Essbase Interview Questions

10/27/2018 Hyperion: Essbase Interview Questions
Hyperion
Tuesday, 2 April 2013
Essbase Interview Questions
What are the two storage options available in Essbase and what are the
differences?
Ans: ASO (Aggregate Storage Option) - Used for
1. If we have large number of dimensions (generally more than 10)
2. Most of the dimensions are sparse
3. We cannot write back in ASO. I heard recently that ASO will also have the write
back capability.
BSO (Block Storage Option)-
1. Dimensions are less and dense (recommended values for no of dim are between 4
and 8) .
2. We can write back hence much suited for planning applications.
Financial applications are generally dense structures and normal analytical cubes are
sparse. Here we also need to understand what these dense and sparse members are.
When the intersections or cells of two dimensions mostly contain a value it is dense.
Say for example we have two dimensions period(Month or quarter) and region and we
are calculation the sales amount. Generally maximum regions(countries, cities) will
have some sales value for a particular month or quarter. Hence we can say that our
period dimensions would be dense. But now instead of period, consider another
dimension product. Now there are some products which are sold in only some
particular regions hence for them there will be no values in other regions or will have
very low percentage of data values hence the structure will become sparse.
Now the question arises what is the use of calling them dense or sparse. What
difference does it make. Do some research and try to find the answer.
Can we build dimensions directly from data sources without using rule files.
Ans: No.
When do we generally use build rules files?

Ans: To automate the process of creating dimensions with thousands of members.
What are the three primary build methods for building dimensions?
Ans: 1. Generation references
2. level references
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3. Parent-Child references.
In what case we can define generation 1 to a field in generation build method.

Ans: We cannot define that as Generation 1 is not valid.
Suppose we have assigned Generation 2 and Generation 4 as of now and think of

adding generation 3 later some time. Can we build the dimension.
Ans: No. If gen 2 and gen 4 exists, we must assign gen 3.
Can we create more than 2 dimensions using only one build rule file.
Ans: Yes, we can do that but it is recommended to use separate rule file for each
dimension.
What is UDA( user defined attributes). How are they different than Aliases.
Ans: UDA represents the class of the members. Aliases are just another names of the
members. both are different and has different usage.
Can we query a member for its UDA in a calculation script.

Ans: Yes. You can query a member for its UDA in a calculation script.
How does UDA's impact database size?

Ans: Absolutely no impact as UDA’s does not require additional storage space.
What is the difference between UDA's and Attribute dimensions?

Ans : Attribute dimensions provides more flexibility than UDA's. Attribute calculations
dimensions which include five members with the default names sum, count, min, max
and avg are automatically created for the attribute dimensions and are calculated
dynamically.
How does Attribute dimensions and UDA's impact batch calculation performance?
Ans: UDA's- No Impact as they do not perform any inherent calculations.
Attribute dim- No Impact as they perform only dynamic calculations.
How can we display UDA's in reports? How do they impact report report
performance.
Ans: UDA's values are never displayed in the reports and hence do not impact report
performance.
How does Attribute dim impact report performance?

Ans: They highly impact the report performance as the attributes are calculated
dynamically when referenced in the report. For very large number of att dim displayed
in the report, the performance could drastically reduce.
While loading the data, you have applied both the selection criteria as well as
rejection criteria to a same record. What will be the outcome.
Ans: The record will be rejected.
How is data stored in the Essbase database?

Ans: Essbase is an file based database where the data is stored in PAG files of 2 GB
each and grows sequentially.
Can we have multiple databases in one single application?

Ans: Yes. But only one database per application is recommended.
Can we have one ASO database and one BSO database in one single application.
If yes, how and If No, why.
No. Because we define ASO or BSO option while creating the application and not
database. Hence if the application is ASO, the databases it contains will be that type
only.
What are the file extensions for an outline, rule file and a calc script.
Ans: .OTL, .RUL and .CSC
What is the role of provider services.

Ans: To communicate between Essbase and Microsoft office tools.
What is an alternative to create meta outline, rule file and load data.
Answer: Integration services and in version 11, we have Essbase studio.
Can we start and stop an application individually. How can this be used to increase
performance.
Ans: Yes. We can manage our server resources by starting only the applications which
receive heavy user traffic. When an application is started, all associated databases
are brought to the memory.
We have created an application as unicode mode. Can we change it later to non-

unicode mode.
Ans: No.
How can I migrate an application from my test environment to the production

environment. Can I still do this if my test environment is a windows one and my
production env is UNIX one. Also can I still do it if my test env and prod env
versions are different.
Ans: Hyperion Administrative services console provides a migration utility to do this
but only the application, database objects are migrated and no data is transferred.
the answers to other two questions are Yes.
A customer wants to run two instances of an Essbase server on a same machine

to have both test env and Development env on the same server. Can he do that?
Ans: Yes. We can have multiple instances of an Essbase server on a single machine
and there will be different sets of windows services for all these instances.
suppose I have a dimension A with members B and C and I do not want B and C to
roll up to A. how can I do this.
Ans: Using (~) exclude from consolidation operator.
What does never consolidate operator (^) do?

Ans: It prevents members from being consolidate across any dimension.
Can we have multiple meta outlines based on one OLAP model in Integration
services?
Ans: Yes
Can we have an meta outline based on two different OLAP models.

Ans: No.
What is hybrid analysis?

Ans: Lower level members and associated data remains in relational database where
as upper level members and associated data resides in Essbase database.
Why top-down calculation less efficient than a bottom-up calculation? Being less
efficient, why do we use them.
Ans: In the process it calculates more blocks than is necessary. Sometimes it is
necessary to perform top-down calculation to get the correct calculation results.
On what basis you will decide to invoke a serial or parellel calculation method.
Ans: If we have a single processor, we will use serial calculation but if we have
multiple processors we can break the task into threads and make them run on
different processors.
What is block locking system?

