NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DURGAPUR

EXPERIMENTS

Serial Description of Test Date of Remarks

Numbe Experiment
r
1. Tests on Fine Aggregates 13/08/2018
1.(a) Particle Size Distribution
1.(b) Specific Gravity and Water Absorption
1.(c) Bulk Density and Voids
2. Tests on Course Aggregate 06/08/2018
2.(a) Particle Size Distribution
2.(b) Specific Gravity and Water Absorption Test
2.(c) Bulk Density and Voids
3. Mix design 27/08/2018
3.(a) Test Performed

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1. TESTS ON FINE AGGREGATE

1.(a) Particle Size Distribution

 Objective :-
To determine the particle size distribution, fineness modulus and grading curve of
fine aggregate.

 Apparatus Used :
Weighing balance, Vibratory sieve shaker and set of standard sieve of following
sizes : 4.75 mm, 2.36 mm, 1.18 mm, 600μm, 300 μm, 150 μm .

 Test Procedure :-
1.Take 300 gm of fine aggregate.
2. Arrange the sieve size in descending order with largest size on the top.
3. Set the sieves in vibratory sieve shaker and carry out the sieving for not less
than 15 minutes.
4. Find the weight of aggregate retained on each sieve taken in order and tabulate
in table.
5.From the results the percentage passing through each of the sieves is
calculated.
6.Draw the grain size distribution curve for the aggregate in the semi-logarithmic
graph.

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 Apparatus Images :-

Vibratory sieve shaker

Enamel Tray

Weighing Machine

 Data :-
Total weight of fine aggregate taken = 300 gm

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 Observation Table:-

Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3

Sieve Size Weight Retained(gm) Weight Retained(gm) Weight Retained(gm)

4.75 mm 3.5 4 3.5

2.36 mm 7 8 8
1.18 mm 18 24 23
600μm 60.5 76.5 76
300μm 148.5 142.5 139.5
150μm 57 42 46
Pan 5.5 3 4
Total 300 300 300

 Calculated Data:-
For sample 1
Sieve Weight Percentage Cumulative Percentage
size retained(gm) wt percentage finer
retained wt
retained
4.75 3.5 1.166667 1.166667 98.83333
mm
2.36 7 2.333333 3.5 96.5
mm
1.18 18 6 9.5 90.5
mm
600μm 60.5 20.16667 29.66667 70.33333
300μm 148.5 49.5 79.16667 20.83333
150μm 57 19 98.16667 1.833333
Pan 5.5 1.833333 100 0

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Fineness modulus= sum of cumulative percentage weight retained/100

=(1.166667+3.5+9.5+29.66667+79.16667+98.16667)/100
= 221.1667/100= 2.212
As per IS 383 -1970 (Table 4) the required Grading zone is = grading zone 3

GSD CURVE FOR SAMPLE 1

100
80
% FINER

60
40
20
0
0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00
IS SIEVE SIZE (MM)

For sample 2
Sieve Weight Percentage Cumulative Percentage
size retained(gm) wt percentage finer
retained wt
retained
4.75 4 1.333333 1.333333 98.66667
mm
2.36 8 2.666667 4 96
mm
1.18 24 8 12 88
mm
600 76.5 25.5 37.5 62.5
μm
300 142.5 47.5 85 15
μm
150 42 14 99 1
μm
Pan 3 1 100 0

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Fineness modulus= sum of cumulative percentage weight retained/100

=(1.333333+4+12+37.5+85+99)/100
=238.833/100=2.388
As per IS 383 -1970 (Table 4) the required Grading zone is = grading zone 3

GSD CURVE FOR SAMPLE 2

100
80
% FINER

60
40
20
0
0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00
IS SIEVE SIZE (MM)

For sample 3
Sieve Weight Percentage Cumulative Percentage
size retained(gm) wt retained percentage finer
wt retained
4.75 3.5 1.166667 1.166667 98.83333
mm
2.36 8 2.666667 3.833333 96.16667
mm
1.18 23 7.666667 11.5 88.5
mm
600 μm 76 25.33333 36.83333 63.16667
300 μm 139.5 46.5 83.33333 16.66667
150 μm 46 15.33333 98.66667 1.333333
Pan 4 1.333333 100 0

