The World Before

the Great Flood

by

Dr. Dieter Thom

 2

Contents

Introduction

Atheists and their Problems

When Does Human Life Start?

Creation Chronology in the Ancient Jewish Texts: Genesis and Jubilees

The Location of the Garden of Eden

The Descendants of Adam

The Indus Valley Civillization

The Location of the Island of Atlantis

The World According to Plato: Atlantis, Athens and Egypt

The Giants of Egypt

The Sea People

The Great Flood

Bibliography
 3

Introduction

“History is just about a bunch of dead people”. This is a very common attitude that many
people have about the past. “Those who remain ignorant of the past are doomed to repeat its
failures” is a much better expression. The study of history is interesting, but the study of
ancient history is fascinating. The problem with ancient history, however, is that it is, well,
ancient. The remaining record of the ancient world has been obscured by time and
degradation. Furthermore, ancient events indicate a current conspiracy seeking to cover up
certain facts, which will be presented in this book.

Many modern scholars sneer at the concept of the Great Flood, but history overwhelmingly
documents this global phenomenon. Every ancient culture has some stories of a Great Flood
that covered the whole world, but had a handful of survivors in a large boat. This book is not
going to cover this part of history, it is going to correctly assume that it did happen. What this
book is going to cover is the time from creation to the Great Flood.

In the past century there have been two major discoveries of ancient religious texts that have
revolutionized the view that scholars have about them: The Nag Hammadi library and the
Dead Sea Scrolls. The former has caused a lot of media hype, but the latter is more
significant for Biblical scholars. Two of the texts, 1 Enoch and the Book of Jubilees are
particularly significant. The Christian community needs to acknowledge their significance.
The Nag Hammdai library is a collection of Gnostic texts that were found in the town of Nag
in upper Egypt. A local farmer found a sealed jar with 13 leather-bound papyrus codices
comprising 52 Gnostic writings and other works. These texts date back to the 4th century CE,
and were possibly buried by monks from the nearby Pachomian monastery as a result of
Athanasius forbidding the use of non-canonical books in his Festal Letter of 367 CE. The
texts were written in Coptic and significantly contained the only complete copy of the Gospel
of Thomas in existence. The Gospel of Thomas in the Nag Hammadi library has caused a lot
of fuss over the past few decades in the media.

The Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS) are a collection of nearly a thousand different manuscripts
discovered after World War 2 in 12 caves in the Qumran area of the eastern Judean desert
near the Dead Sea and further afield. Scholars have dated the manuscripts from the 8th
century BCE to the 11th century CE and link them to the Jewish sect of the Essenes that had
their communities in this area, as well as other groups. Most were written on parchment,
some on papyrus and one on copper.

Most of the manuscripts are written in Hebrew, some Aramaic and a few other ancient
dialects and languages. 40% are traditional Hebrew Scriptures, 30% are so-called apocrypha
and pseudepigrapha, and 30% are various sectarian writings. The count of manuscripts
includes: Psalms (39), Deuteronomy (33), Genesis (24), Isaiah (22), Exodus (18), Leviticus
(17), Numbers (11), Minor Prophets (10), and Daniel (8). In addition were Jeremiah, Ezekiel
and Job (6), as well as 1&2 Kings, 1&2 Samuel, Ruth, Song of Songs, Lamentations and
Judges (4). Joshua and Ecclesiates were also there (2). The Apocrypha were present with
Tobit (5) and Sirach (3).

The Book of 1 Enoch and the Book of Jubilees are the most significant texts in the DSS for a
number of reasons. 1 Enoch came in third overall with 25 manuscripts and Jubilees sixth
overall with 21 manuscripts. These books have been on the fringes of the Christian
 4

community for a long time, but have not been widely accepted as Scripture. It is time that the
Christian community acknowledges their significance.

The Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Jews and Christians accept both books as Scripture.
They claim that Solomon sent manuscripts to their region with the conversion of the Queen
of Sheba around 1000BCE. Many Jewish writings throughout the centuries and the early
Church Fathers of the first few centuries CE refer to these texts as Scripture. Many passages
in the Protestant canon quote or paraphrase many verses from these books.
However, most Jews and Christians have feared that they would lead to the worship of
angels, so they have excluded them from their canons. In addition, the Messianic element in
them that points to Jesus being the Messiah prompted the Rabbinic Jews to reject them
outright by the time that the Masoretic text was settled around 1000AD. Athanasius banned
them on punishment of death and they were systematically destroyed from the 4th century CE
onwards. Only the Ethiopians refused to give them up.

The Jewish books of 1 Enoch, Jubilees and Genesis are the only substantial remaining
accounts of the pre-flood (ante-deluvian) world. Copies of all three documents were found
amongst the Dead Sea Scrolls in the 20th century, and date back before the time of Christ.
These are the oldest surviving Jewish and Christian documents in existence. They were
accepted by certain Jewish groups throughout the ages and preserved in full for posterity by
Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodx Jews and Christians. Most modern scholars write them off as
forgeries, but an open examination of their contents reveals some amazing things. I invite you
to read through these three documents to see what they say about the pre-flood world.

We will also consider some important ‘secular’ documents of ancient history. Plato’s
Dialogues (The Dialogues of Timaeus and Critias) contain some fascinating material that has
been largely ignored by modern scholarship as ‘myth’. It is important to distinguish between
fact and fiction in Plato’s writing, and he does this quite well, despite what many modern
scholars claim.

All this will lead us to consider the Kingdoms of Atlantis, Athens, Sumeria, Egypt and the
Indus Valley, as ancient civilizations built by fallen angels, giants and demons in their
attempt to dominate mankind and bring them into subjection or destroy them. Welcome to a
fascinating journey that represents nearly half a century of independent research in which I
have drawn from the latest in modern scholarship, but refused to be bound by its constraints.
My conclusions are unorthodox, at worst, but based on all the evidence that I have been able
to find. I have allowed my mind to consider all the evidence possible, even in the darkest
crevices of so-called pseudo-science, and present my conclusions without fear of academic
political correctness. Some of my conclusions will startle you, some of them may even
unsettle you, but all of them will challenge you. Feel free to disagree with me and let me
know why you think I am wrong.

I have written a separate study guide on the Book of 1 Enoch, so I will not include much
detailed material from that book here. I will start this book by presenting a simple argument
for believing in the existence of God. This is obviously fundamental for what is to come in
the rest of the book.
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Atheists and their Problems

Atheists are people who believe that God does not exist. Theists are people who believe that
God does exist. One of the problems that atheists accuse theists of having is that of the origin
of God. They ask the question: Who made God? Theists answer very simply that God has
always existed. End of argument. Atheists, however, are not satisfied with this answer. They
say that the question of the origin of God is still a problem. Theists do not see this as a
problem. In reality, atheists are left with many more rational problems.

The first problem is the origin of the universe. If God did not create it, then where does it
come from? If nothing originally existed, how did something happen? If something always
existed, where did it come from? This problem of atheists is essentially the same that they
accuse theists of having. Theists, however, do have an answer, but it is one that atheists do
not like. I am sorry for them. This first problem, then, is the same problem that both atheists
and theists face.

The second problem is the complexity of the universe. If God did not create it, then where
does it come from? Here the theist has no problem, because he has already answered this
question in the first problem. In the second problem, the atheist has an even more difficult
task in explaining the answer. If God did not create the complexity of the universe, what
guided the grand design that we see in it? Random events over millions of years are simply
not a rational explanation.

When we see a painting hanging on a wall, we do not question whether the painter exists. No
matter how abstract the painting or how simple it is, nobody can rationally deny that the
painter exists. Our complex universe is far more intricate than any painting could ever be, so
how can we deny the existence of its creator? Look at the creation around you. How can you
deny that a Creator exists? It is far easier and more rational to simply accept the existence of
a creator.

Atheists accuse theists of having the problem of explaining the origin of God. Theists reply
that they have no problem, but that atheists simply refuse to accept the obvious. God has
always existed. The fact is that atheists are the ones with all the problems, as they cannot
rationally explain the origin and complexity of the universe apart from God. Random events
cannot rationally explain the origin and composition of complex matter. Atheists are the ones
with the problems.

Before we continue, there is one more issue that I would like to consider before we dive into
the Dead Sea Scrolls. When does human life begin?
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When Does Human Life Start?

There is a big debate about when human life actually starts. Pro-lifers and ancient Chinese
philosophy insist that it starts at conception, when the sperm and egg unite. The traditional
Chinese actually start their ages at conception. Pro-abortionists and atheists insist that it starts
at birth, allowing them to abort babies with a clear conscience. One simple fact shows that
neither of groups is correct. So when does human life start?

Let us begin at the end, at the point of death. What happens at the point of death? Everyone
agrees that the distinctive sign of death is the stopping of the beating human heart. It is true,
that somebody can be revived after their heart has stopped, but while their heart is stopped,
they are still dead. The converse must then be true. If life ends when the heart stops beating,
then life must begin when the heart starts beating. This is around 2 - 3 weeks after
conception.

Everyone agrees that a single sperm or egg is not a human life. Can the merging of a sperm
and an egg be called human life? The fertilised egg is just as much a human life as a dead
corpse. It has the potential for life, but needs a beating heart to pump life-giving nutrients to
the human body. Everyone agrees that from the point of death to the complete decomposition
of the body there is no life. Can we agree that from the point of conception to the point that
the heart starts beating there is not yet human life?

The logic of this view cannot be denied. Yet some people will choose not to believe it. Pro-
abortionists do not want to face the fact that they are murdering babies. They would prefer to
believe that it is simply a lifeless foetus that they are terminating. Yet, the fact remains, they
are stopping a beating heart. This is ending life as we know it. Their guilt remains, regardless
of whether they want to acknowledge it.

Pro-lifers similarly will not be able to accept it. They would argue that this belief would give
people justification to terminate pregnancies in the first two weeks with a clear conscience.
Actually, medical experts tell us that most pregnancies are naturally terminated within the
first two weeks. Spontaneous abortions are the most common form of abortion. There are
many reasons for this but essentially the woman's body does not allow the fertilised egg to
‘take’. In most cases this is a blessing, as the resultant baby would probably be deformed in
some significant way.

Does this mean that I advocate abortions in the first two to three weeks? No. Prevention is
always better than cure, so advocate for the appropriate responsible birth control. However,
should birth control methods fail (and they regularly do) then an abortion within the first two
to three weeks would not stop a heart, but simply remove the dead body from the
environment that would give it life.

Neither am I advocating irresponsible sex. I simply want to establish an ethical, biological

and legal framework for allowing abortions in the first two to three weeks after conception. I
have no doubt that this is a realistic balance.
 7

The advantages of this view of manifold.

1. Women who are raped can have an abortion with a clear conscience.
2. Cases of incest can be resolved with less pain.
3. Mistakes in teenage years need not destroy the rest of a woman's life.
4. Drunken conception need not lead to faetal alcohol syndrome.
5. Children do not need to grow up not knowing who their father is.
6. Women can take control of their bodies without infringing on the rights of other
living human beings (their babies).

Obviously this view can also be abused.

1. Women can use the ‘morning after’ pill as a lazy means of birth control.
2. Teenagers can more easily engage in irresponsible sexual behaviours without taking
seriously the consequences of their actions.

Clearly, however, the advantages of this view outweigh the abuses significantly.

However, considering this view from a theistic respective is a little more difficult. Most
theists argue for life beginning at conception, but this is more an emotional than a theological
argument. There is no Scripture in any religion that would provide a difficulty for this view.
Theists would like to believe that God is in control of your life from birth to death. There is
no problem here. Your life began when your heart started beating and it'll end when it stops
beating. God can still be in control of your life from beginning to end.

Of course, atheists and abortionists hate this view even more. It means that it restricts a
woman's rights over her body once another life is formed inside it. But this is the only
humane solution to the abortion issue. No woman has the right to murder another human
being. The two weeks before the heart starts beating gives her enough time to responsibly
make this decision. Beyond that she has no excuse.

Do we have the right, you may argue, to remove the potential for life? This is a similar
argument used by those who are opposed to birth control in all its forms. This falls beyond
the scope of this paper. One could also argue that someone whose heart has stopped, but
whose brain is being kept alive, falls in the same category. The point is that they have already
been alive and could, by some miracle, have life restored. The fertilized egg has never had
life and is statistically unlikely to ever have it.

Life ends when the heart stops beating. A human can be kept alive and not be brain-dead, but
this is not really life. Life starts when the heart starts beating. This is around two weeks after
conception, and is a grace period that the modern woman is blessed to be able to use, not
abuse.

Now, let us consider what the Dead Sea Scrolls tell us about what happened in the week of
creation.
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A Comparison of the Ancient Jewish Texts of the World Before the Great Flood
Jubilees 2 (Hermeneia) Genesis 1 (CSB) Other Texts/Commentary
Introduction to the Creation Week
On the Lord’s orders the In the beginning God created “Blessed are you, O Lord,
angel of the presence said to the heavens and the earth. King, great and mighty in
Moses: “Write all the words Now the earth was formless your majesty, Lord of all the
about the creation—how in and empty, darkness covered creation of the heaven, King
six days the Lord God the surface of the watery of kings and God of all
completed all his works, depths, and the Spirit of God eternity. Your power and
everything that he had was hovering over the your reign and your majesty
created, and kept sabbath on surface of the waters. abide forever and forever and
the seventh day. He (Gen. 1:1&2, CSB) ever, and to all generations,
sanctified it for all ages and your dominion. All the
set it as a sign for all his heavens are your throne
works. (Jub. 2:1, Herm.) forever, and all the earth is
your footstool forever and
In all their suffering, he forever and ever. 3 For you
suffered, and the angel of his have made and you rule all
presence saved them. He things, and nothing is too
redeemed them because of difficult for you; Wisdom
his love and compassion; he does not escape you, and it
lifted them up and carried does not turn away from your
them all the days of the past. throne, nor from your
(Is. 63:9, CSB) presence. You know and see
and hear all things, and there
is nothing that is hidden
from you.
(1 Enoch 84:2, Herm.)
The Age of the Universe

God created everything instantaneously from nothing with innate age. Humans, elephants and
Redwoods were at least old enough to procreate, which is around 13 years old, if not older, as
they can reach thousands of years. Rocks, minerals and stars could have been dated as being
millions of years old, as the light from stars takes that long to reach the earth.

“Ah LORD GOD! It is you who made the heavens and the earth by your great power and
by your outstretched arm! Nothing is too hard for you.” (Jer. 32:17)

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Day 1
Jubilees 2 (Hermeneia) Genesis 1 (CSB) Other Texts/Commentary
For on the first day he Then God said, “Let there be The Seven Spirits of God:
created the heavens that are light,” and there was light. “John to the seven churches
above, the earth, the waters, God saw that the light was that are in Asia: Grace to you
and all the spirits who serve good, and God separated the and peace from him who is
before him, namely: the light from the darkness. God and who was and who is to
angels of the presence; the called the light “day,” and come, and from the seven
angels of holiness; the angels the darkness he called spirits who are before his
of the spirits of fire; the “night.” There was an throne, and from Jesus
angels of the spirits of the evening, and there was a Christ, the faithful witness,
winds; the angels of the morning: one day. the firstborn of the dead, and
spirits of the clouds, of (Gen. 1:3-5) the ruler of the kings of the
darkness, snow, hail, and earth.” (Rev. 1:4&5)
frost; the angels of the “And to the angel of the
sounds, the thunders, and church in Sardis write: These
the lightnings; and the are the words of him who has
angels of the spirits of cold the seven spirits of God and
and heat, of winter, spring, the seven stars…” (Rev. 3:1)
autumn, and summer, and “Coming from the throne are
of all the spirits of his flashes of lightning, and
creatures which are in the rumblings and peals of
heavens, on earth, and in thunder, and in front of the
every (place). [There were throne burn seven flaming
also] the depths, darkness torches, which are the seven
and light, dawn and evening, spirits of God…” (Rev. 4:5)
which he prepared through “Then I saw between the
the knowledge of his mind. throne and the four living
Then we saw his works and creatures and among the
blessed him. We offered elders a Lamb standing as if
praise before him regarding it had been slaughtered,
all his works because he had having seven horns and
made seven great works on seven eyes, which are the
the first day. (Jub. 2:2&3) seven spirits of God sent out
into all the earth.” (Rev. 5:6)
God created light, the seven angels (the seven spirits of God), and the earth, with the other
inanimate elements of water, wind and fire on it. The earth was already rotating on its axis, as
there was day and night. At that point there were no stars, sun or moon yet. The first light
emanated directly from God, as it will be in eternity.

