b) 0.39% and 30 mV
0 1 1 0
(c) 0.25% and 39 mV
1 0 0 Z
(d) 0.39% and 39 mV
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1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0 Ans. (d)
1 1 1 0
Sol.
Number of bits of DAC (n) = 8
where W, X, Y, Z are given by (d is the
Percentage resolution of DAC is given by
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complement of D)
(a) D, d, 1, 1 (b) 1, d, D, 1  100 
% Resolution =  n 
(c) 1, 1, D, d (d) 1, D, d, 1  2  1
Ans. (d) = 0.392%

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Sol.
Full scale output
The function ‘f’ may be obtained when we use Resolution in volts =
2n  1
an 8 × 1 MUX, with using A, B, C as select
lines. = 0.039 V
If A is MSB, and C is LSB, then = 39 mV

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96. Consider the following statements :

ABC ABC ABC ABC ABC ABC ABC ABC 1. Flash type ADCs are considered the fastest
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D 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 2. In successive approximation type ADCs,

conversion time depends upon the magnitude
D 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 of the analog voltage
1 D D 0 1 0 0 0 3. Counter-type ADCs work with f ixed
conversion time
So, we can write that, 4. Dual slope ADCs are considered the
W = 1 slowest
X = D
– (a) 2 and 3 only (b) 2 and 4 only
Y = D (or d)
(c) 1 and 4 only (d) 1 and 3 only
Z = 1
Ans. (c) Ans. (d)
Sol. Sol. The given control can be simplified to
 The flash type ADCs are considered fastest,

+
as the time taken for conversion of analog R(s) G(s) C(s)
quality to digital quantity only depends on –
the delays of comparator and encoders,
which are generally negligible.
R
 For a n-bit successive approximation type
ADC, K
where, G(s) =
1  s 1  4s 
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tconversion = n.Tclk
where, Tclk = clock period steady state error is given by
The conv ersion time is independent of sR  s 
magnitude of analog voltage ess = slim
0 1  G  sH s
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 The conversion time of counter type ADC For unity feedback system, H(s) = 0
is given by,
tconversion = Tclk (decimal equivalent 1
and for unit step input, R  s  
of digital output) s
So, the conversion time of counter type ADC is

1
not fixed. s
M
s
For Daul slope ADC, conversion time, ess = slim K
 0
1
tconversion = (2n + m) . Tclk 1  s 1  4s 
V
n  analog  1 1
S
Where, m = 2  V  or ess = 
K 1 K
 ref.  1
1
So, the dual slope ADC are the slowest ADC.
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ess = 20% = 0.2 (given)

97.
1
K 1   0.2
R(s) C(s) 1 K
1  4s 1 s
K4
98.
For the feedback control system shown, if the
steady state error is 20% for the unit step input R(s) G1(s) G2(s) G3(s) G4(s) C(s)
signal, then the value of K must be 1 1 1
(a) 80 (b) 40 –1 –1 –1 –1
(c) 20 (d) 4
Therefore,
C(s)
The closed-loop transfer function of the PK = G 1G 2G 3G 4
R(s)
system represented by the signal flow graph  = 1 (–G 1 – G 2 – G 3 – G 4 ) + (G 1 G 3
as shown in figure is + G 1G 4+ G 2G 3 + G 2G 4)
 1 + G 1 + G 2 + G 3 – G 4 + G 1G 3 + G 1G 2
R
G1G2G3 G4
(a) + G 2G 3 + G 2G 4
(1  G1  G2 )
1 = 1
TE
G1G2G3G4
(b) (C (s)
(1  G3  G4 ) G1G2G3G4
 =
R(s) (1  G1  G2  G3  G4
G1G2 G3G4 G1G2  G1G3  G2G3  G2G4 )
(c) (1  G  G )(1  G  G )
1 2 3 4
AS
G1G2G3 G4
G1G2 G3G4 = (1  G  G ) (1  G  G )
(d) (1  G G )(1  G G ) 1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
99.
Ans. (c)
H2
M
G1(s) G2(s) G 3(s) G4(s) 1 C(s)

Sol. R(s) 1 R G1 G2 C(s)
–1 –1 –1 –1
By mason gain formula

H1
S
Transfer function,
For the block diagram as shown in figure, the
C  s  PK K C

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R s  overall transfer function is

R
where, PK = path gain of K th forward path
G1G2H1
 = 1 – [sum of loop gains of all (a) (1  G H  G H )
1 1 2 2
individual loops] + [sum of gain
products of two non-touchi ng G1G2
loops] – [sum of gain products of (b)
(1  G1H1  G2H2 )
3 non touching loops] + ...
K = Value of  obtained by removing G1G2H2

(c) (1  G H  G H )
all the loops touching K th forward 1 1 2 2
path
The block diagram shows a unity feedback
G1G2
(d) closed-loop system. The steady state error in
(1  G1H1  G2H2 ) the response to a unit step input is
(a) 14% (b) 28%
Ans. (d)
(c) 42% (d) 57%
Sol. By block diagram rduction method,
H2
Ans. (d)
R
Sol. For given block diagram
+ +
+
R G1 G2 C
–  5  3  15
G  s    
TE
 s  10  s  2   s  2  s  10 
H1/G2 H(s) = 1 for unity feedback system
Steady state error
+
R G1 G2/1–G2H2 C
– sR  s 
ess  lim
AS
s 0 1  G  s H s
H1/G2
1
For unity step input, R  s  
s
+
R G1G2/1–G2H2 C
– 1
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s
ess  lim s
H1/G2  s 0 15
1 1
 s  2  s  10 
 G1G2 
 1 G H 
S
C  2 2 1 20
  =   0.5714
R  G1G2   H1  15 35
1    1
 1  G2H2   G2  2  10
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or ess  57.14%
C G1G2
or 
R 1  G2H2  G1H1 Hence, option ‘d’ is correct.
Hence option ‘d’ is correct.

