Sensemaking Tasks in Physics Education Research, Chapter 1

81 MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION
B1 MorloN lN ONE Dln,lerustot't

81.RTO1: STROBE PUOTOORAPHS OF SPHEHES-DISPLACEMENT I
In each case, a sphere is moving liom leli to right next to a tape marked in melers. A strobe (flash) photograph is
takel every secdnd. and the loc-ation of'the sphele is recorcled. The total time intervals shown are not the same fbr all
spheres.
A fo i
Q
2 3 t4 5' 96 1= ?8 9r ?'
lom
B foQ
o i
Q rt 5, 6r r1 ?
2 3, ?
,'
8 r9 lom
c
Rank the magnitude of the displacement over the first 2 seconds.

OR TI
ll
4 Al1 Alt Cannot
Least the same zero determine
Explain your reasoning.
81.RTO2: STNOAE PNOTOCRNPHS OF SPHERES_DISPLACEMENT II

In each case. a sphere is moving liom leti to ri-uht next to a tape marked in meters. A strobe (I1ash)photograph is
taken every seconci, and the location ol thc sphele is recorcled. Thc tottrl tirne intcrvals shown are not the sarlrc fbr all
spheres.
Rank the magnitude of the displacement over the first 3 seconds.

OR
L_l L__l
I 4 A11 A1l Cannot
Create st Leqq.! the same zero detennine
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33
TIPERS
81-RT03: SrRoee PnorocRapns or SpnERps-AvERacE Veloctry I

ln cach case, a sphere is moving florn lelr to right next to a tape marked in nrcters. A strobe (flash) photo-qraph is
taken every second, and the location of the sphere is rccorded. The total time intervals shown are not the sarne tbr all
spheres.
A o o o
0 I 2 4 5 6 1 8 9 l0 rr
le OOO I
O
I I
O o
I
0 1 2 -1 4 _5 6 7 8 9 10m
le
o
t lT
o o o
0 I I 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 lOm
D 0, ?I ,
2
,
3
,
4
, L6
5 1
, Q
8 9 Qt
l0rn
Rank the magnitude of the average velocity over the first 3 seconds.
1 4
Greatest Least
B1.RTO4: STRoae PHoToGRAPHS oF SPHERES_AVERAGE VELocITY tI

In each case, a sphcre is moving fiorn lel't to right next to a tape marked in netcrs. A strobe (t-lash) photograph is
taken every second. and the location of the sphere is recolded. The total time intervals shown are not the same fbr all
spheres.
B QO Q q ?4 , , Q ,-------->
0 I 2 3 5 6 1 8 9 10nr
c
h-=O rttltlta---r--
O oo
0 I 2 3 4 5 6 I tt 9 lOnr
Rank the magnitude of the average velocity over the first 2 seconds.
t-l
L__t ft
L_t t-r
L]
laa
tzJ All All Cannot
sarlq zgro
the d_e_tqrmi4g
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81 Mortoru lN ONe Dtuer'tstor.t
B1 -RT05: BaLL Srnoar DlacRsnas-Avenace Veloctrv

The lcllowing drawings represent strobe (f'lash) photographs of'a ball moving in the direction of the arrow" The
circlcs represent the positions olthe ball at succceding instants of time. The time interval betwecn successive
positions is the same in all cases.
B c D
@@@@
-* g*- ra @@ @@@
Rank the magnitude of the ball's average velocity in the last time interval.
I 3
II
4
IOR
L-l
All
Ll
Al1
L--l
Cannot
l
Greatcst
-.*---l,-e-et1-,*.-*,",.1b9*qpuls----,,-?s-t9*---4p*!eglilr-e"-l
B1-RT06: BILL Srnoae DtacRanas-Acceurnartou

Thc following drawings l'epresenl strobe (llash) photographs ol'a ball moving in the direction o1'the arrow. The
circles l'eprcsent the positions ol'the ball at succecding instants o1'time. The tirnc interval between suecessive
positions is the same in al1 cases. Assume all accclerations arc constant.
A B c
6\
g*- @@
@@ o glloloo
+ll \{
Rank the magnitude of the acceleration based on the drawings.
1234
Greatest I-east
ORT
A11
the same
f-
All
zero
n-i
Cannot
determine
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35
TIPERS
B't -RT07: BnLL Srn osr DrncRanas-Acc E lE nerro r.r

The fbllowing drawings represent strobe (l1ash) photographs of a hall moving in the direction of the ar.r.ow. The
circles represent the positions of the hall at succeecling instants of tirne. Thc time interval betwecn successiye
posilions is the same in allcases. Assume all accelerations are constant.
A B c D
g *u* @@@@
%%ie
@@@@
Rank the magnitude of the acceleration based on the drawings.
L_r L_t Ll
A11 A1l Cannot i
". -- !q,ac!".". - - * - !hg--s.ary-e__-"' -*z_9r_o_ _'_dptwnu-e i