The city does not need the sun or the moon to shine on it, because the glory of God
illuminates it, and its lamp is the Lamb. The nations will walk by its light, and the kings of
the earth will bring their glory into it. Its gates will never close by day because it will never
be night there. (Rev. 21:23-25, CSB)

“And there will be no more night; they need no light of lamp or sun, for the LORD God will
be their light, and they will reign forever and ever.” (Rev. 22:5)


Jubilees 2 (Hermeneia)
2:4 On the second day he
made a firmament between
the waters, and the waters
were divided on that day.
Half of them went up above
and half of them went down
below the firmament (which
was) in the middle above the
surface of the whole earth.
This was the only work that
he made on the second day.
2:5 On the third day he did as
he said to the waters that they
should pass from the surface
of the whole earth to one
place and that the dry land
should appear. 2:6 The
waters did so, as he told
them. They withdrew from
the surface of the earth to one
place apart from this
firmament, and dry land
appeared. 2:7 On that day he
created for them: all the seas
each with the places where
they collected; all the rivers,
and the places where the
waters collected in the
mountains and on the whole
earth; all the reservoirs, all
the dew of the earth; the seed
that is sown—with each of its
kinds; all that sprouts, the
fruit trees, the forests, and the
garden of Eden (which is) in
Eden for enjoyment and for
food. These four great types
he made on the third day.
10
Day 2
Genesis 1 (CSB) Other Texts/Commentary
6 Then God said, “Let there He separated the water in the
be an expanse between the sky (clouds) from the water
waters, separating water from on the earth (oceans and
water.” 7 So God made the rivers), thus establishing the
expanse and separated the water cycle to ensure a fresh
water under the expanse from water supply for the coming
the water above the expanse. plants and animals.
And it was so. 8 God called
the expanse “sky.” Evening
came and then morning: the
second day.
Day 3
9 Then God said, “Let the He brought about dry land
water under the sky be and created the plants that
gathered into one place, and grow on it. Specifically, he
let the dry land appear.” And also created the Garden of
it was so. 10 God called the Eden as the very special
dry land “earth,” and the place that He would put
gathering of the water he humans. The modern day
called “seas.” And God saw location of Eden is revealed
that it was good. 11 Then in a later chapter.
God said, “Let the earth
produce vegetation: seed-
bearing plants and fruit trees
on the earth bearing fruit
with seed in it according to
their kinds.” And it was so.
12 The earth produced
vegetation: seed-bearing
plants according to their
kinds and trees bearing fruit
with seed in it according to
their kinds. And God saw
that it was good. 13 Evening
came and then morning: the
third day.

Jubilees 2 (Hermeneia)
2:8 On the fourth day the
Lord made the sun, the
moon, and the stars. He
placed them in the heavenly
firmament to shine on the
whole earth, to rule over day
and night, and to separate
between light and darkness.
2:9 The Lord appointed the
sun as a great sign above the
earth for days, sabbaths,
months, festivals, years,
sabbaths of years, jubilees,
and all times of the years.
2:10 It separates between
light and darkness and
(serves) for wellbeing so that
everything that sprouts and
grows on the earth may
prosper. These three types
he made on the fourth day.
2:11 On the fifth day he
created the great sea
monsters within the watery
depths, for these were the
first animate beings made by
his hands; all the fish that
move about in the waters, all
flying birds, and all their
kinds. 2:12 The sun shone
over them for (their)
wellbeing and over
everything that was on the
earth—all that sprouts from
the ground, all fruit trees, and
all animate beings. These
three kinds he made on the
fifth day.
11
Day 4
Genesis 1 (CSB) Other Texts/Commentary
14 Then God said, “Let there He created the sun, moon and
be lights in the expanse of stars. These would provide
the sky to separate the day photosynthesis for the plants
from the night. They will he created, and light to the
serve as signs for seasons and animals he would create.
for days and years. 15 They
will be lights in the expanse
of the sky to provide light on
the earth.” And it was so. 16
God made the two great
lights   —   the greater light
to rule over the day and the
lesser light to rule over the
night   —   as well as the
stars. 17 God placed them in
the expanse of the sky to
provide light on the earth, 18
to rule the day and the night,
and to separate light from
darkness. And God saw that
it was good. 19 Evening
came and then morning: the
fourth day.
Day 5
1:20 Then God said, “Let the He created the sea and flying
water swarm with living creatures.
creatures, and let birds fly
above the earth across the
expanse of the sky.” 21 So
God created the large sea-
creatures and every living
creature that moves and
swarms in the water,
according to their kinds. He
also created every winged
creature according to its kind.
And God saw that it was
good. 22 God blessed them:
“Be fruitful, multiply, and fill
the waters of the seas, and let
the birds multiply on the
earth.” 23 Evening came and
then morning: the fifth day.

Jubilees 2 (Hermeneia)
2:13 On the sixth day he made
all the land animals, all cattle,
and everything that moves
about on the earth. 2:14 After
all this, he made mankind—as
one man and a woman he
made them. He made him rule
everything on earth and in the
seas and over flying creatures,
animals, cattle, everything that
moves about on the earth, and
the entire earth. Over all these
he made him rule. These four
kinds he made on the sixth
day. 2:15 The total was 22
kinds. 2:16 He finished all his
works on the sixth day:
everything in heaven, on the
earth, in the seas, in the
depths, in the light, in the
darkness, and in every place.
12
Day 6
Genesis 1 (CSB) Other Texts/Commentary
1:24 Then God said, “Let the He created the land creatures,
earth produce living creatures including man.
according to their kinds: live-
stock, creatures that crawl, and
the wildlife of the earth
according to their kinds.” And
it was so. 25 So God made the
wildlife of the earth according
to their kinds, the livestock
according to their kinds, and
all the creatures that crawl on
the ground according to their
kinds. And God saw that it
was good. 26 Then God said,
“Let us make man in our
image, according to our
likeness. They will rule the
fish of the sea, the birds of the
sky, the live- stock, the whole
earth, and the creatures that
crawl on the earth.” 27 So God
created man in his own image;
he created him in the image of
God; he created them male
and female. 28 God blessed
them, and God said to them,
“Be fruitful, multiply, fill the
earth, and subdue it. Rule the
fish of the sea, the birds of the
sky, and every creature that
crawls on the earth.” 29 God
also said, “Look, I have given
you every seed-bearing plant
on the surface of the entire
earth and every tree whose
fruit contains seed. This will
be food for you, 30 for all the
wildlife of the earth, for every
bird of the sky, and for every
creature that crawls on the
earth   (everything having the
breath of life in it) I have
given every green plant for
food.” And it was so. 31 God
saw all that he had made, and
it was very good indeed.
Evening came and then
morning: the sixth day.

Jubilees 2 (Hermeneia)
2:17 He gave us the sabbath day as
a great sign so that we should
perform work for six days and that
we should keep sabbath from all
work on the seventh day. 2:18 He
told us—all the angels of the
presence and all the angels of
holiness (these two great kinds)—
to keep sabbath with him in heaven
and on earth. 2:19 He said to us: ‘I
will now separate a people for
myself from among my nations.
They, too, will keep sabbath. I will
sanctify the people for myself and
will bless them as I sanctified the
sabbath day. I will sanctify them
for myself; in this way I will bless
them. They will become my
people and I will become their
God. 2:20 I have chosen the
descendants of Jacob among all of
those whom I have seen. I have
recorded them as my first-born son
and have sanctified them for
myself throughout the ages of
eternity. I will tell them about the
sabbath days so that they may keep
sabbath from all work on them’.
2:21 In this way he made a sign on
it by which they, too, would keep
sabbath with us on the seventh day
to eat, drink, and bless the creator
of all as he had blessed them and
sanctified them for himself as a
noteworthy people out of all the
nations; and to keep sabbath
together with us. 2:22 He made his
commands rise as a fine fragrance,
which is acceptable in his presence
for all times. 2:23 There were 22
leaders of humanity from Adam
until him; and 22 kinds of works
were made until the seventh day.
The latter is blessed and holy and
the former, too, is blessed and holy.
The one with the other served (the
purposes of) holiness and blessing.
2:24 It was granted to these that for
all times they should be the blessed
and holy ones of the testimony and
of the first law, as it was sanctified
and blessed on the seventh day.
2:25 He created the heavens, the
earth, and everything that was
created in six days. The Lord gave
a holy festal day to all his creation.
For this reason he gave orders
regarding it that anyone who would
Day 7 The Sabbath
Genesis 2 (CSB)
2:2 So the heavens and the earth
and everything in them were
completed. 2 On the seventh day
God had completed his work that
he had done, and he rested on the
seventh day from all his work that
he had done. 3 God blessed the
seventh day and declared it holy,
for on it he rested from all his work
of creation.
13
Other Texts/Commentary
The New Covenant Sabbath
The word ‘sabbath’ means ‘rest’.
Therefore, while the promise of
entering his rest is still open, let
us take care that none of you
should seem to have failed to reach
it. For indeed the good news came
to us just as to them; but the
message they heard did not benefit
them, because they were not united
by faith with those who listened.
For we who have believed enter
that rest, just as God has said, “As
in my anger I swore, ‘They shall
not enter my rest,’” though his
works were finished at the
foundation of the world. For in one
place it speaks about the seventh
day as follows, “And God rested on
the seventh day from all his
works.” And again in this place it
says, “They shall not enter my
rest.” Since therefore it remains
open for some to enter it, and those
who formerly received the good
news failed to enter because of
disobedience, again he sets a
certain day - “today” - saying
through David much later, in the
words already quoted, “Today, if
you hear his voice, do not harden
your hearts.” “For if Joshua had
given them rest, God would not
speak later about another day. So
then, a sabbath rest still remains for
the people of God; for those who
enter God’s rest also cease from
their labors as God did from his.
Let us therefore make every effort
to enter that rest, so that no one
may fall through such disobedience
as theirs. (Hebrews 4:1-11)
We keep God’s Sabbath when we
believe. We enter His rest from our
works towards salvation. We
cannot please God enough to be
saved by our own works.
“Therefore do not let anyone
condemn you in matters of food
and drink or of observing festivals,
new moons, or sabbaths. These are
only a shadow of what is to come,
but the substance belongs to
Christ.” (Col. 2:16&17)

do any work on it was to die; also,
the one who would defile it was to
die. 2:26 Now you command the
Israelites to observe this day so that
they may sanctify it, not do any
work on it, and not defile it for it is
holier than all (other) days. 2:27
Anyone who profanes it is to die
and anyone who does any work on
it is to die eternally so that the
Israelites may observe this day
throughout their history and not be
uprooted from the earth. For it is a
holy day; it is a blessed day. 2:28
Everyone who observes (it) and
keeps sabbath on it from all his
work will be holy and blessed
throughout all times like us. 2:29
Inform and tell the Israelites the
law (which relates to) this day and
that they should keep sabbath on it
and not neglect it through the error
of their minds lest they do (any)
work on it—(the day) on which it
is not proper to do what they wish,
namely: to prepare on it anything
that is to be eaten or drunk; to draw
water; to bring in or remove on it
anything which one carries in their
gates—(any) work that they had
not prepared for themselves in their
dwellings on the sixth day. 2:30
They are not to bring (anything)
out or in from house to house on
this day because it is more holy and
more blessed than any of the
jubilee of jubilees. On it we kept
sabbath in heaven before it was
made known to all humanity that
on it they should keep sabbath on
earth. 2:31 The creator of all
blessed but did not sanctify any
people(s) and nations to keep
sabbath on it except Israel alone.
To it alone did he give (the right)
to eat, drink, and keep sabbath on it
upon the earth. 2:32 The creator of
all who created this day blessed it
for (the purposes of) blessing,
holiness, and glory more than all
(other) days. 2:33 This law and
testimony were given to the
Israelites as an eternal law
throughout their history.
14
Who are you to pass judgment on
servants of another? It is before
their own LORD that they stand or
fall. And they will be upheld, for
the LORD is able to make them
stand. Some judge one day to be
better than another, while others
judge all days to be alike. Let all be
fully convinced in their own minds.
Those who observe the day,
observe it in honor of the LORD.
Also those who eat, eat in honor of
the LORD, since they give thanks
to God; while those who abstain,
abstain in honor of the LORD and
give thanks to God. We do not live
to ourselves, and we do not die to
ourselves. If we live, we live to the
LORD, and if we die, we die to the
LORD; so then, whether we live or
whether we die, we are the
LORD’s. For to this end Christ
died and lived again, so that he
might be LORD of both the dead
and the living. “Why do you pass
judgment on your brother or sister?
Or you, why do you despise your
brother or sister? For we will all
stand before the judgment seat of
God. For it is written, “As I live,
says the LORD, every knee shall
bow to me, and every tongue shall
give praise to God.” So then, each
of us will be accountable to God.”
(Romans 14:4-12)
 15