101. The open-loop transfer function of a negative
100. feedback is
5 3
R(s) C(s) K
s  10 s2 G(s)H(s) =
s(s  5)(s  12)
For ensuring system stability the gain K should

be in the range
(a) 0 < K < 60 (b) 0 < K < 600 (a) 5 and 0 (b) 4 and 1
(c) 0 < K < 1020 (d) K > 1020 (c) 3 and 2 (d) 2 and 3
Ans. (c) Ans. (c)

Sol. Open loop transfer function Sol. Characteristics equation
R
K R  s   s5  2s4  2s3  4s2  11s  10
G  sH s 
s  s  5  s  12 
By Routh Hurwitz Method
TE
Characteristics equation is given by
1  G s H s  0
s5 1 2 11
4
s 2 4 10
K
1 0 3
s  s  5  s  12  s 0  6
AS
4  12
s2 10
or s3  17s2  60s  K  0 
Now, by routh hurwitz method 6  4  12 
 10 
s1 
 4  12 
s3 1 60  
  
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2
s 17 K s0 10
17  60  K
s1
17
s0 K  is very small positive number..
S
To check the number of sign changes.

For stability
4  12
lim will be a negative number
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17  60  K  0  
 0 and K > 0
17
6  4  12 
or K < 17 × 60 or K < 1020  10 
lim 
Thus, for stability, 0  4  12  will be a positi v e
 
  
0  K  1020
number
102. The characteristic polynomial of a feedback Thus number of sign changes is 2.
control system is given by
R(s) = s5 + 2s4 + 2s3 + 4s2 + 11s + 10
For this system, the numbers of roots that lie
in the left hand and right hand s-plane
respectively, are
At corner frequency of   5, slope further
  increases by –20 db/dec
1 sign change
1
4  12  Pole at s = 5 
 1  s
 1  
 5
1 sign change
6  4  12
R
 10  At corner frequency of   10, slope of 20
  db/dec is added
 4  12 
 
  
TE
 s 
 Zero at s = 10   1  10 
Therefore 2 roots will lie in RHS of s-plane
so, correct option is (c).  s 
K' 1  
103.  10 
T.F. = G(s) H(s) = 2 
AS
s
s 1  
 5
–40 dBs/dec
G(j)H(j)(dBs) K  s  10 
–60 dBs/dec =
s2  s  5 
10 (rad/s)
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5 –40 dBs/dec 104. A system with characteristic equation

s4 + 2s3 + 11s2 + 18s + 18 = 0,
The open loop transfer function G(s)H(s) of a
Bode’s plot for feedback system as shown in will have closed loop poles such that
figure is (a) All poles lie in the left half of the s-plane
S
and no pole lies on imaginary axis

K(s  5) K(s  5)
(a) 2 (b) (b) All poles lie in the right half of the s-plane
s (s  10) s(s  10)
(c) Two poles lie symmetrically on the
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imaginary axis of the s-plane

K(s  10) K(s  10)
(c) 2 (d) (d) All four poles lie on the imaginary axis of
s (s  5) s(s  5)
the s-plane
Ans. (c) Ans. (c)
Sol. From the bode plot: Sol. Given characteristic equation
Initial slope = –40dB/dec s4 + 2s3 + 11s2 + 18s + 18 = 0
1 By Routh Hurwitz stability criteria
 2 ploes at s = 0 
s2
4
4 4
s 1 11 18 (a) 1 (b)
(s  1) (s  1)2
3
s 2 18
2 4 4
s 2 18
(c) 3 (d)
1 (s  1) (s  1)4
R
s 0 0  Complete row is zero
Ans. (d)
So by auxiliary equation,
Sol. In given root locus plot, there are four
TE
2s2 + 18 = 0
branches of root locus emanating from s =
d  2 –1 and ending at infinity.
2s  18   4s
ds Hence, four poles at s = –1
4 k
s 1 11 18  G(s) H(s) 
AS
3
(s  1) 4
s 2 18 0
2 To find out the point on imaginary axis,
s 2 18 0
where root locus cuts it; characteristic
s1 4 0 0 equation
0
s 18 0 0 (s + 1)4 + k = 0
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On solving auxiliary equation or s4 + 4s3 + 6s2 + 4s + 1 + k = 0
2s2 + 18 = 0 By Routh Hurtwitz criteria
or s2 = –9 s
4
1 6 1 k
S
s   j3 s3 4 4
2
s 5 1 k
Hence, two poles are symmetrically placed
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on imaginary axis. 1 16  4k
s
5
105.
0
j s 1 k
For critical stability condition
K=4
–1 16  4k
  0 or k = 4
5
Now, auxiliary equation

5s2 + 5 = 0
The open-loop transfer function G(s)H(s) of a or s = ±j1
root locus plot of a system as shown in figure
is  the root locus meet imaginary axis at
s = ±j1
By the property of root locus 1  1 
 m  tan  
|G(s) H(s)| = 1  3
k or m  30
 4
1
(s  1) s  j1
107. The steady state response c(t) for an input r(t)
or k = 4 1
R
= sin 2t to a system transfer function is
106. The transfer function of a compensator is s4
(1  3sT) (a) 0.25 sin 2t

