IP Alien SONET/SDH is

IP IP Wavelengths
TDM IP Ethernet
Managed Transport
Voice ESCON “Server” layer for
TDM
PL FC existing service
ATM
“clients”

SONET IP builds over WDM

/SDH Ethernet
… so does Ethernet

… and ESCON, FC,

OTN/G.709 l services

WDM WDM augments

SONET/SDH capacity

OTN provides the necessary Managed Transparent

Service for all Transport Clients
WDM is now an unmanaged network “Server” to many transport
“Clients” (which now includes SONET/SDH)
The Optical Transport Network (OTN)

OTN is an ITU-T recommendation defining standard interfaces

and rates for high bandwidth optical clients and provides a
framework for WDM networking

OTN dates back to 1998 and is now recognized as the next

generation switched transport solution for multi-service
packet/optical networks

OTN provides a robust multi-service transport infrastructure

1.

scaling beyond 40G per wavelength

OTN structure includes a digital wrapper, a multiplexing

2.

hierarchy, and comprehensive layered instrumentation

 Client

OPU
For Client Service Mapping OH
OCh Payload Unit (OPU) Payload

ODU
For Switching and Multiplexing OH
OCh Data Unit (ODU) Payload

OTU
For Transmission
OH
OCh Transport Unit (OTU) Payload FEC

Digital
For Management
E/O and O/E Adaptation
Analog
OCh
Optical Channel (OCh)
OH

OCC OCC Optical Channel Carrier (OCC)

OH OH OCC OCC OCC OCC

OMS
Optical Multiplex Section (OMS)
OTM OH
Overhead
Signal OTS
Optical Transmission Section (OTS)
(OOS) OH
 Frame Alignment Overhead OTUk Overhead OTUk FEC

• Contains information • Provides section operations Implementation of

used to synchronize and maintenance Forward Error
frames • Section monitoring Correction code
• Communications channels

Column
Row 1 7 8 14 15 16 17 3824 3825 4080
1 FA OH OTUk OH O
2 P
OPUk Payload OTUk FEC
U
3 ODUk OH (4 x 3808 bytes) (4 x 256 bytes)
k
4 OH

ODUk Overhead OPUk Overhead OPUk Payload

• Contains information for end • Provides information for • Contains the client
to end path supervision and adaptation of client signals signal to be transported
• Mapping information • Optional synchronous
maintenance
and asynchronous
• Path Monitoring • Payload type
signals
• Fault type and location • Stuffing Information
• Communications channels
• Tandem Connection
Monitoring
• Protection
 1 2 3 4 5 6
Column
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
PSI

1 Frame Alignment MFAS SM GCC0 RES RES JC

PT
PM& TCM
2 RES TCM6 TCM5 TCM4 FTFL RES JC
TCM ACT
Row 3 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1 PM EXP RES JC
MSI/RES

RES
4 GCC1 GCC2 APS/PCC RES PSI NJO

ACT Activation/deactivation control channel

APS Automatic Protection Switching channel Section, Path & Tandem Connection Monitor
BDI Backward Defect Indication 1 2 3
BEI Backward Error Indication TTI BIP-8
BIAE Backward Incoming Alignment Error
BIP-8 Bit Interleaved Parity – level 8
DAPI Destination Access Point Identifier 0
DMp Delay Measurement – path level
DMtn Delay Measurement – tandem level n SAPI
EXP Experimental (source)
FTFL Fault Type and Fault Location channel 15 SM BEI/BIAE BDI IAE RES
GCC General Communications Channel
16
IAE Incoming Alignment Error
DAPI TCMi BEI/BIAE BDI STAT
JC Justification Control
MFAS Multi-frame Alignment Signal (destination)
NJO Negative Justification Opportunity BEI BDI STAT
31 PM
PCC Protection Communication Channel
32
PM Path Monitor
PSI Payload Structure Identifier Operator Path & Tandem Connection Delay
PT Payload Type Specific PM&
RES Reserved TCM DMt1 DMt2 DMt3 DMt4 DMt5 DMt6 DMp RES
63
SAPI Source Access Point Identifier
SM Section Monitor
STAT Status
TCM Tandem Connection Monitor
TTI Trail Trace Identifier
 PT Hex Code Interpretation
02 Asynchronous CBR mapping
03 Bit-synchronous mapping
05 GFP Mapping
PSI
06 VCAT signal
PT 20 ODU Multiplex Structure (ODU1)
MSI/RES
21 ODU Multiplex Structure (ODU0)
RES