The Presentation of Eve to Adam

Jubilees 3 (Hermeneia) Genesis 2 (CSB) Other Texts/Commentary
3:1 On the sixth day of the 4 These are the generations During the second week after
second week we brought to of the heavens and the earth creation God brought the
Adam, on the Lord’s orders, when they were created. In animals to Adam to be
all animals, all cattle, all the day that the LORD God named by him.
birds, everything that moves made the earth and the 1. Animals
about on the earth, and heavens, 5 when no plant of 2. Cattle
everything that moves about the field was yet in the earth 3. Birds
in the water—in their various and no herb of the field had 4. Other land animals
kinds and various forms: the yet sprung up--for the LORD 5. Marine animals
animals on the first day; the God had not caused it to rain Although God had created
cattle on the second day; the upon the earth, and there was Adam and Eve on the sixth
birds on the third day; no one to till the ground; 6 day of the first week, he had
everything that moves about but a stream would rise from not introduced them yet. A
on the earth on the fourth the earth, and water the week later, on the sixth day
day; and the ones that move whole face of the ground-- 7 of the second week, after he
about in the water on the then the LORD God formed had named the animals, God
fifth day. 2 Adam named man from the dust of the brought Eve to Adam.
them all, each with its own ground, and breathed into his
name. Whatever he called nostrils the breath of life; and
them became their name. 3 the man became a living
During these five days Adam being. 8 And the LORD God
was looking at all of these— planted a garden in Eden, in
male and female among the east; and there he put the
every kind that was on the man whom he had formed. 9
earth. But he himself was Out of the ground the LORD
alone; there was no one God made to grow every tree
whom he found for himself that is pleasant to the sight
who would be for him a and good for food, the tree of
helper who was like him. 4 life also in the midst of the
Then the Lord said to us: ‘It garden, and the tree of the
is not good that the man knowledge of good and evil.
should be alone. Let us make 10 A river flows out of Eden
him a helper who is like to water the garden, and from
him’. 5 The Lord our God there it divides and becomes
imposed a sound slumber on four branches. 11 The name
him and he fell asleep. Then of the first is Pishon; it is the
he took one of his bones for a one that flows around the
woman. That rib was the whole land of Havilah, where
origin of the woman—from there is gold; 12 and the gold
among his bones. He built of that land is good; bdellium
up the flesh in its place and and onyx stone are there. 13
built the woman. 6 Then he The name of the second river
awakened Adam from his is Gihon; it is the one that
sleep. When he awoke, he flows around the whole land
got up on the sixth day. of Cush. 14 The name of the
Then he brought him to her. third river is Tigris, which
He knew her and said to her: flows east of Assyria. And
‘This is now bone from my the fourth river is the

bone and flesh from my
flesh. This one will be called
my wife, for she was taken
from her husband’. 7 For
this reason a man and a
woman are to become one,
and for this reason he
leaves his father and his
mother. He associates with
his wife, and they become
one flesh. 3:8 In the first
week Adam and his wife—
the rib—were created, and in
the second week he showed
her to him. Therefore, a
commandment was given to
keep women in their
defilement seven days for a
male child and for a female
two units of seven days.
16
Euphrates. 15 The LORD
God took the man and put
him in the garden of Eden to
till it and keep it. 16 And the
LORD God commanded the
man, "You may freely eat of
every tree of the garden; 17
but of the tree of the
knowledge of good and evil
you shall not eat, for in the
day that you eat of it you
shall die." 18 Then the
LORD God said, "It is not
good that the man should be
alone; I will make him a
helper as his partner." 19 So
out of the ground the LORD
God formed every animal of
the field and every bird of the
air, and brought them to the
man to see what he would
call them; and whatever the
man called every living
creature, that was its name.
20 The man gave names to
all cattle, and to the birds of
the air, and to every animal
of the field; but for the man
there was not found a helper
as his partner. 21 So the
LORD God caused a deep
sleep to fall upon the man,
and he slept; then he took
one of his ribs and closed up
its place with flesh. 22 And
the rib that the LORD God
had taken from the man he
made into a woman and
brought her to the man.23
Then the man said, "This at
last is bone of my bones and
flesh of my flesh; this one
shall be called Woman, for
out of Man this one was
taken." 24 Therefore a man
leaves his father and his
mother and clings to his
wife, and they become one
flesh.
 17

First Adam and then Eve Are Brought into the Garden
Jubilees 3 (Hermeneia) Genesis 2 (CSB) Other Texts/Commentary
3:9 After 40 days had come to an 25 And the man and his wife 40 days after he was created, and
end for Adam in the land where he were both naked, and were not 46 days after creation, God
had been created, we brought him ashamed. separated Adam from Eve and
into the Garden of Eden to work brought him into the Garden.
and keep it. His wife was brought
there on the eightieth day. After 80 days after she was created and
this she entered the Garden of 86 days after creation, God brought
Eden. 10 For this reason a Eve back to Adam in the Garden.
commandment was written in the
heavenly tablets for the one who They tended and guarded it
gives birth to a child: if she gives together for 7 years. The angels
birth to a male, she is to remain in taught them how to garden.
her impurity for seven days like the
first seven days; then for 33 days
she is to remain in the blood of
purification. She is not to touch
any sacred thing nor to enter the
sanctuary until she completes these
days for a male. 11 As for a female
she is to remain in her impurity for
two weeks of days like the first two
weeks and 66 days in the blood of
her purification. Their total is 80
days. 12 After she had completed
these 80 days, we brought her into
the Garden of Eden because it is
the holiest in the entire earth, and
every tree which is planted in it is
holy. 13 For this reason the law of
these days has been ordained for
the one who gives birth to a male
or a female. She is not to touch
any sacred thing nor to enter the
sanctuary until the time when those
days for a male or a female are
completed. 14 These are the law
and testimony that were written for
Israel to keep for all times. 15
During the first week of the first
jubilee Adam and his wife spent
the seven years in the Garden of
Eden working and guarding it. We
gave him work and were teaching
him how to do everything that was
appropriate for working it. 16
While he was working it he was
naked but did not realize it nor
was he ashamed. He would guard
the garden against birds, animals,
and cattle. He would gather its
fruit and eat it and would store its
surplus for himself and his wife.
He would store what was being
kept.


Jubilees 3 (Hermeneia)
3:17 When the conclusion of
the seven years, which he had
completed there, arrived—
seven years exactly—in the
second month, on the
seventeenth, the serpent came
and approached the woman.
The serpent said to the woman:
‘Is it from all the fruit of the
trees in the garden that the Lord
has commanded you: “Do not
eat from it?”’ 18 She said to
him: ‘From all the fruits of the
trees which are in the garden the
Lord told us: “Eat”. But from
the fruit of the tree which is in
the middle of the garden he told
us: “Do not eat from it and do
not touch it so that you may not
die”’. 19 Then the serpent said
to the woman: ‘You will not
really die because the Lord
knows that when you eat from it
your eyes will be opened, you
will become like gods, and you
will know good and evil’. 20
The woman saw that the tree
was delightful and pleasing to
the eye and that its fruit was
good to eat. So she took some
of it and ate it. 21 She first
covered her shame with fig
leaves and then gave it to
Adam. He ate it, his eyes were
opened, and he saw that he was
naked. 22 He took fig leaves
and sewed them; thus he made
himself an apron and covered
his shame. 23 The Lord cursed
the serpent and was angry at it
forever. At the woman, too, he
was angry because she had
listened to the serpent and
eaten. He said to her: 24 ‘I will
indeed multiply your sadness
and your pain. Bear children in
sadness. Your place of refuge
will be with your husband; he
will rule over you’. 25 Then he
said to Adam: ‘Because you
listened to your wife and ate
from the tree from which I
The Fall of Humans
Genesis 3 (CSB)
3:1 Now the serpent was more
crafty than any other wild
animal that the LORD God had
made. He said to the woman,
"Did God say, 'You shall not eat
from any tree in the garden'?" 2
The woman said to the serpent,
"We may eat of the fruit of the
trees in the garden; 3 but God
said, 'You shall not eat of the
fruit of the tree that is in the
middle of the garden, nor shall
you touch it, or you shall die.'"
4 But the serpent said to the
woman, "You will not die; 5 for
God knows that when you eat of
it your eyes will be opened, and
you will be like God, knowing
good and evil." 6 So when the
woman saw that the tree was
good for food, and that it was a
delight to the eyes, and that the
tree was to be desired to make
one wise, she took of its fruit
and ate; and she also gave some
to her husband, who was with
her, and he ate. 7 Then the eyes
of both were opened, and they
knew that they were naked; and
they sewed fig leaves together
and made loincloths for
themselves. 8 They heard the
sound of the LORD God
walking in the garden at the
time of the evening breeze, and
the man and his wife hid
themselves from the presence of
the LORD God among the trees
of the garden. 9 But the LORD
God called to the man, and said
to him, "Where are you?" 10 He
said, "I heard the sound of you
in the garden, and I was afraid,
because I was naked; and I hid
myself." 11 He said, "Who told
you that you were naked? Have
you eaten from the tree of
which I commanded you not to
eat?" 12 The man said, "The
woman whom you gave to be
with me, she gave me fruit from
the tree, and I ate." 13 Then the
18
Other Texts/Commentary
“And the name of the third
[angel] is Gadre’el. This is the
one who showed all the blows
of death to the sons of men, and
he led Eve astray, and he
showed the shield and the coat
of mail and the sword for battle
and all the implements of death
to the sons of men. 7 And from
his hand they have gone forth
against those who dwell on the
earth from that day and forever
and ever. (1 Enoch 69:6&7)
The angel Gadreel apparently
possessed the serpent. Evil
spirits can possess animals.
“So he gave them permission.
And the unclean spirits came
out and entered the swine; and
the herd, numbering about two
thousand, rushed down the
steep bank into the sea, and
were drowned in the sea.”
(Mark 5:13)
But could the serpent really
speak? Why not? Birds can
speak, if they are taught. Cats
and dogs often make noises that
sound like words. A donkey
could speak.
“Then the LORD opened the
mouth of the donkey, and it said
to Balaam, “What have I done
to you, that you have struck me
these three times?”” (Num.
22:28)
The Black Mamba snake in
Africa still rises up to the height
of a man when it is threatened
and attacks very aggressively.
Normally, however, it moves
around on its stomach like other
snakes.
We don’t know what fruit it was
that Adam and Eve ate. It may
have been an apple, but
statistically it is not very likely.
It seems that there was only one
tree of the sort in the Garden of
Eden.
“11 Moreover the word of the
LORD came to me: 12 Mortal,

commanded you not to eat, may
the ground be cursed on account
of you. May it grow thorns and
thistles for you. Eat your food
in the sweat of your face until
you return to the earth from
which you were taken. For
earth you are and to earth you
will return’. 26 He made
clothing out of skins for them,
clothed them, and dismissed
them from the Garden of Eden.
27 On that day, as he was
leaving the Garden of Eden, he
burned incense as a pleasing
fragrance - frankincense,
galbanum, stacte, and aromatic
spices—in the early morning
when the sun rose at the time
when he covered his shame. 28
On that day the mouths of all
the animals, the cattle, the birds,
everything that walks and
everything that moves about
were made incapable of
speaking because all of them
used to converse with one
another in one language and one
tongue. 29 He dismissed from
the Garden of Eden all the
animate beings that were in the
Garden of Eden. All animate
beings were dispersed—each by
its kind and each by its nature—
into the places which had been
created for them. 30 But of all
the animals and cattle he
permitted Adam alone to cover
his shame. 31 For this reason it
has been commanded in the
tablets regarding all those who
know the judgment of the law
that they cover their shame and
not uncover themselves as the
nations uncover themselves.
LORD God said to the woman,
"What is this that you have
done?" The woman said, "The
serpent tricked me, and I ate."
14 The LORD God said to the
serpent, "Because you have
done this, cursed are you among
all animals and among all wild
creatures; upon your belly you
shall go, and dust you shall eat
all the days of your life. 15 I
will put enmity between you
and the woman, and between
your offspring and hers; he will
strike your head, and you will
strike his heel." 16 To the
woman he said, "I will greatly
increase your pangs in
childbearing; in pain you shall
bring forth children, yet your
desire shall be for your
husband, and he shall rule over
you." 17 And to the man he
said, "Because you have
listened to the voice of your
wife, and have eaten of the tree
about which I commanded you,
'You shall not eat of it,' cursed
is the ground because of you; in
toil you shall eat of it all the
days of your life; 18 thorns and
thistles it shall bring forth for
you; and you shall eat the plants
of the field. 19 By the sweat of
your face you shall eat bread
until you return to the ground,
for out of it you were taken; you
are dust, and to dust you shall
return." 20 The man named his
wife Eve, because she was the
mother of all living. 21 And the
LORD God made garments of
skins for the man and for his
wife, and clothed them. 22 Then
the LORD God said, "See, the
man has become like one of us,
knowing good and evil; and
now, he might reach out his
hand and take also from the tree
of life, and eat, and live
forever".
19
raise a lamentation over the
king of Tyre, and say to him,
Thus says the LORD GOD:
You were the signet of
perfection, full of wisdom and
perfect in beauty. 13 You were
in Eden, the garden of God;
every precious stone was your
covering, carnelian, chrysolite,
and moonstone, beryl, onyx,
and jasper, sapphire, [105]
turquoise, and emerald; and
worked in gold were your
settings and your engravings.
On the day that you were
created they were prepared. 14
With an anointed cherub as
guardian I placed you; you were
on the holy mountain of God;
you walked among the stones of
fire. 15 You were blameless in
your ways from the day that
you were created, until iniquity
was found in you. “16 In the
abundance of your trade you
were filled with violence, and
you sinned; so I cast you as a
profane thing from the
mountain of God, and the
guardian cherub drove you out
from among the stones of fire.
17 Your heart was proud
because of your beauty; you
corrupted your wisdom for the
sake of your splendor. I cast
you to the ground; I exposed
you before kings, to feast their
eyes on you. “18 By the
multitude of your iniquities, in
the unrighteousness of your
trade, you profaned your
sanctuaries. So I brought out
fire from within you; it
consumed you, and I turned you
to ashes on the earth in the sight
of all who saw you. 19 All who
know you among the peoples
are appalled at you; you have
come to a dreadful end, and
shall be no more forever.” (Ez.
28: 11-17)
 20

Adam and Eve Leave the Garden

Jubilees 3 (Hermeneia) Genesis 3 (CSB) Other Texts/Commentary
3:32 At the beginning of the 3:23 therefore the LORD Adam and Eve stayed in the
fourth month Adam and his God sent him forth from the Garden for around 2 months
wife departed from the garden of Eden, to till the after the Fall before they left
Garden of Eden. They lived ground from which he was the Garden. God gave them
in the land of Elda, in the taken. 24 He drove out the time to grieve and come to
land where they were man; and at the east of the terms with having to leave.
created. 33 Adam named his garden of Eden he placed the
wife Eve. cherubim, and a sword
flaming and turning to guard
the way to the tree of life.

The Garden of Eden by Thomas Cole (1801 – 1848). Amon Carter Museum of American Art.
Public Domain. Wikimedia Commons.

So, where was the Garden of Eden? The Bible gives us the clues that we need to find it.
 21

The Location of the Garden of Eden

The location of Eden is most likely in the east of Turkey under what is now Lake Van, a
saline lake.

A Map of the Terrestrial Paradise by Emmanuel Bowwen (1780). Public Domain.

Wikimedia Commons.

You can see from this map that the Tigris and Euphrates rivers have their origin in the same
area, the region that was known as the Armenian highlands, which is modern-day Turkey.
Lake Van is the body of water to the East of the highlands.
 22

Where is the Garden of Eden today?