. The maximum possible phase shiftt
TE
(1  sT) (b) sin (2t – 45°)
is (c) 0.316 sin(2t – 26.5°)
(a) 30° (b) 45° (d) 0.632 cos 2t
(c) 60° (d) 90°
Ans. (None)
AS
Ans. (a) Sol. r(t) = sin2t
1  3sT 1
Sol. Transfer function; TF = H(s) =
1  sT s4
For maximum phase shift
 1 
H(w0) = 
M

m 
1 1
 
1

1  0 4
jw
3T T T 3 T 
The output c(t) of an LTI system with impulse
response H(s), to an input r(t) = sinw0t is
1
at   m  ,   m
S
T 

C(t) = H  w 0   sin w 0 t  H  w 0  
3T  T 2T Here, w0 = 2
tan   
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1  (3T)(T) 1  32 T 2
1 1
H  w0  = = = 0.223
at   m 
1 w 02 4 2
2  42
2
T 3
w  1
H  w 0  =  tan1  0  =  tan1  
1  4   2
2 T
T 3 1
tan m  
1 3 = –26.56°
1 3 2
 T2
T 3
C  t   0.22 sin  2t  26.5 
108.  = 1
r(t) ei PD eo 40 c(t)
8 + 800 T = 253
Compensator 2
10s  8s  800
T  0.306
109.
R
Compensation derived from the P-D network
R(s) G(s) C(s)
whose differential equation is governed by eo
TE
 dei 
= 20  ei  T  as shown in the figure is to
 dt 
The unity feedback system as shown in the
be investigated. For what value of T will be
closed-loop response be critically damped? 1
figure is characterized by G(s) = . The
(a) 1.612 (b) 0.806 (s  1)2
AS
(c) 0.306 (d) 0.161 output time response will have a damping
f actor  , and natural f requency n ,
respectively, as
Ans. (c)
Sol. (a) 0.707 and 1 (b) 0.866 and 2
The transfer function of P-D network,
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(c) 0.707 and 2 (d) 0.866 and 1
E0  s  Ans. (c)
Ei  s  = 20(1 + sT)
Sol. For given unity feedback system
The characteristic equation of the given system
S
1
is G(s) 
(s  1)2
1  20 1  sT  40 
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CE : = 0 Characteristic equation is
10 s2  8s  800
1 + G(s) H(s) = 0
10s2 + 8s + 800 + 800 + 800sT = 0
10s2 + s(8 + 800 T) + 1600 = 0 1
1 0
(s  1)2
Comparing with standard equation
or (s + 1)2 + 1 = 0 = s2 + 2s + 2
1600
n = = 12.65 rad/sec Comparing with standard equation
10
2 2
s  2n s  n  0
 8  800 T 
 =  
 2  10  12.65  n  2
For critically damped system,
2   2   2
1  et 0
or    0.707 1
L [sI  A]
1
 
2
te t e t 
110. For a state model
111.
1 0  25
X = AX, where A =   , the state transition R(s) C(s)
1 1 s s  6 
R
matrix is
 te t 0 0 t  A unit step input to a unity feedback system is

(a)  t  (b)  t 
TE
 e et  e tet  shown in the figure, the time for peak overshoot
is, nearly
 et (a) 0.35 s (b) 0.58 s
0 t 0
(c)  t  (d)  2  (c) 0.79 s (d) 0.96 s
 te et  t et 
AS
Ans. (c)
Ans. (c) Sol. The characteristic equation
Sol. Given, s(s + 6) + 25 = 0
1 0  s2 + 6s + 25 = 0
A 
1 1 Hence,
M
2
The state transition matrix is given by n  25 or n  5
1 1
(t)  L  sI  A  2w ns  6s
S
s  1 0  6
[sI  A]      0.6
 2 5
 1 s  1
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
1 1 Peak overshoot time, t p  
[sI  A]  Adj  sI  A  d
| sI  A |
where d  n 1   2  5 1  0.6 2  4
1 s  1 0 
= 2  
(s  1)  1 s  1

tp   0.785 sec
4
 1  112. The transient response of second order under
 s 1 0 
  damped system starting from rest is given by
=  1 1 
c(t) = Ae–6t sin(8t  ), t  0. The natural
 2 s  1
 (s  1) frequency of the system is
(a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) 10 (d) 100 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans. (c) Ans. (b)

114. A second order system with a zero at –2 has
Sol. Given that, C(t)  Ae 6t sin  8t   
R
its poles located at –3 + j4 and –3 – j4 in the
Underdamped response of second order s-plane. The undamped natural frequency and
system: the damping factor of the system respectively
are
TE
nt
e (a) 3 rad/s and 0.80 (b) 5 rad/s and 0.80
C(t) 
2
 sin dt  
1  (c) 3 rad/s and 0.60 (d) 5 rad/s and 0.60
Hence, Ans. (d)
Sol. Based on given information
AS
n  6 ... (i)
s2
TF 
n 1   2  8 ... (ii) (s  3  j4)(s  3  j4)
From eq. (i)
s2 s2
 2 2
 2
6
M
 (s  3)  (j4) s  6s  9  16
n
s2
TF  2
36 s  6s  25
 n 1  2
8
n
S
Therefore,
2
 36  n  25  n  5
or n2  1  2   64 2w n  6  2  5  6
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 n 
or   0.6
115.
or n2  36  64
1  sK e 10
R(s) C(s)
 n  10 s2 s
113. For a feedback control system all the roots of

the characteristic equation can be placed at
the desired location in the s-plane if and only What is the error-rate factor Ke to yield a
if the system is damping factor of 0.5 for the system shown in
the block diagram?
1. Observable
(a) 0.116 (b) 0.232
2. Controllable
(c) 0.284 (d) 0.332
Ans. (a) Primary voltage = 240 (say VP )
Sol. The given system can be simplified to
VP NP
+ Since, V = N
R(s) G(s) C(s) S S
–
where VS = secondary voltage
R
VP  NS 240  750
(1  s k e ) 10  VS = NP = = 1200V
where, G(s)   150
s2 s
for load current of 4A at pf = 0.8 lagging
TE
Closed loop transfer function
Poutput = VI cos
10  10s k e
CLTF  = 1200 × 4 × 0.8 = 3840 W
s(s  2)  10  10s k e
117. In an induction motor for a fixed speed at
10  10s k e constant frequency
AS
 2
s  s(2  10k e )  10 (a) Both line current and torque are
proportional to voltage
Therefore, n2  10 or n  10 (b) Both line current and torque are
proportional to the square of voltage
2n  2  10k e (c) Line current is proportional to voltage and
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torque is proportional to the square of