Ans: Analytic services (or Essbase Services) locks the block and all other blocks which
contain the Childs of that block while calculating this block is block locking system.
What are the types of partitioning options available in Essbase?
Ans: 1. Replicated partition. 2. Transparent partition 3. Linked partition.
Dynamic calc decreases the retrieval time and increases batch database
calculation time. How true is the statement?
Ans: The statement should be just opposite. As dynamic calc members are calculated
when requested, the retrieval time should increase.
A customer has a cube with 13 dimensions and the performance was fine. Now
they have added two more dimensions in the existing cube and the performance
becomes very slow. Customer said logically nothing wrong with the two new
dimensions they have added. What could be the reason for slow down.
Ans: Even I don’t have any clue. I experienced this few days back with a customer. If
you can throw some light on this, please post your answer
Can we have multiple meta outlines based on one OLAP model in Integration
services?
Ans: Yes
What are LRO's( Linked Reporting Objects)?

Ans: They are specific objects like files, cell notes or URL's associated with specific
data cells of Essbase database. You can link multiple objects to a single data cell.
These linked objects are stored in the server. These LRO's can be exported or imported
with the database for backup and migration activities.
What are the three primary build methods for building dimensions?
Ans:
1. Generation references
2. Level references
3. Parent-Child references
How does UDA's impact database size?

Ans: There will be no impact on the database as the UDA’s doesn’t store data in the
database.
Can we have an meta outline based on two different OLAP models.

Ans: No.
Can we create UDA’s and apply it to Dense as well as Sparse dimensions?

Ans: Yes
Types of Partitions available in Essbase?

Ans: Three types of partitions are there.
1. Transparent partition: A form of shared partition that provides the ability to access
and manipulate remote data transparently as though it is part of your local database.
The remote data is retrieved from the data source each time you request it. Any
updates made to the data are written back to the data source and become
immediately accessible to both local data target users and transparent data source
users
2. Replicated Partition:
3. Linked Partition:
What is hybrid analysis?

Ans: Lower level members and associated data remains in relational database where
as upper level members and associated data resides in Essbase database.
On what basis you will decide to invoke a serial or parallel calculation method.
Ans: If we have a single processor, we will use serial calculation but if we have
multiple processors we can break the task into threads and make them run on
different processors.
How can you display UDA’s in reports?

performance.
rejection criteria to a same record. What will be the outcome?
What are the specified roles other than Administrator to view sessions, disconnect
sessions or kill users requests for a particular application?
Ans: You should have the role of Application manager for the specified application.
What is block locking system?

Ans: Analytic services (or Essbase Services) locks the block and all other blocks which
contain the Childs of that block while calculating this block is block locking system.
What are the three options specified in Username and Password management
under security tab in Essbase server properties.
Ans: 1. Login attempts allowed before username is disabled.
2. Number of inactive days before username is disabled.
3. Number of days before user must change password.

Depend on which database that you are going to create. For Example: If you are
creating ASO then we can’t create more that 1 db per application. If you are creating
BSO then you can create more than 1 db per application

We have created an application as unicode mode. Can we change it later to non-

unicode mode.
Ans: No
What are the types of partitioning options available in Essbase?

Ans: 1. Replicated partition. 2. Transparent partition 3. Linked partition.
Dynamic calc decreases the retrieval time and increases batch database
calculation time. How true is the statement?
Ans: The statement should be just opposite. As dynamic calc members are calculated
when requested, the retrieval time should increase.


to have both test environment and Development environment on the same
server. Can he do that?

Can we have one ASO database and one BSO database in one single application.
If yes, how and If No, why.
Ans: No. Because we define ASO or BSO option while creating the application and not
database. Hence if the application is ASO, the databases it contains will be that type
only.
What are the file extensions for an outline, rule file and a calc script.
Ans: .OTL, .RUL and .CSC

What is an alternative to create meta outline, rule file and load data.
Ans: Integration services and in version 11, we have Essbase studio.
What is data file cache?

Ans: A buffer in memory that holds compressed data (.PAG) files.
What is custom defined function?

Ans: Essbase calculation functions that you develop in the Java programming
language and then add to the standard Essbase calculation scripting language by
means of MaxL.
Can we start and stop an application individually. How can this be used to increase
performance.
Ans: Yes. We can manage our server resources by starting only the applications which
receive heavy user traffic. When an application is started, all associated databases
are brought to the memory.
We have created an application as Unicode mode. Can we change it later to non-

unicode mode.
Ans: No.
How can I migrate an application from my test environment to the production

environment. Can I still do this if my test environment is a windows one and my
production env is UNIX one. Also can I still do it if my test env and prod env
versions are different.
Ans: Hyperion Administrative services console provides a migration utility to do this
but only the application, database objects are migrated and no data is transferred.
the answers to other two questions are Yes.

to have both test env and Development env on the same server. Can he do that?
Suppose I have a dimension A with members B and C and I do not want B and C
to roll up to A. how can I do this.
Ans: Using (~) exclude from consolidation operator.
What is custom based macro?

Ans: Essbase macros that we write with Essbase calculator functions and special
macro functions. Custom-defined macros use an internal essbase macro language that
enables you to combine calculation function and operate on multiple input parameters.
What do you mean by dirty block?

Ans: A data block containing cells that have been changed since the last calculation.
Upper level blocks are marked as dirty if their child blocks are dirty (that is, have been
updated)
When do we generally use build rules files?

Ans: To automate the process of creating dimensions with more members, where it
will take a lot of time in creating manually.
What does never consolidate operator(^) do?

Ans: It prevents members from being consolidate across any dimension.
What are the different types of LOG Files?
Ans: So many log files are there in essbase, but the important log files are
1. Application log
2. Essbase.log
3. Configtool.log
4. eas_install.log
5. essbaseserver-install.log
Suppose we have assigned Generation 2 and Generation 4 as of now and think of

adding generation 3 later some time. Can we build the dimension.
Ans: No. If gen 2 and gen 4 exists, we must assign gen 3.
What are attributes?

Ans: A classification of a member in a dimension. You can select and group members
based on their associated attributes. You can also specify an attribute when you
perform calculations and use calculation functions. Eg: The database in Sample Basic
which has product dimension has some attributes like size, package type, and flavor.
We can add these attributes to the dimensions where we can retrieve the data like for
example to retrieve “coke with 8 Oz with bottles”, this is useful for generating reports.
Why do objects gets locked and when does this happens?
Ans: Objects gets locked to prevent users to make simultaneous and conflicting
changes to Essbase database objects. By default whenever an object is accessed
through Administrative services console or Excel spreadsheet add-in, it gets locked.
What is the difference between UDA's and Attribute dimensions?

