Script

Script Visuals

Montage of cinematographer’s/director’s
quotes (what is cinematography to them)
Let’s get real for a moment, if I keep talking and - Blank screen to prove point of
there’s nothing on the screen you’re going to having visual confirmation
get bored really quickly and what’s the point of - Title
looking at a blank screen. Why would you need - Camera crews working bts.
to see something on the screen? You need
- People watching movies
some kind of visual confirmation to help give
- Footage of Titanic
your imagination a little nudge in the right
direction. And there’s a very important element - Footage of Dunkirk
that would complete this speech, what would - Flashback montage of film
you call it? - Film from each century

Cinematography

Cinematography is a science. Without this

element, film wouldn’t exist to the point it is
right now. It’s about having the sight to
visualise a story.
When you watch a movie, you want to be
drawn in and feel like you are actually there,
whether you’re on the titanic or on the beaches
waiting for the British battle ships. This artwork
is not to be taken lightly, 140 years have shown
us the whole development and how vast it has
become! Look at this evolution of film.
Why should you care about cinematography? Title with picture
1878…...The beginning of film. Title
British Photographer, Eadweard Muybridge, - Picture of him and any footage of
made the first moving picture or as you know it him
as the first film. You are probably familiar with - Moving horse clip
the moving horse. - -//- Picture by picture then speeding
This film was made up of many pictures with
up till it’s moving smoothly.
one twenty-fifth of a second in-between them,
to capture when all of a horse’s hooves were
off the ground.
Then came along the Lumière brothers, the - Cartoon of the L bros? or any
French brothers brought the early motion- footage
picture camera and projector. This duo - Camera crossed out
revolutionised film to what it is today. - Example
Without them the camera technology we have
today would not be the same. They would film
people going to work, or general everyday life,
and it would be on a loop and only last a few
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seconds. This is a very simple example that

started with a revolutionary idea.
The first film camera was created by Thomas - Edison and Dickson
Edison and William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, it - Kinetograph
was a Strip Kinetograph. The Kinetoscope was a - People watching a film/film showing
projectioner and showed the film, you would on screen
pay 5 cents to watch a twenty to thirty second
video and you would go to a film theatre. The
first one to be opened was on Broadway in
New York City.