For   0.5
voltage
 0.5  10  2  10k e (d) Line current is constant and torque is

proportional to voltage
S
 k e  0.116
Ans. (c)
116. An ideal transformer is having 150 turns primary Sol. In induction motor
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and 750 turns secondary. The primary coil is

connected to a 240 V, 50 Hz source. The sE 20  Te2  1
I2 = = s  E1  R  jsX
secondary winding supplies a load of 4A at R20  jsX20 Te
 1 20 20
lagging power factor of 0.8. What is the power
supplied by the transformer to the load?  Te2 
 E20  Te E1 
(a) 4200 W (b) 3840 W  1 
(c) 2100 W (d) 1920 W
or I2  E1
Ans. (b)
kE12 sR2
Sol. Primary turns, NP = 150 d =
R22  s2 X20
2
Secondary turns, NS = 750

2
Staggering of butt joints does not affect eddy
3  Te2  currents. Eddy currents are reduced by
where K = 2n  Te  = constant for fixed
s 1 laminations. Hence correct option is (a).
speed. 119. Which of the following would refer to an ideal
transformer?
 d  E12
R
1. Winding-resistances are negligible
Note : At constant frequency, value of X 2. Leakage-fluxes are included
remains constant.
3. Core-losses are negligible
TE
118. 4. Magnetization characteristic is linear
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only (d) 2, 3 and 4 only
Butt Butt
Joint Joint Ans. (b)
AS
Sol. Ideal transformer has following properties :
1. I ts pri m a ry and secondary wi ndi ng
resistances are negligible.
2. The core has infinite permeability () so that

M
negligible mmf is required to establish the

In a core-type single-phase transformer the
flux in the core.
steel-core is assembled by staggering butt-joint
in adjacent layers of laminations vide figures. 3. Its leakage flux and leakage inductances are
The purpose served is said to be zero. The entire flux is confined to the core
and links both windings.
S
1. Avoiding continuous air-gap

4. There are no losses due to resistance,
2. Preventing loss of mechanical strength
hysteresis and eddy currents.Thus efficiency
3. Reducing eddy-current loss
IE
is 100 percent.
Which of the above statement are true? 5. The magnetization characteristics is linear.
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 120. A 24-slot, 2-pole, lap-would dc machine has
18 turns per coil. The average flux density
Ans. (a) per pole is 1 Tesla. The effective length of the
Sol. T he stagg eri ng of but t j oi n ts av oi ds machine is 20 cm and the radius of the
continuous air gap as the flux can take path armature is 10 cm. The magnetic poles cover
from neighbouring layer at the joints. 80% of the armature periphery. For armature
At the same time staggering maintains angular velocity m  of 183.2 rad/se, the
mechanical strength of the core. Air gap also induced emf in the armature winding is nearly
avoids magnetic saturation of the core. (a) 585 V (b) 1050 V
(c) 1260 V (d) 1465 V
Ans. (c) 122. The solution of the differential equation
Sol. 2
d y dy
B = 1 Tesla 2
  2y  3e 2x ,
dx dx
Total area per pole is given by
where, y(0) = 0 and y'(0) = –2 is
2  0.2  0.1 0.8 (a) y = e–x – e2x + xe2x
Ap =
2
R
(b) y = ex – e–2x – xe2x
Ap = 0.05 m2 (c) y = e–x + e2x + xe2x
Number of conductors z = 24 × 18 × 2 = 864 (d) y = ex – e–2x + xe2x
TE
Flux per pole,  = B.Ap = –0.05 Wb
Ans. (a)
Number of parallel paths (A) = 2 Sol.
 = 183.2 rad/sec
d2 y dy
60    2y = 3 e2x
dx2 dx
AS
N= = 1750 rpm
2
(D2 – D – 2)y = 3 e2x ...(1)
NP z 1750  2  0.05  864 AE in m2 – m – 2 = 0
E = 
60 A 60  2
 (m + 1) (m – 2) = 0
E  1260 V  m = – 1 and 2
M
So CF = C1 e–x + C2 e2x
121. Eigen values of the Matrix
1 1
 3 1 1 Now PI = Q 2  3 e2x 
  f D D D  2
1 3 1 are
S
 
 
 1  1 3   x   x
= 3  2D  1 e    3 
2x
 e2x  = xe2x
  2  2 1 
IE
(a) 1, 1, 1 (b) 1, 1, 2
(c) 1, 4, 4 (d) 1, 2, 4 General solution of (1) is y = CF + PI
Ans. (c) y  C1 e  x  C 2 e 2x  xe2x