Ans : Attribute dimensions provides more flexibility than UDA's. Attribute calculations
dimensions which include five members with the default names sum, count, min, max
and avg are automatically created for the attribute dimensions and are calculate
dynamically.
How does Attribute dimensions and UDA's impact batch calculation performance?
Ans: UDA's- No Impact as they do not perform any inherent calculations.
Attribute dim- No Impact as they perform only dynamic calculations.
What are different types of attributes?

Ans: Essbase supports two different types of attributes.
1. User-Defined attributes
2. Simple attributes
User-Defined attributes: The attributes that are defined by the user.
Simple attributes: Essbase supports some attributes, they are: Boolean, date,
number, and string.
What are filters?

Ans: A method of controlling access to database cells in essbase. A filter is the most
detailed level of security, allowing you to define varying access levels different users
can have to individual database values.
What is TB First and TB Last?

Ans: TB First: in the Sample Basic database, the accounts member Opening Inventory
is tagged as TB First. Opening Inventory consolidates the value of the first month in
each quarter and uses that value for that month’s parent. For example, the value for
Qtr1 is the same as the value for Jan.
TB Last: in the Sample Basic database, the accounts member Ending Inventory is
tagged as TB Last. Ending Inventory consolidates the value for the last month in each
quarter and uses that value for that month’s parent. For example, the value for Qtr1 is
the same as the value for Mar.
How can we display UDA's in reports? How do they impact report report
performance.
performance.
How does Attribute dim impact report performance?

Ans: They highly impact the report performance as the attributes are calculated
dynamically when referenced in the report. For very large number of att dim displayed
in the report, the performance could drastically reduce.
rejection criteria to a same record. What will be the outcome.

How do you optimize outline?
Usually the outline is optimized using the hourglass design for dimension ordering i.e,
· Dimension with Accounts tag
· Dimension with Time tag
· Largest Dense dimension
· Smallest dense dimension
· Smallest Sparse dimension
· Largest Sparse dimension
What are the ways to improve performance during data loads?
There are several ways to optimize load
1. Grouping of Sparse member combinations
2. Making the data source as small as possible
3. Making source fields as small as possible
4. Positioning the data in the same order as the outline
5. Loading from Essbase Server
6. Managing parallel data load processing
What are the design considerations for calculation optimization?
You can configure a database to optimize calculation performance. The best
configuration for the site depends on the nature and size of the database.
· Block Size(8Kb to 100Kb) and Block Density
· Order of Sparse Dimensions
· Incremental Data Loading
· Database Outlines with Two or More Flat Dimensions
· Formulas and Calculation Scripts
When does Fragmentation occur?
Fragmentation is likely to occur with the following:
· Read/write databases that users are constantly updating with data
· Databases that execute calculations around the clock

· Databases that frequently update and recalculate dense members
· Data loads that are poorly designed
· Databases that contain a significant number of Dynamic Calc and Store members
· Databases that use an isolation level of uncommitted access with commit block set
to zero
How can you measure fragmentation?
You can measure fragmentation using the average clustering ratio or average
fragmentation Quotient.
Using the average fragmentation quotient
Any quotient above the high end of the range indicates that reducing fragmentation
may help performance
Small (up to 200 MB) 60% or higher
Medium (up to 2 GB) 40% or higher
Large (greater than 2 GB) 30% or higher

Using the average clustering ratio:
The average clustering ratio database statistic indicates the fragmentation level of
the data (.pag) files. The maximum value, 1, indicates no fragmentation.
How do you can prevent and remove fragmentation?
You can prevent and remove fragmentation:
· To prevent fragmentation, optimize data loads by sorting load records based upon
sparse dimension members. For a comprehensive discussion of optimizing data load by
grouping sparse members.
· To remove fragmentation, perform an export of the database, delete all data in the
database with CLEARDATA, and reload the export file.
· To remove fragmentation, force a dense restructure of the database.

Why is database restructuring?
As your business changes, you change the Essbase database outline to capture new
product lines, provide information on new scenarios, reflect new time periods, etc.
Some changes to a database outline affect the data storage arrangement, forcing
Essbase to restructure the database.
What are the types of database restructuring?
The two ways by which a database restructure is triggered:

Implicit Restructures
Dense restructure
Sparse restructure
Outline-only restructure
Explicit Restructures
What are the conditions affecting Database restructuring?
Intelligent Calculation, name changes, and formula changes affect database

restructuring:
· If you use Intelligent Calculation in the database, all restructured blocks are marked
as dirty whenever data blocks are restructured. Marking the blocks as dirty forces the
next default Intelligent Calculation to be a full calculation.
· If you change a name or a formula, Essbase does not mark the affected blocks as
dirty. Therefore, you must use a method other than full calculation to recalculate the
member or the database.
What are the files used during Restructuring?
When Essbase restructures both the data blocks and the index, it uses the files
described
essxxxxx.pag
Essbase data fileessxxxxx.ind
Essbase index filedbname.esm
Essbase kernel file that contains control information used for db recoverydbname.tct
Transaction control tabledbname.ind
Free fragment file for data and index free fragmentsdbname.otl
Outline file in which is defined all metadata for a database and how data is stored
What are the actions that improve performance for restructuring?
There are a number of things you can do to improve performance related to database
restructuring:
· If you change a dimension frequently, make it sparse. · Use incremental restructuring

to control when Essbase performs a required database restructuring. · Select options
when you save a modified outline that reduce the amount of restructuring required.
Que:1 What are LRO's( Linked Reporting Objects)?
Answer: They are specific objects like files, cell notes or URL's associated with specific
data cells of Essbase database. You can link multiple objects to a single data cell.
These linked objects are stored in the server. These LRO's can be exported or imported
with the database for backup and migtarion activities.
What are the specified roles other than Administrator to view sessions, disconnect
sessions or kill users requests for a particular application?
Answer: You should have the role of Application manager for the specified application.
What are the three options specified in Username and Password management
under security tab in Essbase server properties.
Answer: 1. Login attempts allowed before username is disabled.
2. Number of inactive days before username is disabled.
3. Number of days before user must change password.
Why do objects gets locked and when does this happens?