Generic OPU3 MSI Coding – PT20 Generic OPU3 MSI Coding – PT21
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
ODU type Tributary port # ODU type Tributary port #

00: ODTU13 00 0000: Tributary Port 1 00: ODTU13 00 0000: Tributary Port 1
01: ODTU23 00 0001: Tributary Port 2 01: ODTU23 00 0001: Tributary Port 2
10: Reserved ……….. 10: ODTU3.ts ………..
11: Reserved 00 1111: Tributary Port 16 11: Reserved 01 1111: Tributary Port32
 Client Service
Client Port OTN ODU SNC OTN
Switch Switch

ROADM
ROADM
ILA OCH/OTU Link 2
OMS Link 1 ROADM
OTS Link 1 OCH/OTU Link 1
OMS Link 2 OTS Link 3

OTS Link 2

Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4

ODU Path from ODU Switch OCH Switch ODU Switch

Source to Destination
3R
(ODU termination)

Integrated Optical Transponder/

SR Optics
WDM Optics Amplifier Regenerator Client Port
OTU Sections between ODU SNC SONET/SDH
Ethernet
Regeneration Points Fibre Channel

OCH/OTU OCH/OTU
(OTU termination) Link 2
Link 1

OMS Sections between OMS Link 1 OMS Link 2

Optical Add/Drop Points
OTS Link 1 OTS Link 2 OTS Link 3
(OMS termination)

OTS Sections between

Optical Amplifier Points
(OSC termination)
 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6
TCM5 TCM5 TCM5 TCM5 TCM5 TCM5 TCM5 TCM5 TCM5 TCM5 TCM5 TCM5
TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCM4 TCM4
TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCM3 TCMi
TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 TCM2 Overhead
TCM1 TCM1 TCM1 TCM1 TCM1 TCM1 TCM1 TCM1 TCM1 TCM1 TCM1 TCM1
PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM

ODUk
Operator A Operator C Client
User Signal
User Operator B
Client
Signal

NNI CM NNI CM NNI CM

UNI CM
QoS of Leased Connection is Monitored by User
Path CM

Provide management visibility at multiple (nested) levels

Note: There is no standard for which TCM is used by which operator.
To avoid conflicts, operators have to agree on TCM utilization.
 1 A-end node configured 2 B-end node configured
to source and measure to loopback specified
Tframe specific PM/TCM DM bit PM/TCM DM bit

00001111
A B
11110000

3 Insert bit transition 4 Detect bit transition 5 Calculate latency = (Nf – Ni)×Tframe/2,
into specified on specified where Tframe=ODU frame time
PM/TCM DM bit PM/TCM DM bit
and start frame and stop frame errormax ≤ Tframe + (Dr-Dt)/2,
counter (value=Ni) counter (value=Nf ) where Dr and Dt are receive and
transmit propagation delays

→ Latency measurement accuracy determined by frame time and delay

asymmetry between transmit and receive directions
Receive and transmit frames are not synchronous nor in-phase resulting
in latency variation of up to one frame time (single frame uncertainty at
source and loopback divided by two)
Delay asymmetry results in latency error of one-half the delay differential
between the transmit and receive delay
 Signal Propagation Consequent Action Detect Generate Forward Operation Backward Operation
OCh OTUk ODUk ODUj or
Loss of Signal – Payload (LOS-P) Client
Optical
Loss of Frame (LOF), Loss of Lane (LOL),
Channel
Loss of Lane Frame (LOLFRAME)
(OCh)
OTU Alarm Indication Signal (AIS)
Loss of Multiframe (LOM)
ODUk-AIS
FEC Corrected Errors (FECcorrErr)