B1 -RTO8: BnLL SrRoeE DIAGRAMS-Spreo

The fbllowing drawings represent strobe (tlash) photographs o1'a ball moving in the direction of rhe arrow. The
circles represent the positions olthe bali at succectling instants of time. The time interval tretween successive
positions is the same in all cases.
B c D
@@@@ @, @@ @@@
----D g*t
Rank the ball's average speed in the last time interval.
Greatesl .Le.aqt.. __ ..
r-r-r
All
-_the_leq1g.
All
_?,9{9
Cannor
d-_e_!pg,ni_pe_;
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36
81 MoroN tN ONE Dtuenslot't
B'l -C RT09 : Ve loctrv-Trrilt e G nnpns-Spe eo-Tt tvt E G Rnpus

Velocity versus tirne graphs 1br six toy cars that are traveling straight along a hallway are shown. AII graphs have
thc same tinre and velocitv scales.
A !elocity B c
_-_----->
Tirr-re
D ,Velocity E Yql-oc:,tv"
F Velocity
iliii
4 il
Tirne "-i*"j* -+
t
Time
li
Draw tlelow the speed yersus time graphs for these graphs.
A Specd B Speed
-r-*l-- * c
i- j r- I
.+-*
, " lrime
-i--i- t*-i-*i*r
n:+r-i--i-t
'
D E Speed F Speed
--+
" 'i .'1 Time
l
i | :,.

37
T!PERs
81 -CRTI 0: Velocrw-Tlme Gnlps-Speeo-Tlnae GRrpus

Given this velocity-time graph, draw the corresponding speed-time graph.
B 1 -WWT1 1 : Speeo-Tr rvrr GnepHs oF Two Oa.recrs-DFpLAcEMENT

The graphs below show the speed of two objects during the same time interval.
Speed
2
0
Tinre, seconds
Object I
0
I Tirrc. seconds
Object 2
A str-rdent considcring thcse two graphs statcs:

"Obiecr I will be J'arther.from its sturring poirtt after thi,E 6-secorrcl inten,ol thcm Object 2 becau,;e Object I hctd r.t
lctrger tli.splocentent than Ob,ject 2."
What, if anything, is wrong rvith the student's statement? If something is wrong, explain the eruor and how to
correct it. If the graph is correct, explain why.
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81 Monon rn Orur Druerusror.r
81-WWT12: Bnll Tnnowu Upwano aruo Comrs Blcx Dowr'r-Spreo.TtnrlE GRApH

A ball is thrown straight upward and falls back to the same height. A
student makes this graph of the speed of the ball as a function of time.
What, if anything, is wrong with the student's graph? If something is

wrong, explain the error and how to correct it. ff the graph is correct,
explain why.
B1 -RT1 3: Posrnoru-TruE GnApHs-Drsprncemenr

Each graph below shows the,position of an object as a function of time.
A B c D
Tirr-re, Tir-ne. 4 tilrr".

seconds secondi
Rank the magnitude of the displacement during the time interyal from 0 to 4 seconds.
4 All All
rlt I
Cannot
.Leal!-*.-.-*"Ih-esa1l!g.,-"-.-ae.r-o*.,*.d9-t*e-{IBt!}9

39
TIPERS
B1-RT14: POSITION.TINNE GRAPHS-AVERAGE SPCTO

Each graph below shows the position of an object as a lunction of tirne.
A B c
Position,
nleters
iiil
Time, Time.
seconds secondd
Rank the average speed of the object during the time interval from 0 to 4 seconds.
OR L-]
4 AII
the same
B1-RT't 5: VERncal Mooel Rocrers-MAxlMUM Hetonr

The moclel rockels depictecl l-rclow have just had thcir engincs turned oil'whcn thcy arc at tl]e samc height. All oi'the
rockcts are aimcd straight up, but theil speeds diI'l-cr. Although thcy are thc satre size and shapc. the rc.rckcts carry
clillbrent loacls, so their rnasses difl'er" The specil'icr mass and spcecl fbr each rocket is given in cach figur-c.
^;fi B
40 m/s
c
20 m/s
D
20 m/s
500 g 600 g 500 g
Rank the maximum height the model rockets will reach.

OR
il234A11 A11 Cannot
zero determine

40
81 Morroru rru Orur Drruerusrol.r
81.RTI6: CeRs_CneNGE oF VELoCITY

In each figure belowo a caros velocity is shown before and after a short time interval.
-& :&
A Before B Before
.*.'>
+10 m/s
-+
+10 m/s
:h
D Belbre
C Belbrc Afier Alter
:&
-.><-
64- -&
--+'
+10 m/s -10 m/s ----++30 m/s +20 mls
Rank the magnitude of the change in velocity during the time interval.
OR L-] t__l L__l
12 34 All A1l Cannot
Grcatcst Least the same zero determine
B1 -WWT'! 7: Velocrrv-TrME GRApH-AccerERlrror,r-True Gnapu

A student obtains a graph of an object's velocity versus time and then draws the graph of the acceleration versus
timc lor thc same time interval.
What, if anything, is wrong with the graph of the acceleration versus time? If something is wrong, identify it
and explain how to correct it. If the graph is correct, explain why.