Answer: Objects gets locked to prevent users to make simultaneous and conflicting
changes to Essbase database objects. By default whenever an object is accessed
through Administrative services console or Excel spreadsheet add-in, it gets locked.
I have created an application with one database in Essbase at test environment

and now needs to copy the entire application with all security permissions to the
production server which is not connected to the test server. How can I do that?
Answer: You can achieve this using migration wizard to migrate an application to a
text file which you can take physically to the production server.
From the above question, When I migrated the application to the production
server I do not see any data in the Essbase database. What has gone wrong and
how to correct this?
Answer: Nothing has gone wrong. Migration utility does not migrate the actual data. If
you want to copy the exact data from the test machine, get it exported using export
utility and import it on production machine.
Referring to the above question, Can I still do this if my production server and test
server are two different operation systems. Explain.
Answer: While exporting the database, you can write the database data to an ASCII
text file which enables you to load data on different platforms.
How can we backup an aggregate storage database?

Answer: To back up an aggregate storage database, copy the application directory
ARBORPATH/app/appname.
How does Essbase recover from a database crash?

Answer: After a database crash or server interruption, Essbase automatically recovers
a database after rolling back the transactions that were active at that time.
How can you make a Max L script run at a specified time?

Answer: MaxL scripts can be called from a BAT file which is used for scheduling.
Have multiple applications? Not sure how to transfer or import data to multiple
applications that contain different members/dimensions?
If you need to map multiple members from a source application to an equivalent

member in a target application, you must first define the source members.
Define Source Members
Option 1 – Shared alternate hierarchy
a. Create new parent member with the same member name as the target
application and set property to ignore to prevent duplication of data
b. Add existing members as children of new parent member
- Requires additional maintenance of the dimension structure

- Does not compromise data retrieval
- May increase calculation time
We all want our end-users to be self efficient and I think they may be able to figure
out the mapping once they drill-down the hiearchy. I have used alternate hierarchies
in large applications and I have yet to compromise calculation time.
Option 2 – User Defined Attributes
a. Assign UDA’s to source members

b. Create a new member and set property to ignore to prevent duplication of data
c. Develop a calc script fixed on the UDA and populate the Sum of the UDAs to
“new member”
- Requires additional member property maintenance

- Does not compromise data retrieval
- Does not compromise calculation time
If data is constantly re-stated, re-classed or adjusted you must remember to re-

calculate. Throw in a batch script and call it a day – I’m just saying.
Now, the sophisticated/advanced Essbase user will cleverly filter their retrievals on
UDA’s and magically list the accounts that make up the mapping.
Option 3 – Attribute Dimension
a. Create attribute dimension property
The attribute dimension gives you the same results as the alternate shared hierarchy,
behaves similar to UDA’s. What is the difference? Attributes may significantly
compromise report retrievals.
Which one is the best option?
Every environment is different. Performance is significantly dependent on the

application configuration and I strongly recommend you test.
II. Data transfer and Data Export Options
Now, we are ready to explore options on how to populate data from the source
application to the target application. The options are as follows:
Option 1 – @XREF built in function transfers data from source to target application via
calc script
- Excellent option for consistent structured hierarchies

- Leverages built-in calculation functions
- Data flows seamlessly if the structures are one in the same
- Can be easily batched
If you fix at level 0 in a common dimension i.e. @LEVMBR(“ENTITY”,0) and it is not an

exact mirror of the source application, duplication of data will result at the level where
the dimension hierarchy differ. Therefore, the member names and levels must be
identical.
The granular the fix statement, the quicker the performance.
Option 2 – Report Script Exports data to a flat file (see Simplified Essbase
Administration Part II)
- Export data from specific Alias tables, UDA, levels

- Specify export column/row format
- Exclude members from a dimension
- Re-name members
Report script performs efficiently when focused on smaller data sets. Larger data sets
may take longer to process.
The rename built-in function works brilliantly if you need to map specific members to
an additional dimension member in the target application i.e. source member 1234
must map specifically to target member 4567 and COLA {“RENAME” “1234”} “4567
COLA” . This option is best used if the mapping is consistent; however, unique to
specific members in a different dimension. This data file can be easily parsed using
the Split function within a data load rule.
Option 3 - DataExport – Exports data to a flat file
- Exports data to text file extremely fast

- Leverages built-in calculation functions
DataExport outperforms report scripts. It is engineered to export data in the order that
it is organized in the database. Whereas, report script performance is dependent on
coding and may retrieve the same blocks multiple times.
DataExport does not support attributes, aliases, member re-name and data format
options.
Every environment is different. Performance is significantly dependent on the

application configuration and I strongly recommend you test.
This is the beauty of Essbase, the options are available at your disposal.
Process for Creating Attributes

Understanding Attributes
Understanding Attribute Dimensions
Designing Attribute Dimensions
Building Attribute Dimensions
Setting Member Names in Attribute Dimensions
Calculating Attribute Data
Varying Attributes
Some information in this chapter applies only to block storage databases and is not
relevant to aggregate storage databases.
Also see:
Comparison of Aggregate and Block Storage