Backward Defect Indicator (BDI)

Section
Monitoring Trace Identifier Mismatch (TIM)
(SM) Backward Incoming Alignment Error (BIAE)
Incoming Alignment Error (IAE) Only applicable
Backward Error Indicator (BEI) DEG when TIM
Bit Interleaved Parity (BIP-8) consequent actions
are enabled
Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) (via STAT)
Path &
Tandem Connection Backward Defect Indicator (BDI)
Monitoring All detection and
Trace Identifier Mismatch (TIM)
(PM & TCM) generation functions
Locked (LCK), Open Connection Indication (OCI),
specified for the
Loss of Tandem Connection (LTC, TCM only) (via STAT)
ODUk are repeated
Backward Incoming Alignment Error (BIAE) (TCM only) for the ODUj
Incoming Alignment Error (IAE) (via STAT,TCM only)
Backward Error Indicator (BEI) DEG
Bit Interleaved Parity (BIP-8)
Loss of Frame and Multiframe (LOFLOM, only
applicable to ODUk/ODUj multiplexing)

Payload Multiplex Structure identifier (MSI) ODUj-AIS

Structure Identifier
Payload Type (PT)
(PSI)
Client
Client Signal Fail (CSF)
Specific E.g., PN-11, LF, etc.
 Frame
G.709 Defined Rates Times
Based on support for GE
(1/2 of ODU1 payload) ODU0 1.244 × 255/239
98.354
OC48/STM16 × 239/238 ODU1 2.499 OTU1 2.666 48.971
OC192/STM64 × 239/237 ODU2 10.037 OTU2 10.709 12.191
OC768/STM256/40GE × 239/236 ODU3 40.319 OTU3 43.018 3.035
Based on support for 100GE
(10 × OC192/STM64 × 239/227 ODU4 104.794 OTU4 111.810 1.168

Non-Standard Supplemental Rates

10GE* × 239/238 ODU1e 10.356 OTU1e 11.049 11.816
10GE** × 239/237 ODU2e † 10.400 OTU2e 11.096 11.767
Based on support for 4 x ODU2e (@2.5G TS)
(4 x ODU2e × 239/238) ODU3e1 41.773 OTU3e1 44.569 2.929
Based on support for 4 x ODU2e (@1.25G TS)
(OC768/STM256 × 243/217 × 239/255) ODU3e2 41.786 OTU3e2 44.583 2.928

* Transparent 10.3125 Gbps Bitstream All rates provided in Gbps and times in μs
** Transparent 10.3125 Gbps Bitstream (Includes Fixed Stuff Bytes) OTU rate based on RS (255,239) FEC coding
† ODU2e is included in G.709
SONET OC768 Client OPU3 ODU3 (L)
Rate x4
or OTU3 OCh 43.018G
Hierarchy OPU3 ODU3 (H)
40.319G
ODTU13
x16 ODTU23
x4

OC192 Client OPU2 ODU2 (L)

or OTU2 OCh 10.709G
x4 OPU2 ODU2 (H)
10.037G
ODTU12
x4

OC48 Client OPU1 ODU1 (L)

OTU1 OCh 2.666G
2.499G

Mapping ODUk (L) = Low Order ODU

Multiplexing ODUk (H) = High Order ODU
Client OPU4 ODU4 (L)
or OTU4 OCh 111.809G
OPU4 ODU4 (H)
104.794G
x80 ODTU4.ts
x40 x10 x80/ts
x10
x2

Client OPU3 ODU3 (L)

or OTU3 OCh 43.018G
OPU3 ODU3 (H)

ODTU3.ts 40.319G
x32 x3 ODTU13
x16 x32/ts
x4 ODTU23
10GbE OPU2e ODU2e (L)