My theory comprises the following points:

1. The Eastern highlands of modern Turkey was the region known as Eden. This was in
the eastern region of the original supercontinent called Pangea.
“Then the Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden, and there He put the man He
formed” (Gen. 2:8, NKJV).
2. To this day this area is used as arable land for agriculture, particularly fruit trees.
“Besides this, God caused every tree beautiful to the sight and good for food to grow from
the ground. Also, in the middle of the garden were the tree of life and the tree of learning the
knowledge of good and evil” (Gen. 2:9, NKJV).
“Then the Lord God took the man He formed and put him in the garden to tend and keep it.
And the Lord God commanded Adam, saying, “You may eat food from every tree in the
garden; but from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you may not eat; for in whatever
day you eat from it, you shall die by death” (Gen 2:15 -17, NKJV).
3. The shallow eastern waters of Lake Van were once only a river that flowed into the
Garden, being fed from the mountain streams in the east.
“Now a river went out of Eden to water the garden, and from there it separated into four
heads” (Gen. 2:10, NKJV)
4. When Adam was expelled from the Garden, volcanoes erupted around it blocking the
natural flow of the rivers and causing the river to form a saline lake. There is clear
scientific evidence of volcanic activity around the Lake. Perhaps the volcanoes are the
‘fiery swords’ of the angels that kept people out of the garden.
“Then the Lord God said, ‘Behold, the man has become like one of Us, to know good and
evil. Now, lest he put out his hand and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live forever’
therefore the Lord God sent him out of the garden of pleasure to cultivate the ground from
which he was taken. So He cast out Adam, and made him dwell opposite the garden of
pleasure. He then stationed the cherubim and the fiery sword which turns every way to guard
the way to the tree of life” (Gen. 3:22-24, NKJV)
5. Two of the rivers that flowed out of Eden are extinct. The geology of the area has
likely changed significantly due to earthquakes, volcanic activity and erosion.
“The name of the first is Pishon. It circles all the land of Havilah, where there is gold. And
the gold of that land is good. The carbuncle and the emerald are there as well. The name of
the second river is Gihon. It circles all the land of Ethiopia.” (Gen. 2:11-13, NKJV)
The land of Ethiopia (or Cush) is likely the original area in the Near East that the African
country was named after.
6. Moses could, however, identify two rivers that were known to the people of his time,
several thousand years after the flood, and are still known to us.
“The name of the third river is Tigris. It flows over against the Assyrians. And the fourth
river is Euphrates” (Gen. 2:14, NKJV).
7. The Garden of Eden lies under the deep Western waters of Lake Van. The Tree of
Life and the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil are situated at the bottom in the
middle of the Lake. Obviously, both are now completely dead and bearing no fruit.
“Then they heard the voice of the Lord God walking in the garden that afternoon, and Adam
and his wife hid themselves within the tree in the middle of the garden from the presence of
the Lord God” (Gen. 3:8, NKJV)
 23

Lake Van, Turkey

One river originally flowed into Lake Van from the north-east, but this was enlarged
as part of the Lake after the Great Flood covered the Garden in the south-east. There
is clear evidence of volcanic activity around the Lake, and volcanic eruptions have
blocked the lake from releasing its waters. Scientists believe that the water from Lake
Van drains out underground, and feeds the Euphrates and Tigris rivers from the south-
western bulk of the Lake. Other rivers would have originated in this region in the past
too, but the topography has been significantly altered by volcanic upheavals. The lake
is deep in the west and shallow in the east.

Lake Van, Turkey. Public Domain. Wikimedia Commons.

 24

The Descendants of Adam

The Birth of Children

Jubilees (Herm.) Genesis 4 (CSB) Texts/Commentary
2:34 They were 4:1 The man was intimate with his wife Most people are
childless Eve, and she conceived and gave birth to familiar with Cain
throughout the first Cain. She said, “I have had a male child and Abel, as Adam
jubilee; afterwards with the LORD’s help.” 2 She also gave and Eve’s children,
birth to his brother Abel. Now Abel became
he knew her. 35 He but Jubilees 4 tells
a shepherd of flocks, but Cain worked the
himself was us about the third
ground. 3 In the course of time Cain
working the land as presented some of the land’s produce as an child, a daughter
he had been taught offering to the LORD. 4 And Abel also called Awan, not
in the Garden of presented an offering — some of the mentioned in
Eden. 4:1 In the firstborn of his flock and their fat portions. Genesis.
third week in the The LORD had regard for Abel and his
second jubilee offering, 5 but he did not have regard for
[years 64-70], she Cain and his offering. Cain was furious, and
gave birth to Cain; he looked despondent. 6 Then the LORD
in the fourth [71- said to Cain, “Why are you furious? And
why do you look despondent? 7 If you do
77] she gave birth
what is right, won’t you be accepted? But if
to Abel; and in the you do not do what is right, sin is crouching
fifth [78-84] she at the door. Its desire is for you, but you
gave birth to his must rule over it.” † (Gen. 4:1 – 7, CSB)
daughter Awan.
(Jub. 3:34 – 4:1,
Herm.)

Cain leads Abel to Death by James Joseph Jacques Tissot (1836 – 1902).
Public Domain. Wikimedia Commons.
 25

Cain Kills Abel
Jubilees 4 (Herm.) Genesis 4 (CSB) Texts/Comment
4:2 During the first week of 8 Cain said to his brother Abel, “Let’s 1 Now faith is
the third jubilee [99-105] go out to the field.” And while they the reality of
Cain killed Abel because we were in the field, Cain attacked his what is hoped
had accepted his sacrifice from brother Abel and killed him. 9 Then the for, the proof of
him but from Cain we had not LORD said to Cain, “Where is your what is not seen.
accepted one. 4:3 When he brother Abel? ” “I don’t know,” he 2 For by it our
killed him in a field, his blood replied. “Am I my brother’s guardian? ” ancestors won
cried out from the ground to 10 Then he said, “What have you done? God’s approval.
heaven—crying because he Your brother’s blood cries out to me 3 By faith we
had been killed. 4:4 The Lord from the ground! 11 So now you are understand that
blamed Cain regarding Abel cursed, alienated from the ground that the universe was
because he had killed him. opened its mouth to receive your created by the
While he allowed him a length brother’s blood you have shed. 12 If word of God, so
of time on the earth because of you work the ground, it will never again that what is seen
his brother’s blood, he cursed give you its yield. You will be a restless was made from
him upon the earth. 4:5 For wanderer on the earth.” 13 But Cain things that are
this reason it has been written answered the LORD, “My punishment not visible. 4 By
on the heavenly tablets: is too great to bear! 14 Since you are faith Abel
‘Cursed is the person who banishing me today from the face of the offered to God a
beats his companion earth, and I must hide from your better sacrifice
maliciously’. All who saw it presence and become a restless than Cain did.
said: ‘Let him be cursed. And wanderer on the earth, whoever finds By faith he was
let the man who has seen but me will kill me.” 15 Then the LORD approved as a
has not told be cursed like replied to him, “In that case, whoever righteous man,
him’. 4:6 For this reason we kills Cain will suffer vengeance seven because God
report, when we come before times over.” And he placed a mark on approved his
the Lord our God, all the sins Cain so that whoever found him would gifts, and even
which take place in heaven and not kill him. 16 Then Cain went out though he is
on earth—what happens in the from the LORD’s presence and lived in dead, he still
light, in the darkness, or in any the land of Nod, east of Eden. speaks through
place. (Jub. 4:2 – 6, Herm.) (Gen. 4:8 – 16, CSB) his faith. (Heb.
11:1-4, CSB)

William-Adolphe Bouguereau:
The First Mourning (1888).
Museo Nacional de Bellas
Artes (Buenos Aires).
Wikimedia Commons.
Public Domain.
 26

Seth
Jubilees (Herm.) Genesis 4 (CSB) Text/Comment
4:7 Adam and his wife spent four weeks of 25 Adam was intimate with his Once again, Adam
years mourning for Abel. Then in the fourth wife again, and she gave birth has another
year of the fifth week [130] they became to a son and named him Seth, daughter called
happy. Adam again knew his wife, and she for she said, “God has given Azura, not
gave birth to a son for him. He named him me another child in place of mentioned in
Seth because he said: ‘The Lord has raised up Abel, since Cain killed him.” Genesis.
for us another offspring on the earth in place 26 A son was born to Seth
of Abel’ (for Cain had killed him). 4:8 In the also, and he named him Enosh.
sixth week [134-40] he became the father of At that time people began to
his daughter Azura. call on the name of the
(Jub. 4:7&8, Herm.) LORD. † (Gen 4:25, CSB)
The First Enoch
4:9 Cain married his sister Awan, and at the 4:17 Cain was Brother and sister could
end of the fourth jubilee [148-96] she gave intimate with his marry as there was no one
birth to Enoch for him. In the first year of wife, and she else around of the same
the first week of the fifth jubilee [197] conceived and gave species and humans were
houses were built on the earth. The Cain built birth to Enoch. Then still genetically pure at this
a city and named it after his son Enoch. Cain became the stage. This is not true now,
(Jub. 4:9, Herm.) builder of a city, and as humans are genetically
he named the city corrupted and consan-
Enoch after his son. guineous unions lead to
(Gen. 4:17, CSB) genetic birth defects.
The Descendants of Cain
4:18 To Enoch was born Irad; and
Irad was the father of Mehujael, and
Mehujael the father of Methushael,
and Methushael the father of
Lamech. 19 Lamech took two wives;
the name of the one was Adah, and
the name of the other Zillah. 20
Adah bore Jabal; he was the ancestor
of those who live in tents and have
livestock. 21 His brother's name was
Jubal; he was the ancestor of all
those who play the lyre and pipe. 22
Zillah bore Tubal-cain, who made all
kinds of bronze and iron tools. The
sister of Tubal-cain was Naamah. 23
Lamech said to his wives: "Adah and
Zillah, hear my voice; you wives of
Lamech, listen to what I say: I have
killed a man for wounding me, a
young man for striking me. 24 If
Cain is avenged sevenfold, truly
Lamech seventy-sevenfold."
(Gen. 4:18-24)
Right: Cain by Edwin Roscoe
Mullins (1848-1907), Glasgow
Botanic Gardens. Kibble Palace.
Marble, 1899. Daniel Naczk. Public
domain. Wikimedia Commons.
 27

Enosh
Jubilees (Herm.) Genesis 5 (CSB) Texts/Commentary
4:10 Adam knew his wife Eve, 5:3 Adam was 130 years old Adam and Eve had a dozen
and she gave birth to nine more when he fathered a son in his children up to this point and
children. 4:11 In the fifth week likeness, according to his may have had more later. Seth
of the fifth jubilee [225-31] image, and named him Seth. 4 married his sister Azura and
Seth married his sister Azura, Adam lived 800 years after he fathered children with her.
and in its fourth year [228] she fathered Seth, and he fathered
gave birth to Enosh for him. other sons and daughters. 5 So
4:12 He was the first to call on Adam’s life lasted 930 years;
the Lord’s name on the earth. then he died. 6 Seth was 105
years old when he fathered
Enosh. 7 Seth lived 807 years
after he fathered Enosh, and he
fathered other sons and
daughters. 8 So Seth’s life
lasted 912 years; then he died.
Kenan
4:13 In the seventh jubilee, in 5:9 Enosh was 90 years old Now we know where Adam and
the third week [309-15] Enosh when he fathered Kenan. 10 Eve’s sons got their wives.
married his sister Noam. She Enosh lived 815 years after he They were their sisters. Enosh
gave birth to a son for him in fathered Kenan, and he married his sister Noam and
the third year of the fifth week fathered other sons and bore children with her.
[325], and he named him daughters. 11 So Enosh’s life
Kenan. lasted 905 years; then he died.
Malalael
4:14 At the end of the eighth 12 Kenan was 70 years old Kenan married his sister
jubilee [344-92] Kenan when he fathered Mahalalel. 13 Mualelit and bore children with
married his sister Mualelit. Kenan lived 840 years after he her.
She gave birth to a son for him fathered Mahalalel, and he
in the ninth jubilee, in the first fathered other sons and
week—in the third year of this daughters. 14 So Kenan’s life
week [395]—and he named him lasted 910 years; then he died.
Malalael.
Jared
4:15 During the second week of 5:15 Mahalalel was 65 years old At this stage cousins were now
the tenth jubilee [449-55] when he fathered Jared. 16 getting married, rather than
Malalael married Dinah, the Mahalalel lived 830 years after siblings. Obviously the
daughter of Barakiel, the he fathered Jared, and he available gene pool was
daughter of his father’s brother. fathered other sons and expanding just as it was
She gave birth to a son for him daughters. 17 So Mahalalel’s degenerating, ensuring the
in the third week, in its sixth life lasted 895 years; then he survival of mankind.
year [461]. He named him died.
Jared because during his
lifetime the angels of the Lord
who were called Watchers
descended to earth to teach
mankind and to do what is just
and upright upon the earth.


4:16 In the eleventh jubilee
[491-539] Jared took a wife for
himself, and her name was
Barakah, the daughter of
Rasu’eyal, the daughter of his
father’s brother, in the fourth
week of this jubilee [512-18].
She gave birth to a son for him
during the fifth week, in the
fourth year, of the jubilee
[522], and he named him
Enoch.
4:27 During this jubilee—that
is, the fourteenth jubilee—
Methuselah married Edna, the
daughter of Ezrael, the daughter
of his father’s brother, in the
third week in the first year of
that week [652]. He became the
father of a son whom he named
Lamech. 4:28 In the fifteenth
jubilee, in the third week [701-
707], Lamech married a woman
whose name was Betanosh, the
daughter of Barakiel, the
daughter of his father’s brother.
During this week she gave birth
to a son for him, and he named
him Noah, explaining: ‘(He is
one) who will give me conso-
lation from my sadness, from all
my work, and from the earth the
Lord cursed’…
4:33 In the twenty-fifth jubilee
Noah married a woman whose
name was Emzara, the daughter
of Rakiel, the daughter of his
father’s brother—during the
first year in the fifth week
[1205]. In its third year [1207]
she gave birth to Shem for him;
in its fifth year [1209] she gave
birth to Ham for him; and in the
first year during the sixth week
[1212] she gave birth to Japheth
for him.
28
Enoch
5:18 Jared was 162 years old
when he fathered Enoch. 19
Jared lived 800 years after he
fathered Enoch, and he fathered
other sons and daughters. 20 So
Jared’s life lasted 962 years;
then he died. 21 Enoch was 65
years old when he fathered
Methuselah. 22 And after he
fathered Methuselah, Enoch
walked with God 300 years and
fathered other sons and
daughters. 23 So Enoch’s life
lasted 365 years. 24 Enoch
walked with God; then he was
not there because God took him.
25 Methuselah was 187 years
old when he fathered Lamech.
26 Methuselah lived 782 years
after he fathered Lamech, and
he fathered other sons and
daughters. 27 So Methuselah’s
life lasted 969 years; then he
died. 28 Lamech was 182 years
old when he fathered a son. 29
And he named him Noah,
saying, “This one will bring us
relief from the agonizing labor
of our hands, caused by the
ground the LORD has cursed.”
30 Lamech lived 595 years after
he fathered Noah, and he
fathered other sons and
daughters. 31 So Lamech’s life
lasted 777 years; then he died.
32 Noah was 500 years old, and
he fathered Shem, Ham, and
Japheth.
 29

A Summary of the Chronology of Jubilees from Creation (Year 1) [3906BC]

Jubilee./ Event,/(Year)/[Date]

Stone Age [Pre-4000BC]

Copper Age [Post-4000BC]
1. Creation (1), Fall (7).
2. Cain (64), Abel (71) and Awan (78) born.
3. Cain kills Abel (99), Seth (130) & Azura (134) born.
4. Cain marries Awan (148), Enoch born.
5. Cain builds the city Enoch (197), Seth marries Azura (225), Enosh born (228).
6. #
7. Enosh marries Noam (309), Kenan born (325).
8. Kenan marries Mualelit (344).
9. Malalael born (395) [3511BC].
Mesopotamian Kingdom established [3500BC].
10. Malalael marries Dinah (449), Jared born (461).
11. Jared marries Barakah (491), Enoch born. (522) [3384BC].
12. Enoch marries Edni (582), Methuselah born (587).
13. #
14. Methuselah marries Edna (652). Enoch taken. Angels fall. Lamech born. [3254BC].
15. Lamech marries Betanosh. (701) Noah born [3205BC].
[3200BC] Indus Valley civillisation established by fallen angels (Buddhist/Hindu).
Atlantean, Athenian, Trojan and Egyptian Empires established (Euro-Paganism).
16. #
17. #
18. #
Bronze Age Era (Post-3000BC)
19. Adam dies (930). Cain dies (931) [2975BC].
20. #
21. #
22. #
23. #
24. #
25. Noah marries Emzara (1205), Shem (1207), Ham (1209), Japheth born (1212).
26. #
Mayan American civilization established [2600BC] as an extension of Atlantis.
27. Noah builds the Ark (1307), The Great Flood (1308) [2598BC].