Aggregate Storage Applications, Databases, and Outlines
For other information about using attributes, see:
Building Attribute Dimensions and Associating Attributes
Designing Partitioned Applications
Creating and Maintaining Partitions
Developing Report Scripts
Process for Creating Attributes
Attributes describe characteristics of data such as product size and color. Through
attributes, you can group and analyze members of dimensions based on their
characteristics. This chapter describes how to create and manage attributes in an
Essbase Server outline.
When working with attributes in Outline Editor, perform the following tasks:
Create a dimension.See Adding Dimensions and Members to an Outline. In the
outline, position the attribute dimensions after all standard dimensions.
Tag the dimension as an attribute dimension and set attribute dimension type as
text, numeric, Boolean, or date.See Creating Attribute Dimensions.
Add members to the attribute dimension.See Adding Dimensions and Members to an
Outline.
Associate a base dimension with the attribute dimension.See Understanding the
Rules for Attribute Dimension Association.
Associate members of the base dimension with members of the attribute
dimension.See Understanding the Rules for Attribute Member Association.
If necessary, set up the attribute calculations.See Calculating Attribute Data.
Understanding Attributes
You can use the Essbase attribute feature to retrieve and analyze data not only from
the perspective of dimensions, but also in terms of characteristics, or attributes, of
those dimensions. For example, you can analyze product profitability based on size or
packaging, and you can make more effective conclusions by incorporating into the
analysis market attributes such as the population of each market region.
Such an analysis could tell you that decaffeinated drinks sold in cans in small markets
(populations less than 6,000,000) are less profitable than you anticipated. For more
details, you can filter the analysis by specific attribute criteria, including minimum or
maximum sales and profits of different products in similar market segments.
A few ways analysis by attribute provides depth and perspective, supporting better-
informed decisions:
You can select, aggregate, and report on data based on common features
(attributes).
By defining attributes as having a text, numeric, Boolean, or date type, you can
filter (select) data using type-related functions such as AND, OR, and NOT operators
and <, >, and = comparisons.
You can use the numeric attribute type to group statistical values by attribute
ranges; for example, population groupings such as <500,000, 500,000–1,000,000, and
>1,000,000.
Through the Attribute Calculations dimension automatically created by Essbase, you
can view sums, counts, minimum or maximum values, and average values of attribute
data. For example, when you enter Avg and Bottle into a spreadsheet, Essbase
retrieves calculated values for average sales in bottles for all the column and row
intersections on the sheet.
You can perform calculations using numeric attribute values in calculation scripts
and member formulas; for example, to determine profitability by ounce for products
sized by the ounce.
You can create crosstabs of attribute data for the same dimension, and you can
pivot and drill down for detail data in spreadsheets.An attribute crosstab is a report or
spreadsheet showing data consolidations across attributes of the same dimension.
The crosstab example below displays product packaging as columns and the product
size in ounces as rows. At their intersections, you see the profit for each combination
of package type and size.
From this information, you can see which size-packaging combinations were most
profitable in the Florida market.
Product Year Florida Profit Actual
Bottle Can Pkg Type
========= ========= =========
32 946 N/A 946
20 791 N/A 791
16 714 N/A 714
12 241 2,383 2,624
Ounces 2,692 2,383 5,075
Understanding Attribute Dimensions

In the Sample.Basic database, products have attributes that are characteristics of the
products. For example, products have an attribute that describes their packaging. In
the outline, you see these characteristics as two dimensions, the Products dimension,
and the Pkg Type attribute dimension that is associated with it.
An attribute dimension has the word Attribute next to its name in the outline.
Figure 39, Outline Showing Base and Attribute Dimensions shows part of the
Sample.Basic outline featuring the Product dimension and three attribute dimensions,
Caffeinated, Ounces, and Pkg Type.