Client OPU2 ODU2 (L)

or OTU2 OCh 10.709G
OPU2 ODU2 (H)
10.037G
ODTU2.ts
x8 ODTU12 x8/ts
x4

Client OPU1 ODU1 (L)

or OTU1 OCh 2.666G
OPU1 ODU1 (H)
2.499G
ODTU01 ODUflex (L) OPUflex Client
x2
Client

OPU0 ODU0 (L)

1.244G

Mapping ODUk (L) = Low Order ODU

Multiplexing ODUk (H) = High Order ODU
→ Multi-stage muxing likely to be required due to network migration

Allows LO ODUk to HO ODUk to even higher HO ODUk

May be required when muxponders are used on line system (e.g., 40G switch interface
to line system 40G-to-100G muxponder to 100G switch interface)

Significantly increases networking and muxing complexity

Control plane bandwidth advertisement more complex than just available timeslots
→ Single stage multiplexing recommended by ITU in G.872

All LO ODUk muxed directly to HO ODUk (no LO to HO to even higher HO)

Reduces complexity of networking topologies

Reduces complexity of equipment multiplexing structure

Reduces complexity of control plane bandwidth advertisement (available timeslots)

Adopted by Ciena for line side (Intra-domain, I-NNI) interfaces

 ODU2 with PT20 (AMP) – 2.5G TS ODU2 with PT21 (GMP) – 1.25G TS

ODU2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2.5G ODU2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1.25G

MSI TS # MSI TS #
PSI[2] 00 00 0000 1 PSI[2] ODTU type Tributary Port # 1
PSI[3] 00 00 0001 2
PSI[3] ODTU type Tributary Port # 2
PSI[4] 00 00 0010 3
PSI[4] ODTU type Tributary Port # 3
PSI[5] 00 00 0011 4
PSI[5] ODTU type Tributary Port # 4

PSI[6] ODTU type Tributary Port # 5

PSI[7] ODTU type Tributary Port # 6

PSI[8] ODTU type Tributary Port # 7

PSI[9] ODTU type Tributary Port # 8

AMP - Asynchronous Mapping Procedure (client and server rates asynchronous)

Monitors client rate relative to server rate (derived from local oscillator) and performs stuffing
operations once per lower rate container frame (negative and positive justification operations)
Signals stuffing operations through justification control bits to far end (demux)

GMP - Generic Mapping Procedure (client and server rates synchronous or asynchronous)
Monitors client rate relative to server rate, adjusts number of bytes sent per server frame, and
distributes bytes evenly throughout server frame
Signals bytes (and residual bits) per frame via Cm and CnD control bits to far end (demux)
 ODU3 with PT20 (AMP) – 2.5G TS ODU3 with PT21 (GMP) – 1.25G TS
ODU3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2.5G ODU3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1.25G
MSI TS # MSI TS #
PSI[2] ODTU type Tributary Port # 1 PSI[2] ODTU type Tributary Port # 1
PSI[3] ODTU type Tributary Port # 2 PSI[3] ODTU type Tributary Port # 2
PSI[4] ODTU type Tributary Port # 3 PSI[4] ODTU type Tributary Port # 3
PSI[5] ODTU type Tributary Port # 4 PSI[5] ODTU type Tributary Port # 4
PSI[6] ODTU type Tributary Port # 5 PSI[6] ODTU type Tributary Port # 5
PSI[7] ODTU type Tributary Port # 6 PSI[7] ODTU type Tributary Port # 6
PSI[8] ODTU type Tributary Port # 7 PSI[8] ODTU type Tributary Port # 7
PSI[9] ODTU type Tributary Port # 8 PSI[9] ODTU type Tributary Port # 8
PSI[10] ODTU type Tributary Port # 9 PSI[10] ODTU type Tributary Port # 9
PSI[11] ODTU type Tributary Port # 10 PSI[11] ODTU type Tributary Port # 10
PSI[12] ODTU type Tributary Port # 11 PSI[12] ODTU type Tributary Port # 11
PSI[13] ODTU type Tributary Port # 12 : : : :
PSI[14] ODTU type Tributary Port # 13 PSI[30] ODTU type Tributary Port # 29
PSI[15] ODTU type Tributary Port # 14 PSI[31] ODTU type Tributary Port # 30
PSI[16] ODTU type Tributary Port # 15 PSI[32] ODTU type Tributary Port # 31
PSI[17] ODTU type Tributary Port # 16 PSI[33] ODTU type Tributary Port # 32
ODU4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1.25G
MSI TS #