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Fineness modulus = sum of cumulative percentage weight retained/100

= (1.166667+3.833333+11.5+36.83333+83.33333+98.66667)
=235.333/100= 2.353
As per IS 383 -1970 (Table 4) the required Grading zone is = grading zone 3

GSD CURVE FOR SAMPLE 3

100

80
% FINER

60

40

20

0
0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00
IS SIEVE SIZE (MM)

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1.(b) Specific gravity and Water absorption test of Fine Aggregate

 Objective :-
To determine the specific gravity and water absorption of fine grained soil.
 Apparatus used:-

A balance of capacity not less than 3kg readable and accurate to 0.5 gm, A well
ventilated oven to maintain a temperature of 100ºC to 110ºC, Enamel tray.

 Test procedure:-

1. Take the weight of empty pycnometer (W1).

2. Take about 368.5 gm

of sample and place it in the pycnometer and note down the weight (W2).

3. Pour distilled water into it until it is full.

4. Eliminate the entrapped air by rotating the pycnometer on its side.

5. Wipe out the outer surface of pycnometer and weigh it (W3)

6. Transfer the contents of the pycnometer into a tray, care being taken to ensure that all the
aggregate is transferred.

7. Refill the pycnometer with distilled water to the same level.

8. Find out the weight (W4)

9. Place the sample in oven in a tray at a temperature of 100ºC to 110º C for 24±0.5 hours,

10. Cool the sample and weigh it (W).

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 Apparatus images:-

 Data :-

Weight of empty pycnometer = 137.5 gm

 Observation:-
Weight of empty container (W1) =137.5gm
Weight of pycnometer + sand (W2) = 506gm
Weight of pycnometer + sand + water (W3) = 889.5gm
Weight of pycnometer +water (W4) = 663gm

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Oven Dry weight of sand (W) = VALUE NOT OBTAINED

 Calculation:-
Weight of sand (W2-W1) =506-137.5
=368.5 gm
Equivalent weight of sand in terms of water (W3-W4) = 889.5-663
=226.5 gm
Apparent Specific gravity of sand is (Gm) = (W2-W1)/( (W2-W1)-(W3-W4))
=368.5/ (368.5-226.5)
=2.595
Specific gravity of sand (G) = W/ (W-(W3-W4))
=x

Water absorption of sand = ((W2-W1)-W)/ (W2-W1)

=x

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1. (c)Bulk density and void ratio of fine aggregate

 Objective :-
To determine the bulk density and void ratio of fine aggregate.
 Apparatus used:-
Weighing Balance, Cylindrical metal mould, Tamping rod.
 Test Procedure :-
 Procedure for Loose Bulk Density :-

1.Measure the volume of the cylindrical metal mould and weight of empty mould.

2.Fill the cylindrical mould to overflowing by means of a scoop, the aggregate

being discharged from a height not exceeding 5 cm above the top of the measure.

3. Level the top surface of the aggregate in the mould with a straightedge or
tamping bar.

4. Determine the weight of the aggregate in the mould.

 Procedure for Compacted Bulk Density :-

1. Fill the cylindrical metal mould about one-third full with thoroughly mixed
aggregate and tamp it 25 times using tamping rod.

2. Add another layer of one-third volume of aggregate in the metal measure and
give another 25 strokes of tamping bar.

3. Finally fill aggregate in the metal mould to over-flowing and tamp it 25 times.

4. Remove the surplus aggregate using the tamping rod as a straightedge.

5. Determine the weight of the aggregate in the mould.

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 Apparatus Images :-

Weighing Balance

Cylindrical Mould

 Data :-
Height of metal mould = 0.176 m
Diameter of metal mould = 0.15 m

So, volume of mould = (π × 0.152 × 0.176 )/4 = 3.11017 x 10-3 m3

 Observation Table :-

For Loose Condition

Sample number Aggregate weight with mould (gm)

Sample 1 8467
Sample 2 8431
Sample 3 8475

For Compacted Condition

Sample number Aggregate weight with mould (gm)