Figure 39. Outline Showing Base and Attribute Dimensions
Outline Showing Base and Attribute Dimensions
In the outline, to the right of the Product dimension, the terms Caffeinated, Ounces,
and Pkg Type show that these attribute dimensions are associated with the Product
dimension.
A standard dimension is any dimension that is not an attribute dimension. When an
attribute dimension is associated with a standard dimension, the standard dimension
is the basedimension for that attribute dimension. In the outline in Figure 39, Outline
Showing Base and Attribute Dimensions, the Product dimension is the base dimension
for the Caffeinated, Ounces, and Pkg Type attribute dimensions.
Note:
Attribute dimensions and members are Dynamic Calc, so Essbase calculates attribute
information at retrieval time. Attribute data is not stored in the database.
Understanding Members of Attribute Dimensions
Members of an attribute dimension are potential attributes of the members of the
associated base dimension. After you associate a base dimension with an attribute
dimension, you associate members of the base dimension with members of the
associated attribute dimension. The Market dimension member Connecticut is
associated with the 6000000 member of the Population attribute dimension. That
makes 6000000 an attribute of Connecticut.
In the outline, the information next to a base dimension member shows the attributes
of that member. Figure 39, Outline Showing Base and Attribute Dimensions, for
example, shows that product 100-10 has three attributes—it has caffeine, is sold in
12-ounce containers, and is sold in cans.
Understanding the Rules for Base and Attribute Dimensions and Members
Rules regarding members of attribute dimensions and their base dimensions.
You can tag only sparse dimensions as attribute dimensions.
Before you can save an outline to the server, each attribute dimension must be
associated with a standard, sparse dimension as its base dimension.
Attribute dimensions must be the last dimensions in the outline.
Attribute dimensions have a type setting—text, numeric, Boolean, or date. Text is
the default setting. Although assigned at the dimension level, the type applies only to
the level 0 members of the dimension. See Understanding Attribute Types.
If you remove the attribute tag from a dimension, Essbase removes prefixes or
suffixes from its member names. Prefixes and suffixes are not visible in the outline.
See Setting Prefix and Suffix Formats for Member Names of Attribute Dimensions.
A base dimension member can have many attributes, but only one attribute from
each attribute dimension.For example, product 100-10 can have size and packaging
attributes, but only one size and only one type of packaging.
You cannot associate an attribute with an implied shared member, the child of which
is tagged as shared.
Essbase does not support attributes for Hybrid Analysis-enabled members.
You can use attribute values in calculations in the following comparisons:
> (greater than)
>= (greater than or equal to)
< (less than)
<= (less than or equal to)
= = (equal to)
<> or != (not equal to)
IN
Understanding the Rules for Attribute Dimension Association
When you associate an attribute dimension with a standard dimension, the standard
dimension is the base dimension for that attribute dimension.
An attribute dimension must be associated with a sparse standard dimension.
A standard dimension can be a base dimension for more than one attribute
dimension.
An attribute dimension can be associated with only one base dimension.For
example, you might have a Size attribute dimension with members Small, Medium,
and Large. If you associate the Size attribute dimension with the Product dimension,
you cannot also associate the Size attribute dimension with the Market dimension.
Tracking size-related information for the Market dimension requires another attribute
dimension with a different name; for example, MarketSize, with the MarketSize
attribute dimension associated with the Market dimension.
Understanding the Rules for Attribute Member Association
When you associate a member of an attribute dimension with a member of a base
dimension, follow these rules:
You cannot associate multiple members from the same attribute dimension with the
same base dimension member. For example, the Bottle and Can package types cannot
both be associated with the product 100-30.
You can associate members from different attribute dimensions with the same
member of a base dimension. For example, a decaffeinated cola product (100-30) sold
in 16-ounce bottles has three attributes—Caffeinated:False; Ounces:16; and Pkg
Type:Bottle.
After attributes are associated with base dimension members, if you cut or copy and
paste base dimension members to another outline location, the attribute associations
are lost.
Essbase does not require that each member of a base dimension be associated with
a member of an attribute dimension.
All base dimension members associated with members of a particular attribute
dimension must be at the same level.For example, in Figure 40, Association of
Attributes with the Same Level Members of the Market Dimension, all Market
dimension members that have Population attributes are at level 0. You cannot
associate East, which is a level 1 member, with a Population attribute, because the
other members of the Market dimension that have Population attributes are level 0
members.
Figure 40. Association of Attributes with the Same Level Members of the Market
Dimension
Association of Attributes with the Same Level Members of the Market Dimension
The level 0 members of attribute dimensions are the only members that you can
associate with base dimension members.For example, in the Population attribute
dimension, you can associate only level 0 members such as 3000000, 6000000, and
9000000, with members of the Market dimension. You cannot associate a level 1
member such as Small.
The name of the level 0 member of an attribute dimension is the attribute value. The
only members of attribute dimensions that have attribute values are level 0 members.
You can use the higher-level members of attribute dimensions to select and group
data. For example, you can use Small, the level 1 member of the Population attribute
dimension, to retrieve sales in both the 3000000 and 6000000 population categories.
Understanding Attribute Types
Attribute dimensions have a text, numeric, Boolean, or date type that enables
different functions for grouping, selecting, or calculating data. Although assigned at
the dimension level, the attribute type applies only to level 0 members of the
attribute dimension.
The default attribute type is text. Text attributes enable the basic attribute member
selection and attribute comparisons in calculations. When you perform such
comparisons, Essbase compares characters. For example, the package type Bottle is
less than the package type Can, because B precedes C in the alphabet. In
Sample.Basic, Pkg Type is an example of a text attribute dimension.
The names of level 0 members of numeric attribute dimensions are numeric values.
You can include the names (values) of numeric attribute dimension members in
calculations. For example, you can use the number of ounces specified in the Ounces
attribute to calculate profit per ounce for each product.You can also associate numeric
attributes with ranges of base dimension values; for example, to analyze product
sales by market population groupings—states with 3,000,000 population or less in one
group, states with a population between 3,000,001 and 6 million in another group,
and so on. See Setting Up Member Names Representing Ranges of Values.
All Boolean attribute dimensions in a database contain only two members. The
member names must match the settings for the database; for example, True and
False. If more than one Boolean attribute dimension exists, specify a prefix or suffix
member name format to ensure unique member names; for example, Caffeinated_True
and Caffeinated_False. For a discussion of how to change Boolean names, see Setting
Boolean Attribute Member Names.
You can use date attributes to specify the date format—month-day-year or day-
month-year—and to sequence information accordingly. For a discussion of how to
change date formats, see Changing the Member Names in Date Attribute Dimensions.
You can use date attributes in calculations. For example, you can compare dates in a
calculation that selects product sales from markets established since 10-12-
1999.Essbase supports date attributes from January 1, 1970, through January 1, 2038.
Comparing Attribute and Standard Dimensions
In general, attribute dimensions and their members are similar to standard
dimensions and their members. You can provide aliases and member comments for
attributes. Attribute dimensions can include hierarchies, and you can name
generations and levels. You can perform the same spreadsheet operations on attribute
dimensions and members as on standard dimensions and members; for example, to
analyze data from different perspectives, you can retrieve, pivot, and drill down in the
spreadsheet.
Table 18 describes major differences between attribute and standard dimensions and
their members.
Table 18. Differences Between Attribute and Standard Dimensions
Functionality Attribute Dimensions Standard

Dimensions
Storage Sparse. Their base dimensions also must be Can be dense or

sparse. sparse
Storage Dynamic Calc only, therefore not stored in the Can be Store
property database. The outline does not display this Data, Dynamic
property. Calc and Store,
Dynamic Calc,
Never Share, or
Label Only
Position in Must be the last dimensions in the outline Must be ahead of

outline all attribute
dimensions in
the outline
Partitions Cannot be defined along attribute dimensions, Can be defined

but you can use attributes to define a partition along standard
on a base dimension. dimensions.
Formulas Cannot be associated Can be

(on members) associated

Dimensions
Shared Not allowed Allowed

members
Two-pass Not available Available

calculation
member
property
Two-pass If a member formula contains a runtime- Calculation is

calculation dependent function associated with an performed on
with runtime attribute member name, and the member with standard
formula the formula is tagged as two-pass, calculation members with
skips the member and issues a warning runtime formulas
message. Runtime-dependent functions and tagged two-
include: @CURRMBR, @PARENT, @PARENTVAL, pass.
@SPARENTVAL, @MDPARENTVAL, @ANCEST,
@ANCESTVAL, @SANCESTVAL, and
@MDANCESTVAL.
Two-pass, Order of calculation of members tagged two- Calculation result

multiple pass depends on order in outline. The last is not dependent
dimensions: dimension is calculated last. on outline order
Calculation for members
order tagged two-pass
in more than one
dimension.
Two-pass Calculation skipped, warning message issued. Available

calculation Therefore, member intersection of two-pass
with no tagged members and upper-level members
member may return different results from calculation on
formula standard dimensions.
Dense Calculations skip dense dimensions if they are Available

Dynamic Calc on nonexisting stored blocks. To identify
members in nonexisting stored blocks, export the database
nonexisting or run query to find out whether block has
stored blocks data.
UDAs on Not allowed Allowed

members

Dimensions
Consolidations For all members, calculated through the Consolidation

Attribute Calculations dimension members: operation
Sum, Count, Min, Max, and Avg. Consolidation indicated by
operators in the outline are ignored during assigning the
attribute calculations. desired
consolidation
symbol to each
member
Member Available types include text, numeric, Boolean, All members

selection and date. treated as text
facilitated by
Level 0
member
typing
Associations Must be associated with a base dimension N/A
Spreadsheet List the base dimension data associated with List lower or
drill-downs the selected attribute. For example, drilling sibling levels of
down on the attribute Glass displays sales for detail in the
each product packaged in glass, where Product standard
is the base dimension for the Pkg Type dimensions. For
attribute dimension. example, drilling
down on QTR1
displays a list of
products and
their sales for
that quarter.
Comparing Attributes and UDAs