41
TIPERS
B1 -CT18: Verocrry'Trme Gnapns-Drsplaceuerur

The graphs reprcsent the velocitv of two l-oy robots rnoving in one dimension for a particular time interval. Both
graphs have the same lime and velocity scales.
Is the magnitude of the displacement of the robot for the entire time interval shown (i) greater in Case Ao (ii)
greater in Case B, or (iii) the same in both cases?
B1 -WWT19: AccerenanoN-TtME Gnnpn-Veloctry-TtME Gnapn

A student obtains a graph of'an ohjcct's accelelation versus time and then draws the graph ol the vclocity
time for the same time inten,al. The objcct starts l'rom rest.
What, if anything, is wrong with the graph of velocity versus time? If something is wrong, identify it and
explain how to correct it. If the graph is correct, explain why.
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B1 MonoN rN ONE Drruerusror.r
B -WWT20: Veuocrry-TruE GRnpn-AcceleRnrroru-Tr rrlle Gnapu

1
A student obtains a gtaph o1'an object's velocity vcrsus timc and then draws the graph ol the acceleration versus
time for thc same time interval.
What, if anything, is wrong with the graph of the acceleration versus time? If something is wrong, identify it
and explain how to correct it. Ifthe graph is correct, explain why.
B1.CRT21 : AccELERATIoN.TIME Gnapu-VeLocITY-TIME GnIpn

Sketch a possible velocity versus time graph given the acceleration graph for the same time interval.

43
TIPERS
81 -CT?2: Veroclry-True GRapns or Oa.lecrs-DrspLaceMENrr

The graphs below show the velocity of two objccts during the sarnc tinte interval.
0
0 Time. seconds
Object 1
0
Time. seconds
Objcct 2
For the 6-second time interval shown, is the displacement of Object I in the upper graph (i) greater than, (ii)
equal to, or (iii) less than the displacement of Object 2 in the lower graph? _
B1 -RT23: Velocrry-TrME GRApHS-Drspracrnnetr

Shou'n below are six velocity-tinre graphs lbl toy robots that are traveling along a straight hallway. Al1 graphs have
the same tirle and velocity scales.
A Veloci B ,Velocity c 5Velocity

I
*T-
;m"
I
\>
Time
D ity E F ,Velocity
fvctoe
Rank the magnitudes of the displacements during these intervals.
oRn
All
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81 Mororu tn ONe Dlnlteruslott
81-WWT24: Beu THRowN UpwaRo lruo Coues Blcr Dowr.r-Veloctrv-Tttue Gnapu

A ball is lhrown straight upward and talls back to the sure height. A sludent
Velocity, rn/s
makes tl.ris graph of the velocity o1'tlie ball as a lunctioti ol'time.
What, if anything, is wrong with the student's graph? If something is

wrong, explain the error and how to correct it. If the graph is correct,
explain why.
81-SCT25: Bnu TnnOwN UPWARD_GRAPN OF SPEED.TIME

A ball is thrown straight upward and talls back to the same hcight. A
student rlakes thc graph o1'the speed o1'the ball as er function o1'time. Three
students who are discussing this graph make thc ltrllowing contentions:
Akira: "I clon't think this csn be corre('t becctuse the sign of the
cLcceleroiion changes on this graph, but tlte acceleration ort
the ball will be constont."
Burt: "lVo, I thinkthis is right because it i,s only showing what
hctppens to the .speecL, +yhich ytilL clecreose to i,ero ot lhe top ortd thert increase us the ball./ir!ls. Sirrce
the slopes./br both seg.ment,E arc the .sanrc e,rcepl .for sigrt thut nearts the ucceLeratiott is t:ortstctn.t""
Catalina: "'lhis grcLph nnkes sense to me becouse it shows the speed decrea.sing ort the vt'av up. But I disugree
yvith Burt, becquse I think this nreon.v the. ctt't'elercrtiou is ql.so decreusing untiL rhe ball gets ro the top
rntcl stop,;. Thert bcttlt rhe .rpeed and ucc'eleratkttt irtcrease tts the ball falls dovvn crgctitt."
With which, if any, of these three students do you agree?

Akira __ Burt _ Catalina _ None of thenr_

45
TIPERS
81-WWT26: Veloclry-Trme Gnapn oF Two Oa.,ecrs-FASTEsT Oauecr

A student is shown the velocity-time graphs for two objects and is asked to
decide which object is moving faster. The student responds:
"B is faster because it has the steeper slope."
What, if anything, is wrong with the student's statement? If something
is wrong, explain the error and how to correct it. If the statement is
correct, explain why.
B -CRT27: TRlvelrruo Sru oerurs-Velocrrv-TrME G RApH

1
Calntela and Desi lcave a parking lot separatcly and drive wcst. They both start from rest. Desi leaves first. lraveling
with an acceieration ol 4 rn/st west ltrr the flrst 6 scconds. ancl then clriving at a constant velocity. Two secclntls alici
Desi startcd. Carmcla starts with an acceleration of 3 mlsi west lirr I0 sccinils. ancl then she drii ., o, . ..rnr,"n,
vekrcity.
Graph the velocity of both travelers as a function of time up to / = 16 seconds starting at time I = 0 when Desi
leaves the classroom. Use a solid line 1br Desi's velocity and a dashed line lbr Carnrcla's velocity.
40
30
20
It)
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46
B1 Mofloru tN Orue Dru;t'tstor.t
81-WWT28: Posmoru-Trn,le Gnapn or Two Oa;ecrs-FASTEST Os.,ecr

