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1. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE:
1.1 To ensure efficient and effective code blue by a designated code blue team.
1.2 To ensure that there are agreed mechanisms to coordinate inter-departmental
personnel in a code blue situation; in order that all resuscitative measures are taken
in a professional and appropriate manner, providing the optimum of care to bring
about (where possible) successful resuscitation.
1.3 Provide advisory and education to all KSMC departments & healthcare providers
for proactive preventive measures to decrease the CPR rate through the implementation
of the guidelines of the Saudi Heart Association in collaboration with the American Heart
Association.
1.4 Monitor appropriate KSMC staff medical emergency training by conducting education
MOCK CODE Drills in the different areas of KSMC.
2. DEFINITION(S):
2.1 “Code Blue”- is the name given to an alert call for immediate assistance in
Cardiac Arrest or Respiratory Arrest.
2.1.1 Adult Code Blue -applies to all (over the age of 14 years) anywhere in
the hospital.
2.1.2 Pediatric Code Blue - applies to all children (1 day- (14) years) anywhere
in the hospital except NICU, PICU, ER.
2.1.3 Neonatal Code Blue – applies to all neonates (0-28 Days) anywhere in the
hospital.
2.2 Code Blue Team:
Is a multidisciplinary team which responds to Code Blue Calls and to ensure that
the patient receives optimum emergency resuscitative intervention. The members
of the Code Blue team will be acquired with pagers and over head announcement
that are programmed for the Code Blue Alerts and should respond to ALL alerts.
“ SEE APPENDIX A. PROTOCOL FOR CODE BLUE PAGING SYSTEM”
L. Security Guard:
1. Control the scene for any violence and prevent crowding.
1.1 Take responsibility for preventing any visitors that
are not required, as directed by the team leader.
3. EQUIPMENT/MATERIAL/FORM(S):
3.1 Crash cart (Ready with Monitor)
3.2 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Record
3.3 Telephone / Pager
4. POLICY STATEMENT(S):
4.1 King Saud Medical City shall have a well-rehearsed life threatening emergency
response plan that works anytime, anywhere in the facility that will generate
an emergency response from the appropriate response team ( Code Blue)
to all patients in Cardiac or Respiratory arrest.
4.1.1 All patients found to be in a state of cardiac or pulmonary arrest will
have a Code blue alert except for those being documented as not to be
resuscitated (DNR) i.e., known terminal cases as defined by the
admitting physician.(Refer to APP-KSMC-060-Allow Natural Death).
4.2. It is the policy of KSMC that all healthcare providers (medical and nursing
staff) will be trained and updated in CPR procedures (BCLS-Basic Cardiac
Life Support and Advanced Life Support based on their specialty).
4.3 As per KSMC policy, it is required that code blue alert will be initiated by the
discoverer, who will initiate the cardio-pulmonary resuscitation and verbally call
for assistance. The assistant will ensure:
4.6 NICU team shall be responsible to follow the updated NRP (Neonatal
Resuscitation Program) guidelines and Algorithms (2010).
4.7 Maternity Code Blue Team shall follow the updated AOLS (Advanced Obstetric
Life Support) guidelines and algorithms.
4.8 Any trauma cases need to be resuscitated shall follow the updated ATLS
(Advanced Trauma Life Support) guidelines and algorithms (2010)
4.9 Health care professionals should not perform mouth to mouth breathing. The use
of a barrier device is highly recommended, Example: face shield, pocket mask or
bag-valve mask.
4.8 Effective Chest Compression shall be performed on all victims to be able to
improve the chances of survival by following the critical characteristics of
high-quality CPR as follows:
4.8.1 Start compression within 10 seconds of recognition of cardiac arrest.
4.8.2 Push hard and push fast: Compress at a rate of at least 100 per minute
with a depth of at least 5cm (cinches for adults, approximately 5 cm
(2 inches) for children, and approximately 4 cm (1 ½ inches) for infants
with the universal chest compression –ventilations 30 : 2 ratio.
4.8.3 Allow complete chest recoil after each compression.
4.8.4 Minimize interruptions in compressions (try to limit interruptions to
≤ 10 seconds)
4.8.5 Give effective breaths that make the chest rise.
4.8.6 Avoid excessive ventilation.
Version (4) 23 May 2016 Page 5 of 16
Ministry of Health
King Saud Medical City
Total Quality Management
Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
4.9 Code Blue Team members should carry out their assigned tasks, ensuring that
there is only one clear leader of the team as per the delegation of authority
process.
4.10 Designated primary responders, of the Code Blue team, will not be permitted
to leave the hospital building during their defined shift time, unless he/she has
delegated his/her responsibility to an appropriate member of staff i.e., a member
of staff of same grade and experience.(Delegation process)
4.11 Only the Team Leader, directing the code blue may terminate the code
blue procedure. His/her decision will be the determining factor. (Based on
cardiac unresponsiveness to adequately perform Advanced Life Support
measures).
