Petroleum History

 Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations

beneath the earth's surface.
 Petroleum is commonly refined into various types of fuels using a technique called fractional
distillation.
 Separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point by means of distillation,
typically using a fractionating column.
 Petroleum is formed when large quantities of dead organisms are buried underneath
sedimentary rock and subjected to both intense heat and pressure.
 The hypothetical point in time when the global production of oil reaches its maximum rate,
after which production will gradually decline is called as Peak Oil.
 When Colonel Edwin Drake drilled the first successful oil well in Titusville, Pennsylvania in
1859
 OPEC stands for Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
 OPEC was founded in September 1960 (Baghdad) and its headquarter is in Vienna, Austria.
 Secretary general of OPEC is Mohammed Barkindo (Nigeria).
 Currently OPEC has 15 members.
 API American Petroleum Institute a trade association and standards organization that
represents the interests of the oil and gas industry. It offers publications regarding standards,
recommended practices and other industry related information.
 IADC (International Association of Drilling Contractors)a trade association that represents the
interests of members of the drilling segment of the oil and gas industry. It offers publications
regarding recommended industry practices and training materials.
 IWCF International Well Control Forum
 TVD (True Vertical Depth)
 MD (Measured Depth)
 Aabandon to temporarily or permanently cease production from a well or to cease further
drilling operations.
 Accumulator is the storage device for nitrogen pressurized hydraulic fluid, which is used in
operating the blowout preventers.
 Aeration is the introduction of air or gas into a liquid.
 Artificial lift is any method used to raise oil to the surface after a well ceases to flow.
 Barrel (bbl) a measure of volume for petroleum products. One barrel is the equivalent of 42
U.S.gallons or 0.15899 cubic meters (9,702 cubic inches).