A student is shown the position-time graphs for two objects and is asked to
decide which object is moving faster. The student responds:
Position. rn
"B is faster because it has the steeper slope."
What, if anything, is rvrong with the student's statement? If something
is wrong, explain the error and how to correct it. If the statement is
correct, explain why.
B 1.RT29: VeIOCITY.TIME GHAPHS_DISTANCE TRAVELED

Velocity-time graphs for six toy robots that are travcling along a straigl-rt hallway are shown. All graphs have the
sarne time and veiocity scales.
A ,Velocity B c ,Velocitv
,,"
.-
;4"
D E ,Velocity F
-Time
Rank the distance traveled during these intervals.
i 1 2 3 4 5 6 A1l A1l Cannotl

47
TIPERS
B1 -SCT30: Vruocrry-Trrue G RnpHs or Oeuecrs-DtspLAcEMENT

Thc graphs below show the vclocity ol'two objects during the sante time intert,al.
1
2 2
I 1
0 0
24 6 ri*!,, Time, s
Object I Object 2
Three students are c.liscussin-e the displacements ol thesc objects lor this interval.
Anros: "l thirtk Object 2 will hav'e the greater displac'entent bec'ouse it gets to u higher speecl .faster
than Object 1."
Badu: "No, Ob.iect I vrill httre the greater dis1tlcrcement beccruse it truveLs,fbr u lortger time than
Objec'r 2."
Candi: "l agree witlt Amos, but.for a clifferett reo,ton. Obiec:t 2 has th.e larger disp!aceflrctt becuuse
the arect ttntler the graph is greoter."

Amos_ Badu _ Candi _ None of thcrl
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81 Mortou lN ONE DIuerustotl
B1-QRT31: PoslrloN oR VELoclrY Gnapns-CHANGE DtRecrton

The graph shown is for an object in one-dimensional
motion'
(a) If the vertical axis of the graph is position, does the object ever
change direction?
If so, at what time or times does this change in direction occur?
{ L
f
-t- Time, s
(b) If the vertical axis of the graph is velocity, does the object ever
change direction?
If so, at what time or times does this change in
direction occur?
REncn Top
B1-WWT32: Balt THRowN SrRltour Upwnno-TIME To
A tiiencl times how long it takes the ball to reach its tnaximum height'
A stuclcut rhrows a ball straight uprvard.
o
ll
t'
The student Predicls:

"Faster tltirtgs take less
What, if anything, is wrong with this statement? If something

4
tinte. If t thrott'the ball .fr.tstet, it will rectck its highest ltoirtt in less time'"
is wrong' identify it and explain how to correct
it. If this statement is correct, explain why'
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49
TIPERS
B1-QRT33: Posrlon-Trn,te Gnnpn-DtREcloN

A bicyclist is moving along a straight street oriented easr-west. In
drawing the graph. positions 1o the east of the origin wcre marked as
positive and positions to the west were rnarked as negative .
(a) At I second, is the cyclist moving?
lf so, in what direction?

Tirne. s
(b) At I second, is the cyclist accelerating?
If so, in what direction?

(c) At 9 secotrds, is the cyclist moving?

(d) At 9 seconds, is the cyclist accelerating?

(e) At 4 seconds, is the cyclist moving?

(f) At 4 seconds, is the cyclist accelerating?

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50
81 Morroru tN ONE DrnlteNslol't
B1 -QRT34: Veuocrrv-Trme GRapn-DrRecroru

A unicyclist, someonc ricling a single-whecl cycle, is moving along a
straight street oriented east-west. In drawing the graph, east was taken as
the positive direction and west the negative direction.
(a) At 1 second, is the cyclist moving?
Time, s
(b) At 1 second, is the cyclist accelerating?

(c) At 9 seconds, is the cyclist moving?

d) At 9 seconds, is the cyclist accelerating?

If in what direction?
so,
(e) At 4 seeonds, is the cyclist moving?

Ifso, in what direction?
(f) At 4 seconds, is the cyclist accelerating?


51
TIPERS
B1'QRT35: Posrrroru-Trrue Gnnpns or cnrroREN-KTNEMATTc eunrurrrres

Thc position-tirne graph shown rcpresents the motion o1'two children, Ariel
and Byron, who are moving along a narrow, straight hallway.
(a) Do either of the children ever change direction?
Tirne, s
(b) Are the two children ever at the same position atong the hallway?
If so, at what time or times does this happen?
(c) Do the two children ever have the same speed?

If so, at what time or times does this happen?
(d) Do the two children ever have the same acceleration?

ffso, at what time or times does this happen?
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52
BI Morroru rN ONE Druenslorl
B1-QRT36: Vrlocrry-Trnne GnnpHs oF CHTLDREN-KtNEMATtc Qunurrnes

Thc velocity-time graph shorvn represents the motion of two children,
Ariel and Byron, who are moving alon-9 a narow, strai_uht hallway.
(a) Do either of the children ever change direction?
Erplain your reasoning.
Tirne, s
(b) Do the two children ever have the same velocity?

