Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Part 1
INTRODUCTION
Psychology Defined
BIOPSYCHOLOGY
1. Higher mental processes such as
thinking, learning and decision
making are functions of the:
a. cerebellum c. cerebrum
b. thalamus d. medulla
2. A person with difficulty enunciating
words correctly and speak in a slow,
labored way most likely have damage in:
a. Wernicke’s area
b. Broca’s area
c. primary motor area
d. prefrontal cortex
3. Which regions of the brain lead to
undereating and overeating, respectively?
SENSATION AND
PERCEPTION
Sensation
• Results when any of the sense organs are
stimulated. For a sensation to occur, there
must be receptors, which are specialized
sensitive cells that respond to stimulus.
Sensory System
SIGHT SMELL TASTE TOUCH HEARING
CONSCIOUSNESS
Consciousness
• Consciousness is the state or quality of
awareness, or, of being aware of an
external object or something within
oneself.
• It has been defined as: sentience,
awareness, the ability to experience or to
feel, wakefulness, and the executive
control system of the mind.
Altered State Of
Consciousness
• Everybody dreams
• Sometimes, people do know when they are
dreaming (lucid).
• People can control the content of their
dreams.
• Dream content, as explained by Freud, are a
disguised attempt at wish fulfillment.
Meditation
• Refers to a family of mental exercises in
which a conscious attempt is made to focus
attention in a non-analytical way.
• Stimulants
• Depressants
• Hallucinogens
Attention
• Selective attention is the process by
which we select some stimuli for further
processing while ignoring others. Selective
looking and selective listening (e.g.
cocktail party phenomenon) both
exist.
7. Aladdin, upon getting hold of the magic
lamp, asked the genie to give him the power
of precognition, meaning:
LEARNING
Learning
Learning the process of acquiring
new & lasting information or
behaviors.
We learn by association.
Classical Conditioning
• Ivan Pavlov discovered that a neutral
stimulus, when paired with a natural reflex-
producing stimulus, will begin to produce a
learned response, even when it is presented
by itself.
a. Second-order conditioning
b. Generalization
c. Discrimination
d. Sensitization
10. A pigeon is given a food pellet after
every 10 bar presses in a Skinner’s box.
What type of reinforcement is
employed?
a. aversive conditioning
b. negative conditioning
c. escape
d. avoidance
Part 6
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Principles of Growth and
Development
a. preoperational stage
b. concrete operational stage
c. formal operational stage
d. sensorimotor stage
5. Which of the following is true of the
concrete operational stage of cognitive
development by Piaget?
a. thinking is egocentric
b. becomes concerned with the hypothetical,
the future and ideological problems
c. classifies objects according to several
features
d. conservation of number not yet achieved
6. Maturation refers to:
MEMORY
Memory
Stages:
1. Encoding
2. Storage
3. Retrieval
Memory Techniques
• Although we cannot increase the capacity
of STM, we can use recording schemes to
enlarge the size of the chunk and thereby
increase the memory span.
• LTM for facts can be improved at the
encoding and retrieval stages. One way to
improve encoding and retrieval is to use
imagery, which is the basic principle
underlying mnemonic system.
Mnemonic
Forgetting
Ceasing or failing to remember or being unable
to recall past responses or memory.
Explanations of Forgetting:
1. Passive decay through disuse
2. Systematic distortions of the memory
trace
3. Interference effects
4. Motivated forgetting
13. While reading “Harry Potter and the
Sorcerer’s Stone” in class, your teacher
called on you. Although obviously
present, you do not remember anything
that was said. This is known as the:
a. chunking c. elaboration
a. stroboscopic motion
b. figure-ground constancy
c. pattern recognition
d. shape constancy
21. Figure is to ground as:
a. thunder is to lightning
b. water is to ice
c. light is to dark
d. cloud is to sky
Part 8
b. affiliation d. altruism
24. Which of the statements below illustrate the
relationship between arousal and performance?
a. James-Lange theory
b. Schracter-Singer theory
c. appraisal theory
d. facial feedback hypothesis
27. A lawyer is defending a minor charged with assault.
How would he explain his client’s aggressive behavior
using the psychoanalytic theory?
PERSONALITY THEORIES
Personality
• Refers to the distinctive and characteristic
patterns of thought, emotion, and
behaviour that define an individual’s
personal style of interacting with the
physical and social environments.
Psychoanalytic Theory
• Sigmund Freud
a. attitude c. schema
b. coping mechanism d. personality
31. An anxious person who seeks to
return to the womb is fixated in
which stage?
a. oral c. phallic
b. anal d. genital
32. Saying “I’m sad you’re well”
instead of “I’m glad you’re well” is an
example of:
a. Freudian slip
b. Stupidity
c. shadow error
d. cognitive misappraisal
33. Leonardo da Vinci’s interest in
painting Madonna was an expression of
a longing for intimacy with his mother
from whom he had been separated at a
tender age, this illustrates:
a. externalization
b. Sublimation
c. reaction formation
d. anticipation
34. When you are hungry, you
conjure mental images of food. This
wish-fulfilling process is a function of
your…
a. id c. superego
b. ego d. libido
35. Albert Einstein, Martin Luther King, Jr.
and Eleanor Roosevelt satisfy Maslow’s
criteria for self-actualizers. This means that
they:
a. reactive interaction
b. evocative interaction
c. proactive interaction
d. none of the above
Part 10
MENTAL DISORDERS
37. Richard Gere in the film “Mr.
Jones” has bipolar disorder. This
means that he has altering states of:
a. mania and anxiety
b. anxiety and depression
c. mania and depression
d. none of the above
38. Schizophrenia is:
a. the same as multiple personality
disorder
b. characterized by enlarged and
more active prefrontal cortex and
smaller ventricles
c. due to difficult environment alone
d. characterized by lack of insight
39. True of systematic desensitization:
a. borderline c. histrionic
b. schizotypal d. antisocial
44. Jim, a lawyer, is often teased by his
friends for his type A personality. This means
that Jim:
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
45. Arousal strengthens dominant
responses. This is referred to as social
facilitation. What accounts for this
arousal?
a. evaluation apprehension
b. driven by distraction
c. mere presence of others
d. all of the above
46. Beer advertisements that associate
beautiful women, strength and intelligence
with their products make use of:
a. awareness of vulnerability
b. collective unconscious
c. non-censorship
d. presence of mindguards
49. Experiments show that these
techniques increase helping
behavior:
a. foot-in-the-door technique
b. door-in-the-face technique
c. low-ball technique
d. all of the above
50. In difficult times, when budgets are
slashed and taxes are high, homeless women
with small children are often target of
hostility because they are perceived as
responsible for their situation and as a drain
on scarce social resources. This is known as:
a. scapegoating
b. realistic group conflict
c. ethnocentrism
d. discrimination