‫ﺑﺴﻢ اﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬

cLInIcAL And APPLIEd AnATOMY

LIVER, bILIARY SYSTEM
PORTAL SYSTEM

bY
dR. OMER AbdELSALAM MOhAMMEd
2018

dR.OMER'S PPT
 1/ LIVER

*Right and Left Lobes: separated by

falciform ligament
*Caudate and Quadrate Lobes: found
on posterior/inferior side
*Blood vessels:
*Hepatic artery/vein and hepatic portal
vein
*Gallbladder: found underneath left
lobe, stores bile
*
* Filters and processes nutrient-rich blood of carbohydrates,
proteins, and lipids from intestine
* Production and regulation of cholesterol
* Production of bile which emulsifies fats
* Removes drugs and hormones from circulation
* Storage of vitamins and minerals
*Liver Lobules: structural unit of liver
*Hepatocytes: liver cells contained within the lobules
*Hepatic portal vein & Hepatic Artery: the circulation of
the liver, they bring blood into the liver where it is
filtered through the liver sinusoidal capillaries
*Kupffer cells: remove debris
*Filtered blood drains into the central vein, then to the
hepatic vein, and eventually to the inferior vena cava
*Bile (produced by hepatocytes) drains into the bile duct
after passing through portal triad
*Bile then shipped to gallbladder for storage
Lobule Central Connective
vein tissue septum

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 Interlobular veins Microscopic anatomy of the liver
(to hepatic vein)
Central vein

Sinusoids
Bile canaliculi
Plates of
hepatocytes

Bile duct (receives

bile from bile
canaliculi)
Fenestrated
lining (endothelial
cells) of sinusoids

Bile duct
Portal venule Portal triad
Stellate macrophages Hepatic arteriole
in sinusoid walls

Portal vein

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

*
Blood supply
- receives fresh O2 blood from hepatic artery (off of aorta)
- receives deoxygenated blood with nutrients (from small
intestine)
- hepatic portal vein
- From liver- hepatic vein- inferior vena cava
Hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery and bile ducts make
up the portal triad.
 2/ bILIARY SYSTEM

*Bile ducts are present at every portal triad

*Bile flows down bile canaliculi (tiny canals)
between adjacent hepatocytes towards bile
duct branches at every portal triad
*Bile enters the bile ducts which drain into the
common hepatic duct
*Bile emulsifies fats, separating them into
smaller parts
*Bilirubin: the chief bile pigment, a waste
product of the heme of hemoglobin formed
during the breakdown of worn-out erythrocytes
 Liver, Pancreas, Duodenum

Right and left

hepatic ducts
of liver
Cystic duct
Common hepatic duct
Bile duct and sphincter
Accessory pancreatic duct

Mucosa
with folds Tail of pancreas
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Jejunum
Major duodenal
papilla
Main pancreatic duct and sphincter
Hepatopancreatic
ampulla and sphincter Duodenum Head of pancreas
* Thin-walled muscular sac on ventral surface of liver
* Stores and concentrates bile by absorbing water and ions
* Muscular contractions release bile via cystic duct, which flows
into bile duct
* “Biliary tree” = gall bladder plus the ducts

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

*Bile exits cystic duct upon
stimulation
*CCK released when
acidic, fatty chyme enters
intestines
*Causes:
* Gallbladder Contraction
* Pancreatic Juice Secretion
* Relaxation of
hepatopancreatic sphincter