Sol.
dy
 sum of eigen values = Trace (A) = y  C1 e x  2C2 e2x  2 xe2x  e2x
dx
 1  2  3 = 9
using y(0) = 0  0 = C1 + C2
Only option (c) is satisfying it
using y (0) = – 2  –2 = C1  2C2  0  1
or –C1 + 2C2 = – 3 Ans. (a)
On solving C2 = – 1, C1 = 1 Sol.
So solution of (1), y = e–x – e2x + xe2x y2 p – xy q = x(z – 2y)
123. If Z = e ax+by F (ax – by); the value of On comparision with P.p + Qq = R
P = y2, Q = – xy, R = x(z – 2y)
R
Z Z
b a is
x y By Lagrange’s Auxiliary equation
(a) 2Z (b) 2a dy dz
TE
dx
= 
(c) 2b (d) 2abZ P Q R
Ans. (d) dy dz xdx  ydy

dx
i.e. 2 =  xy
 
Sol. y x  z  2y  0
I  II III IV 
z = eax+by F(ax – by)
AS
z dx xdx  ydy
= aeax byF  ax  by   eax by aF  ax  by  Taking I and IV, =
x y2 0
z  xdx + ydy = 0
and = beax by .F  ax  by   eax by
y i.e. x2 + y2 = C1
M
 b  F  ax  by  dy dz
Again By II and III, = x  z  2y 
xy
z z
Now b a = 2ab eax  y .F  ax  by  zdy – 2ydy = – ydz
S
x y
or ydz + zdy = 2ydy or d(yz) = d(y2)
= 2ab. z
i.e. yz – y2 = C
IE
124. The general integral of the partial differential

or y2 – yz = C2
equation
y2p – xyq = x (z – 2y) is So General solution is  (C1, C2) = 0
(a)   x 2  y 2, y 2  yz   0   (x2 + y2, y2 – yz) = 0
(b)   x 2  y 2, y 2  yz  0
2
d y
125. If  y  0 under the conditions y = 1,
dt 2
(c)  xy,yz  0
dy
 0 , when t = 0 then y is equal to
(d)  x  y, ln x  z  0 dt
(a) sin t (b) cos t

(c) tan t (d) cot t
Ans. (b)
Sol.  1 1 2  2
R1  R2 ~  2 1 3  2 
 
d2 y 5 1 a  b 
 y = 0  (D2 + 1) y = 0 ...(1)
dt 2
R2  R2 – 2R1 and R3  R3 – 5R1,
d
Where D = 
R
dt 1 1 2 2 
0 3 1  2 
AE is m2 + 1 = 0  m =  i [A : B] ~ 
0 6 a  10  b  10 
So CF = eot(C1cos t +C2sin t] and PI = 0
TE
Hence G. solution is y = CF + PI R3  R3 – 2R2,
y  C1 cos t  C2 sin t ...(2) 1 1 2  2 
0 3 1  2 
[A:B] ~  
dy
0 0 a  8  b  6 
AS
= – C1 sin t  C2 cos t ...(3)
dx
Using y(0) = 1  1 = C1 + 0 Which is in Echelon form.
 C1 = 1
Now for infinite solution
Using y (0) = 0  0 = 0 + C2  C2 = 0
 (A) =  (A : B) < 3
So y = cos t
M
 a = 8, b = 6
126. If the system
2x – y + 3z = 2 1
127. Evaluate  (z  1)3  (z  3)dz
x + y + 2z = 2 c
5x – y + az = b
S
where c is the rectangular region defined by

has infinitely many solutions, then the values x = 0, x = 4, y= –1 and y = 1
of a and b, respectively, are
(a) 1 (b) 0
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(a) –8 and 6 (b) 8 and 6

(c) –8 and –6 (d) 8 and –6 
(c) i (d) (3  2i)
2
Ans. (b)
Sol. Ans. (b)
Sol.
1
 2 1 3  2
 
I =   z  13  z  3 dz
[A : B] =  1 1 2  2
c
5 1 a  b  Poles of integrad are

z = 3 (simple pole)
  x2 
  j x 
z = 1 (pole of order 3) 1 2
=  e   dx
2 
1
R1 = Res F  z  zlim
 3
 z  3 F  z  
8
 z 3  2 2
  x j  
    2
1
R
2 2
=  e  .dx
1  d2  2 
3
R2 = Res F  z   3  1  2  z  1 F  z  
 z 1  dz  z1
TE
2
2   x  j 

1 2 
1 = e  e  2  dx
= – 2 
8
Now by cauchy-Residue theorem 2 
1  2  t2
= e e 2dt
AS
 1 1 2
I =  f  z dz   2i R1  R2   2i     0 
c 8 8 
x  j
x2
where, = t  dx = 2 dtt
 2
128. The Fourier Transform of e 2 is
2 
M
2 2 2 2  t2
1  2
= e e .dt
(a) e 2 (b) e 
2 2
2 0
 2 2
(c) (d)  2 
2   
2
e e
S
2 = 
  2 
Ans. (b)
Sol. 
IE
 x2 
We know that standard definition of Fourier  e dx =
2
0
Transform and inverse Fourier Transform is

129. In a sample of 100 students, the mean of the
1 j t marks (only integers) obtained by them in a
F{f(t)} =  e f  t  dt
2  test is 14 with its standard deviation of 2.5
(marks obtained can be fitted with a normal
 distribution). The percentage of students
1  j t
and f(t) =  F   .e d
2 
scoring 16 marks is
(a) 36 (b) 23
  x2 (c) 12 (d) 10
1
So F e  =

x2
2 
2 
e jx .e 2
dx
(Area under standard normal curve between
z = 0 and z = 0.6 is 0.2257; and between z = 2
  =
0 and z = 1.0 is 0.3413) 3
  = 3
Ans. (b)
We know that in poisson distribution,
Sol.
Mean = Variance
N = 100 students,
R
For single student, x = {marks obtained} = 
= 3
 x = 14,  x = 2.5
TE
x   x 16  14 2.0 131. In Face-Centered Cubic structure (FCC), what
zx =  
2.5 = 0.8
x 2.5 number of atoms is present in each unit cell?
(a) 18 (b) 16
P (X  16) = P(z < 0.8) = lies between 0.2257
to 0.3413 (According to question). (c) 14 (d) 12
AS
So % of students getting marks less than 16 Ans. (c)
= between 22% to 34%.
Sol.
So only option satisfying it = 23%
Sol. Face-centered cubic structure (FCC)
130. Consider a random variable to which a
Poisson distribution is best fitted. It happens
2
M
that P( x 1)  P x 2 on this distribution plot.