If so, at what time or times does this occur?
(c) Do the two children ever have the same acceleration?

ff so, at what time or times does happen?
B1-WBT37: Posmoru Eouliloru-PHystcAl Slruanou

Describe the motion of an object that is represented by the fotlowin! equation:
"r=33.6m-(2.8m/s)r
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53
TIPERS
81-QRT38: Posrnoru oR VELoclry Gnnpss-CHANGE DlRecnoru

The graph shown is for an object in one-dimensional motion. The
vertical axis is not determined, so it is not labeled.
(a) ff the vertical axis is position, does the object ever change
direction?
Explain your reasoning. 5 1/ 9
Z I
Tirne. s
O) If the vertical axis is velocity, does the object ever change direction?
B1-SCT39: BIcYcLIST oru I SrRaIcnr Rono_AVERAGE Speeo

Three studcnts are discussing the motion of a bicyclist who travels at a steady I 8 m/s f or I 0 rninutes. then a1 6 m/s
lirr 20 mintrtcs, and linally at I2 rnls {br I5 minutes along a straight. lcvcl roacl. Students make the fbllowing
contentions about thc bicyclist's average speed fbr the overall trip:
Aaron: "The arerage speecl is l2 rn/s bec:ctwse 1'ou ucld the three veloci.ties, but thett \,orL hat,e to clivide bt,
tltree. "
Bcssie: "l think you hcn'e to lake the amount of time ttt ench speed in.to Ltccount. The total tim.eJbr the tri1t
is 15 nt.in.ute,r, so the c1'c list is goirtg crt I 2 m/s .fbr one-th.irrl of th e tine, at 6 nt/s .fbr 20/45ths of the
tinrc, ond nt l8 nr/s,for 10/45ths rf the time. You'cl hat,e to wei.gkt th.e speetls uccorcling to the
tintes. "
Cesar: "T'he averctge speed is 10.7 m/s becctu,se that is what 1'ou get vthen t'cut dit,ide 28,800 m, the total
di,stunte lrot,eletl on the slrctighr road, by 2700 set:ond,s, the totaL tinte it took."

Aaron_ Bessie _ Ccsar _ None of thern
Bxplain your reasoning.

54
Bl Monon rru Orue DrMrrusonr
81 -QRT40: Posmroru Eoulrrorus-Mororu CHanlcrenrsrcs

Equations for the position of four objects executing one-dimension motion in ther-direction as a function of
time are given.
A B
x = 5 m + (3 nls)t + 14 nt/s2)t) x = -5 nt + (3 nr/s)t + (4 n/s2)t2
c D
-r =-5m+(3m/s)t -r = 5 m- (3 m/s)t + (8 nr/s2 )t2
(a) What is the initial position for Object A?

(b) What is the initial position for Object B?

(c) What is the initial velocity for Object C?

(d) What is the initial velocity for Object D?

(e) What is the acceleration for Object A?

(f) What is the acceleration for Object D?

(g) What is the position for Object A at L second?

(h) What is the position for Object D at 1 second?

(i) Which, if any, of these objects is moving at a constant velocity and what is its velocity?

55
TIPERS
B1 -WWT41 : AccereRnrroru-Ttn/Ie Gnapl-lrurEBpRETATIoN

A student is given the lbllowing acceleration versus lime graph for a rnotorcyclist traveling along a straight, level
stretch of road.
-,,
4
The studcnt states:
during this period."

What, if anything, is wrong with this stuclent's contention? If something is wrong, identify it and explain how
Ifit is correct, explain why.
to correct it.
B1.RT42: VeuocITY-TIME GRAPHS-INSTANTANEoUS VELocITY

The grapl-rs below show thc velocitv vcrsus titne lor boats travcling along a straight, narrow channcl. The scales on
both axes are the sante tbr all of these graphs. In each graph. a point is markccl ivirh a dot"
A B c Y,pl*q-c.lty 1,, _,.i_. -.-
\\,;: :- _-. -i
. r-
+t\, I rrme
\,
D E F
Rank the magnitude of the velocity of the boat at the point indicated.
OR
L_l
l_ 1 2 3 4 s 6 All All Cannot
.--,Lee_sl-. - --" - _tjr-p"*s-ruqp_ --_,?.9llo determine,
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56
81 MortoN tt{ ONIE Dtuerustott
B 1 -RT43: Velocrrv-Ttue GRapxs-AccelrRnrloru

Thc graphs belou, shoq, the velocity versus lime 1br boats travcling along a straight. narrow channel. The scales on
horh axes al'e the same tbr all of these graphs. In each graph, a point is marked with a dot.
A B
';;4-rj
Velocitv c Yg-loc,ilv*,
\-r"l
",i- .--.,-.---.1
---
+\5_-t'
T:"-^ iI \,i\ . --?ime
-1 ,l l-1*;**1
D Velocitv E Velocitv _*l

F
i:;1
ali
til
Timc
:1t: Ti
Rank the magnitude of the acceleration of the boat at the point indicated.
L l23456All
r I I ll loo L-.1 L--l
All
L-l
Cannot
Grcatest Least the sarne zero determine
B 1 -RT44: Posrrtoru-TrtvtE G BAPHS-I wsrnrurnNeous SpEED

These graphs show position vcrsus timc 1or boats traveling along a straight, nalrow channel. The scales on both axes
arc the same 1or all oi'these graphs. In each graph. a point is tlarked with a dot.
A - ;" -l '-; B c
_],_
ilt
i
" _l
---> {,,;
Time
I I t-j j r:i*"
D E F
i... i-* j'-i--*i --i
;ilrill i i-.r..-.-i j
H,i-{.
+..- , I -: llme
tit.tr
.\
Rank the speed of the boat at the point indicated.
ll ll I LJLILJ:
i 1 2 3 4 5 6 All A1l Cannoti
Copyright A 2015 Pearson Education, lnc.

