MANUAL HANDLING

OBJECTIVE
At the end of this topic students be able to :
• State manual operation definition (manual
handling)
• List at least 4 accidents which can happen during
manual operation
• State 4 factors which influenced manual
operation
• Discuss security steps before and during manual
operation
 SCOPE
• Definition
• Legislation requirement
• Current type of injury operation
• Factor should be taken into consideration
• Operation strategy and technique
• Safety measure before and during operation
• Conclusion
 MANUAL HANDLING
• Definition:

“Is any lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling,

moving, shifting, holding or supporting a
load that is done manually"
 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA
1994)
• General duty of employers and self-employed:
• To make arrangements for ensuring, so far as
practicable, safety and absence of risks to health
in connection with the use of operation,
handling, storage and transport of plant and
substances. (Section 15 (2)(b))
 LEGISLATION REQUIREMENT
Factory and Machinery Act 1967
• Section 12
• “No person shall be employed to lift, carry or
move any load so heavy as to be likely to cause
bodily injury to him."
 MANUAL HANDLING
Accident during manual handling
• Release of the load being held
• Crushed by load being put down
• Falling together with the load being
handled
• Contact with sharp surfaces of the load
 MANUAL HANDLING
Type of injury :
(1) External body
• Wounds
• Scratches
• Cuts and tears
 MANUAL HANDLING

Type of injury :
(2) Internal Body
– Torn ligament and muscle
– Damage to joints on knees, ankle-bones,
shoulders, arms
– Slipped disc
– Hernia
– Rheumatic
 MANUAL HANDLING
• Factors need to be considered:
• Size of the load
• Physical condition of the load
• Physical shape of the load
• Weight of the load
• Level of firmness of the load
• External surface load
• Position of the load
 MANUAL HANDLING
Factor should be taken into consideration:
• State of floor’s surface
• Working space in head portion (head
room)
• Environmental temperature
• Lighting
• Physical property
 FACTOR NEED TO BE
CONSIDERED
• 1) Size of the load:
• Either large or small
• For Example:
• 50 kg cement
• 50 kg cotton
• Having same weight but different-size.
 FACTOR NEED TO BE
CONSIDERED
2) Physical condition of the load:
• Liquid
• Solid
• Gas
 FACTOR NEED TO BE
CONSIDERED
3) Physical shape of the load:
• example
• Round
• Triangle
• Oval
• Flat
• Tall
• Burden must lift equally
 FACTOR NEED TO BE
CONSIDERED
4) Weight of the load:
• Must determined prior to carry it
• Purpose:
• To determine
• Method of handling
• Capability of the handler
 FACTOR NEED TO BE
CONSIDERED
5)Level of firmness of the load:
• Possibility changing shape when
carrying
• It can cause difficulties to the
handler when holding and gripping
it
 FACTOR NEED TO BE
CONSIDERED
6) External surface of the load:
• Rough
• Smooth
For Example:
• Plastic bag, gunny or paper, can metal
packaging
 FACTOR NEED TO BE
CONSIDERED
7) Position of the load:
• Burden position want to lift
• Whether it is below (on the work floor);
• Above head level (on a rack)
 FACTOR NEED TO BE
CONSIDERED
8) Condition of the floor surface
• Smooth
• Soft
• Rugged
• (Balancing in manual handling is
dependent on the stability of the floor
surface).
 FACTOR NEED TO BE
CONSIDERED
9) Sufficient head room:
• A majority of work involves limited head
room
• Head room must be sufficient for worker to
perform their work safely, without the need
to avoid obstacles/ objects in their way.
 FACTOR NEED TO BE
CONSIDERED
10) Ambient Temperature:
• Can influence the style and speed of
movement of the worker.
• Cold –worker may feel muscular strain
• Hot – worker may lose excessive fluids
from their body due to perspiration
 FACTOR NEED TO BE
CONSIDERED
11) Sufficient Lighting
Dark working environment can cause
accidents as workers may not be able to
properly see the access paths and
identify any obstructions on the work
floor.
 FACTOR NEED TO BE
CONSIDERED
12) Worker physical and mental fitness
• Physical capacity
• Age
• Level Of Fitness
 FACTOR NEED TO BE
CONSIDERED
13) Lifting Equipment:
• Lifting equipment are those that are used
to assist manual handling activities such
as trolleys, pulleys
• The equipment must be of suitable design
and must properly maintained.
 FACTOR NEED TO BE
CONSIDERED
14) Worker clothing:
• Suitable for the work
• Comfortable
• Protect worker from hazards of handling.
This includes personal protective
equipment (PPE)
 MANUAL HANDLING
STRATEGY
• Identify the load / material that needs to be
handled
• Identify the destination of the load / material that
needs to be handled
• Assess the risks that may be faced
• Select the most appropriate handling method
• Make safety arrangement before beginning the
activity
• Monitor the activity that is being performed
 OPERATION TECHNIQUE
(1) Diagram PM1
• Bag handling
• Hold from below
(2) Diagram PM2
(3) Diagram PM3
DIAGRAM PM1
DIAGRAM PM2
DIAGRAM PM3
SAFETY MEASURE BEFORE
HANDLING
• Examine whether the weight of the load
can be shifted
• Modify the shape of large loads for
easier gripping
• Modify the arrangement of workplaces
and works stations
• Example: Providing a work surface that
is appropriate to the working height
 SAFETY MEASURE BEFORE
HANDLING
• Find the best method to handle the load- push,
pull etc
• Study the lifting technique- use the appropriate
posture movements and lifting capability
• Modify work method by using assisting tools (for
example wedge (wedge), hook or crowbar (crow
bars))
• Provide training related to the work at hand to
the workers involved- Safe Operating
Procedures (SOP), safe work systems,
reporting, handling and etc
 SAFETY MEASURE DURING
HANDLING
• Use the correct methods and techniques
• Ensure that the work plan is followed
• Continuously monitor the techniques and
procedures being practiced
 CONCLUSION
Manual handling can cause injury to the worker
and may affect their health.
• There are manual handling safety regulation
under OSHA 1994 and FMA 1967
• Manual handling, should considered several
factors such as weight, shape, size and etc
• This factors must followed by safety
measures before and during the course of
the implementation of the works.