3
The variance of this distribution will be
(a) 3 (b) 2
2
S
(c) 1 (d)
3
Ans. (a) In FCC structure, eight atoms are present in

IE
Sol. all eight corners of the unit cell and six atoms
are present in centre of all six faces of unit
e   r cell.
P (X = r sucess) = (Poisson
r So, total number of atoms in an unit cell
Distribution) = 8 + 6 = 14
2 Note : Effective numbers of atoms present in

ATQ, P(X = 1) = P (X = 2) an unit cell
3
1  1 
e 1 2 e  2    8    6  1  3  4
= 8  2 
1 3 2
132. If (n) is lattice points per unit cell of the then,  r  1  m
cubi c syst em , (N) and (M) are t he
Av ogadro’s number and atomic weight, = 1 + (2.1 × 10–5)
respectively, and (  ) is the density of the = 1 + 0.000021
element, then the lattice constant (a) is = 1.000021
R
1 1 and, absolute permeability
M  3  NM  3
(a)   (b)     o r
 nN   n 
TE
= 4  10 7  1.000021
1 1
 nM  3 N = 12.6 × 10–7
(c)   (d)  3

 N   nM  134. An iron rod of 10–3m3 volume and relative
permeability of 1150 is placed inside a long
Ans. (c)
AS
solenoid wound with 5 turns/cm. If a current
of 0.5 A is allowed to pass through th solenoid,
nM the magnetic moment of the rod is
Sol. Density   3
a  NA
(a) 2.87 × 104 A.m2 (b) 2.87 × 103 A.m2
(c) 2.87 × 102 A.m2 (d) 28.7 × 102 A.m2
3nM
 a 
M
N Ans. (none)
1/3 M
 nM  Sol. Since, m 
 a  H
 N 
S
133. The magnetic susceptibility of aluminium is M

 r  1 
2.1 × 10–5. The permeability and relative H
permeability are, respectively
IE
 M   r  1 H   r  1 ni
(a) 12.6 × 10–7 and 1.0021
(b) 12.6 × 10–7 and 1.0021 5
= (1150  1)   0.5
(c) 1.26 × 10–7 and 1.000021 10 2
(d) 1.26 × 10–7 and 1.000021 = 1149 × 5 × 50 A/m
Ans. (c) Now,
Magnetic moment = Magnetisation × Volume
Sol. Since, m  r  1
 m = M × V
where, m is magnetic susceptibility
= 1149 × 5 × 50 × 10–3
 r is relative permeability = 28725 × 10–2 A.m 2
135. W hen an alternating voltage of a given (c) Capacitor of 6.7 F
frequency is applied to a dielectric material,
(d) Inductor of 5.0 H
dissipation of energy occurs due to
1. Continual change in the orbital paths of Ans. (b)
the electrons in the atomic structure. Sol.
2. A small conduction current through the The given element is an inductor as the
dielectric graph of current is an integration of that of
R
3. Eddy currents current.
The voltage in an inductor is given as
TE
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only 1
i
L 
V dt
For t = 2 sec
Ans. (b)
Sol.  When an alternating voltage is applied to i = 8 A and  V dt = area under the graph
AS
a dielectric material, dissipation of energy
occurs due to movement or, rotation of of v till 2 seconds.
atoms or, molecules in an alternating electric
field. 1 1
 8   20  2
L 2
 However, the conduction current in a
dielectric is, in fact, the main source of
M
20
dielectric losses. L  2.5 H
8
136.
137.
8A
S
Is I=4A
i(t)
20 V 12
v(t)
2A
IE
2s 100 V 14 R
0 0 1s 2s
t t
The voltage and current characteristic of an

In the circuit shown, what value of R will
element is as shown in figure. The nature and
result in I = 4A?
value of the element are
(a) 9 (b) 7
(a) Capacitor of 3.3. F
(c) 5.5 (d) 3.5
(b) Inductor of 2.5 H
Ans. (b) (a) 2.08 A, 2.92 A and –0.08 A
Sol. (b) 3.08 A, 2.5 A and –0.06 A
(c) 2.08 A, 2.5 A and –0.08 A
12 Is I=4A
(d) 3.08 A, 2.92 A and –0.06 A
R
Ans. (a)
100V 14 R Sol.
TE
I2 R2
(I3+ 3)
The current through R is given as, 3 I3
I1
14 5A 3A
I  Is  ... (i) 4 i 5
14  R
AS
100
and Is  ... (ii) (I1+ I3+ 3)
14R
12 
14  R
KVL in mesh (i)
Given, I = 4A
3 (I3 + 3) + 5I3 – 4I1 = 0
M
Putting the values in equation (i)

8I3 – 4I1 = –9 ... (i)
100 14 By KCL
4  ... (iii)
14R 14  R I1 + I3 = 2 ... (ii)
12 
14  R
S
from equation (i) and (ii)

