Government Engineering college

GROUP TECNOLOGY

Prepared by:
Chauhan Ravi C. (160213125007)
Chauhan Chetan A. (160213125004)
Gauswami Mohit J. (160213125013)
 Topic to be covered Suring Presentation

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Definition
4.3 Reasons for Adopting Group Technology
4.4 Benefits of Group Technology Affecting Many Areas of a
Company
4.5 Obstacles to Application of GT
 INTRODUCTION
• Group Technology is the concept, which has been
around since World War 2, and received wide
attention due to close association with cellular
manufacturing, FMS etc.
• GT is not simple the formation of machinery into
manufacturing cells, but it involves bringing together
and organizing common concepts, principles,
problems, tasks, and technologies, to improve
productivity.
• It involves continuous improvement and structured
discipline and must be a fundamental building block
of a cell or system if the real benefits of automation
are to be achieved. And it must be approached and
applied before, during and after automation.
❖ DEFINITION

• Group Technology involves grouping

components having similar attributes in order to
take advantage of their similarities in design or
manufacturing phases of production cycle.
• It is implemented through the application of
well-structured classification and coding
systems and supporting software to take
advantage of the similarities of components in
terms of design attributes and processing
sequences.
 REASONS FOR ADOPTING GROUP
TECHNOLOGY
• Growing international competition and fast changing market
demands have put considerable amount of pressure on
industries to streamline their production.
• The marketing challenges can be successfully met by GT.
Today there is a trend in the industry towards low volume
production of a wider variety of products in order to meet the
raising demands for specially ordered products.
• The concepts of markets of yearly 20th century as vanished.
The share of batch type production is growing every day and it
is accepted that 75 per cent of all manufactured parts will be in
small batch quantities.
• As a result of first factor, the conventional shop layout i.e.
types or functional layout is becoming very inefficient and
absolute because of messy routing paths of the products
between the various machined tool departments.
• Modern management concepts like business process and re-
engineering highlight the need for breaking barriers
between departments of an industry.
• GT and cellular manufacturing streamline material flow and
reduced non-value adding activities.
GT Process type Layout
Group Technology layout
• GT gives the idea that many parts have similar geometric
features, and by combining those design requirements a
common part solution can be found. Parts may be arranged or
grouped for GT technology through:
I. Design characteristics or features.
II. Manufacturing process
• For grouping parts into part families there are three methods.
They are:
1. Visual Inspection.
2. Part Classification and coding.
3. Production flow analysis.
1.Visual Inspection
• This method is the least sophisticated and least expensive
method. It involves the classification of parts into part families
by looking at either the physical parts or their photo groups
and arranging them into graphs having similar features.

2.Part Classification and Coding

• For parts to be grouped based on design characteristics and
features and manufacturing process, they must be classified
into predetermined categories and coded for retrieval and use.
Classification and coding are computerized tools used to
capture the design and manufacturing features of part.
 Development of Coding System
▪ A coding system may be based only on number or only on
alphabets, or it can also be alphanumeric.
▪ When using alphanumeric codes, each position can have 26
different alternatives but the values of alternates are only
limited to 10% when numerical codes are used.
▪ Consequently alphabets are used to widen the scope of a
coding scheme & make it more flexible.
There are basically two types of coding systems.
1. Mono codes
2. Poly codes
1.Mono codes (Hierarchical codes/Tree-structured codes):

▪ Each digit amplifies the information given in proceeding digit.

▪ These codes are short & shape oriented.
▪ Don’t directly indicate attributes of components because of their
hierarchical structure.
▪ Used for design storage & retrieval & not very useful for
manufacturing application.
2.Poly codes:

▪ Meaning of each digit is completely independent of any other

digits & provides information that can be directly recognized
from code.
▪ Generally, manufacture oriented, because its easily identifiable
attributes help to determine processing requirement of parts.
▪ Tend to be long & digit location must be reserved whether that
particular feature applies to a part or to a family of codes.
▪ A common industrial practice to use a hybrid construction
combining advantages of each of the two basic codes while
eliminating their disadvantages.
▪ In a combination type, first digit is the whole group of parts
into subgroups.
3.Production Flow Analysis
• Production flow analysis is a method in which part families are
identified and machine tools are grouped based on the analysis
of the sequence of operations for the various products
manufactured in the plant.
• Part, which may not be similar in shape but require similar
sequence of operations, are grouped together to form a family.
The resulting families are then used to design or establish
machine cells.
 BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY
AFFECTING MANY AREAS OF A COMPANY

The various benefits by functional area include:

1. Engineering Design:
▪ Design Standardization and redundancy avoidance.
▪ Rapid design retrieval.
▪ Reduce number of new similar parts and elimination of
duplicate parts.
2. Manufacturing:
▪ Reduction of part steps and associative costs and time.
▪ Improve estimation of machine tool requirements.
▪ Improve quality and communication.
3.Manufacturing Engineering:
▪ Standardization of routings.
▪ Use of common tooling and avoidance of new tooling.
▪ Reduced tools and fixtures to be used.

4. Production Control:
▪ Reduced in process inventory.
▪ Easier location of production difficulties.
▪ Improved equipment monitoring and scheduling.
5. Quality Control:
▪ Improved opportunities for controlling quality at source.
▪ time to locate part defects.
▪ Reduced sampling and inspection time.

6. Purchasing:
▪ Grouping parts for quality buys at lower cost.
▪ Establishing vendor capabilities by code to built bid lists.
 OBSTACLES TO APPLICATION OF GT

• Problems associated with rearrangement of physical

equipment.
• The Large amount of development work needed.
• Resistance to change.
 Group Technology Can:
• Enable cellular manufacturing
• Reduce engineering cost
• Accelerate product development
• Improve costing accuracy
• Simplify process planning
• Reduce tooling cost
• Simplify purchasing
Questions:-
1.Discuss a case study on the implementation of GT concept in
any textile sector with necessary sketch.(Summer-2018)
2.Discuss the reasons for adopting GT in pump manufacturing
unit.(Summer-2018)
3.Discuss a case study on the implementation of GT concept in
any automobile sector with necessary sketch.(Winter-2018)
4.Discuss the Reasons and obstacles for implementing GT in
gear manufacturing unit.(Winter-2018)
5.Obstacles for implementing GT? (SUMMER 2017)
6. Mention the reasons due to which group technology layout
turns out to be more advantageous than process type layout.
(SUMMER 2017)
Reference

• FMS by H.K.Shivanand
• Wikipedia

Thank You