Short history cartoon/clip

Over 120 years have gone by and we have seen - Timeline of 120 years
many different cameras come and go, as - Clips of film filmed by different
technology has advanced so have the cameras. cameras
The first recognisable one was the - Show Sony and RED next to each
2709 Standard 35M made by Bell & Howell in
other in comparison
the early 20th century, then came the Bolex
- Show IMAX and AA next to each
H16. The Super Panavision 70/Ultra
Panavision 70 Systems was used to film Seven other in comparison
Brides for Seven Brothers, Lawrence of
Arabia, and 2001: A Space Odyssey. Sony HDW-
F900…and RED ONE. Then the most popular
choices, IMAX and ARRI ALEXA.
And when filming with a camera you would List of camera shots (either words in different
vary with scenes, angles and the lighting of fonts or examples all on screen at one time
each shot.
All of these individual shots and more each - Panel of shots from films
have a significance to making a film.
A long shot is used to show the subject’s - Long Shot test shoot
whole body in frame but not too close so
that you can see the background and
surroundings.
A Medium Close Up normally focuses on - Medium Close Up test shoot
the subject but they are only shown from
the chest up and some of the background is
noticeable.
A Single Shot literally means one single - Single Shot test shoot
person is in shot.
Shallow Focus, is to focus on the subject or - Shallow Focus test shoot
subjects in frame and the surrounding is
out of focus so that you are watching the
subject. It also adds an aesthetic feel to it.
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A Low Angle Shot is normally used to show - Low Angle Shot test shoot
someone more powerful or stronger than - Horror film scream
anybody else that would be looking up at - Horror genre
them, this is also used as a fear factor and
is used more in the horror genre.
Ground Level Shot focuses on the subject’s - Ground Level Shot test shoot
feet and the ground they are standing on
and the surrounding.
A Static or Fixed Shot is as it’s named. This - Static/Fixed Shot test shoot
shot is generally used for comedic films as - Comedic film
the actors could be moving a lot and this is
where this shot comes in.
Dutch Tilt. This shot normally adds a level - Dutch Tilt test shoot
of disorientation and the whole time this
shot is used; the camera is constantly tilted
to the side.
Using the large variety of shots make films to - Best film shots
entrancing and interesting and some of these - Clips from award shows
films get nominated for Oscars, Golden Globes - More award shows (sped up)
and Bafta’s, etc.
But cinematography is not just used for films. Clip of someone shaking head.
It’s used for everything, like Music Videos, Flash clips of Music Videos, Television and
Television, Documentaries, etc. Documentary
Opening riff of Dire Straits Money for Nothing
Music Videos are revolutionary in the visual - Montage of music videos
industry as well as cinematography. - Two music videos side by side for
Music Videos haven’t changed that much over comparison
the years, they generally have a storyline and - Show 2 same genre music videos
the camerawork isn’t that different from each
side by side
other. While the style of storytelling might be
- Show a slow song then upbeat song,
different for each artist and new genres are
being introduced, they are still filmed with a compare camera movements
camera and they use the same shots in most - Cinematographer filming music
videos. The variety of shots will also depend on video
the mood of the song. The camera movement is
very important, in a sad song might be slow
moving and there might be a lot of still shots
and panning. A more upbeat song will have a
lot more movement in it, there will be more to
see and more going on on-screen.
It’s this time that the cinematographer will
have to use their creativity to get those shots,
either envisioned by them or the artist.
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See in these two Music Videos that the range of - Two music videos from different
camera shots are the same as each other, both eras
from different times but very similar.
Music Videos add a level of creativity and gives - Music Video bts
the DoP more freedom and creativity to make
the video more memorable.
It’s also important to use the lighting and - Lights changing colour (also for
surroundings to factor in the colours that are background)
needed.
This is the same for other industries, such as - Title
Documentary.
Documentaries are so dependent on - Planet Earth and other famous
cinematography, this is one of the most documentaries
important factors. Visual context is needed! - Title
Planet Earth is so visually pleasing, that you will - Planet Earth clips
watch and let the information sink in. All these - Each BBC Documentary series
colours going across the screen and then David (Planet earth, Blue Planet, Frozen
Attenborough giving you all the facts and Planet, Life)
history behind each animal. Each episode is
filled with such amazing shots for each new
location.
There’s a crew team that go to different similar - Behind the scenes on every series
locations, there would be one for jungles, one
for more city environments, a crew to film at
sea, etc. They all have the same job, to film all
these animals in their natural habitats.
Their very expensive camera equipment - Short clip from Planet earth
catches these movements in an amazing 4K - Footage from 360 cameras
projection. And most of these will be the most - Crew members with equipment
inconspicuous small static cameras most likely - Cameraman in the wild
360, they will be left out in the wild to catch the
rarest animals. And if these cameras don’t
work, a cameraman will have to camp out in
the area it was last seen with special heat
signature cameras and sensors.
Television is another factor. - Title
- People talking about tv on tv (or
expert)
Back when TV shows started, the cameras - I Love Lucy bts
where stationary but could be moved about - Now TV show bts
across the floor of the set. Now, TV shows can
be filmed anywhere. While sets are still being
used, the camera technology has advanced,
and they are able to take them across the
country or the world; compared to the 50s.
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Filming a Television show today is like shooting - Episode count timeline

a movie but for 30-40 minutes at a time. Just - Compare scary music video and
like music videos, there is a lot of creativity scary tv show
when it comes to creating emotion in a shot. - AHS clips
American Horror Story constantly plays on your
emotions, whether they’re drawing out fear,
laughter, sadness and more.
Some Television shows have gone on to be - Show the shows listed
made into films. Dads army, Absolutely
Fabulous, the Batman Trilogy, Dr Who, Star
Trek, 21 Jump Street and many more.
Seeing as these shows were made into films, it - Compare tv to film
just shows how similar they are. Whether that’s - Show the similarity with title slate at
in the production companies brought in and all the bottom
the set designers. They are made to be similar.
Now that we’ve looked at Film, Music Video, - MV, Doc, Film, TV clips all side by
Documentary and Television. You should some side
understanding how they are shot.
Overall cinematography is a blessing to have, - Cinematography
you don’t have to be creative or absolutely love formula/equation/cartoon
it, but it can help benefit you.
Cinematography for me is like an escape - B-roll of me filming, watching a
whether that’s watching a film or going out to clip/film, analysing clips
film. At this time, we’ve seen film go so far and - Clips of these people
we don’t know where it’ll end. And with - Roger Deakins
creative people like Christopher Nolan, Roger
- No Country for Old Men, Skyfall and
Deakins, JJ Abrams, Tyler Perry, Alfred
Blade Runner 2049.
Hitchcock and many more. Roger Deakins’ work
has always inspired me, especially his work on
No Country for Old Men, Skyfall and Blade
Runner 2049.
With Virtual Reality advancing and becoming - VR clips
more popular, it’s looking like VR headsets will
soon replace theatres.
Someone has already filmed a movie with just - Movie filmed with phone
their iPhone. Our phones have advanced so
that the spec of the camera is better and has
the space and capacity to use to film.
Cameras will advance so much that they will - ????
start getting even smaller, you already get 4k
Projection with some smaller cameras and
these will become the future.
- Rewind of whole production taken
to quotes that will repeat then finish
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Where do you think cinematography will end - Title

up?