Sample 1 8762
Sample 2 8650
Sample 3 8664

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 Calculated Data :-

For Loose Condition

Weight of empty mould (W1) = 3667 gm

Weight of cylinder with loose sand =W2 gm

Bulk Density = (W2-W1)/Volume of Mould

Sample Aggregate Sand weight Bulk density Average bulk

number with mould (gm) (kg/m3) density
weight (gm) (kg/m3)
Sample 1 8467 4810 1543.309
Sample 2 8431 4764 1531.734 1540.308
Sample 3 8475 4808 1545.881

For Compacted Condition

Weight of empty mould (W1) = 3667 gm

Weight of cylinder with compacted sand =W3 gm

Bulk Density = (W3-W1)/Volume of Mould

Sample number Aggregate with Sand weight Bulk density Average bulk
mould weight (gm) (kg/m3) density (kg/m3)
(gm)
Sample 1 8762 5095 1638.158
Sample 2 8650 4983 1602.147 1615.6513
Sample 3 8664 4997 1606.649

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𝑮𝒔 − 𝜸
Percentage void in aggregate = ( ) × 100
𝑮𝒔
𝑥−1.53
=( ) × 100
𝑥

=x%
Gs = Specific gravity of fine aggregate
γ = Bulk density at loose condition

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2.TESTS ON COARSE AGGREGATE

2.(a) Particle Size Distribution

 Objective :-
To determine the particle size distribution, fineness modulus and grading curve of
coarse aggregate.
 Theory:-
Fineness modulus of coarse aggregates represents the average size of the
particles in the coarse aggregates by an index number. It is calculated by
performing sieve analysis with standard sieves.
 Apparatus Used :-
Weighing balance, set of standard sieve of following sizes :25 mm, 20 mm, 12.5
mm, 10 mm, 6.3mm, 4.75mm .
 Test Procedure :-
1.Take 20 kg of coarse Aggregate.
2. Arrange the sieve size in descending order with largest size on top.
3. The sieving has been done by manually.
4. Find the weight of aggregate retained on each sieve taken in order and tabulate
in table.
5.From the results the % passing through each of the sieves is calculated.
6.Draw the grain size distribution curve for the aggregate in the semi-logarithmic
graph.

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 Apparatus Images :-

Enamel Tray
Weighing Machine

Sieves

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 Data :-
Total weight of coarse aggregate taken = 20 kg.

 Observation Table:-
Sample 1 Sample 2
Sieve Weight retained Sieve Weight retained
size(mm) (gm) size(mm) (gm)

25 700 12.5 250

20 6650 10.0 3450
12.5 10400 6.3 15300
10 1650 4.75 200
6.3 250 2.36 350
4.75 50 Pan 450
Pan 300

For sample -1
Sieve Weight Percentage Cumulative Percentage
size(mm) retained(gm) weight retained percentage finer
weight retained

25 700 3.50 3.50 96.50

20 6650 33.25 36.75 63.25
12.5 10400 52.00 88.75 11.25
10 1650 8.25 97.00 3.00
6.3 250 1.25 98.25 1.75
4.75 50 0.25 98.50 1.50
Pan 300 1.50 100.00 0

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Fineness modulus= sum of cumulative percentage weight retained up to sieve

size 150 µm/100
=(3.50+36.75+88.75+97.00+98.25+98.50+100+100+100+100+100)/100
= 9.23
As per IS 383 -1970 (Table 2) the nominal size of the coarse aggregate is 40 mm.

For sample - 2
Sieve size Weight Percentage Cumulative Percentage
(mm) retained(g weight percentage finer
m) retained weight retained
12.5 250 1.25 1.25 98.75
10.0 3450 17.25 18.50 81.50
6.3 15300 76.50 95.00 5.00
4.75 200 1.00 96.00 4.00
2.36 350 1.75 97.75 2.25
Pan 450 2.25 100.00 0

Fineness modulus= sum of cumulative percentage weight retained up to

150µm/100
=(1.25+18.50+95.00+96.00+97.75+100+100+100+100)/100
=708.50/100
=7.085
As per IS 383 -1970 (Table 2) the nominal size of aggregate is 16 mm.