4.12 On receipt of the Code Blue Call the switchboard will:
4.12.1 Call through the overhead pager ‘CODE BLUE’ indicating the location
and type. Example:
ATTENTION; ATTENTION… ADULT CODE BLUE 300- G MALE
SURGICAL WARD ROOM 3D
4.12.2 The call will be made clearly and calmly and be repeated approximately
15 seconds after the first alert.
4.12.2 Automatic code blue pagers shall be initiated, ensuring clear details are
transmitted.
4.13 For any pediatric code blue in the General hospital, the Adult Code blue team
will respond till the pediatric specialist arrives.
Note: For any Code Blue that will be activated in the Dental Center, the Adult
Code Blue Team of General Hospital will respond to the code.
5. PROCEDURE(S):
5.1 The staff member discovering the patient in a state of cardiac or
respiratory arrest should:
5.1.1 Step 1: Assessment and Scene Safety:
The first rescuer who arrives at the side of the patient quickly
ensures that the scene is safe. The rescuer should then check the
patient for a response:
A. Make sure the scene is safe for you and the patient. (You do not
want to become a patient yourself.
B. Tap the patient’s shoulder and shout, “Are you alright?”
Determine the patient for a response and look for
normal or abnormal breathing. If no response and no
breathing( i.e., only gasping shout for help).
(Assessment of Unresponsiveness)
C. Check if the patient is breathing, If patient is not breathing or
not breathing normally (i.e., you must activate the emergency
response system).
c1. If cardio-pulmonary arrest is established, call verbally
“Code Blue” to gain assistance.
c2. Initiate CPR procedure having established that the
patient is in a state of cardiac/respiratory arrest;
c2.1 Lay the patient flat, if possible on a firm surface (in
emergency or with undiagnosed trauma cases, ensure
adequate care is taken to protect the cervical spinal cord).
(Positioning the Victim)
c2.2 Ensure good clear airway, (tilt the head/lift
the chin); if there is no evidence of head trauma. If neck
injury is suspected, open the airway by the jaw thrust
maneuver only if trained to do so.
Steps to perform head tilt-chin lift:
1) Place one hand on the victim’s forehead
and push with your palm to tilt the head back.
2) Place the fingers of the other hand under
the bony part of the lower jaw near the chin.
3) Lift the jaw to bring the chin forward.
(AIRWAY)
5.1.2 Step 2: Activate the Emergency Response System and get AED (or
Defibrillator) if available, and then return to the victim to check
a pulse and begin CPR( (C-A-B-SEQUENCE)
5.2 Utilize the Performance guidelines for one-man and two –man CPR for
further information on the depth of compression.
5.3 When the Code Blue Team arrives, they will take over their defined roles.
Team Leader assigns the roles and responsibility for the Code Blue Team.
e.g., attaching and monitoring the ECG, Compression, preparation of ET tube,
suction and medications.
5.4 The ‘Code Blue Team’ works under the leadership of the Team Leader
(Anesthetist or Internal Medicine Consultant On-Call / Pediatrician on Call.)
5.5 Medication Nurse and Charge Nurse assumes the overall responsibility for the
medications, ensuring that the ampoules are retained.
5.5.1 The name, dose and concentration of the drug should clearly be stated.
Labels each drug that is drawn up as per Team Leader’s Order / Physician
Order (ready label for adrenaline, Sodium, Calcium, Cordarone should be
Version (4) 23 May 2016 Page 9 of 16
Ministry of Health
King Saud Medical City
Total Quality Management
Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
available)
(Note: labeling of drugs should be performed if the drugs are drawn up in
anticipation of need i.e., before being asked for).
5.5.2 Where possible, the Medication Nurse (RN) controls the medications,
drawing up and labeling resuscitative drugs that may be required. This
saves time and allows for more efficient and effective cardio-pulmonary
resuscitation measures.
5.6 Timer / Recorder (RN) takes overall responsibility for documenting the events.
5.6.1 Time of arrest.
5.6.2. Medications given, time dosage and response.
5.6.3 DC shocks given, time, voltage and response.
5.6.4 Patient vital signs if present-cardiac status e.g., asystole, ventricular
fibrillation etc.
5.7 One defined Team Leader (Anesthetist or Consultant Internal Medicine/Pediatrician)
takes overall control and directs all proceedings, ensuring that clear instructions
are given to the attending Code Blue Team and that there is total cooperation between
nurses and doctors.
5.8 Nurses and physicians not actively participating in the code blue absents themselves
and attend to other patients/relatives needs, and to general control of the ward/clinic
area.