This chronology is almost identical to the Samaritan Pentateuch, but very different to the
Septuagint and Masoretic texts. The former texts are considered fairly independent and old,
but the latter are younger and more corrupted.
 30

Ancient Civilizations Before the Flood

It is important to understand that ancient civilizations before the flood were centered
around the Mediterranean Sea. The first civilization was Sumeria, downstream from
the Euphrates and Tigris rivers that had their source in the Garden of Eden. This was,
no doubt, deliberate. Though mankind was cast out of Eden, they thought that by
settling downstream from the Garden, they would still be able to draw from the living
waters of Eden, as Adam and Eve did. After the fall of the angels, each fallen angel
received one part of the world as theirs, which was taken over by these ‘sons of God’
and their giant children. As the oldest civilization, Sumeria was likely taken by
Shemihaza, the leader of the angels.

The Atlantean Kingdom, which extended from the mid-Atlantic Island to the
Americas, Western Europe and North Africa, was by far the largest, as ruled by the
most aggressive of all the fallen angels, Azazael. For this, he received the greatest
punishment.

The next most powerful Kingdom, established by Satan, was Athens. This eventually
extended to Egypt, but by the time that the Atlanteans had weakened, it had grown
powerful enough to defeat them.

Then, on the Asia Minor coast, Troy dominated that part of the world, but lost power
to the Athenians. Further across was Sumeria, the center of the human Kingdom.
Further East, was the Parthian Kingdom (Iran). Finally, the Indus Valley was
established in what is modern day Afghanistan, Pakistan and India. Thus there was an
‘arc’ of civilizations that stretched from the North Atlantic to the Indus Valley.

Now, this is very interesting, because the Indo-European languages and the legendary
Nazi Aryan race follow almost the identical arc on the map. So, these were the
original fallen angelic kingdoms, with a similar language. The children of the fallen
angels, the giants, also inhabited these lands. When they died, the spirits of the giants
became demons, and the demons were still connected to these regions by the original
division of the land of the earth. At the center is the Garden of Eden.

Indo-European language throughout Europe and the Middle East 500 BCE.
Indoeuropean Language around 2500 Before Present = 500 Before Christ.
Centum languages are in blue, Satem languages are in red. Public Domain.
Wikimedia Commons.
 31

The 4th edition of Meyers Konversationslexikon (Leipzig, 1885–1890) shows the

Caucasian race (in various shades of grayish blue-green) as comprising Aryans,
Semites, and Hamites. Aryans are further subdivided into European Aryans and Indo-
Aryans (the term "Indo-Aryans" was then used to describe those now called "Indo-
Iranians"). Public Domain. Wikimedia Commons.

The Indus Valley Civillization

Indians are very proud of the fact that theirs is the oldest civilization in the world. The
Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) or Harappan Civilization was a Bronze Age
civilization from around 3200BC.

McIntosh, Jane (2008). The Ancient Indus Valley. New Perspectives. ISBN 978-1-
57607-907-2. Background from http://www2.demis.nl/mapserver/mapper.asp .
Made with GIMP. Public Domain. Wikipedia Commons.
 32

Detailed map of Indus Valley Civilization settlements. Public Domain. Wikimedia

Commons.

The irony is that most of the Hindu Indus Valley is currently mostly in Pakistani (and
some Afghani) territory, which is primarily Muslim, and many of the ancient Indus
Valley sites, buildings and relics are being systematically destroyed by the Muslims.
It is also very difficult to gain access to these sites and study them properly.

English: The taller Buddha of Bamiyan before (left picture) and after destruction
(right) in Afghanistan. Public Domain. Wikimedia Commons.
 33

Diorama reconstruction of everyday life in Indus Valley Civilisation (National

Science Centre, Delhi, India). Public Domain. Wikimedia Commons.

Seals of the Indus Valley Civilization. also showing Swastikas. British Museum.
Personal photograph. Public Domain. Wikimedia Commons.
 34

Atlantis on Google Maps

Most modern scholars believe that the lost civilization of Atlantis is an ancient myth.
Some scholars take the historical record seriously, and posit various locations for it.
However, the overwhelming evidence of history places it in the North Atlantic.

Athanasius Kircher has a very interesting map of Atlantis from an ancient source.
He published his map in the seventeenth century, without satellite imagery.

When you reverse the map, you get the continents as we currently know them.

The Google map of the area is very interesting indeed and reveals a similar pattern.
 35

A focus on the area where the Azores Islands are found on the map is fascinating.

Here is a ‘blown-up’ version of the area that we need to focus on for clear
identification.
 36

Now, if we look at the two maps together, the multiple correlations are indisputable.
 37

Modern technology must force us to seriously reconsider our views of historical

‘myth’. No reasonable person can dispute the geographical facts that we can see on
these maps.

If Atlantis existed, then we must investigate it and revise our perception of history.
Which other ‘legends’, that we have too easily dismissed as ‘myth’, are actually true?
 38

The World According to Plato

Plato was a famous Greek philosopher who lived around 424 – 348 BC. In the Jowett
(1892) English translation of The Dialogues of Plato, Plato mentions Atlantis, Athens
and Egypt in Part Three, The Late Dialogues of Timaeus and Critias.

The Dialogue of Timaeus

Plato sets the geographical and historical context of this section of the Timaeus
Dialogue.

In the Egyptian Delta, at the head of which the river Nile divides, there is a
certain district which is called the district of Sais, and the great city of the
district is also called Sais, and is the city from which King Amasis came. The
citizens have a deity for their foundress; she is called in the Egyptian tongue
Neith, and is asserted by them to be the same whom the Hellenes call Athene;
they are great lovers of the Athenians, and say that they are in some way
related to them.

The city of Sais (or Zau, in Ancient Egyptian) was an important town in the Western
Nile Delta, and the seat of power during the Twenty-Fourth (732–720 BC) and
Twenty-Sixth (664–525 BC) Dynasties of Egypt.

He then continues his narrative with the visit to Egypt of Solon, a respected Athenian
statesman, lawmaker and poet (who lived around 638 – 558 BC).

To this city came Solon, and was received there with great honour; he asked
the priests who were most skilful in such matters, about antiquity, and made
the discovery that neither he nor any other Hellene knew anything worth
mentioning about the times of old. On one occasion, wishing to draw them on
to speak of antiquity, he began to tell about the most ancient things in our part
of the world—about Phoroneus, who is called ‘the first man,’ and about
Niobe; and after the Deluge, of the survival of Deucalion and Pyrrha; and he
traced the genealogy of their descendants, and reckoning up the dates, tried to
compute how many years ago the events of which he was speaking happened.

Phoroneus ‘the first man’ is obviously a reference to Adam; and Deucalion and
Pyrrha likely Noah and his wife.

However, one of the old Egyptian priests berates Solon’s immaturity and ignorance
about the many deluges that have wiped out mankind.

Thereupon one of the priests, who was of a very great age, said: O Solon,
Solon, you Hellenes are never anything but children, and there is not an old
man among you. Solon in return asked him what he meant. I mean to say, he
replied, that in mind you are all young; there is no old opinion handed down
among you by ancient tradition, nor any science which is hoary with age. And
I will tell you why. There have been, and will be again, many destructions of
mankind arising out of many causes; the greatest have been brought about by
 39

the agencies of fire and water, and other lesser ones by innumerable other
causes.

The old priest recounts a myth that has metaphorical meaning.

There is a story, which even you have preserved, that once upon a time
Paethon, the son of Helios, having yoked the steeds in his father’s chariot,
because he was not able to drive them in the path of his father, burnt up all
that was upon the earth, and was himself destroyed by a thunderbolt. Now this
has the form of a myth, but really signifies a declination of the bodies moving
in the heavens around the earth, and a great conflagration of things upon the
earth, which recurs after long intervals; at such times those who live upon the
mountains and in dry and lofty places are more liable to destruction than those
who dwell by rivers or on the seashore. And from this calamity the Nile, who
is our never-failing saviour, delivers and preserves us.

Then the old priest contrasts what is history and not myth. He recounts a global flood
that actually happened and was recorded by Egyptian scholars.

When, on the other hand, the gods purge the earth with a deluge of water,
the survivors in your country are herdsmen and shepherds who dwell on the
mountains, but those who, like you, live in cities are carried by the rivers into
the sea. Whereas in this land, neither then nor at any other time, does the water
come down from above on the fields, having always a tendency to come up
from below; for which reason the traditions preserved here are the most
ancient. The fact is, that wherever the extremity of winter frost or of summer
sun does not prevent, mankind exist, sometimes in greater, sometimes in lesser
numbers. And whatever happened either in your country or in ours, or in any
other region of which we are informed—if there were any actions noble or
great or in any other way remarkable, they have all been written down by us
of old, and are preserved in our temples. Whereas just when you and other
nations are beginning to be provided with letters and the other requisites of
civilized life, after the usual interval, the stream from heaven, like a
pestilence, comes pouring down, and leaves only those of you who are
destitute of letters and education; and so you have to begin all over again like
children, and know nothing of what happened in ancient times, either among
us or among yourselves.

The priest continues his criticism of Solon.

As for those genealogies of yours which you just now recounted to us, Solon,
they are no better than the tales of children. In the first place you remember a
single deluge only, but there were many previous ones; in the next place, you
do not know that there formerly dwelt in your land the fairest and noblest
race of men which ever lived, and that you and your whole city are
descended from a small seed or remnant of them which survived. And this was
unknown to you, because, for many generations, the survivors of that
destruction died, leaving no written word.
 40

Map of Ibn Ben Zara (1487) which shows islands in the Meditteranean that no longer
exist, indicating the rise of the water levels. Public domain. Wikimedia Commons.

The priest then goes on to recount ancient antedeluvian (pre-flood) history, when
Athens was already the most prominent city.

For there was a time, Solon, before the great deluge of all, when the city
which now is Athens was first in war and in every way the best governed of
all cities, is said to have performed the noblest deeds and to have had the
fairest constitution of any of which tradition tells, under the face of heaven.
Solon marvelled at his words, and earnestly requested the priests to inform
him exactly and in order about these former citizens. You are welcome to hear
about them, Solon, said the priest, both for your own sake and for that of your
city, and above all, for the sake of the goddess who is the common patron
and parent and educator of both our cities.

As mentioned before, the goddess was called Neith in Egyptian, and Athene in Greek.
Her husband was Hephaestus (or Vulcan in Rome), the Greek god of blacksmiths,
metalworking, carpenters, craftsmen, artisans, sculptors, metallurgy, fire, and
volcanoes. According to Greek mythology, Hephaestus was the son of Hera the wife
of Zeus, the king of the gods. One account describes his asexual reproduction by his
mother, his deformity, his rejection by his mother and his expulsion from Mount
Olympus down to the earth.

She founded your city a thousand years before ours…receiving from the Earth
and Hephaestus the seed of your race, and afterwards she founded ours, of
which the constitution is recorded in our sacred registers to be 8000 years old.
 41

Hephaestus and Athena, the children of Zeus (Satan/Gadreel), were Nephilim (giants)
and produced children together. They founded the pre-flood city and empire of
Athens 1000 years before they established Egypt around, according to the Egyptian
priest. All this happened before the great flood.

As touching your citizens of 9000 years ago, I will briefly inform you of their
laws and of their most famous action; the exact particulars of the whole we
will hereafter go through at our leisure in the sacred registers themselves. If
you compare these very laws with ours you will find that many of ours are the
counterpart of yours as they were in the olden time. In the first place, there is
the caste of priests, which is separated from all the others; next, there are the
artificers, who ply their several crafts by themselves and do not intermix; and
also there is the class of shepherds and of hunters, as well as that of
husbandmen; and you will observe, too, that the warriors in Egypt are distinct
from all the other classes, and are commanded by the law to devote
themselves solely to military pursuits; moreover, the weapons which they
carry are shields and spears, a style of equipment which the goddess taught of
Asiatics first to us, as in your part of the world first to you. Then as to
wisdom, do you observe how our law from the very first made a study of the
whole order of things, extending even to prophecy and medicine which gives
health, out of these divine elements deriving what was needful for human life,
and adding every sort of knowledge which was akin to them. All this order
and arrangement the goddess first imparted to you when establishing your
city; and she chose the spot of earth in which you were born, because she saw
that the happy temperament of the seasons in that land would produce the
wisest of men. Wherefore the goddess, who was a lover both of war and of
wisdom, selected and first of all settled that spot which was the most likely to
produce men likest herself. And there you dwelt, having such laws as these
and still better ones, and excelled all mankind in all virtue, as became the
children and disciples of the gods.

It is important to note that the dates given by the priest do not line up with secular
archeology or Biblical chronology. Clearly there is some embellishment here. The
Egyptian Kingdom was only established around 3200BC, not 8600BC. The priest
then goes on to give an account of Atlantis’ attempted invasion of Europe and Asia,
which Athens stopped.

Many great and wonderful deeds are recorded of your state in our histories.
But one of them exceeds all the rest in greatness and valour. For these
histories tell of a mighty power which unprovoked made an expedition against
the whole of Europe and Asia, and to which your city put an end.

The location of Atlantis is very specifically in the Atlantic Ocean, here referred to a
“the true ocean” or the “real sea”.

This power came forth out of the Atlantic Ocean, for in those days the Atlantic
was navigable; and there was an island situated in front of the straits which are
by you called the Pillars of Heracles; the island was larger than Libya and
Asia put together, and was the way to other islands, and from these you
might pass to the whole of the opposite continent which surrounded the true
 42

ocean; for this sea which is within the Straits of Heracles is only a harbour,
having a narrow entrance, but that other is a real sea, and the surrounding land
may be most truly called a boundless continent.

Possible renderings of Anaximander's world map (c. 610 – c. 546 BC).

Public Domain. Wikimedi Commons.
 43

The “opposite continent” obviously refers to North and South America. The “Pillars”
or “Straights of Hercules” refer to the entrance to the Mediterannean Ocean, which is
refered to as a sea that is “only a harbor”. Libya is the ancient name for Africa. The
size of the island is said to be “the size of Libya and Asia combined”. Now, if you
include the continents of the Americas (“the opposite continent”) and Greenland,
which they seem to have colonized, then this is certainly true.

Map of the Atlantean Empire, from Ignatius Donelly's Atlantis: the Antediluvian
World, 1882. Public Domain. Wikimedia Commons.

The priest goes on to describe the geographic extent of the Kingdom of Atlantis.

Now in this island of Atlantis there was a great and wonderful empire which
had rule over the whole island and several others, and over parts of the
continent, and, furthermore, the men of Atlantis had subjected the parts of
Libya within the columns of Heracles as far as Egypt, and of Europe as far as
Tyrrhenia.

It reigned over the main island, the surrounding islands, parts of the European
“continent” as far as Tyrrhenia (Italy) and Libya (Africa) as far as Egypt (North-East
Africa). Archaeological remnants of this Empire can still be seen in all these regions.

The priest then goes on to describe the attack of the Atlantean Empire on the Eastern
Mediterranean, which was controlled by Athens. All the other nations fell to the
assault, except Athens, which defeated the Atlanteans.

This vast power, gathered into one, endeavoured to subdue at a blow our
country and yours and the whole of the region within the straits; and then,
Solon, your country shone forth, in the excellence of her virtue and strength,
among all mankind. She was pre-eminent in courage and military skill, and
was the leader of the Hellenes. And when the rest fell off from her, being
compelled to stand alone, after having undergone the very extremity of
danger, she defeated and triumphed over the invaders, and preserved from
 44

slavery those who were not yet subjugated, and generously liberated all the
rest of us who dwell within the pillars.