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GSD Curve for Sample 1

% Finer

IS Sieve Size (mm)

GSD Curve for Sample 2

% Finer

Sieve Size (mm)

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2. (b) Specific gravity and water absorption test of coarse aggregate

 Objective :-
To determine the specific gravity and water absorption test of coarse
aggregate.

 Theory:-
The specific gravity of an aggregate is considered to be a measure of
strength or quality of the material.

Water absorption give an idea of the strength of aggregate. Aggregate

which are more porous in nature has more water absorption capacity and
are generally considered unsuitable unless they are found to be acceptable
based on strength, impact and hardness tests.

 Apparatus used:-

1. A wire basket of not more than 6-3 mm mesh.

2. Water tight container in which the basket may be freely suspended.
3. Well ventilated oven.
4. Tapping rod and a Balance.

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 Apparatus and material photo:-

Aggregate Sample and drying cloth

Wire Basket

Enamel Tray

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 Test procedure:-

1. A sample not less than 2000g of the aggregate shall be thoroughly washed to
remove finer particles and dust, drained and then placed in the wire basket and
immersed in distilled water at a temperature between 22 0C to 230C with a cover
of at least 5cm of water above the top of the basket.
2. Immediately after immersion the entrapped air is removed from the sample by
lifting the basket containing it 25mm above the base of the tank and allowing it
to drop 25 times at the rate of about one drop per second. The basket and
aggregate shall remain completely immersed during the operation and for a
period of 24 hours afterwards.
3. The basket and the sample shall be weighed in water.
4. The basket and the aggregate shall then be removed from the water and allowed
to drain for a few minutes, after which the aggregate shall be gently emptied
from the basket on to one of the dry clothes, and the empty basket shall be
returned to water and weighed in water.
5. The aggregate placed on the dry cloth shall be gently surface dried with the
cloth, transferring it to the second dry cloth when the first will remove no further
moisture. The aggregate shall then be weighed.
6. The aggregate shall then be placed in the oven in the shallow tray, at a
temperature of 100 to 1100C and maintained at this temperature for 24 hrs. It
shall be removed from the oven, cooled and weighed.
7. Calculations of specific gravity, apparent specific gravity and water absorption is
done.

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 Sample Calculations:-

For aggregate size: 12.5 mm

Weight of empty basket immersed in water (W2) =1896.8 g

Weight of basket + aggregate (W1) =3005.2 g
Weight of Wet aggregate (W1-W2) =1108.4 g

Weight of aggregate(surface dry) (W3) =1696.7 g

Weight of aggregate(oven dry) (W4) =1681.1 g

Weight of water equal to the volume of aggregate= W3 - (W1 - W2)

=1696.7 - 1108.4
=588.3 g

1. Specific Gravity =W3/{W3-(W1-W2)} =1696.7/(1696.7 - 1108.4)

=2.884
2. Apparent Specific Gravity =W4/{W4-(W1-W2)}=1681.1/(1681.1-1108.4)
=2.935
3. Water Absorption=(W3-W4)X100/W4 = (1696.7-1681.1)X100/1681.1
=0.93%

For aggregate size: 25 mm

Weight of empty basket immersed in water (W2)=1896.8 g

Weight of basket + aggregate (W1) =3301.1 g
So, Weight of Wet aggregate (W1-W2) =1404.3 g

Weight of aggregate(surface dry) (W3) =2154.5 g

Weight of aggregate(oven dry) (W4) =2135.3 g

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Weight of water equal to the volume of aggregate= W3 - (W1 - W2)

=2154.5 - 1404.3
=750.2 g

1. Specific Gravity =W3/{W3-(W1-W2)} =2154.5/(2154.5 - 1404.3)

=2.872
2. Apparent Specific Gravity =W4/{W4-(W1-W2)}=2135.3/(2135.3-1404.3)
=2.846
3. Water Absorption=(W3-W4)X100/W4 = (2154.5-2135.3)X100/2135.3
=0.89%

AGGREGATE SIZE SPECIFIC GRAVITY APPARENT SP.GR WATER

(mm) ABSORPTION(%)

12.5 2.884 2.935 0.93

25 2.872 2.846 0.89

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2.(c) Bulk density and void ratio of coarse aggregate

 Objective :-
To determine the bulk density and percentage voids of coarse aggregate.
 Theory:-
Bulk density of aggregates is the mass of aggregates required to fill the
container of unit volume after aggregates are batched based on volume. It
indicates the percentage of voids present in the aggregates

 Apparatus:-

1. Balance –A balance sensitive to 0.5 percentage of the weight of the

sample to be weighed
2. Cylindrical metal measure Height-30cm, Diameter -25cm
3. Taping rod a straight metal tamping rod of cylindrical cross section
round at one end.