On solving the equation (iii), we get I1 = 2.08 A
I3 = – 0.083 A
IE
R  7
therefore, I2 = 2.917 A
138. 139. The v-i relationship for a circuit containing R

and C and a battery of voltage E, all in series
is
I2 R2
I1 3
1
I3
Ib = 3A 1.
C 
idt  iR  E
Ia = 5A R1 = 4
R3 = 5
1 di
2. i 0
RC dt
In the circuit as shown, the currents I1, I2 and
1
I3 through three resistors are, respectively 3.
C 
i  R idt  E
Which of the above relationships are correct?
200
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only = 
2  0.1
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 = 4×10–4 wb/m 2
Ans. (a) 141.
Sol. e 7 d
The v-i relationship of the given circuit can 6 4 5 8
R
be written as
f c
1 3
R C
TE
a 2 b
A network graph with its tree shown by firm
+
E lines is given in the figure. The fundamental
– i
cut-set for the tree-branch number 2 is
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (b) 1, 2 and 5
AS
(c) 2, 6, 7 and 8 (d) 2, 3 and 4
1
E  iR 
C
i dt ... (i) Ans. (c)
Sol. • A fundamental cut-set of a graph with
By differentiating equation (i), we get
respect to a tree is a cut-set formed by
one and only one twig and a set of links.
M
1 di
i 0 ... (ii)
RC dt • For a graph having N nodes there will
be (N–1) fundamental cut-sets.
Therefore (i) and (ii) are correct.
For the given twig (2), the links are 6,7 and
The third equation is wrong.
8.
S
140. The flux-density at a distance of 0.1 m from a

long straight wire, carrying a current of 200 A 142. A bipolar transistor has   0.98, ICO  10 A .
is If the base current is 100 A , then collector
IE
(a) 5 × 10–4 Wb/m2 (b) 4 × 10–4 Wb/m2 current would be

(c) 3 × 10–4 Wb/m2 (d) 2 × 10–4 Wb/m2 (a) 2.91 mA (b) 3.49 mA
Ans. (b) (c) 4.91 mA (d) 5.49 mA
Sol. Magnetic field intensity of a long straight Ans. (d)

wire at a distance d is given by,
Sol. Given data
i 200  = 0.98, I C0 = 10A , I B = 100A
H 
2d 2  0.1
We know,
flux-density is given by
I C = IE  ICO
B = H
Sol. The redueced incidence matrix is f irst
I C =  IC  IB   ICO
completed.
IC 1    = IB  ICO
1 2 3 4 5 6
A= a 1 –1 –1 –1 0 0
   ICO b 0 1 0 0 –1 1
I C =  1    IB  1  
R
    c 0 0 –1 0 1 0
d –1 0 0 1 0 1
 0.98   10 
TE
= 
1  0.98  100   1  0.98  The corresponding network graph can be
    drawn as,
0.98 10
=  100  d 6 b
0.02 0.02
AS
 9.8  1  4 1 5
= 10   2
 0.02 
a 3 c
10.8
= 10 
0.02
Hence, 1, 2 and 3 form the required tree.
M
1080 144.
= 10 
2
= 5400 × 10–6 10 V
= 5.4 mA v 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ts
S
143. The reduced incidence matrix for a network is

–10 V
given as
IE
1 2 3 4 5 6 A triangular wave voltage, as shown in figure,

a  1 1 1 1 0 0 is applied across the terminals of a 0.5 F pure
 
A  b 0 1 0 0 1 1 capacitor at time t = 0.
c 0 0 1 0 1 0  The corresponding current-wave is
Which of the following sets constitute a tree?

5A
(a) 2, 3 and 5 (b) 1, 2 and 6
i
(c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3 (a) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ts
–5 A
Ans. (d)
1. Short the branch resistance through which
5A current is to be calculated.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ts 2. Obtain the current through this short-
i
(b) 0 circuited branch, using any of the network
–5 A simplification techniques.
3. Develop Norton’s equivalent circuit by
connecting current source I N with the
R
5A
resistance RN in series with it
i 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ts
(c) (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 3 only
TE
–5 A
Ans. (c)
5A Sol.
Third statement is wrong as the Norton’s
AS
i 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ts
(d) equivalent circuit is completed by connecting
–5 A current source IN in parallel to RN.
Steps to develop Norton’s equivalent circuit.
Ans. (b) 1. Short the branch resistance through which
current is calculated.
M
Sol.
The current through a capacitor is given by 2. Obtain the current through short circuited
branch.
dv
iC ... (i) 3. Find the equivalent resistance across the
dt branch.
S
The graph of voltage has a negative slope 4. Connect the current source IN in parallel to
from t = 0 to t = 2 seconds therefore current resistance RN
will be negative in that duration. Option (b)
IE
satisfies that condition.

i = 0.5 × 10 = 5 A 146.
Therefore, magnitude of current = 5A and

4 3
sign will be according to the slope of V
t = 0 to t = 2 seconds  –5A
t = 2 sec to t = 4 seconds  +5A
15V 2 6A 5
The cycle will continue accordingly.
145. Consider the following statements for Norton’s
theorem :
For the network shown in the figure, the
current flowing through the 5 resistance will
4/3
be I2 = 6 
4/38
37 40
(a) A (b) A 4 24
25 28
R
= 6 
28 28
39 41
(c) A (d) A 78 39
28 28
TE
 =  A
56 28
Ans. (c)
147.
Sol.
Applying superposition theorem 1
AS
(i) Taking the voltage sources first and j1 X
replacing current source by open circuit 1