57
TIPERS
B1-RT45: Posrroru-True GRnpns-lrusrnrurnNeous VELoctry

The graphs below show position vcrsus titne ft'rr six boats traveling aiong a straight, narrow channcl. The scales on
both axes are the same tbr ail of these graphs. In each graph, apoint is rnarkecl with a dot.
I B
I
iittt
i'l*]*-j*-
c
D E F
l-r**r
4"
;,[][=rllrl:=[];. -r--r I
Rank the magnitude of the velocity of the boat at the point indicated.
.^ 2 3 1 5 6 Ati All Cannot

,
Explain your reasoning. - -qh""-'"?l!r- - ie-Ls*- -diriurnae i
B1-WWT46: Bnll TnRowr.r Srnarcur Upwano-TtME To Rencn Top

A studcnt throws a ball strai-eht upward. A liiend times how long it takes the ball to reach its o
tt-laximum height. tl
The stuclcnt predicrs:
"Il tnkes more tinte to go lrtrger clistances. lf I thrott, the hcrll ,e() tltut it goe.s ltigher, it will take
tttrttt'finle t() R(t llterc."
what, if anything, is wrong with this statement? If something is wrong, identify it and
explain how to correct it. If this statement is correct, explain rvhy.

58
B1 Monor rru One Drurrusroru
B1-QRT47: Postttott, VELoctry, aruo AcceueRATroN Stclrs-PostnoN, DtREcloru, aruo RnrE

Eight possible cornbinations fbr the signs lbr the instantaneous position, velocity, and acceleration of an object
moving in one dimension are given in thc table. Above the table is a coorciinaie axis that shows the ori_uin, marked 0,
and that indicates that the positive direction is to the right. The three columns on thc righrhand sicle ol the table are
to describe the location ol'the object (either left or right ol the origin), the direction o1'the velocity of the objcct
(cirher toward or away liom lhe origin), and what is happening to the speccl oi'the object (either speeding up or
slowing doivn at the given instant). The appropriatc descriptions tbr the lirst case are shown.
Complete the rest of the table for position, direction, and rate.
t)
Direction Rate
Position (Toward or (Speeding up or
Position Yelocity Acceleration (Lc1t or Right) Away ftom) Slowin-e down)
A + + + Leti Away fitin Speeding up
B + +
C + +
D +
E + +
F +
G +
H
B 1 -WWT48: Velocrry-Tt ME GRApHS-Accrlenarroru

The graphs shorv the velocity versus tirne fbr two boats travelin-e along a straight. narrow channel. Tl're scales on
both axes are t.he same 1or the tu,o graphs. In each graph. a point is marked with a dot.
A student who is asked to comparc the accelerations at the marked points on the lwo graphs states:
"I thirtk that the bottt in grttph B lrus the lctrger accelerotion because the boctt irt groph A is ot rest at tlrc ruurked
point and ifs ctt:celeratiort is i,erct."
lYhat, if anything, is wrong with this student's contention? If something is wrong, identify it and explain how
to correct it. If it is correct, explain why.

59
TIPERS
B1-QRT49: PostttoN, VELoctry, nruo AccelrRATroN Slcr,rs-Posrrroru, DrRecrroN, nno Rare

Eight possible signs of combinaticlns lnr the instantaneous position. r,elocity, and acceleration ol'an object moving
in one dirrension are given in the table. Above the table is a coordinate axis that shows the origin, rnarted 0, ancl
that indicates that the positive direction is to the lefi. The three columns on the right-hand side of the tablc arc to
describe the location of tlre object (either left or right of rhe ori-uin). the direction of the motion of the objecr (either
toward or away fiom the origin), and what is happening to the speed o1'the object (either speeding up or slowin-u
tlown at the given instant). Thc appropriate descriptions l'or the tirst case arc shown.
Complete the table for the object's location and direction of motion relative to the origin and how its speed is
changing.
Direction Rate
Position (Toward or (Spcedrng up or
Position Velocity Acceleration (Left or Right) Away liornl Slorving down)
A + + + Lcft Away from Specding up
ts + +
C L
+
D +
E + +
F +
G +
H
B 1 .WWTSO: BIcYcLIST oN A HILL-VELocITY.TIME G RAPH

A bicyclist moving at high speed on a straight road comes to a hill that
slopes upward gradually. she decides to coast up the hill. A physics student
observing the bicyclist plots the velociry-time giaph for her trip up the hill
as shown.
What, if anything, is wrong with this student,s graph? If something is

wrong, explain the error and how to correct iL If the graph is correct,
explain why.
Copyright O 2015 Pearson Educar.ion, Inc.

