Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
2 Diabetes Insipidus
Gestational DI A fluid deprivation test helps determine
Gestational DI occurs only during pregnancy whether DI is caused by one of the following:
and results when an enzyme made by the • excessive intake of fluid
placenta destroys ADH in the mother. The
• a defect in ADH production
placenta is the system of blood vessels and
other tissue that develops with the fetus. • a defect in the kidneys’ response to
The placenta allows exchange of nutrients ADH
and waste products between mother and This test measures changes in body weight,
fetus. urine output, and urine composition when
fluids are withheld. Sometimes measuring
Most cases of gestational DI can be treated
blood levels of ADH during this test is also
with desmopressin. In rare cases, however,
necessary.
an abnormality in the thirst mechanism
causes gestational DI, and desmopressin In some patients, a magnetic resonance
should not be used. imaging (MRI) of the brain may be neces
sary as well.
How is diabetes insipidus
diagnosed? Points to Remember
Because DM is more common and because • Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare dis
DM and DI have similar symptoms, a ease that causes frequent urination and
health care provider may suspect that a excessive thirst.
patient with DI has DM. But testing should • DI is not related to diabetes mellitus
make the diagnosis clear. (DM).
A doctor must determine which type of DI • Central DI is caused by damage to the
is involved before proper treatment can pituitary gland and is treated with a
begin. Diagnosis is based on a series of synthetic hormone called desmopres
tests, including urinalysis and a fluid depri sin, which prevents water excretion.
vation test. • Nephrogenic DI is caused by drugs
Urinalysis is the physical and chemi or kidney disease and is treated with
cal examination of urine. The urine of a hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), indo
person with DI will be less concentrated. methacin, or a combination of HCTZ
Therefore, the salt and waste concentra and amiloride.
tions are low and the amount of water
excreted is high. A physician evaluates the
concentration of urine by measuring how
many particles are in a kilogram of water or
by comparing the weight of the urine with
an equal volume of distilled water.
3 Diabetes Insipidus
• Scientists have not yet discovered an For More Information
effective treatment for dipsogenic DI,
which is caused by a defect in the thirst The Diabetes Insipidus and Related
mechanism. Disorders Network
535 Echo Court
• Most forms of gestational DI can be
Saline, MI 48176–1270
treated with desmopressin.
Email: gsmayes@aol.com
• A doctor must determine which type of Internet: www.autopenhosting.org/
DI is involved before proper treatment diabetes/diabetesinsipidus
can begin.
National Organization for Rare Disorders
55 Kenosia Avenue
Hope through Research P.O. Box 1968
The National Institute of Diabetes and Danbury, CT 06813–1968
Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Phone: 1–800–999–6673 (voicemail only)
conducts and supports research into many or 203–744–0100
kinds of kidney disease, including diabetes Fax: 203–798–2291
insipidus. NIDDK-supported researchers Email: orphan@rarediseases.org
are exploring the cellular and molecular Internet: www.rarediseases.org
mechanisms that control fluid regulation in
the body. These studies will point the way Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
to more effective treatments for DI. Foundation
Main Street
Participants in clinical trials can play a P.O. Box 1390
more active role in their own health care, Eastsound, WA 98245
gain access to new research treatments Phone: 1–888–376–6343
before they are widely available, and help Fax: 1–888–376–6356
others by contributing to medical research. Email: info@ndif.org
For information about current studies, visit Internet: www.ndif.org
www.ClinicalTrials.gov.
4 Diabetes Insipidus
You may also find additional information about this
topic by visiting MedlinePlus at www.medlineplus.gov.
This publication may contain information about med-
ications. When prepared, this publication included
the most current information available. For updates
or for questions about any medications, contact
the U.S. Food and Drug Administration toll-free at
1–888–INFO–FDA (463–6332) or visit www.fda.gov.
Consult your doctor for more information.