Artı́culos Cientı́ficos

Kevin B. Caiza. Y
Diseño Electrónico
Tarea 1
Profesor: Ing. David Rivas
19 de octubre de 2018

1. Google Scholar
1.1. Instrumentation in sports biomechanics
Sports biomechanics uses a number of instrumentation techniques and tools for the
analysis of various physical and sports activities, and also for the development of new
sports materials and equipment. However, the tools used today are based on a theore-
tical body of knowledge by the so-called “forerunners of biomechanics”, including Aris-
totle, Da Vinci, Galileo, Descartes, Borelli, and Newton. This paper presents a number
of instrumental techniques which provide and assess relevant information in physical
and sports performance, and also help to reduce sports-related injuries. Amongst the
main instrumental techniques and tools, this paper lists those used for kinematic and
kinetic analysis, such as chronoscopes (and other tools related to their usage, such
as photocells, microphones and contact platforms). Also, mention is made of various
instrumental techniques, such as photogrammetry and cinematography (photography
and video cameras, cineradiography and magnetic resonance), electrogoniometry, elec-
tromyography, dynamography (load cells and dynamometric platform), accelerometry,
electrodynography, pressurometry (pressure platforms/mats and instrumented insoles),
and, finally, modelling and simulation techniques (MEF and CFD). [1]

1.2. Validity and reliability of the laser sensor of BioLaserSport

R system
for the analysis of the running velocity
Speed running analysis using laser sensors allows to obtain data in real-time showing
an advantage compared with other systems. The objective of this study was to assess
the validity and reliability of the laser sensor of the BioLaserSport system for the calcu-
lation of mean and maximum velocities using relative and absolute statistics tools. The
participants were 17 men (20.85 1.54 years). A laser sensor type 1 (LDM301, Jenoptik,
Germany) was used to record positions of the subjects to 2000 Hz. The data were analy-
zed using DSL- 30 routine created with DasyLab v.10.0. A Photogrammetry-2D system
with a high-speed camera (Exilim High Speed EX-F1, Casio) and SkillSpector v.1.3.2.
(Video4coach, Grubbemollevej) and a reference system 4 x 2 m2 was used. Furthermo-
re, a double photocell (Polifemo Light, Microgate, Italy) with an electronic stopwatch

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(Microgate, Italy) Racetime2 was used. Three series of 30 m sprint were recorded du-
ring two days. The results indicated that the laser sensor provided differences in mean
and maximum velocities of -0.11 m•s- 1 and 0.14 m•s-1, respectively. The correlation
coefficients were higher than 0.86 in relation to photogrammetry and higher than 0.92
in relation to photo-cells. The laser system showed an excellent test-retest reliability for
mean velocities with a coefficient of correlation intraclass (ICC) between 0.7-0.9. The
standard error of the mean (SEM and SEM %), intra-session e inter-session, were lower
than, 0.05 m•s-1 and 0.12 m•s-1, respectively, and in both cases less than 0.75 % and
2 %, respectively . In relation to maximum velocities, the values were lower than 0.10
m•s-1 and 0.17 m•s-1, respectively, and in both cases less than 1.36 % and 1,89 %. The
minimum detectable change (MDC and MDC %) intra-session, for both variables, was
lower than 0.14 m•s-1 and 0.29 m•s-1, respectively, (¡2.09 % y ¡3.76 %). In relation to
inter-session, the values were lower than 0.34 m•s-1 and 0.47 m•s-1 (¡5.56 % y ¡5.25 %),
respectively. Therefore, the laser system was a useful tool to analyze the evolution of the
intra-subject and inter-subject velocity in a 30 m sprint running. Moreover, it provides
results in real time, although assessing performance improvements must be considered
the SEM, SEM %, MDC and MDC % values. [2]

2. Scopus
2.1. Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Trabecular Bone
Trabecular bone is a highly porous, heterogeneous, and anisotropic material which
can be found at the epiphyses of long bones and in the vertebral bodies. Studying
the mechanical properties of trabecular bone is important, since trabecular bone is the
main load bearing bone in vertebral bodies and also transfers the load from joints to
the compact bone of the cortex of long bones. This review article highlights the high
dependency of the mechanical properties of trabecular bone on species, age, anatomic
site, loading direction, and size of the sample under consideration. In recent years,
high resolution micro finite element methods have been extensively used to specifically
address the mechanical properties of the trabecular bone and provide unique tools to
interpret and model the mechanical testing experiments. The aims of the current work
are to first review the mechanobiology of trabecular bone and then present classical
and new approaches for modeling and analyzing the trabecular bone microstructure
and macrostructure and corresponding mechanical properties such as elastic properties
and strength. [3]