60
81 Mortoru lN ONe Dtrurrustot'l
GRnpns-DtnEcttot't
B1 -QRTs1 : VEt-octrv-Ttmr
Thcgraphsbelowshowthevelocityversus-tlmeforboatstravelingalongastraight'narrowchannel'Thescalcson
ot th'c same origin' In sach graph' a poinr is
boars all ,tr,i
hoth axes are the sa,re tbr ell ol.these graphs. unJif.,.
marked with a dot'
A B c
lglocjly : .- 2
t ,-*t, Z:
'od l,
1r,.,,,.,,, ,
rimc
i . i i*i"j I
F
D Yg.l-ocilv
,*,i* i
H
I
-} Tirne
iii
points
and acceleration directions of the boat at the
Indicate in the chart below if the position, velocity,
indicated are in the positive (+), negative
(-), or no direction (0)
P;riti; = v.lr.ttv : Acceleration

",.-.--,*-...-*---*"-.4"-- - "-"*----**-----
i
A
B
C
D
E
F
Copyright O 2015 Pearson Education, lnc'

61
TIPERS
B 1 -RT52: Vrlocry-Tlur GRapns-Dlspucenaerur

Graphs of velocity versus time during .1 seconds lbr identical objects are shown below. The objects move along a
strzlight. horizonial surface under the action ol a fbrce exerted h1,an external agent.
C +2 m/s
[-r
'A
0
-2 m/s -2 trls
0
/+ S
0
7 L__l s .1 r
-2mls
0 t) 0
2s 4
-2 nls -2 m/s -2 m/s
Rank the magnitudes of the displacements of the olrjects during each of these intervals.
nAll
81-WWT53: Wnlxrruc Rouruo Tnlp-AvenAGE SpEED

A student walks along a trail with a constanl speed of 8 km per hour tbr I hour and then turns around and walks
back to her starting point at a constant speed ol'6 km per hour. She contencls:
"Mv average speecl was abor$ 6.9 kn per hour since I vr.,ulkecl {t tota! 6.f l6 km irt ttt:o and one-thircl ltours tirte."
What, if anything, is wrong with this statement? If something is wrong, identify it and explain how to correct
it. If this statement is correct, explain why.
Copyright O 20 I 5 Pearson Education. Inc.

62
B1 Monoru tn Oue Dlmeusroru
B1 -RT54: VELoctrY-Ttue GRnpns-Accelenattotrt

Graphs of.vclocity versus time during 4 seconds tbr identical objects a'e shown below. The objects move along a
straight, l.rorizontal surfirce under the action ol'a lbrce exerted by an external agent.
0 0 0
-2 m/s -2rtls -2 m/s
0 0 0
-2rt/s -2 m/s -2mls
Rank the magnitudes of the accelerations of these objects during each of these intervals.
1 56
;.-r--I--n A11 All Cannot
I
Greatest Least thc \ame rcro i.letcrntinc
B1-WWT55: ROuI.Io TRIP UP A MOUNTAIN_AVERAGE SPEEO

A student c<'rntends:
" If t clinfu LtTt ct trtountuitt tLr I rnile per hour for 2 hours ond tlten tum orouncl ctncl clinth bock down at -1 miles per
hour, lhen nl\j dreroge speecl v,ilL be 2 miles per hotu.
What, if anything, is wrong with this statement? If something is wrong, identify it and explain how to correct
it. If this statement is correct, explain why.

63
TIPERS
B1-QRT56: Poslrroru-Trlre Gnnpns-AccelERlrroN AND Veloclry

Position versus time graphs fbr boats travcling along a narrow channcl arc shor.vn below. The scales on both axes are
the same lbr all ol these graphs. In each graph, a point is marked with a doL.
D
ffi B
E
4,*"
,/
c
F
7*:
i!
.;
l
.->
Time
G Position H I
{ l\ai- .-,'-,
- r
; ,\--. ' !i-i rul---r
*i *. 1-
a)
"'1 -i-qi.ne
itiili
(a) For which of these cases, if any, is the position zero atthe indicated point?
(b) For which of these cases, if any, is the position negative at the indicated point?
(c) For which of these cases, if any, is the velocity zero atthe indlcated point?
(d) For which of these cases, if any, is the velocity negative at the indicated point?
(e) For which of these cases, if any, is the acceleration zero at the indicated point?
(f) For which of these cases, if any, is the acceleration negative at the indicated point?
Copyright O 201 5 Pearson Education. Inc.

64
Bl Mortou ttt Orue Dtmerustot't
B1-RT57: Prople oN TRATNS-SpEeo Remttve ro GRoutto

In each case shown. someone is running on a tlatbed train car as the train rnoves. In cases C and D, thc;lersitn is
running krward the fiont of the tlain, while in cases A and B the person is running toward the rear. The speeds of thc
train and o1'each person relative to the train are given. An observer is standing beside the lrack w'atching each train
go by.
A vp=8n/s
B
Yp= 10rn/s
<- 4
ur= 30 m'/s
C
,iF-v,=\2uls
ffi
+ vr=20m/s
# vr= 1O 1[/S
Rank the speed of the runners relatiye to the observer standing beside the tracks.
[-----lf---] on l=-]
llllll n I
I 2 3 ,1 Al1 All Cannot
Greatest Least same zero
thc deter:mine

65
TIPERS
B1 -QRT58: MovrNG AsrEnoros rueaR SpncEsnrp-Veloqry DrRecrror.r

Shown are flve asteroids and a spaceship, all moving in the same dircction away lnrm Earth. The velocities of the
asteroids and of the spaccship are givcn as measured fiom Earth.
A B c D E
--r}
:\g/ =€} _:@ l@ liu
-----*
600 m/s
4700 m/s -------+ --->
800 m/s 400 m/s
+
:100 m/s
(a) List the asteroids that are moving toward the spaceship.
-->
600 m/s
(b) List the asteroids that are moving alvay from the spaceship.
Copyright O 201 -5 Pearson Education. Inc.