2 ZL
V 3
j 
4 3 2
X
M
15V 2 5 The circuit as shown in figure is connected to

a load ZL across X-X. For a maximum power
transfer to the load, ZL should be
S
3j 3 j
(a)  (b) 
4 4
(ii) Taking the current source and replacing
the voltage source by short circuit.
IE
3j 3  j
(c)  (d) 
4 4
4 2 8 4 Ans. (a)
  
6 6 3
3 Sol. According to maximum power transfer theorem,

I2 the maximum power is transfered to the load

if the load impedance is equal to the complex
conjuate of thevenin impedence across the
4 2 6A 5 load.
1 Solving equation (i) and (ii) for K1 and K2,
j1
1 K1 = –6 and K2 = 15

2
Zth For the given case,
3
j 
2
– Is1 + Is2 = 0
Zth = (0.75 + 0.25j)
R
Is1 15
 =  2.5
ZL = Zth* Is2 6
= (0.75 + 0.25j)* Is1 = 2.5 Is2
TE
3j  K = 2.5

= 0.75 – 0.25j =
4 149.
148.
AS
RS=10  RL=5
IS2 + C
vs(t)=10cos10t L=0.5H
–
A
Purely
IS1 Resistive VAB For the circuit as shown, what is the value of
M
Network C that leads to maximum power transfer to

B the load, if the value of L is 0.5 H?
In the network as shown, with IS1 = 5A, IS2 = (a) 0.1 F (b) 0.01 F
10A, VAB = 120 V, and with IS1 = 10A, IS2 =
(c) 0.001 F (d) 0.01 F
S
5A, VAB = 15 V. What is the value of k to

describe IS1 = k IS2, such that VAB = 0?
Ans. (b)
(a) 2.5 (b) 3.5
Sol.
IE
(c) 5.5 (d) 6.5
Ans. (a)
10 5
Sol.
C
Let K1 and K2 be two constants. +
Vo=10cos10t
The two equation can be formed as, – L=0.5H
5K1 + 10K2 = 120 … (i)

10K1 + 5K2 = 15 … (ii)
150.
10 5
j 2
2
+ 10C
10cos10t 2V 1 2A
j5
R
– 3V
The impedance seen by the source, is
TE
The current in the 1  resistor in the network
 j  as shown is
(5  j5)   
Z eq  10   10C  (a) 2.00 A (b) 2.25 A
 1 
5  j 5   (c) 2.50 A (d) 2.75 A
 10C 
AS
Ans. (b)
 j(5  j5) Sol.
Z eq  10 
50C  j(50C  1)
V
5  j5 2
 10  2
50C  j(50C  1)
M
2V 1 2A
3V
(5  j5) 50C  j(50C  1)
 10 
k
For maximum power transfer, the imaginary KCL at node V
S
part of Zeq will be zero,

V 1 V  3 V
250C + 5(50C – 1) = 0   20
2 2 1
IE
500C – 5 = 0
 V = 2.25 Volt
5
C = 0.01 F Current through 1 resistance is
500
V
i = = 2.25 A
R

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not change instantaneously.

The circuit diagram for time t = 0+ can be

time t = 0, the switch S1 moves to position A

(a) 2.5 V (b) 2.0 V  Vout at t = 0+ = 0V

(c) 17.320  (d) 7.320

= F is excited by a 100 V dc source. The

and for step response

(b) Ke2t sin 8t

(d) K1e2t  K 2e 4t where, 1

Ans. (a) Only option (a) satisfies the given expression.

Sol. The given circuit is drawn as given below

(c) increase linearly from zero to 20A in 2 s,

8. Consider the following statements regarding

2. Total power can be measured for the three- V1 ZC V2

phase load irrespective of, whether the

(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 A D 1 1

Sol. Power measurement of three-phase circuit A 1 D 1

I1 D (c) 12,6,6 and 4

Therefore, the z-parameter of the network

The z-parameter for the t-circuit given can ZC

Z22  ZB  ZC  6 Ans. (c)

Ans. (c) The nearest option is 40 J/m3

The direction of H can be given by right

direction of H. Thus direction of H is â y

14. A hollow metallic sphere of radius R is charged 10 V 1 1F

to a surface density of  . The strength of the

In the circuit as shown in figure, the switch is

Ans. (d) Ans. (b)

17. Which of the following statements are correct

(a) 10 pF (b) 50 pF (c) 1, 2 and 4 only (d) 2, 3 and 4 only

(c) 100 pF (d) 150 pF Ans. (b)

(c) 286 (d) 256 The data bus consists of 32 to hundreds

(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

clock small fixed size chunks called pages. It

transferred at one time

(d) 100.....000 and exponent value of –1 In function f  p  1001, q  2001

scheduling of processes. The average waiting

(a) 7.5 ms (b) 6.5 ms

= 5.5 msec (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only

signal speed 2,00,000 km/s is Sol. 1. System call is used as an interface

semiconductor diodes and transistors are

3. When currents flow through the diode in

{ (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only

int count = 0; (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 2 and 3 only

while (num) Ans. (a)

amplifier reduced its gain from 200 to 100. If

(a) 400 (b) 450

Ia = 5A, N0 = 1000 rpm

We know that L{tn} =

n 1  Ea = 250  3.75  0.5 = 248.125V

Now, back emf.

Ea = VS  IaRa = 250 – 63.18 × 0.5

So in series field winding, as Ia increases

0 Armature Current (Ia) In shunt field winding, voltage applied across

of the following features is relevant?

Effectiv e rotor resistance for backward

Effective resistance of rotor is given as

36. A 400 V, 50 Hz, 30 hp, three phase induction s = slip

E20 or X2 = 15 × 0.25 = 3.75 

39. A 3-phase, 37 kW induction motor has an

Now, let stator copper loss = P, then