2.2. The Effect of the Mulligan Knee Taping Technique on Patellofemoral

Pain and Lower Limb Biomechanics
Patellofemoral pain (PFP) affects 25 % of the general population, occurring 2 times
more often in females compared with males. Taping is a valuable component of the ma-
nagement plan for altering lower limb biomechanics and providing pain relief; however,

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the effects of alternative taping techniques, such as Mulligan knee taping, appear yet to
be researched. To determine whether the Mulligan knee taping technique altered levels
of perceived knee pain and lower limb biomechanics during a single-legged squat (SLSq)
in adult females with PFP. Controlled laboratory study. A total of 20 female patients
with PFP, aged 18 to 35 years, participated in this study. Participants performed 3 to
5 SLSq on their most symptomatic limb during a taped (Mulligan knee taping tech-
nique) and nontaped (control) condition. During the eccentric phase of the SLSq, the
3-dimensional kinematics (250 Hz) of the knee and hip and the ground-reaction forces
(1000 Hz) and muscle activation patterns (1000 Hz) of the gluteus medius, vastus la-
teralis, and vastus medialis oblique were measured. Participants’ perceived maximum
knee pain was also recorded after the completion of each squat. Between-condition diffe-
rences were found for hip kinematics and gluteus medius activation but not for kinetics
or vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis muscle activity (timing and activation).
Compared with the nontaped condition, the Mulligan knee taping technique signifi-
cantly (P = .001) reduced perceived pain during the SLSq (mean 6 SD: 2.29 6 1.79 and
1.29 6 1.28, respectively). In the taped condition compared with the control, the onset
timing of the gluteus medius occurred significantly earlier (120.6 6 113.0 and 156.6 6
91.6 ms, respectively; P = .023) and peak hip internal rotation was significantly reduced
(6.38 6 7.31 and 8.34 6 7.92, respectively; P = .002). The Mulligan knee taping tech-
nique successfully reduced knee pain in participants with PFP. This is the first study
to establish a link between Mulligan knee taping and the reduction of PFP in conjun-
ction with decreased hip internal rotation and earlier activation of gluteus medius. The
Mulligan knee taping technique may benefit the clinical environment by providing an
alternative evidence-based treatment plan for PFP. [4]

3. Springer Link
3.1. Exploring output-based coverage for testing PHP web applications
In software testing, different testers focus on different aspects of the software such as
functionality, performance, design, and other attributes. While many tools and coverage
metrics exist to support testers at the code level, not much support is targeted for testers
who want to inspect the output of a program such as a dynamic web application.
To support this category of testers, we propose a family of output-coverage metrics
(similar to statement, branch, and path coverage metrics on code) that measure how
much of the possible output has been produced by a test suite and what parts of the
output are still uncovered. To do that, we first approximate the output universe using
our existing symbolic execution technique. Then, given a set of test cases, we map
the produced outputs onto the output universe to identify the covered and uncovered
parts and compute output-coverage metrics. In our empirical evaluation on seven real-
world PHP web applications, we show that selecting test cases by output coverage is
more effective at identifying presentation faults such as HTML validation errors and
spelling errors than selecting test cases by traditional code coverage. In addition, to

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help testers understand output coverage and augment test cases, we also develop a tool
called WebTest that displays the output universe in one single web page and allows
testers to visually explore covered and uncovered parts of the output. [5]