66

Sensemaking Tasks in Physics Education Research, Chapter 1

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81 MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION

B1 MorloN lN ONE Dln,lerustot't

Rank the magnitude of the displacement over the first 2 seconds.

Explain your reasoning.

81.RTO2: STNOAE PNOTOCRNPHS OF SPHERES_DISPLACEMENT II

Rank the magnitude of the displacement over the first 3 seconds.

Copyright A 2015 Pearson Education, lnc.

81-RT03: SrRoee PnorocRapns or SpnERps-AvERacE Veloctry I

B1.RTO4: STRoae PHoToGRAPHS oF SPHERES_AVERAGE VELocITY tI

Copyright O 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

B1 -RT05: BaLL Srnoar DlacRsnas-Avenace Veloctrv

B1-RT06: BILL Srnoae DtacRanas-Acceurnartou

Copyright O 2015 Pearson Education, lnc.

B't -RT07: BnLL Srn osr DrncRanas-Acc E lE nerro r.r

Rank the magnitude of the acceleration based on the drawings.

". -- !q,ac!".". - - * - !hg--s.ary-e__-"' -*z_9r_o_ _'_dptwnu-e i

B1 -RTO8: BnLL SrRoeE DIAGRAMS-Spreo

Explain your reasoning.

Copvright O 2015 Pearson Eclucation. Inc.

B'l -C RT09 : Ve loctrv-Trrilt e G nnpns-Spe eo-Tt tvt E G Rnpus

Explain your reasoning.

Copyright O 2015 Pearson Education, lnc.

81 -CRTI 0: Velocrw-Tlme Gnlps-Speeo-Tlnae GRrpus

Explain your reasoning.

B 1 -WWT1 1 : Speeo-Tr rvrr GnepHs oF Two Oa.recrs-DFpLAcEMENT

A str-rdent considcring thcse two graphs statcs:

Copyright O 201 5 Pearson Education. Inc.

81-WWT12: Bnll Tnnowu Upwano aruo Comrs Blcx Dowr'r-Spreo.TtnrlE GRApH

What, if anything, is wrong with the student's graph? If something is

B1 -RT1 3: Posrnoru-TruE GnApHs-Drsprncemenr

Tirr-re, Tir-ne. 4 tilrr".

Copyright O 2015 Pearson Education, lnc.

B1-RT14: POSITION.TINNE GRAPHS-AVERAGE SPCTO

B1-RT't 5: VERncal Mooel Rocrers-MAxlMUM Hetonr

500 g 600 g 500 g

Rank the maximum height the model rockets will reach.

Copyright O 2015 Pearson Education, lnc.

81.RTI6: CeRs_CneNGE oF VELoCITY

B1 -WWT'! 7: Velocrrv-TrME GRApH-AccerERlrror,r-True Gnapu

Copyright O 2015 Pearson Education, lnc.

B1 -CT18: Verocrry'Trme Gnapns-Drsplaceuerur

Explain your reasoning.

B1 -WWT19: AccerenanoN-TtME Gnnpn-Veloctry-TtME Gnapn

Copyright O 20 1 5 Pearson Education. Inc.

B -WWT20: Veuocrry-TruE GRnpn-AcceleRnrroru-Tr rrlle Gnapu

B1.CRT21 : AccELERATIoN.TIME Gnapu-VeLocITY-TIME GnIpn

Explain your reasoning.

Copyright O 2015 Pearson Education, lnc.

81 -CT?2: Veroclry-True GRapns or Oa.lecrs-DrspLaceMENrr

B1 -RT23: Velocrry-TrME GRApHS-Drspracrnnetr

A Veloci B ,Velocity c 5Velocity

Rank the magnitudes of the displacements during these intervals.

Copyright O 2015 Pearson Educarion, Inc.

81-WWT24: Beu THRowN UpwaRo lruo Coues Blcr Dowr.r-Veloctrv-Tttue Gnapu

What, if anything, is wrong with the student's graph? If something is

81-SCT25: Bnu TnnOwN UPWARD_GRAPN OF SPEED.TIME

With which, if any, of these three students do you agree?

Copyright O 2015 Pearson Education, lnc.

81-WWT26: Veloclry-Trme Gnapn oF Two Oa.,ecrs-FASTEsT Oauecr

B -CRT27: TRlvelrruo Sru oerurs-Velocrrv-TrME G RApH

Explain your reasoning.

Copyright O 20 I 5 Pearson Educarion, lnc.

81-WWT28: Posmoru-Trn,le Gnapn or Two Oa;ecrs-FASTEST Os.,ecr