PSI[2] Occupation Tributary Port # 1

PSI[3] Occupation Tributary Port # 2
PSI[4] Occupation Tributary Port # 3
PSI[5] Occupation Tributary Port # 4
PSI[6] Occupation Tributary Port # 5
PSI[7] Occupation Tributary Port # 6
PSI[8] Occupation Tributary Port # 7
PSI[9] Occupation Tributary Port # 8
PSI[10] Occupation Tributary Port # 9
PSI[11] Occupation Tributary Port # 10
PSI[12] Occupation Tributary Port # 11
: : : :
PSI[78] Occupation Tributary Port # 77
PSI[79] Occupation Tributary Port # 78
PSI[80] Occupation Tributary Port # 79
PSI[81] Occupation Tributary Port # 80
 Automatically created Manually created

X
F OTU2 OTU2 ODU2CTP 1-A-4-12-2P1 C
a PTP TTP
c
e ODU2TTP 1-A-4-12-2P1 ODU1CTP 1-A-4-12-2P1-1P4
p
l
a
t ODU2TTP 1-A-4-12-2P1 ODU0CTP 1-A-4-12-2P1-0P8
e

PTP: Physical Termination Point

• Monitors and Terminates the Physical layer from the Faceplate
• Originates the Physical layer towards the Faceplate
OTUk TTP (Trail Termination Point)
• Monitors and Terminates the OTUk layer from the Faceplate
• Originates the OTUk layer towards the Faceplate
ODUTTP (Trail Termination Point)
• Monitors and Terminates the ODU layer from the Faceplate
• Originates the ODU layer towards the Faceplate
• Lower Order ODU TTPs and CTPs are multiplexed into it from the XC
ODUCTP (Connection Termination Point)
• No monitoring of the ODUk
• Provides a connection function through the XC
 Automatically created Step 1 Step 2

X
F OTU2 OTU2 ODU2TTP C
PTP TTP (PT20)
1-A-4-12-2P1 ODU1CTP 1-A-4-12-2P1-1P4
a
c
e ODU2TTP
(PT21)
1-A-4-12-2P1 ODU1CTP 1-A-4-12-2P1-1P4
p
l
a
t ODU2TTP
(PT21)
1-A-4-12-2P1 ODU0CTP 1-A-4-12-2P1-0P8
e

PTP: Physical Termination Point

• Monitors and Terminates the Physical layer from the Faceplate
• Originates the Physical layer towards the Faceplate
OTUk TTP (Trail Termination Point)
• Monitors and Terminates the OTUk layer from the Faceplate
• Originates the OTUk layer towards the Faceplate
ODUTTP (Trail Termination Point)
• Monitors and Terminates the ODU layer from the Faceplate
• Originates the ODU layer towards the Faceplate
• Lower Order ODU TTPs and CTPs are multiplexed into it from the XC
ODUCTP (Connection Termination Point)
• No monitoring of the ODUk
• Provides a connection function through the XC
 Automatically created Manually created

X
OTU3 OTU3 C
ODU3CTP 1-A-4-12-3P1
PTP TTP
F
a
c ODU3TTP 1-A-4-12-2P1 ODU2CTP 1-A-4-12-3P1-2P2
e
p
l
a
ODU3TTP 1-A-4-12-2P1 ODU1CTP 1-A-4-12-3P1-1P3
t
e
ODU3TTP 1-A-4-12-2P1 ODU0CTP 1-A-4-12-3P1-0P32