After the defeat of Atlantis by Athens, there were powerful earthquakes and floods
that caused the death of all the Athenian soldiers and the sinking of the Island of
Atlantis into the ocean.

But afterwards there occurred violent earthquakes and floods; and in a single
day and night of misfortune all your warlike men in a body sank into the
earth, and the island of Atlantis in like manner disappeared in the depths
of the sea. For which reason the sea in those parts is impassable and
impenetrable, because there is a shoal of mud in the way; and this was caused
by the subsidence of the island.

Up until the fifteenth century, the North Atlantic was considered impassable due to
the fear of what happened to the Island of Atlantis.

Poseidon or Neptune, King of Atlantis, Attacking the Empire of Atlantis.

This picture shows Poseidon (or Neptune) (left), the King of Atlantis, holding a
trident, with the island Nisyros (a Greek island just off modern south-west Turkey) on
his shoulder, battling a Giant (probably Polybotes), red-figure cup c. 500–450 BC
(Cabinet des Medailles 573). "Poseidon Polybotes Cdm Paris 573" by English:
Painter of the Paris Gigantomachy (eponymous vase), circle of the Brygos Painter -
User: Bibi Saint-Pol, own work, 2007-05-25.
Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons -
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poseidon_Polybotes_Cdm_Paris_573.jpg#/
media/File:Poseidon_Polybotes_Cdm_Paris_573.jpg
 45

The Gigantomachy in ancient art depicted the war between the gods and the giants.
Pausanias the Geographer (in the second century AD) mentions seeing a statue of
Poseidon battling Polybotes at Athens.

Not far from the temple is Poseidon on horseback, hurling a spear against the
giant Polybotes, concerning whom is prevalent among the Coans the story
about the promontory of Chelone.

In other words, Poseidon was a fallen angel mentioned in Genesis 6:4 that established
his Kingdom in Atlantis.

Athena Overcoming the Atlantean Invaders

Athena (left) fighting the Giant Enceladus (inscribed retrograde) on an Attic red-
figure dish, c. 550–500 BC (Louvre CA3662). "Athena Enkelados Louvre CA3662"
by English: Oltos? (Louvre), circle of Psiax (Mertens) - Marie-Lan Nguyen (2007).
Image renamed from Image:Pallas Enceladus LouvreCA3662.jpg. Licensed under
Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons -
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Athena_Enkelados_Louvre_CA3662.jpg#/
media/File:Athena_Enkelados_Louvre_CA3662.jpg
 46

A depiction of the Gigantomachy showing a typical central group of Zeus, Heracles

and Athena. Black-figure amphora in the style of the Lysippides Painter, c. 530-520
BC (British Museum B208). "Black-Figured Amphora depicting the Battle of Gods
and Giants" by Claire H. - originally posted to Flickr as Black-Figured Amphora (Jar)
depicting the Battle of Gods and Giants. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 via
Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Black-
Figured_Amphora_depicting_the_Battle_of_Gods_and_Giants.jpg#/media/File:Black
-Figured_Amphora_depicting_the_Battle_of_Gods_and_Giants.jpg

The Dialogue of Critias

The Dialogue of Critias explains in great detail how the earth was peacefully divided
up amongst the fallen angels.

In the days of old, the gods had the whole earth distributed among them by
allotment. There was no quarrelling; for you cannot rightly suppose that the
gods did not know what was proper for each of them to have, or, knowing this,
that they would seek to procure for themselves by contention that which more
properly belonged to others. They all of them by just apportionment obtained
what they wanted, and peopled their own districts; and when they had peopled
them they tended us, their nurselings and possessions, as shepherds tend their
flocks, excepting only that they did not use blows or bodily force, as
shepherds do, but governed us like pilots from the stern of the vessel,
which is an easy way of guiding animals, holding our souls by the rudder of
persuasion according to their own pleasure; thus did they guide all mortal
creatures. Now different gods had their allotments in different places which
they set in order.
 47

The fallen angels originally did not use violence and they ruled the inhabitants of the
earth. There were two main kingdoms that emerged: Athens and Atlantis.

The Kingdom of Athens

The founders of Athens, Hephaestus and Athena, were giant children of Zeus (the
fallen angel Satan/Gadreel), from different mothers (Hera and Metis respectively).

Hephaestus and Athene, who were brother and sister, and sprang from the
same father, having a common nature, and being united also in the love of
philosophy and art, both obtained as their common portion this land, which
was naturally adapted for wisdom and virtue; and there they implanted brave
children of the soil, and put into their minds the order of government;
their names are preserved, but their actions have disappeared by reason of the
destruction of those who received the tradition, and the lapse of ages.

Vulcan [Hephaestus]. Engraving by C. Bloemaert after Pietro da Cortona. Public

Domain. Wikimedia Commons.

The Athenian survivors of the Atlantean War fled to the mountains and lived a
simple, rural life of subsistence and survival. They forgot how to write, remembered
the names of the past, but little of their history.

For when there were any survivors, as I have already said, they were men
who dwelt in the mountains; and they were ignorant of the art of writing,
and had heard only the names of the chiefs of the land, but very little about
their actions. The names they were willing enough to give to their children;
but the virtues and the laws of their predecessors, they knew only by obscure
traditions; and as they themselves and their children lacked for many
generations the necessaries of life, they directed their attention to the supply
of their wants, and of them they conversed, to the neglect of events that had
 48

happened in times long past; for mythology and the enquiry into antiquity
are first introduced into cities when they begin to have leisure, and when they
see that the necessaries of life have already been provided, but not before. And
this is the reason why the names of the ancients have been preserved to us
and not their actions.

Early Athenian warriors comprised of famous leaders, both male and female.

This I infer because Solon said that the priests in their narrative of that war
mentioned most of the names which are recorded prior to the time of Theseus,
such as Cecrops, and Erechtheus, and Erichthonius, and Erysichthon, and the
names of the women in like manner. Moreover, since military pursuits were
then common to men and women, the men of those days in accordance with
the custom of the time set up a figure and image of the goddess in full armour,
to be a testimony that all animals which associate together, male as well as
female, may, if they please, practise in common the virtue which belongs to
them without distinction of sex.

Athens at the time of the Atlantan War was divided into different classes of citizens:
artisans, farmers and warriors. The warriors were set apart and lived in communes.

Now the country was inhabited in those days by various classes of citizens;—
there were artisans, and there were husbandmen, and there was also a
warrior class originally set apart by divine men. The latter dwelt by
themselves and had all things suitable for nurture and education; neither had
any of them anything of their own, but they regarded all that they had as
common property; nor did they claim to receive of the other citizens
anything more than their necessary food. And they practised all the pursuits
which we yesterday described as those of our imaginary guardians.

The boundaries of Athens were quite extensive, much bigger even than the modern
day city.

Concerning the country the Egyptian priests said what is not only probable but
manifestly true, that the boundaries were in those days fixed by the Isthmus,
and that in the direction of the continent they extended as far as the heights of
Cithaeron and Parnes; the boundary line came down in the direction of the sea,
having the district of Oropus on the right, and with the river Asopus as the
limit on the left.

The pastures, flora and fauna were quite exceptional.

The land was the best in the world, and was therefore able in those days to
support a vast army, raised from the surrounding people. Even the remnant of
Attica which now exists may compare with any region in the world for the
variety and excellence of its fruits and the suitableness of its pastures to
every sort of animal, which proves what I am saying; but in those days the
country was fair as now and yielded far more abundant produce.
 49

The Athens of Plato’s day was a much smaller land mass than in the days of Atlantis,
due to floods and erosion. The implications for archaeological research are
significant: there must be a lot of ancient underwater buildings and relics along the
Greek coastline.

How shall I establish my words? and what part of it can be truly called a
remnant of the land that then was? The whole country is only a long
promontory extending far into the sea away from the rest of the continent,
while the surrounding basin of the sea is everywhere deep in the
neighbourhood of the shore. Many great deluges have taken place during the
nine thousand years, for that is the number of years which have elapsed since
the time of which I am speaking; and during all this time and through so many
changes, there has never been any considerable accumulation of the soil
coming down from the mountains, as in other places, but the earth has fallen
away all round and sunk out of sight. The consequence is, that in comparison
of what then was, there are remaining only the bones of the wasted body, as
they may be called, as in the case of small islands, all the richer and softer
parts of the soil having fallen away, and the mere skeleton of the land being
left.

Athens at the time of Atlantis, according to Plato, was a veritable Garden of Eden.

But in the primitive state of the country, its mountains were high hills covered
with soil, and the plains, as they are termed by us, of Phelleus were full of rich
earth, and there was abundance of wood in the mountains. Of this last the
traces still remain, for although some of the mountains now only afford
sustenance to bees, not so very long ago there were still to be seen roofs of
timber cut from trees growing there, which were of a size sufficient to cover
the largest houses; and there were many other high trees, cultivated by man
and bearing abundance of food for cattle. Moreover, the land reaped the
benefit of the annual rainfall, not as now losing the water which flows off the
bare earth into the sea, but, having an abundant supply in all places, and
receiving it into herself and treasuring it up in the close clay soil, it let off into
the hollows the streams which it absorbed from the heights, providing
everywhere abundant fountains and rivers, of which there may still be
observed sacred memorials in places where fountains once existed; and this
proves the truth of what I am saying. Such was the natural state of the country,
which was cultivated, as we may well believe, by true husbandmen, who made
husbandry their business, and were lovers of honour, and of a noble nature,
and had a soil the best in the world, and abundance of water, and in the
heaven above an excellently attempered climate.
 50

The Acropolis of Athens viewed from the Hill of the Muses. Photo by Carole Raddato
from FRANKFURT, Germany, 2014. Wikimedia Commons. Public Domain.

The Acropolis dates back to the time of Atlantis, but the hill that it stands on was
much bigger then.

Now the city in those days was arranged on this wise. In the first place the
Acropolis was not as now. For the fact is that a single night of excessive rain
washed away the earth and laid bare the rock; at the same time there were
earthquakes, and then occurred the extraordinary inundation, which was the
third before the great destruction of Deucalion. But in primitive times the hill
of the Acropolis extended to the Eridanus and Ilissus, and included the Pnyx
on one side, and the Lycabettus as a boundary on the opposite side to the
Pnyx, and was all well covered with soil, and level at the top, except in one or
two places.

The warrior class of 20 000 equal men and women lived together, and had a very
particular regimin in their daily lives. Because of this, they were more than ready to
go to war against the Atlanteans.

Outside the Acropolis and under the sides of the hill there dwelt artisans, and
such of the husbandmen as were tilling the ground near; the warrior class
dwelt by themselves around the temples of Athene and Hephaestus at the
summit, which moreover they had enclosed with a single fence like the garden
of a single house. On the north side they had dwellings in common and had
erected halls for dining in winter, and had all the buildings which they needed
for their common life, besides temples, but there was no adorning of them
with gold and silver, for they made no use of these for any purpose; they took
a middle course between meanness and ostentation, and built modest houses in
which they and their children’s children grew old, and they handed them down
to others who were like themselves, always the same. But in summer-time
 51

they left their gardens and gymnasia and dining halls, and then the southern
side of the hill was made use of by them for the same purpose. Where the
Acropolis now is there was a fountain, which was choked by the earthquake,
and has left only the few small streams which still exist in the vicinity, but in
those days the fountain gave an abundant supply of water for all and of
suitable temperature in summer and in winter. This is how they dwelt, being
the guardians of their own citizens and the leaders of the Hellenes, who were
their willing followers. And they took care to preserve the same number of
men and women through all time, being so many as were required for warlike
purposes, then as now—that is to say, about twenty thousand.

The reputation of the Athenians spread all over Europe and Asia.

Such were the ancient Athenians, and after this manner they righteously
administered their own land and the rest of Hellas; they were renowned all
over Europe and Asia for the beauty of their persons and for the many
virtues of their souls, and of all men who lived in those days they were the
most illustrious. And next, if I have not forgotten what I heard when I was a
child, I will impart to you the character and origin of their adversaries. For
friends should not keep their stories to themselves, but have them in common.

The Athenian reputation grew so strong that Hellenic names in were used in foreign
nations, though they were sometimes translated.

Yet, before proceeding further in the narrative, I ought to warn you, that you
must not be surprised if you should perhaps hear Hellenic names given to
foreigners. I will tell you the reason of this: Solon, who was intending to use
the tale for his poem, enquired into the meaning of the names, and found that
the early Egyptians in writing them down had translated them into their own
language, and he recovered the meaning of the several names and when
copying them out again translated them into our language. My great-
grandfather, Dropides, had the original writing, which is still in my
possession, and was carefully studied by me when I was a child. Therefore if
you hear names such as are used in this country, you must not be surprised, for
I have told how they came to be introduced.

The Kingdom of Atlantis

Plato tells us how the earth was divided up amongst the fallen angels (gods).
Poseidon/Neptune was given Atlantis and had children by a human woman. This is
probably the figure of Azazel in the Book of Enoch.

The tale, which was of great length, began as follows: I have before remarked
in speaking of the allotments of the gods, that they distributed the whole
earth into portions differing in extent, and made for themselves temples and
instituted sacrifices. And Poseidon, receiving for his lot the island of Atlantis,
begat children by a mortal woman, and settled them in a part of the island,
which I will describe.
 52

Neptune, Nettuno di Pietro Muttoni detto Della Vecchia, Museo Civico di Bassano
del Grappa. Public Domain. Wikimedia Commons.

Poseidon/Neptune/Azazael fell in love with a human woman, Cleito, and custom-built

a city around her house.

Looking towards the sea, but in the centre of the whole island, there was a
plain which is said to have been the fairest of all plains and very fertile.
Near the plain again, and also in the centre of the island at a distance of about
fifty stadia, there was a mountain not very high on any side. In this mountain
there dwelt one of the earth-born primeval men of that country, whose name
was Evenor, and he had a wife named Leucippe, and they had an only
daughter who was called Cleito. The maiden had already reached
womanhood, when her father and mother died; Poseidon fell in love with her
and had intercourse with her, and breaking the ground, inclosed the hill in
which she dwelt all round, making alternate zones of sea and land larger
and smaller, encircling one another; there were two of land and three of
 53

water, which he turned as with a lathe, each having its circumference

equidistant every way from the centre, so that no man could get to the island,
for ships and voyages were not as yet. He himself, being a god, found no
difficulty in making special arrangements for the centre island, bringing up
two springs of water from beneath the earth, one of warm water and the
other of cold, and making every variety of food to spring up abundantly from
the soil.

The pair then began to procreate and populate the island. They had ten sons and
divided the island into ten parts. These sons, according to Enoch, were giants.

He also begat and brought up five pairs of twin male children; and dividing
the island of Atlantis into ten portions, he gave to the first-born of the eldest
pair his mother’s dwelling and the surrounding allotment, which was the
largest and best, and made him king over the rest; the others he made princes,
and gave them rule over many men, and a large territory. And he named them
all; the eldest, who was the first king, he named Atlas, and after him the whole
island and the ocean were called Atlantic.

Atlas. Statua romana di Atlante (sec II d.C.). Già nella Collezione Farnese, oggi al
Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli. Wikimedia Commons. Public Domain.

Atlas, the firstborn, was the first king of Atlantis. The kingdom and the Atlantic
Ocean were named after him. There are many legends about the power and exploits of
Atlas in antiquity. He was a giant in every sense of the word.
 54

Plato continues describing the family tree.