 Apparatus Images :-

Tamping Rod and Cylindrical metal measure

mould.

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 Procedure for compated bulk density:-

1. Take the weight of the empty vessel (W).

2. Fill the measure with aggregate sample for about one third height and
tamp evenly with 25 strokes of the rounded end of the tamping rod.
3. Add a similar quantity of aggregate as second layer and tamp it evenly
with 25 strokes.
4. Fill the vessel third layer of aggregate up to overflowing and tamp it with
25 strokes.
5. Strike of the surplus aggregate using the tamping rod as a straight edge.
6. Take the weight.

Sample calculation of compacted buik density :-

For 25mm aggregates

Diameter of metal measure = 25 cm
Height of metal measure = 30 cm
Volume of metal measure (v) = π/4*D2*H
= 0.0147 cubic meter
Weight of empty cylinder = 10.3 kg
Weight of (compacted aggregate + cylinder) = 34.1 kg
Bulk density of compacted aggregate = 1619.047 kg/ cubic meter
Sample calculation of percentage of voids :-

Percentage of voids =100*(G-R)/G = 100*(2.872-1.619)/2.87

= 43.628%
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Where, G= specific density of aggregates

R=bulk density of aggregates (kg/l)

Procedure of loose bulk density:-

1. Measure the volume of the cylindrical metal measure

2. Fill the cylindrical measure to over flowing by means of a shovel or
scoop, the aggregates being discharged from a height not exceeding
5cm above the top of the measure.
3. Level the top surface of the aggregates in the metal measure, with a
straight edge or tamping bar.
4. Determine the weight of the aggregates in the measure and record the
weight ”W” in Kg.
5. Take the weight.

Sample calculation of loose bulk density :-

For 25 mm aggregates:
Weight of empty cylinder = 10.3 kg
Weight of cylinder + aggregates (loose) = 32.1 kg
Weight of loose aggregate = 22.1 kg
Bulk density of loose coarse aggregate = 1503.401 kg/cubic meter

Sample calculation of percentage of voids :-

Percentage of voids =100*(G-R)/G = 100*(2.872-1.503)/2.872

= 47.67%
Where, G= specific density of aggregates
R=bulk density of aggregates (kg/l)

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3. MIX DESIGN
3(a). Test Performed

1. COMPRESSIVE TEST:- The cube specimens were tested on compression

testing machine. The bearing surface of machine was wiped off clean and
sand or other material are removed from the surface of the specimen. The
specimen was placed in machine in such a manner that the load is applied
to the opposite sides of the cubes as casted i.e. not top and bottom. The
axis of the specimen was carefully aligned at the center of loading frame.
The load applied was increased continuously at a constant rate until the
resistance of the specimen to the increasing load breaks down and no
longer can be sustained. The maximum load applied on specimen was
recorded.
𝑷
Fc =
𝑨

Where, P is Load and A is area

2. SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TEST:- The cylinder specimens was tested on

compression testing machine. The bearing surface of machine was wiped
off clean and looses other sand or other materials removed from the
surface of the specimen. The load applied was increased continuously at a
constant rate until the resistant of the specimen to the increasing load
breaks down and no longer can be sustained. The maximum load applied
on specimen was recorded.
2𝑃
𝐷𝐿
Where, P=load, D=diameter of cylinder, L=length of cylinder.