PTP: Physical Termination Point

• Monitors and Terminates the Physical layer from the Faceplate
• Originates the Physical layer towards the Faceplate
OTUk TTP (Trail Termination Point)
• Monitors and Terminates the OTUk layer from the Faceplate
• Originates the OTUk layer towards the Faceplate
ODUTTP (Trail Termination Point)
• Monitors and Terminates the ODU layer from the Faceplate
• Originates the ODU layer towards the Faceplate
• Lower Order ODU TTPs and CTPs are multiplexed into it from the XC
ODUCTP (Connection Termination Point)
• No monitoring of the ODUk
• Provides a connection function through the XC
 NTK667AA: 10x10G PKT/OTN I/F
OTN Switching Options
Scenario 1 – OTN Switched non-OTN client –
not GFP mapped, one card
Facility AID

PTP PTP-shelf-{slot x}-port

Physical
OCH Client ODUk To XC ETTP, STTP ETTP-shelf-{slot x}-port,
Port
STTP-shelf-{slot x{-port
Slot x ODUk CTP ODUCTP-shelf-{slot x}-port-kP1
PTP xTTP ODUk
CTP

To XC k= 2, 2e

Scenario 2 – Ethernet client – GFP mapped, one

card

Facility AID
Physical
To ODUk
PTP PTP-shelf-{slot x}-port
OCH Ethernet GFP XC To XC
Port
ETTP ETTP-shelf-{slot x}-port
Slot x WAN WAN-shelf-{slot x}-port
WAN ODUk
PTP ETTP CTP ODUk CTP ODUCTP-shelf-{slot x}-port-kP1
To XC k= 2
 NTK667AA: 10x10G PKT/OTN I/F
OTN Switching Options – cont’d

Scenario 3 – OTN port, switched at line rate, one

card Facility AID

PTP PTP-shelf-{slot x}-port

Physical OTUkTTP OTUTTP-shelf-{slot x}-port

OTUk ODUk To XC
Port OCH ODUk CTP ODUCTP-shelf-{slot x}-port-kP1

k= 2, 2e
Slot x
PTP OTUkTTP ODUk
CTP
To XC
 NTK667AA: 10x10G PKT/OTN I/F
OTN Switching Options – cont’d

Scenario 4 – OTN port, switched at less than line

rate, 1 level of muxing, one card Facility AID

PTP PTP-shelf-{slot x}-port

OTUkTTP OTUTTP-shelf-{slot x}-port
Physical
OTUk ODUk ODUj To XC
Port OCH ODUkTTP ODUTTP-shelf-{slot x}-port-kP1
ODUjCTP ODUCTP-shelf-{slot x}-port-kP1-jPn

Slot x k= 2
ODUkTTP ODUjCTP j = 0, 1
PTP OTUkTTP

To XC
NTK667AA: 10x10G PKT/OTN I/F
OTN Mapping Support
ODU2
10GE MAC ODU2
PT=0x05
GFPSTD (Gsup43 section 6.2)

10GE MAC ODU2 ODU2

PT=0x09
GFPMACOSTR (Gsup43 section 7.3)

MAC ODU2e
10GE ODU2e
PT=0x03
Faceplate

PROP237
(Gsup43 section 7.1)

OC192/ ODU2
ODU2

Fabric
STM64 PT=0x03
BMP
(G709 section 17.2.2)
OC192/ ODU2
STM64 ODU2
PT=0x02
AMP
(G709 section 17.2.2)

OTU2 ODU2 ODU2

ODU0 ODU0
x8
ODU2
OTU2 x4 ODU1 ODU1
PT=0x21

ODU2 x4
OTU2 ODU1 ODU1
PT=0x20

OTU2e ODU2e ODU2e

 NTK665AA: 100G PKT/OTN XCIF
OTN Switching Options - 100G OCLD paired with100G PKT/OTN
XCIF – cont’d