To his twin brother, who was born after him, and obtained as his lot the
extremity of the island towards the pillars of Heracles, facing the country
which is now called the region of Gades in that part of the world, he gave the
name which in the Hellenic language is Eumelus, in the language of the
country which is named after him, Gadeirus.

Location map of Cádiz. Public Domain. Wikimedia Commons.

Cádiz (or Gades) is currently a port city in southwestern Spain, the capital of the
Province of the same name. Cádiz is the oldest continuously inhabited city in Western
Europe, with an archaeological history dating back at least 3100 years. The region
that it is situated in is Andalusia, an autonomous community covering the whole of
southern Spain, the southern region of the Iberian peninsula. It is east of Portugal and
the Atlantic Ocean, and north of the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar.
Cádiz is at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar, making it a very strategic area.
Andalusia is the only European region that bridges the Mediterranean and Atlantic
Ocean. In antiquity, the Western edge of the world was called Gaia. So, the Eastern
part of Atlantis belonged to Gadeirus.

Of the second pair of twins he called one Ampheres, and the other Evaemon.
To the elder of the third pair of twins he gave the name Mneseus, and
Autochthon to the one who followed him. Of the fourth pair of twins he called
the elder Elasippus, and the younger Mestor. And of the fifth pair he gave to
the elder the name of Azaes, and to the younger that of Diaprepes.
 55

Each of these pairs of twins received their own portion of the island Kingdom for
themselves and their descendants. The power of the descendants of these ten giants
was so strong that they conquered much of Europe and Africa too.

All these and their descendants for many generations were the inhabitants and
rulers of divers islands in the open sea; and also, as has been already said, they
held sway in our direction over the country within the pillars as far as Egypt
and Tyrrhenia. Now Atlas had a numerous and honourable family, and they
retained the kingdom, the eldest son handing it on to his eldest for many
generations; and they had such an amount of wealth as was never before
possessed by kings and potentates, and is not likely ever to be again, and they
were furnished with everything which they needed, both in the city and
country. For because of the greatness of their empire many things were
brought to them from foreign countries, and the island itself provided most of
what was required by them for the uses of life.

Atlantis was rich in natural resources.

In the first place, they dug out of the earth whatever was to be found there,
solid as well as fusile, and that which is now only a name and was then
something more than a name, orichalcum, was dug out of the earth in many
parts of the island, being more precious in those days than anything except
gold. There was an abundance of wood for carpenter’s work, and sufficient
maintenance for tame and wild animals.

The flora and fauna were plentiful, including elephants and diverse fruits.

Moreover, there were a great number of elephants in the island; for as there
was provision for all other sorts of animals, both for those which live in lakes
and marshes and rivers, and also for those which live in mountains and on
plains, so there was for the animal which is the largest and most voracious of
all. Also whatever fragrant things there now are in the earth, whether roots, or
herbage, or woods, or essences which distil from fruit and flower, grew and
thrived in that land; also the fruit which admits of cultivation, both the dry
sort, which is given us for nourishment and any other which we use for food—
we call them all by the common name of pulse, and the fruits having a hard
rind, affording drinks and meats and ointments, and good store of chestnuts
and the like, which furnish pleasure and amusement, and are fruits which spoil
with keeping, and the pleasant kinds of dessert, with which we console
ourselves after dinner, when we are tired of eating—all these that sacred island
which then beheld the light of the sun, brought forth fair and wondrous and in
infinite abundance.

They built temples, bridges, a royal palace, a canal, harbors and docks.

With such blessings the earth freely furnished them; meanwhile they went on
constructing their temples and palaces and harbours and docks. And they
arranged the whole country in the following manner:— First of all they
bridged over the zones of sea which surrounded the ancient metropolis,
making a road to and from the royal palace. And at the very beginning they
 56

built the palace in the habitation of the god and of their ancestors, which they
continued to ornament in successive generations, every king surpassing the
one who went before him to the utmost of his power, until they made the
building a marvel to behold for size and for beauty. And beginning from the
sea they bored a canal of three hundred feet in width and one hundred feet in
depth and fifty stadia in length, which they carried through to the outermost
zone, making a passage from the sea up to this, which became a harbour, and
leaving an opening sufficient to enable the largest vessels to find ingress.

Various zones were created for the land and sea.

Moreover, they divided at the bridges the zones of land which parted the
zones of sea, leaving room for a single trireme to pass out of one zone into
another, and they covered over the channels so as to leave a way underneath
for the ships; for the banks were raised considerably above the water. Now the
largest of the zones into which a passage was cut from the sea was three stadia
in breadth, and the zone of land which came next of equal breadth; but the
next two zones, the one of water, the other of land, were two stadia, and the
one which surrounded the central island was a stadium only in width.

Géza Maróti's plan of Atlantis mock-up (the palace). The original uploader was Jjdm
at Hungarian Wikipedia. - From János Gerle., Public Domain.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=21495889

The island that the palace was constructed on was customized in a very particular
way.

The island in which the palace was situated had a diameter of five stadia. All
this including the zones and the bridge, which was the sixth part of a stadium
in width, they surrounded by a stone wall on every side, placing towers and
gates on the bridges where the sea passed in. The stone which was used in
the work they quarried from underneath the centre island, and from
underneath the zones, on the outer as well as the inner side. One kind was
white, another black, and a third red, and as they quarried, they at the same
time hollowed out double docks, having roofs formed out of the native rock.
Some of their buildings were simple, but in others they put together different
stones, varying the colour to please the eye, and to be a natural source of
 57

delight. The entire circuit of the wall, which went round the outermost zone,
they covered with a coating of brass, and the circuit of the next wall they
coated with tin, and the third, which encompassed the citadel, flashed with the
red light of orichalcum.

The palace included a temple, covered in precious metals.

The palaces in the interior of the citadel were constructed on this wise:—In the
centre was a holy temple dedicated to Cleito and Poseidon, which remained
inaccessible, and was surrounded by an enclosure of gold; this was the spot
where the family of the ten princes first saw the light, and thither the people
annually brought the fruits of the earth in their season from all the ten
portions, to be an offering to each of the ten. Here was Poseidon’s own temple
which was a stadium in length, and half a stadium in width, and of a
proportionate height, having a strange barbaric appearance. All the outside of
the temple, with the exception of the pinnacles, they covered with silver, and
the pinnacles with gold. In the interior of the temple the roof was of ivory,
curiously wrought everywhere with gold and silver and orichalcum; and all
the other parts, the walls and pillars and floor, they coated with orichalcum. In
the temple they placed statues of gold: there was the god himself standing in a
chariot—the charioteer of six winged horses—and of such a size that he
touched the roof of the building with his head; around him there were a
hundred Nereids riding on dolphins, for such was thought to be the number of
them by the men of those days. There were also in the interior of the temple
other images which had been dedicated by private persons. And around the
temple on the outside were placed statues of gold of all the descendants of the
ten kings and of their wives, and there were many other great offerings of
kings and of private persons, coming both from the city itself and from the
foreign cities over which they held sway. There was an altar too, which in
size and workmanship corresponded to this magnificence, and the palaces, in
like manner, answered to the greatness of the kingdom and the glory of the
temple.

Cortege of marine deities, Nereids and centaurs. Panel of a Roman sarcophagus so-
called « Tombeau des Néréides » ("Tomb of Nereids"). Public Domain. Wikimedia
Commons.

They also created extensive fountains, cisterns, and aqueducts, with beautiful gardens,
groves and orchards, and even a racecourse and guardhouses.

In the next place, they had fountains, one of cold and another of hot water, in
gracious plenty flowing; and they were wonderfully adapted for use by reason
 58

of the pleasantness and excellence of their waters. They constructed buildings

about them and planted suitable trees, also they made cisterns, some open to
the heaven, others roofed over, to be used in winter as warm baths; there were
the kings’ baths, and the baths of private persons, which were kept apart; and
there were separate baths for women, and for horses and cattle, and to each of
them they gave as much adornment as was suitable. Of the water which ran off
they carried some to the grove of Poseidon, where were growing all manner of
trees of wonderful height and beauty, owing to the excellence of the soil,
while the remainder was conveyed by aqueducts along the bridges to the
outer circles; and there were many temples built and dedicated to many gods;
also gardens and places of exercise, some for men, and others for horses in
both of the two islands formed by the zones; and in the centre of the larger of
the two there was set apart a race-course of a stadium in width, and in length
allowed to extend all round the island, for horses to race in. Also there were
guard-houses at intervals for the guards, the more trusted of whom were
appointed to keep watch in the lesser zone, which was nearer the Acropolis;
while the most trusted of all had houses given them within the citadel, near the
persons of the kings.

There were three harbours that housed the navy and merchant ships.

The docks were full of triremes and naval stores, and all things were quite
ready for use. Enough of the plan of the royal palace. Leaving the palace and
passing out across the three harbours, you came to a wall which began at the
sea and went all round: this was everywhere distant fifty stadia from the
largest zone or harbour, and enclosed the whole, the ends meeting at the
mouth of the channel which led to the sea. The entire area was densely
crowded with habitations; and the canal and the largest of the harbours were
full of vessels and merchants coming from all parts, who, from their
numbers, kept up a multitudinous sound of human voices, and din and clatter
of all sorts night and day.

Plato’s account also describes the rest of the land.

I have described the city and the environs of the ancient palace nearly in the
words of Solon, and now I must endeavour to represent to you the nature and
arrangement of the rest of the land. The whole country was said by him to be
very lofty and precipitous on the side of the sea, but the country immediately
about and surrounding the city was a level plain, itself surrounded by
mountains which descended towards the sea; it was smooth and even, and of
an oblong shape, extending in one direction three thousand stadia, but across
the centre inland it was two thousand stadia. This part of the island looked
towards the south, and was sheltered from the north. The surrounding
mountains were celebrated for their number and size and beauty, far beyond
any which still exist, having in them also many wealthy villages of country
folk, and rivers, and lakes, and meadows supplying food enough for every
animal, wild or tame, and much wood of various sorts, abundant for each and
every kind of work.

Plato describes the plain and the circular ditch.

 59

I will now describe the plain, as it was fashioned by nature and by the labours
of many generations of kings through long ages. It was for the most part
rectangular and oblong, and where falling out of the straight line followed the
circular ditch. The depth, and width, and length of this ditch were incredible,
and gave the impression that a work of such extent, in addition to so many
others, could never have been artificial. Nevertheless I must say what I was
told. It was excavated to the depth of a hundred feet, and its breadth was a
stadium everywhere; it was carried round the whole of the plain, and was ten
thousand stadia in length. It received the streams which came down from the
mountains, and winding round the plain and meeting at the city, was there let
off into the sea. Further inland, likewise, straight canals of a hundred feet in
width were cut from it through the plain, and again let off into the ditch
leading to the sea: these canals were at intervals of a hundred stadia, and by
them they brought down the wood from the mountains to the city, and
conveyed the fruits of the earth in ships, cutting transverse passages from one
canal into another, and to the city. Twice in the year they gathered the fruits of
the earth—in winter having the benefit of the rains of heaven, and in summer
the water which the land supplied by introducing streams from the canals.

Plato describes the military of Atlantis.

As to the population, each of the lots in the plain had to find a leader for the
men who were fit for military service, and the size of a lot was a square of ten
stadia each way, and the total number of all the lots was sixty thousand. And
of the inhabitants of the mountains and of the rest of the country there was
also a vast multitude, which was distributed among the lots and had leaders
assigned to them according to their districts and villages. The leader was
required to furnish for the war the sixth portion of a war-chariot, so as to make
up a total of ten thousand chariots; also two horses and riders for them, and a
pair of chariot-horses without a seat, accompanied by a horseman who could
fight on foot carrying a small shield, and having a charioteer who stood behind
the man-at-arms to guide the two horses; also, he was bound to furnish two
heavy-armed soldiers, two archers, two slingers, three stone-shooters and three
javelin-men, who were light-armed, and four sailors to make up the
complement of twelve hundred ships. Such was the military order of the royal
city—the order of the other nine governments varied, and it would be
wearisome to recount their several differences.

Plato describes the legal system.

As to offices and honours, the following was the arrangement from the first.
Each of the ten kings in his own division and in his own city had the absolute
control of the citizens, and, in most cases, of the laws, punishing and slaying
whomsoever he would. Now the order of precedence among them and their
mutual relations were regulated by the commands of Poseidon which the law
had handed down. These were inscribed by the first kings on a pillar of
orichalcum, which was situated in the middle of the island, at the temple of
Poseidon, whither the kings were gathered together every fifth and every sixth
year alternately, thus giving equal honour to the odd and to the even number.
 60

And when they were gathered together they consulted about their common
interests, and enquired if any one had transgressed in anything, and passed
judgment, and before they passed judgment they gave their pledges to one
another on this wise…

Plato describes the punishment of the bulls

There were bulls who had the range of the temple of Poseidon; and the ten
kings, being left alone in the temple, after they had offered prayers to the god
that they might capture the victim which was acceptable to him, hunted the
bulls, without weapons, but with staves and nooses; and the bull which they
caught they led up to the pillar and cut its throat over the top of it so that the
blood fell upon the sacred inscription. Now on the pillar, besides the laws,
there was inscribed an oath invoking mighty curses on the disobedient. When
therefore, after slaying the bull in the accustomed manner, they had burnt its
limbs, they filled a bowl of wine and cast in a clot of blood for each of them;
the rest of the victim they put in the fire, after having purified the column all
round. Then they drew from the bowl in golden cups, and pouring a libation
on the fire, they swore that they would judge according to the laws on the
pillar, and would punish him who in any point had already transgressed them,
and that for the future they would not, if they could help, offend against the
writing on the pillar, and would neither command others, nor obey any ruler
who commanded them, to act otherwise than according to the laws of their
father Poseidon. This was the prayer which each of them offered up for
himself and for his descendants, at the same time drinking and dedicating the
cup out of which he drank in the temple of the god; and after they had supped
and satisfied their needs, when darkness came on, and the fire about the
sacrifice was cool, all of them put on most beautiful azure robes, and, sitting
on the ground, at night, over the embers of the sacrifices by which they had
sworn, and extinguishing all the fire about the temple, they received and gave
judgment, if any of them had an accusation to bring against any one; and when
they had given judgment, at daybreak they wrote down their sentences on a
golden tablet, and dedicated it together with their robes to be a memorial.

Plato describes the laws of the kings

There were many special laws affecting the several kings inscribed about the
temples, but the most important was the following: They were not to take up
arms against one another, and they were all to come to the rescue if any one in
any of their cities attempted to overthrow the royal house; like their ancestors,
they were to deliberate in common about war and other matters, giving the
supremacy to the descendants of Atlas. And the king was not to have the
power of life and death over any of his kinsmen unless he had the assent of the
majority of the ten.

The success of Atlantis was significant.

Such was the vast power which the god settled in the lost island of Atlantis;
and this he afterwards directed against our land for the following reasons, as
tradition tells: For many generations, as long as the divine nature lasted in
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them, they were obedient to the laws, and well-affectioned towards the god,
whose seed they were; for they possessed true and in every way great spirits,
uniting gentleness with wisdom in the various chances of life, and in their
intercourse with one another. They despised everything but virtue, caring little
for their present state of life, and thinking lightly of the possession of gold and
other property, which seemed only a burden to them; neither were they
intoxicated by luxury; nor did wealth deprive them of their self-control; but
they were sober, and saw clearly that all these goods are increased by virtue
and friendship with one another, whereas by too great regard and respect for
them, they are lost and friendship with them.