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3. MODULUS OF RUPTURE:- the beam specimens were tested on universal
testing machine for two- point loading to create a pure bending. The
bearing surface of machine was wiped off clean and sand or other materials
is removed from surface of the specimen. The two point bending load
applied was increased continuously at a constant rate until the specimen
break down and no longer can be sustained. The maximum load applied on
the specimen was recorded.
Where, W=load at failure
L=length of specimen (500 mm)
B=width of specimen (100 mm)
D=depth of specimen (100 mm)

4. SLUMP TEST:-The test is carried out using a metal mould in the shape of a
conical frustum known as the slump cone or abrams cone that is open at
both ends and has an attached handle. The tool typically has an internal
diameter of 4inch (100 mm) at the top and of 8inch(200 mm) at the bottom
with a height of 1feet (300 mm) . The cone is placed on a hard non-
absorbent surface. This cone is filled with fresh concrete in 3 stages. Each
time each layer is tamped 25 times. At the end of the 3rd stage, the
concrete is struck off flush with the top of the mould. The mould is carefully
lifted vertically upwards with twisting motion, so as not to disturb the
concrete cone. The concrete then subsides. This subsidents is termed as
slump, and is measured to the nearest 5mm if the slump is less than
100mm and to the nearest 10mm if the slump is greater than 100mm.

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Calculations for Mix Design:

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MATERIALS CALCULATION

 No of cubes to be casted = 6
 No of cylinders to be casted = 3
 No of prism to be casted = 3

Volume of 6 cubes = 6 × 0.15 ×0.15 ×0.15 = 0.02025m3
 𝜋
Volume of 3 cylinders = 3 × ×0.152×0.3= 0.0159m3
4

Volume of 3 prisms = 3 ×0.5 ×0.1 ×0.1 = 0.015m3

MATERIALS QUANTITY
FOR FOR CYLINDER AND TOTAL
CUBE PRISM
(KG) (KG) (KG)
CEMENT 9.58 16.34 25.92
FINE 17.5 28.11 45.61
AGGREGATE
ADMIXTURE 0.174 0.163 0.337
COARSE FRACTION 9 15.21 24.21
AGGREGATE (1)
(12.5mm)
35%
FRACTION 16.58 28.25 44.83
2
(25mm)
65%
WATER 3.64 6.21 9.85

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TEST RESULTS

 7 DAYS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CUBE (WITH ADMIXTURE) :-

SAMPLE WEIGHT LOAD x STRENGTH AVERAGE STRENGTH AS PER IS

NO (Kg) 103 (N/mm2) STRENGTH CODE
(Kg) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)
1 8.7 47 20.492
2 8.55 50 21.8 21.65 21.06
3 8.65 52 22.672

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 28 DAYS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CUBE (WITH ADMIXTURE) :-

SAMPLE WEIGHT LOAD× STRENGTH AVERAGE STRENGTH AS PER IS

NO (Kg) 103 (N/mm2) STRENGTH CODE
(Kg) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)
1 8.5 72 32
2 8.75 75 33.33 33.1 31.6
3 8.6 77 34.22

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 Conclusion :-

 From the result of 7 days cube compressive strength we can conclude that
target mean strength of M25 grade concrete for 7 days has been reached .
The individual compressive strength variation is not more than (+/-)15% of
the average compressive strength which complies with IS 456:2000 (clause
15.4).
 From the result of 28 days cube compressive strength, we can conclude
that target mean strength of M25 grade concrete for 28 days has been
reached . The individual compressive strength variation is not more than
(+/-)15% of the average compressive strength which complies with IS
456:2000 (clause 15.4).

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SPLIT TENSILE TEST RESULT:

 28 Days Flexural Strength Of Prism (With Admixture) :-

SAMPLE NO WEIGHT LOAD STRENGTH AVERAGE STRENGTH STRENGTH AS PER IS CODE

(Kg) (Kg) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)
1
2
3

 28 Days Split Tensile Strength Of Cylinder(With Admixture) :-

SAMPLE NO WEIGHT LOAD STRENTH AVERAGE STRENGTH STRENGTH AS PER IS CODE

(KG) (KG) (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)

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REFERENCES

1. IS 456:2000:- INDIAN STANDARD PLAIN AND REINFORCED CONCRETE

– CODE OF PRACTICE
2. IS 383:1970:- SPECIFICATION OF COARSE AND FINE AGGREGATES
3. IS 10262-2009:- INDIAN STANDARD CONCRETE MIX
PROPORTIONING- GUIDELINES
3. BOOK: - CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY (THEORY AND PRACTICE):
M.S.SHETTY

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