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Abstract
This paper illustrates the numerous advancements
that have been made in quenching over the past several
years, bringing quenching from a black art to an
advanced science. A review of the mechanism of
quenching, and the causes of distortion and residual
stresses will be discussed. In addition, advances in
quenching, such as new oil and polymer quenchants,
alternative quench methods (gas quenching, induction
hardening) will be discussed. New advances in
modeling quenchant flow using computational fluid
dynamics and modeling distortion, as function of
quenchants and heat transfer will also be discussed.
Introduction
Regardless of the product, it is likely that it is heat-
treated and quenched. Engine components are heat
treated for wear and durability (Figure 1). Aircraft
components are heat treated for strength and fracture
toughness (Figure 2). Even bicycle frames are heat-
treated for strength, lightness and durability. To meet
these needs, it is necessary to expand the knowledge of
heat treating and quenching to consistently produce a
quality product, capable of being manufactured in a cost-
effective manner.