The decline of Atlantis, however, was inevitable.

By such reflections and by the continuance in them of a divine nature, the

qualities which we have described grew and increased among them; but when
the divine portion began to fade away, and became diluted too often and too
much with the mortal admixture, and the human nature got the upper hand,
they then, being unable to bear their fortune, behaved unseemly, and to him
who had an eye to see grew visibly debased, for they were losing the fairest of
their precious gifts; but to those who had no eye to see the true happiness, they
appeared glorious and blessed at the very time when they were full of avarice
and unrighteous power.

The fall of Atlantis soon followed.

Zeus, the god of gods, who rules according to law, and is able to see into such
things, perceiving that an honourable race was in a woeful plight, and wanting
to inflict punishment on them, that they might be chastened and improve,
collected all the gods into their most holy habitation, which, being placed in
the centre of the world, beholds all created things. And when he had called
them together, he spake as follows— [The rest of the Dialogue of Critias has
been lost.]

Zeus/Vulcan/Gadreel/Satan was the founder of Athens, the Kingdom that defeated the
Atlanteans and established the Kingdom of Egypt. Let us now examine the Kingdom
of Egypt from a somewhat different perspective.
 62

The Giants of Egypt

Not many people realize that the first three great founding Egyptian dynasties were
pre-flood. Most of their leaders were contemporaries of Noah (3190 to 2240 BC) and
are portrayed as giants, as described in the Book of 1 Enoch. In the 1st Dynasty (3218
to 3035 BC) we have two important figures.

Not much is known for sure about the historical figure that we call the Scorpion King.
He ruled upper Egypt until around 3100 and his descendants that ruled a unified
Egypt were all giants. He was probably a contemporary of Jared, Methuselah, Lamech
and Noah, but not Enoch. He was certainly the first great leader of the giants and he
may have built some of the early pyramids.

In this photo of The Scorpion Macehead in the Ashmolean Museum the Scorpion
King is represented as a giant with all the humans around him seeming to be midgets.
Their beards indicate very clearly that they are not children. The Mummy and the
Scorpion King movies that we see have him as large and muscular (thanks to Dwayne
‘The Rock’ Johnson), but not a giant.

"Scorpion Macehead" by Jon Bodsworth. Public Domain.

Licensed under Copyrighted free use via Wikimedia Commons.

In these images from the The Narmer Palette, Narmer, the first ruler of a unified
Egypt is portrayed as a giant that is served by men with beards that are tiny in stature
compared to him. Some scholars believe that Narmer was the Scorpion King and the
figure on the left certainly looks the same as the Scorpion King on the Scorpion
Macehead, as both wear the White Crown of Upper Egypt.
 63

"Narmer Palette" by Unknown. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia

Commons.

Four colossal statues of Ramesses II flank the entrance of his temple Abu Simbel.
Notice the size of the people pictured below the knees.

"SFEC EGYPT ABUSIMBEL 2006-003" by Steve F-E-Cameron (Merlin-UK) –

Own work (Self Photograph). Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia
Commons.
 64

Measuring and recording the harvest is shown in a wall painting in the tomb of
Menna, at Thebes, Egypt (Eighteenth dynasty). "Measure and Harvest005" by Alma
E. Guinness - Reader's Digest: Mysteries of the Bible: The Enduring Question of the
Scriptures". Pleasantville, New York/Montreal. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via
Wikimedia Commons.

The tomb relief below depicts workers plowing the fields, harvesting the crops, and
threshing the grain under the direction of an overseer in a painting in the tomb of
Nakht. Notice the size of the overseer compared to the workers. It’s no wonder the
Egyptian leadership were able to control so many slaves. If my slave-driver was a
giant, I would also be terrified and work very hard for fear of my life.

"Tomb of Nakht (2)" by Norman de Garis Davies, Nina Davies (2-dimensional 1 to 1

Copy of an 15th century BC Picture) - Matthias Seidel, Abdel Ghaffar Shedid: Das
Grab des Nacht. Kunst und Geschichte eines Beamtengrabes der 18. Dynastie in
Theben-West, von Zabern, Mainz 1991 ISBN 3805313322. Licensed under Public
Domain via Wikimedia Commons.
 65

The Book of the Dead was a guide to the deceased's journey in the afterlife. Notice
the difference in size between the people above and the people below.

"BD Hunefer" by unknown Egyptian artisan - Jon Bodsworth (photographer).

Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons.

In this relief of an Egyptian chariot notice the difference in size between the rider and
the foot soldier.

"Egyptian-Chariot" by Joseph Bonomi - Scanned from Nineveh and Its Palaces, by

Joseph Bonomi, figure 108. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons.
 66

The Sea People

The Sea Peoples are a confederation of seafaring nations that attacked the Eastern
Mediteranean, including Egypt and Athens, around 1200 – 900 BC, according to
archaeologists, during the Late Bronze Age.

This famous scene from the north wall of Medinet Habu is often used to illustrate the
Egyptian campaign against the Sea Peoples in what has come to be known as the
Battle of the Delta. Whilst accompanying hieroglyphs do not name Egypt's enemies,
describing them simply as being from "northern countries", early scholars noted the
similarities between the hairstyles and accessories worn by the combatants and other
reliefs in which such groups are named. Public Domain. Wikimedia Commons.

Evidence of the Sea Peoples comes from the Egyptian Kadesh Inscriptions of
Ramasses II (c. 1210 BC), the Great Karnak Inscription and Athribis Stele of
Merneptah (c. 1200 BC), Medinet Habu, Papyrus Harris I and Rhetorical Stela of
Ramesses III (c. 1150 BC), and the Onomasticon (c. 1100 BC).

Who the Sea People were is a mystery to most experts in the field, though numerous
theories have been proposed. One possibility that has not been explored is the
Kingdom of Atlantis. If the Sea People were Atlanteans, then we have actual
illustrations of what they looked like from Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics.
 67

Champollion's notes of the peoples named on the base of the Fortified East Gate at
Medinet Habu. A partial description of the hieroglyphic text at Medinet Habu on the
right tower of Second Pylon (left), and an illustration of the prisoners depicted at the
base of the Fortified East Gate (right), were first provided by Jean-François
Champollion following his 1828–29 travels to Egypt and published posthumously.
Although Champollion did not label them, decades later the hieroglyphs labelled 4 to
8 (left) were translated as Peleset, Tjeker, Shekelesh, Denyen and Weshesh, and the
hieroglyphs next to prisoners 4 and 6 (right) translated as Sherden and Teresh. Public
Domain. Wikimedia Commons.
 68

The Great Flood

The details of the Great Flood have been covered in many books. This book will not
cover the same material, but a few Jewish texts give a fitting conclusion to describing
the world before the Great Flood.

The Book of Genesis is the best-known account.

6:5 When the Lord saw that human wickedness was widespread on the earth
and that every inclination of the human mind was nothing but evil all the time,
6 the Lord regretted that he had made man on the earth, and he was deeply
grieved. 7 Then the Lord said, “I will wipe mankind, whom I created, off the
face of the earth, together with the animals, creatures that crawl, and birds of
the sky - for I regret that I made them.” 8 Noah, however, found favor with the
Lord. God Warns Noah 9 These are the family records of Noah. Noah was a
righteous man, blameless among his contemporaries; Noah walked with God.
10 And Noah fathered three sons: Shem, Ham, and Japheth. 11 Now the earth
was corrupt in God’s sight, and the earth was filled with wickedness. 12 God
saw how corrupt the earth was, for every creature had corrupted its way on the
earth. 13 Then God said to Noah, “I have decided to put an end to every
creature, for the earth is filled with wickedness because of them; therefore I
am going to destroy them along with the earth. 14 “Make yourself an ark of
gopher wood. Make rooms in the ark, and cover it with pitch inside and
outside. 15 This is how you are to make it: The ark will be 450 feet long, 75
feet wide, and 45 feet high. 16 You are to make a roof, finishing the sides of
the ark to within eighteen inches of the roof. You are to put a door in the side
of the ark. Make it with lower, middle, and upper decks. 17 “Understand that I
am bringing a flood - floodwaters on the earth to destroy every creature under
heaven with the breath of life in it. Everything on earth will perish. 18 But I
will establish my covenant with you, and you will enter the ark with your
sons, your wife, and your sons’ wives. 19 You are also to bring into the ark
two of all the living creatures, male and female, to keep them alive with you.
20 Two of everything - from the birds according to their kinds, from the
livestock according to their kinds, and from the animals that crawl on the
ground according to their kinds - will come to you so that you can keep them
alive. 21 Take with you every kind of food that is eaten; gather it as food for
you and for them.” 22 And Noah did this. He did everything that God had
commanded him 7:1 Then the Lord said to Noah, “Enter the ark, you and all
your household, for I have seen that you alone are righteous before me in this
generation. 2 You are to take with you seven pairs, a male and its female, of
all the clean animals, and two of the animals that are not clean, a male and its
female, 3 and seven pairs, male and female, of the birds of the sky - in order to
keep offspring alive throughout the earth. 4 Seven days from now I will make
it rain on the earth forty days and forty nights, and every living thing I have
made I will wipe off the face of the earth.” 5 And Noah did everything that the
Lord commanded him. 6 Noah was six hundred years old when the flood came
and water covered the earth. 7 So Noah, his sons, his wife, and his sons’ wives
entered the ark because of the floodwaters. 8 From the clean animals, unclean
animals, birds, and every creature that crawls on the ground, 9 two of each,
male and female, came to Noah and entered the ark, just as God had
 69

commanded him. 10 Seven days later the floodwaters came on the earth. (Gen
6:5 – 7:10, CSB)

The Book of 1 Enoch also describes this point in history.

65:1 In those days Noah saw that the earth had tilted and its destruction was
near. 2 And he set out from there and went to the ends of the earth and cried to
his great-grandfather, Enoch. And Noah said three times with a bitter voice,
“Hear me, hear me, hear me.” 4 And after that there was great quaking upon
the earth, and a voice was heard from heaven, and I fell on my face. 5 And
Enoch my great-grandfather came and stood by me and said to me, “Why have
you cried to me with bitter cry and lamentation?” 3 I said to him, “Tell me
what is happening upon the earth, that the earth staggers so and shakes, lest I
perish with it.” 9 And after this, my great-grandfather Enoch took me by my
hand and raised me up and said to me, “Go, for I have asked the Lord of
Spirits about the quaking upon the earth. 6 “A command has gone forth from
the presence of the Lord against the inhabitants of the earth, that their end is
accomplished, for they have learned all the secrets of the angels and all the
violence of the satans, and all their powers, the hidden secrets and all the
powers of those who practice sorcery, and the powers of brightly colored
garments, and the powers of those who cast molten images for all the earth. 7
And how silver is produced from the dust of the earth and how soft metal is
poured out on the earth. 8 For lead and tin are not produced from the earth like
the former; there is a fountain that produces them, and an angel stands in it,
and the angel is preeminent.” 10 And he said to me, “Because of their iniquity,
their judgment has been accomplished and will not be withheld in my
presence; because of the sorceries that they have searched out and learned, the
earth will be destroyed, and those who dwell on it. 11 And these will never
have a place of refuge forever, for they have shown them what is hidden, and
they are judged. But as for you, my son, the Lord of Spirits knows that you are
pure and blameless of this reproach concerning the mysteries. 12 And he has
established your name among the holy ones, and he will preserve you from
among those who dwell on the earth, And he has established your righteous
seed to be kings and for great honors. And from your seed there will flow a
fountain of the righteous and the holy, and they will be without number
forever.” 66:1 And after this, he showed me the angels of punishment, who are
ready to go forth and let loose all the power of the water that is beneath the
earth, that it might be for the judgment and destruction of all who reside and
dwell on the earth. 2 And the Lord of Spirits commanded the angels who were
going forth, that they not raise their hands, but that they keep watch; for these
angels were in charge of the power of the waters. 3 And I went forth from the
presence of Enoch. (1 Enoch 65:1 – 66:3, Hermeneia)

Jubilees places this event in its historical context.

5:5 He [God] was pleased with Noah alone. 5:6 Against his angels whom he
had sent to the earth he was angry enough to uproot them from all their
positions of authority. He told us to tie them up in the depths of the earth;
now they are tied within them and are alone. 5:7 Regarding their children
there went out from his presence an order to strike them with the sword and to
 70

remove them from beneath the sky. 5:8 He said: ‘My spirit will not remain on
people forever for they are flesh. Their lifespan is to be 120 years’. 5:9 He
sent his sword among them so that they would kill one another. They began to
kill each other until all of them fell by the sword and were obliterated from the
earth. 5:10 Now their fathers were watching, but afterwards they were tied up
in the depths of the earth until the great day of judgment when there will be
condemnation on all who have corrupted their ways and their actions before
the Lord. 5:11 He obliterated all from their places; there remained no one of
them whom he did not judge for all their wickedness. 5:12 He made a new
and righteous nature for all his creatures so that they would not sin with their
whole nature until eternity. Everyone will be righteous—each according to
his kind—for all time. 5:13 The judgment of them all has been ordained and
written on the heavenly tablets; there is no injustice. As for all who transgress
from their way in which it was ordained for them to go—if they do not go in
it, judgment has been written down for each creature and for each kind. 5:14
There is nothing which is in heaven or on the earth, in the light, the darkness,
Sheol, the deep, or in the dark place—all their judgments have been ordained,
written, and inscribed. 5:15 He will exercise judgment regarding each
person—the great one in accord with his greatness and the small one in accord
with his smallness—each one in accord with his way. 5:16 He is not one who
shows favoritism nor one who takes a bribe, if he says he will execute
judgment against each person. If a person gave everything on earth he would
not show favoritism nor would he accept it from him because he is the
righteous judge. 5:17 Regarding the Israelites it has been written and ordained:
‘If they turn to him in the right way, he will forgive all their wickedness and
will pardon all their sins’. 5:18 It has been written and ordained that he will
have mercy on all who turn from all their errors once each year. 5:19 To all
who corrupted their ways and their plan(s) before the flood no favor was
shown except to Noah alone because favor was shown to him for the sake of
his children whom he saved from the flood waters for his sake because his
mind was righteous in all his ways, as it had been commanded concerning
him. He did not transgress from anything that had been ordained for him. 5:20
The Lord said that he would obliterate everything on the land—from the
people to cattle, animals, birds, and whatever moves about on the ground. 5:21
He ordered Noah to make himself an ark in order to save himself from the
flood waters. 5:22 Noah made an ark in every respect as he had ordered him
during the twenty-seventh jubilee of years, in the fifth week, during its fifth
year [1307]. 5:23 He entered it during its sixth year [1308], in the second
month—on the first of the second month until the sixteenth. He and all that
we brought to him entered the ark. The Lord closed it from outside on the
seventeenth in the evening. (Jubilees 5:5-23, Hermeneia)
So, this is the story of the world before the Great Flood.
 71

Bibliography

CSB (2017). Christian Standard Bible. Holman Publishers.

Jowlett, B. (1885). The Complete Works of Plato. University Press.

Nickelsburg, G. W., & VanderKam, J. C. (2012). First Enoch. Hermeneia, Fortress

Press.

Northcote, J. (2004) ‘The schematic development of Old Testament Chronography:

Towards an integrated model’. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, 29 (1). pp.
3-36.

Papamarinopoulos, S. P. (2008). ‘Atlantis in Homer & Other Authors Prior to Plato’.

Science and Technology in Homeric Epics (pp. 469-508). Springer Netherlands.

VanderKam, J. C. (2018). Jubilees. Hermeneia, Fortress Press.