Scenario 1 – OTN port, switched at less than line Facility AID

rate, 1 level of muxing, two cards
PTP PTP-shelf-{slot x}-port
OTUkTTP OTUTTP-shelf-{slot x}-port
Physical FTTP FTTP-shelf-{slot x’}-port
1
OTUk ODUk ODUj To XC
Port OCH 1
ODUkTTP ODUTTP-shelf-{slot x’}-port -kP1
1
ODUjCTP ODUCTP-shelf-{slot x’}-port -kP1-jPn

1
port = 100 if OCLD/XCIF
Slot x Slot x’
PTP FTTP ODUkTTP ODUjCTP k= 4
OTUkTTP
j = 0, 1, 2, 2e, 3
To XC
 NTK665AA: 100G PKT/OTN XCIF
OTN Switching Options - 100G OCLD paired with 100G PKT/OTN
XCIF – cont’d

Scenario 2 – OTN port, switched at less than line Facility AID

rate, 2 levels of muxing, two cards
PTP PTP-shelf-{slot x}-port
OTUkTTP OTUTTP-shelf-{slot x}-port
1
FTTP FTTP-shelf-{slot x’}-port
Physical
OTUk ODUk ODUj ODUi To XC
Port OCH
1
ODUkTTP ODUTTP-shelf-{slot x’}-port -kP1
1
ODUjTTP ODUTTP-shelf-{slot x’}-port -kP1-jPn
1
ODUiCTP ODUCTP-shelf-{slot x’}-port -kP1-jPn-iPm

Slot x Slot x’ 1
port = 100 if OCLD/XCIF
PTP FTTP ODUkTTP ODUjTTP ODUiCTP
OTUkTTP
k= 4
To XC j=2
i = 0, 1
 NTK665AA: 100G PKT/OTN XCIF
OTN Switching Options – 100G OCI paired with 100G PKT/OTN
XCIF – cont’d

Scenario 1 – OTN port, switched at less than line Facility AID

rate, 1 level of muxing, two cards
PTP PTP-shelf-{slot x}-port
OTUkTTP OTUTTP-shelf-{slot x}-port
Physical FTTP FTTP-shelf-{slot x’}-port
1
OTUk ODUk ODUj To XC
Port OCH 1
ODUkTTP ODUTTP-shelf-{slot x’}-port -kP1
1
ODUjCTP ODUCTP-shelf-{slot x’}-port -kP1-jPn
1
port = 100 if OCI/XCIF

Slot x Slot x’
PTP OTUkTTP FTTP ODUkTTP ODUjCTP k= 4
j = 0, 1, 2, 2e, 3
To XC
NTK665AA: 100G PKT/OTN XCIF
OTN Mapping Support – 100G OCLD paired with 100G PKT/OTN XCIF
ODU2 ODU0 ODU0
PT=0x20

ODU1 ODU1

ODU2
PT=0x21
Faceplate

Fabric
ODU4
OTU4 PT=0x21
ODU2 ODU2

ODU2e ODU2e

ODU3 ODU3
 → Physical Electrical Layers
OPU → End-to-End Monitoring
Electrical → Inter-Domain Interworking
(Digital) ODU
Domain → Client Transparency
OTU
→ Sub-Wavelength ODU Switching
→ High Efficiency Grooming

→ Physical Optical Layers

OCh
Optical → Standardized Optical Layer Model
(Analog) OPS → Provides Inter-Domain Interworking
Domain
OMS → Client Transparency

OTS
→ Full-Wavelength OCh Switching
→ Wavelength Selective Bypass
 OTS → Optical Transmission Section (OTS)
Physical optical signal consisting of multiplexed payload wavelengths plus an optical
supervisory channel wavelength
Provides for optical amplification, dispersion compensation, and management overhead for
the physical optical transmission section
OMS → Optical Multiplex Section (OMS)
Optical signal consisting of multiplexed payload wavelengths (each wavelength representing
an individual optical channel)