Attributes and UDAs enable analysis based on characteristics of the data. Attributes
provide greater capability than UDAs. The tables in this topic describe the differences
between attributes and UDAs in these areas of functionality:
Data storage (Table 19, Data Storage—Comparing Attributes and UDAs)
Data retrieval (Table 20, Data Retrieval—Comparing Attributes and UDAs)
Data conversion (Table 21, Data Conversion—Comparing Attributes and UDAs)
Calculation scripts (Table 22, Calculation Scripts—Comparing Attributes and UDAs)
Table 19. Data Storage—Comparing Attributes and UDAs
Data storage Attributes UDAs
Data storage Attributes UDAs
You can associate with sparse dimensions. Supported Supported
You can associate with dense dimensions. Not supported Supported

Table 20. Data Retrieval—Comparing Attributes and UDAs
Data Retrieval Attributes UDAs
You can group and retrieve consolidated totals by Supported Supported

attribute or UDA value. For example, associate the Simple More
value High Focus Item to various members of the difficult to
Product dimension and use that term to retrieve totals implement,
and details for only those members. requiring
additional
calculation
scripts or
commands
You can categorize attributes in a hierarchy and retrieve Supported Supported
consolidated totals by higher levels in the attribute More
hierarchy; for example, if each product has a size difficult to
attribute such as 8, 12, 16, or 32, and the sizes are implement
categorized as small, medium, and large. You can view
the total sales of small products.
You can create crosstab views displaying aggregate Supported Supported
totals of attributes associated with the same base You can You can
dimension. show a retrieve
crosstab only totals
of all based on
values of specific
each UDA
attribute values.
dimension.
You can use Boolean operators AND, OR, and NOT with Supported Supported
attribute and UDA values to refine a query. For
example, you can select decaffeinated drinks from the
100 product group.
Because attributes have a text, Boolean, date, or Supported Not
numeric type, you can use appropriate operators and supported
functions to work with and display attribute data. For
example, you can view sales totals of all products
introduced after a specific date.
Data Retrieval Attributes UDAs

You can group numeric attributes into ranges of values Supported Not
and let the dimension building process automatically supported
associate the base member with the appropriate range.
For example, you can group sales in various regions
based on ranges of their populations—less than 3
million, between 3 million and 6 million, and so on.
Through the Attribute Calculations dimension, you can Supported Not
view aggregations of attribute values as sums, counts, supported
minimums, maximums, and averages.
You can use an attribute in a calculation that defines a Supported Not
member. For example, you can use the weight of a supported
product in ounces to define the profit per ounce member
of the Measures dimension.
You can retrieve specific base members using attribute- Supported Supported
related information. Powerful Limited to
conditional text string
and value- matches
based only
selections
Table 21. Data Conversion—Comparing Attributes and UDAs
Data Conversion Attributes UDAs
Based on the value of a UDA, you can change the sign of Not Supported
the data as it is loaded into the database. For example, supported
you can reverse the sign of all members with the UDA
Debit.
Table 22. Calculation Scripts—Comparing Attributes and UDAs
Calculation Scripts Attributes UDAs
You can perform calculations on a member if its attribute Supported Supported

or UDA value matches a specific value. For example, you
can increase the price by 10% of all products with the
attribute or UDA of Bottle.
You can perform calculations on base members whose Supported Not

attribute value satisfies conditions that you specify. For supported
example, you can calculate the Profit per Ounce of each
base member.
Designing Attribute Dimensions
Essbase provides more than one way to design attribute information into a database.
Most often, defining characteristics of the data through attribute dimensions and their
members is the best approach. The following sections discuss when to use attribute
dimensions, when to use other features, and how to optimize performance when using
attributes.
Using Attribute Dimensions
For the most flexibility and functionality, use attribute dimensions to define attribute
data. Using attribute dimensions provides the following features:
Sophisticated, flexible data retrievalYou can view attribute data only when you want
to; you can create meaningful summaries through crosstabs; and, using type-based
comparisons, you can selectively view only the data that you want to see.
Additional calculation functionalityNot only can you perform calculations on the
names of members of attribute dimensions to define members of standard
dimensions, you can also access five types of consolidations of attribute data—sums,
counts, averages, minimums, and maximums.
Economy and simplicityBecause attribute dimensions are sparse, Dynamic Calc, they
are not stored as data. Compared to using shared members, outlines using attribute
dimensions contain fewer members and are easier to read.
See Understanding Attributes.
Using Alternative Design Approaches
In some situations, consider one of the following approaches:
UDAs. Although UDAs provide less flexibility than attributes, you can use them to
group and retrieve data based on its characteristics. See Comparing Attributes and
UDAs.
Shared members. For example, to include a seasonal analysis in the Year
dimension, repeat the months as shared members under the appropriate season;
Winter: Jan (shared member), Feb (shared member), and so on. A major disadvantage
of using shared members is that the outline becomes large if the categories repeat
many members.
Standard dimensions and members. Additional standard dimensions provide
flexibility but add storage requirements and complexity to a database. For guidelines
on evaluating the impact of additional dimensions, see Analyzing and Planning.
Table 23 describes situations in which you might consider an alternative approach to
managing attribute data in a database.
Table 23. Considering Alternatives to Attribute Dimensions
Situation Alternative
Analyze UDAs or shared members

attributes of
dense
dimensions
Situation Alternative
Perform batch Shared members or members of separate, standard dimensions

calculation of
data
Define the Shared members or members of separate, standard dimensions

name of a
member of an
attribute
dimension as a
value that
results from a
formula
Define Members of separate, standard dimensions. For example, to track

attributes that product maintenance costs over time, the age of the product at
vary over time the time of maintenance is important. However, using the
attribute feature, you could associate only one age with the
product. You need multiple members in a separate dimension for
each time period that you want to track.
Minimize Batch calculation with shared members or members of separate,

retrieval time standard dimensions.
with large
numbers of
base-dimension
members
Optimizing Outline Performance