3.2. Optimizing the deployment of tree-shaped functional graphs of real-

time system on distributed architectures
Recent development methodologies from the industry and the academia for complex
real-time systems define a stage in which system functions are deployed onto an execu-
tion platform. The deployment consists of the placement of functions on a distributed
network of nodes, the partitioning of functions in tasks and the scheduling of tasks and
messages. In this paper, we present two approaches towards the efficient deployment of
realistic and complex real-time systems by considering tree-shaped functional models.
A formal approach to compute optimal deployment and a heuristic approach to scale to
industry-size systems. The approaches consider placement, partitioning and scheduling,
and are based on mixed integer linear programming (MILP) technique. Furthermore,
we present a deep evaluation of the proposed deployment approaches to show the be-
nefits and limits of a MILP-based deployment approach. A set of synthetic use-cases as
well as a real-life automotive system are used to assess the quality and scalability of our
deployment approaches. Considering use-cases, we show an added value with respect to
end-to-end latencies optimization when solving the three stages of the deployment pro-
blem at the same time. This is done by comparing the quality of the solutions obtained
with our techniques to those returned by the existing approaches. [6]

4. SJR
4.1. Structural and Optical Properties of Luminescent Copper(I) Chloride
Thin Films Deposited by Sequentially Pulsed Chemical Vapour Depo-
sition
Sequentially pulsed chemical vapour deposition was used to successfully deposit thin
nanocrystalline films of copper(I) chloride using an atomic layer deposition system in
order to investigate their application to UV optoelectronics. The films were deposited
at 125 C using [Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene](hexafluoroacetylacetonato)copper(I) as a
Cu precursor and pyridine hydrochloride as a new Cl precursor. The films were analy-
sed by XRD, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), SEM, photoluminescence, and
spectroscopic reflectance. Capping layers of aluminium oxide were deposited in situ by
ALD (atomic layer deposition) to avoid environmental degradation. The film adopted
a polycrystalline zinc blende-structure. The main contaminants were found to be orga-
nic materials from the precursor. Photoluminescence showed the characteristic free and
bound exciton emissions from CuCl and the characteristic exciton absorption peaks
could also be detected by reflectance measurements. [7]

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4.2. Properties of Novel Non-Silicon Materials for Photovoltaic Applica-
tions: A First-Principle Insight
Due to the low absorption coefficients of crystalline silicon-based solar cells, resear-
chers have focused on non-silicon semiconductors with direct band gaps for the deve-
lopment of novel photovoltaic devices. In this study, we use density functional theory
to model the electronic structure of a large database of candidates to identify materials
with ideal properties for photovoltaic applications. The first screening is operated at
the GGA level to select only materials with a sufficiently small direct band gap. We
extracted twenty-seven candidates from an initial population of thousands, exhibiting
GGA band gap in the range 0.5–1 eV. More accurate calculations using a hybrid functio-
nal were performed on this subset. Based on this, we present a detailed first-principle
investigation of the four optimal compounds, namely, TlBiS2, Ba3BiN, Ag2BaS2, and
ZrSO. The direct band gap of these materials is between 1.1 and 2.26 eV. In the visible
region, the absorption peaks that appear in the optical spectra for these compounds
indicate high absorption intensity. Furthermore, we have investigated the structural
and mechanical stability of these compounds and calculated electron effective masses.
Based on in-depth analysis, we have identified TlBiS2, Ba3BiN, Ag2BaS2, and ZrSO
as very promising candidates for photovoltaic applications. [8]

5. Referencias
1. Pérez-Soriano, P. y Llana Belloch, S. Journal of human sport and exercise, Vol. 2,
no. 2 (July 2007) 2007.
2. Ferro, A.; Florı́a, P.; Villacieros, J. y Aguado Gómez, R. RICYDE. Revista inter-
nacional de ciencias del deporte 2012.
3. Oftadeh, R.; Perez-Viloria, M.; Villa-Camacho, J. C.; Vaziri, A. y Nazarian, A.
Journal of biomechanical engineering 2015, 137, 010802.
4. Hickey, A.; Hopper, D.; Hall, T. y Wild, C. Y. The American journal of sports
medicine 2016, 44, 1179-1185.
5. Nguyen, H. V.; Phan, H. D.; Kästner, C. y Nguyen, T. N. Automated Software
Engineering 2018, DOI: 10.1007/s10515-018-0246-5.
6. Mehiaoui, A.; Wozniak, E.; Babau, J.-P.; Tucci-Piergiovanni, S. y Mraidha, C. Au-
tomated Software Engineering 2018, DOI: 10.1007/s10515-018-0244-7.
7. Krumpolec R.; Homola, T. Coatings 2018, 8, 369.
8. Rasukkannu M.; Velauthapillai, D. Materials 2018, 11, 157.