Optical Provides for optical amplification, dispersion compensation, and management overhead for
the physical optical multiplex section
(Analog)
Provides multiplexing/demultiplexing of optical channels and management overhead for the
Domain optical multiplex section
OPS → Optical Physical Section (OPS)
Optical signal consisting of multiplexed payload wavelengths but with no optical supervisory
channel (each wavelength representing an individual optical channel)
Provides for optical amplification and dispersion compensation for the optical physical section
Provides multiplexing/demultiplexing of optical channels for the optical physical section

OCh → Optical Channel (OCh)

Represents a single traffic signal (single wavelength), contains optical functions which allow
purely optical implementations and electrical functions some of which reside in the OTU
frame
Provides traffic signal generation and recovery (framing, scrambling, FEC, etc.) and
management overhead for the optical channel (electrical functions)
 OPU → Optical Channel Transport Unit (OTU)
Provides the electrical functions to support the management of an optical
channel section, i.e., section monitor (section trail trace identifier, section error
detection code (BIP-8), defect indication functions, general communications
channel)
Provides for transport of the optical channel data unit
Electrical ODU → Optical Channel Data Unit (ODU)
(Digital) Provides the electrical functions to support the management of an optical
Domain channel data path, i.e., path monitor (path trail trace identifier, path error
detection code (BIP-8), defect indication functions), general communications
channel, and automatic protection switching channel
Provides the electrical functions to support the management of optical channel
data tandem connections, i.e., tandem connection monitors (tandem connection
trail trace identifier, tandem connection path error detection code (BIP-8), defect
indication functions), and automatic protection switching channel
Provides for transport of the optical channel payload
OTU → Optical Channel Payload Unit (OPU)
Supports the mapping of a variety of client signal types (GFP, constant bit-rate
(SDH), etc.)
Provides payload type defect detection
Provides payload structure information and defect detection (supports ODU
multiplexing)
→ Mapping methods provide a means for rate adapting a client signal into a server layer
container (ODUj or ODUflex)
Three methods: Asynchronous Mapping Procedure (AMP), Bit-synchronous Mapping Procedure (BMP) and
Generic Mapping Procedure (GMP)
Mapping may also utilize client signal transcoding (e.g., GFP, 1024B/1027B, etc)

→ Bit-synchronous Mapping Procedure (server rate synchronous to client rate)

Bit synchronously maps client signal into server layer payload area

→ Asynchronous Mapping Procedure (client and server rates asynchronous)

Monitors client rate relative to server rate (derived from local oscillator) and performs stuffing operations
once per lower rate container frame (negative and positive justification operations)
Signals stuffing operations through justification control bits to far end (demux)

→ Generic Mapping Procedure (client and server rates synchronous or asynchronous)

Monitors client rate relative to server rate, adjusts number of bytes sent per server frame, and distributes
bytes evenly throughout server frame
Signals bytes (and residual bits) per frame via Cm and CnD control bits to far end (demux)
→ Asynchronous mapping - ODUk clock is derived from a local oscillator
and the client signal is rate adapted into it
Supports OC-48/192/768 mapping into ODU1/2/3
→ Bit-synchronous mapping - ODU clock is derived from and synchronous
to the client clock (no rate adaptation performed)
Client signal into ODUflex(CBR)
OC-48 into ODU1
OC-192 into ODU2
Transparent 10GbE and transcoded FC-1200 into ODU2e
OC-768 mapping to ODU3
→ Generic mapping procedure - ODU clock is derived from a local oscillator
and the client signal is rate adapted using GMP
STM-1/4, OC-3/12, timing transparent GbE, and FC-100 into ODU0
HD-SDI video and FC-200 into ODU1
Transcoded 40GbE into ODU3
100GbE into ODU4
GFP-F mapped “right-sized” clients into ODUflex