Outline layout and content can affect attribute calculation and query performance. For
general outline design guidelines, see Designing an Outline to Optimize Performance.
To optimize attribute query performance, consider the following design tips:
Ensure that attribute dimensions are the only sparse Dynamic Calc dimensions in
the outline.
Locate sparse dimensions after dense dimensions in the outline. Place the most-
queried dimensions at the beginning of the sparse dimensions and attribute
dimensions at the end of the outline. In most situations, base dimensions are queried
most.
See Optimizing Calculation and Retrieval Performance.
Building Attribute Dimensions
To build an attribute dimension, tag the dimension as an attribute and assign the
dimension a type. Then associate the attribute dimension with a base dimension.
Finally, associate each level 0 member of the attribute dimension with a member of
the associated base dimension.
To build an attribute dimension, see “Defining Attributes” in the Oracle Essbase
Administration Services Online Help.
To view the dimension, attribute value, and attribute type of a specific attribute
member, use a tool:
Tool Topic Location
Administration Viewing Attribute Oracle Essbase Administration

Services Information in Outlines Services Online Help
MaxL query database Oracle Essbase Technical Reference
ESSCMD GETATTRINFO Oracle Essbase Technical Reference
vamshi krishna at 02:30
Share
111 comments:
csr 11 June 2013 at 00:09

good work..............thankyou
Reply
Pritam Chanda 19 June 2013 at 14:00

thanks
Reply
Replies
Satya Narayana 18 September 2013 at 01:46

Hi All,
This is regarding the addition of 2 dimensions and the performance got affected after the
addition.
We have implemented a archive cube for some particular years and move the data to the
archive cube, and also changed the member properties from stored to dynamic.
Kashif M 4 August 2014 at 03:11

http://mkashu.blogspot.com/2014/06/top-170-hyperion-essbase-interview.html
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srinadh v 28 November 2013 at 08:38

thank u sir .it is very help ful for preparing interview point of view.i requsted you can you share the real time
problems .
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Shaykh Rz 27 February 2014 at 22:55

thank you sir.......
Reply
Shaykh Rz 27 February 2014 at 22:57

please cover some HFR interview questions as well
Reply
Kashif M 4 August 2014 at 03:12

Hyperion interview questions which has been asked in MNC
http://mkashu.blogspot.com/2014/06/top-170-hyperion-essbase-interview.html
Reply
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Good Thanks for giving such a information .....
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In database computing, Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) — an option for the Oracle Database
software produced by Oracle Corporation and introduced in 2001 with Oracle9i — provides software for
clustering and high availability in Oracle database environments. Oracle Corporation includes RAC with the
Standard Edition, provided the nodes are clustered using Oracle Clusterware.
Oracle RAC allows multiple computers to run Oracle RDBMS software simultaneously while accessing a
single database, thus providing clustering.
In a non-RAC Oracle database, a single instance accesses a single database. The database consists of a
collection of data files, control files, and redo logs located on disk. The instance comprises the collection of
Oracle-related memory and operating system processes that run on a computer system.
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Performance tuning is a broad and somewhat complex topic area when it comes to Oracle databases. Two
of the biggest questions faced by your average DBA concern where to start and what to do. All you may
know is that someone (a user) reports a problem about a slow or poor performing application or query.
Where do you even begin to start when faced with this situation?
Oracle's emphasis on this particular methodology changed when Oracle9i was released. The approach
has gone from top-down in 8i to that of following principles in 9i/10g. Neither methodology is absolute as
each has its advantages and disadvantages.
The Oracle Server is a sophisticated and highly tunable software product. Its flexibility allows you to make
small adjustments that affect database performance. By tuning your system, you can tailor its performance
to best meet your needs.
Performance must be built in! Performance tuning cannot be performed optimally after a system is put into
production. To achieve performance targets of response time, throughput, and constraints you must tune
application analysis, design, and implementation.
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What is in-line calculation?
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10/27/2018 Hyperion: Essbase Interview Questions

Essbase Interview Questions

When do we generally use build rules files?

In what case we can define generation 1 to a field in generation build method.

Suppose we have assigned Generation 2 and Generation 4 as of now and think of

Can we query a member for its UDA in a calculation script.

How does UDA's impact database size?

What is the difference between UDA's and Attribute dimensions?

How does Attribute dim impact report performance?

How is data stored in the Essbase database?

Can we have multiple databases in one single application?

What is the role of provider services.

We have created an application as unicode mode. Can we change it later to non-

How can I migrate an application from my test environment to the production

the answers to other two questions are Yes.

A customer wants to run two instances of an Essbase server on a same machine

What does never consolidate operator (^) do?

Can we have an meta outline based on two different OLAP models.

What is hybrid analysis?

What is block locking system?

What are LRO's( Linked Reporting Objects)?

How does UDA's impact database size?

Can we have an meta outline based on two different OLAP models.

Can we create UDA’s and apply it to Dense as well as Sparse dimensions?

Types of Partitions available in Essbase?

What is hybrid analysis?

How can you display UDA’s in reports?

What is block locking system?

Can we have multiple databases in one single application?

Ans: Yes. But only one database per application is recommended.

How is data stored in the Essbase database?

We have created an application as unicode mode. Can we change it later to non-

What are the types of partitioning options available in Essbase?

What is the role of provider services.

A customer wants to run two instances of an Essbase server on a same machine

Can we have multiple databases in one single application?

What is the role of provider services.

What is data file cache?

What is custom defined function?

We have created an application as Unicode mode. Can we change it later to non-

How can I migrate an application from my test environment to the production

A customer wants to run two instances of an Essbase server on a same machine

What is custom based macro?

What do you mean by dirty block?

When do we generally use build rules files?

What does never consolidate operator(^) do?

Suppose we have assigned Generation 2 and Generation 4 as of now and think of

What are attributes?

Why do objects gets locked and when does this happens?

What is the difference between UDA's and Attribute dimensions?

What are different types of attributes?

What are filters?

What is TB First and TB Last?

How does Attribute dim impact report performance?

How is data stored in the Essbase database?

When does Fragmentation occur?

Fragmentation is likely to occur with the following:

· Read/write databases that users are constantly updating with data

· Databases that execute calculations around the clock

· Databases that frequently update and recalculate dense members

· Data loads that are poorly designed

Small (up to 200 MB) 60% or higher

Medium (up to 2 GB) 40% or higher