5.9 Transfers the patient to ICU if the resuscitation is successful and ROSC (Return of
Spontaneous Circulation) for close observation and monitoring. Prior to transfer;
5.9.1 Contacts ICU by phone and informs that the patient shall be transferred.
The information should include;
A. Current cardio-pulmonary status.
B. Patient’s name and age.
C. Current diagnosis (if known). If not, then the primary admission diagnosis.
D. IV fluid in progress.
5.10 Transfers all documentation with the patient including the following:
5.10.1 The patient’s complete medical records (medical chart)
5.10.2 Nursing observation sheets and CPR Record.
5.10.3 Record of resuscitation completed by the Physician/Team Leader; the data
will include:
A. Time of the arrest.
B. Sequence of events including the number and voltage of DC shock,
C. Medications administer during the Code.
D. Outcome of resuscitation i.e., Sinus Rhythm of self ventilating, etc.
5.11 The anesthetist, the medical or pediatric resident and ward staff nurse (RN)
accompanies the patient being transferred to ICU following a successful
resuscitation.
5.12 The attending physician monitor’s the patient continuously in the Post
Resuscitation Care Unit.
5.13 The anesthetist records all actions undertaken by him/her during the resuscitation in
the multidisciplinary progress notes
5.13.1 Status of the patient on arrival.
5.13.2 Time of intubations.
6. RESPONSIBILITY:
6.1 ACLS, PALS, NRP, AOLS, ATLS Certified CPR team member is responsible
to deliver D/C Shock during the code.
6.2 It is the responsibility of all the Heads of Departments and the CPR Committee
to review, modify and monitor the implementation of this policy and procedures.
6.3 CPR TEAMS:
6.3.1 ER Code Blue Team – General Hospital
a. ER Consultant – Team Leader
b. RT- Airway
c. ER Resident/Specialist Doctor –Airway / Compressor
d EMT- Compressor
e. Nurse (RN)– Medication Nurse
f. Nurse (RN)– Timer and Recorder
g. Nurse (RN)– Monitoring Nurse
h. Nurse (RN)– Nursing Manager
6.3.2 OR Code Blue Team
a. OR Anesthesia Consultant – Team Leader
b. OR Anesthesia Specialist-Compressor
c. OR Anesthesia Specialist-Airway
d. NURSE (RN) – Medication Nurse
e. NURSE (RN) - Timer and Recorder
f. NURSE (RN) - Monitoring Nurse
7. REFERENCES:
7.1 American HEART Association, BLS for Healthcare providers, 2011
International English Edition Student Manual (Professional)
7.2 Neonatal Resuscitation Textbook, 6th Edition, 2012, American Academy of
Pediatrics and American Heart Association, Editor; John Kattwinkel MD, FAAP,
Louis P. Halamwk, MD, FAAP
7.3 BLS for Healthcare Providers Student Manual, 2010, American Heart
Association. Editor: Mary Fran Hazinski, RN, MSN, Senior Science Editor. S.
Lynn Hunter Wilson.
7.4 Heartsaver® First Aid CPR AED Student Workbook, 2010, American Heart
Association. Editor: Mary Fran Hazinski, RN, MSN, Senior Science Editor. S.
Lynn Hunter Wilson.
7.5 Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support Provider Manual, 2010,
American Heart Association. Editor: Elizabeth Sinz, MD, Associate Science
Editor, Kenneth Navaroo, content Cunsultant.
7.6 Pediatric Advanced Life Support Provider Manual (PALS), 2010,
American Heart Association. Editor: Leon Chameides, MD, Content Consultant.
Ricardo A. Samson, MD, Associate Science Editor
7.7 Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics ( ALSO®) By American Academy of Family
Physicians. Editor: Elizabeth Baxley, MD, Chair, Mark Deutchman, MD.
7.8 ATLS Student Course Manual 9th Edition PDF
7.9 National Guard Health Affairs-APP-1420-001(No Code Policy) Nov.12, 2005.
7.10 King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center-IPP-MCO-MC
ADM-08-005(Use of the Crash Cart Inspection Procedure Checklist), April 2004.
7.11 King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center-IPP-MCO-MC
ADM-07027(Code Blue Team Composition and Responsibilities), March 23, 2005
7.12 The New Technical Aspects of Basic Life Support Policy and Procedures of
CPR for Hospitals, Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), new 2005 Guidelines.
Dr. Mohamed Abdullah Seraj, M.B., B. Ch., D.A., F. C. A. R. C.S.I.-Professor
and Consultant Anesthesiologist, Chairman of National CPR Committee, Saudi
Heart Association / Paul J. Harvey, Faculty of Saudi Heart Association.
8. APPROVALS: