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Web Forms are the one of best feature of ASP.NET. Web Forms are the User Interface (UI)
elements that give your Web applications their look and feel. Web Forms are similar to Windows
Forms in that they provide properties, methods,and events for the controls that are placed onto
them.However these UI elements render themselves in the appropriate markup language required
by the request, e.g. HTML. If you use Microsoft Visual Studio .NET, you will also get the
familiar drag-and-drop interface used to create your UI for your Web application.

   

State Server is used for handling sessions in a web farm. In a web farm, make sure you have the
same in all your webservers.Also, make sure your objects are serializable. For session state to be
maintained across different web servers in the web farm, the Application Path of the website (For
example \LM\W3SVC\2) in the IIS Metabase should be identical in all the web servers in the
web farm

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Web.config file, as it sounds like is a configuration file for the Asp .net web application. An Asp
.net application has one web.config file which keeps the configurations required for the
corresponding application. Web.config file is written in XML with specific tags having specific
meanings.

We have Machine.config file also. As web.config file is used to configure one asp .net web
application, same way Machine.config file is used to configure

the application according to a particular machine. That is, configuration done in machine.config
file is affected on any application that runs on a particular machine. Usually, this file is not
altered and only web.config is used which configuring applications.

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Web application consists of document and code pages in various formats. The simplest kind of
document is a static HTML page, which contains information that will be formatted and
displayed by a Web browser. An HTML page may also contain hyperlinks to other HTML
pages.A hyperlink(or just link) contains an address,or a Uniform Resource Locator (URL),
specifying where the target document is located. The resulting combination of content and links
is so metimes called hypertext and provides easy navigation to a vast amount of information on
the World Wide Web.

 !

1. Click ÿStartÿsettingsÿcontrol Panel ÿAdministrative Toolsÿinternet information servicesÿ

2. Expand Internet Information Server.

3. Expand the server name.

4. In the left pane, right-click Default Web Site, point to New, and then click Virtual Directory.

5. In the first screen of the New Virtual Directory Wizard, type an alias, or name, for the virtual
directory (SiteName), and then click Next.

6. In the second screen, click Browse. Locate the content folder that you created to hold the Web
content. Click Next.

7. In the third screen, click to select Read and Run scripts (such as ASP). Make sure that the
other check boxes are cleared. Click Finish to complete the wizard.

 ! 

View State are valid mainly during postbacks and information is stored in client only. Viewstate
are valid for serializable data only. Moreover Viewstate are not secured as data is exposed to
client. although we can configure page directive and machine key to make view state encrypted.
Where in case of session this is user specific data that is stored in server memory . Session state
is valid for any type of objects. We can take help of session through different web pages also.

" #

View state is page specific; it contains information about controls embedded on the particular
page. ASP.NET 2.0 resolves this by embedding a hidden input field name,__POSTBACK . This
field is embedded only when there is an IButtonControl on the page and its PostBackUrl
property is set to a non-null value. This field contains the view state information of the poster
page. To access the view state of the poster page, you can use the new PreviousPag
e property of the page: Page poster = this.PreviousPage;
 $
This is the syntax for creating a cookies.

HttpCookie SiteCookies = new HttpCookie("UserInfo");

SiteCookies["UserName"] = "Pervej";

SiteCookies["sitename"] = "dotnetRed";

SiteCookies["Expire"] = "5 Days";

SiteCookies= DateTime.Now.AddDays(5);

Response.Cookies.Add(SiteCookies);

Now syntax to remove this cookie:-

HttpCookie SiteCookies= new HttpCookie("UserInfo");

siteCookies= DateTime.Now.A

ddDays(-1);

Response.Cookies.AddSiteCookies



if we have two diffrent language class in asp.net 2.0 then simply we have to make a two folder in
asp.net one for vb and another for csharp.one another think to do entry in web.config for this.

 %&$ '

varchar(50) means 50 bytes = 50*8 = 400 bits

1 bytes = 8 bits

each character use 1 bytes

so "dotnet" use 5 bytes = 5*8 = 40 bits in memory

 ( 
An ASP.NET control (sometimes called a server control) is a server-side component that is
shipped with .NET Framework.A server control is a compiled DLL file and cannot be edited. It
can, however, be manipulated through its public properties at design-time or runtime. It is
possible to build a custom server control (sometimes called a customcontrol or composite
control). (We will build these in part 2 of this article).

In contrast, a user cotrol will consist of previously built server controls (called constituent
controls when used within a user control). It has an interface that can be completely edited and
changed. It can be manipulated at design-time and runtime via properties that you are responsible
for creating. While there will be a multitude of controls for every possible function built by third-
party vendors for ASP.NET, they will exist in the form of compiled server controls, as
mentioned above. Custom server controls may be the .NET answer to ActiveX Web controls.

  !

No view are only virtual table so cannot update table.



1)Positive test cases (correct data, correct output).

2)Negative test cases (broken or missing data,proper handling).

3)Exception test cases (exceptions are thrown and caught properly).


 

/Declare

protected System.Web.UI.HtmlControls.HtmlGenericControl Title1 ;

//In Page_Load

Title1.InnerText ="Page 1" ;

$   

DateTime date1 = DateTime.Parse("11/24/2003");
DateTime date2 = DateTime.Parse("06/28/2003"); TimeSpan ts = new TimeSpan (date1.Ticks -
date2.Ticks);

Response.Write(ts.TotalDays.ToString () + "
");

Response.Write(ts.TotalHours.ToString() + ":" + ts.TotalMinutes.ToString() + ":" +

ts.TotalSeconds.ToString() + ":" + ts.TotalMilliseconds.ToString() );


A thread is just a unit for that unit processor time is being allocated by operating system. It is
also possible that there may be more then one thread in single App domain.Every App domain
starts with single thread but can do to multiple domain.There are mainly two types of thread one
is pre-emptive,Non-preemptive thread.

pre-emptive:-In this thread all things done by operating system which to run and which to not.

Non-preemptive:- Here is s equence is quite opposite after one thread is done thread then call to
other thread.

    

  )
System.String is immutable; System.StringBuilder was designed with the purpose of having a
mutable string where a variety of operations can be performed.

  *+# 

Yes we can saw the textual plan in SQL by just "set showplan_text on" after doing this we will
saw the textual plan in past we will use "SHOWPLAN" the syntax is quite simple

set showplan_text on

select * from tablename


Differneces between Single Call & Singleton. Single Call objects service one and only one
request coming in. Single Callobjects are useful in scenarios where the objects are required to do
afinite amount of work. Single Call objects are usually not required tostore state information, and
they cannot hold state information betweenmethod calls. However, Single Call objects can be
configured in aload-balanced fashion.Singleton objects are those objects that service multiple
clients and henceshare data by storing state information between client invocations. Theyare
useful in cases in which data needs to be shared explicitly betweenclients and also in which the
overhead of creating and maintaining objectsis substantial.

  

. Purpose :

Shadowing : Protecting against a subsequent base class modification introducing a member you
have already defined in your derived class

Overriding : Achieving polymorphism by defining a different implementation of a procedure or

property with the same calling sequence

2.Redefined element :

Shadowing : Any declared element type

Overriding : Only a procedure (Function or Sub) or property

3.Redefining element :

Shadowing : Any declared element type

Overriding : Only a procedure or property with the identical calling sequence

4.Accessibility :

Shadowing : Any accessibility

Overriding : Cannot expand the accessibility of overridden element (for example, cannot
override Protected with Public)

5.Readability and writability : Shadowing : Any combination

Overriding : Cannot change readability or writability of overridden property

6.Keyword usage :
Shadowing : Shadows recommended in derived class;Shadows assumed neither Shadows nor
Overrides specified

Overriding : Overridable required in base class; Overrides required in derived class 7.Inheritance
of redefining element by classes deriving from your derived class : Shadowing : Shadowing
element inherited by further derived classes; shadowed element still hidden Overriding :
Overriding element inherited by further derived classes; overridden element still overridden

  

p

Shadowing :-This is VB.Net Concept by which you can provide a new implementation for base
class member without overriding the member. You can shadow a base class member in the
derived class by using the keyword "Shadows". The method signature, access level and return
type of the shadowed member can be completely different than the base class member.

Hiding : - This is a C# Concept by which you can provide a new implementation for the base
class membe

r without overriding the member. You can hide a base class member in the derived class by using
the keyword "new". The method signature,access level and return type of the hidden member has
to be same as the base class member.Comparing the three :- 1) The access level , signature and
the return type can only be changed when you are shadowing with VB.NET. Hiding and
overriding demands the these parameters as same.

2) The difference lies when you call derived class object with a base class variable.In class of
overriding although you assign a derived class object to base class variable it will call derived
class function. In case of shadowing or hiding the base class function will be called

    , 

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sessions can stored in cookies . cookieless session is also available.for cookie less session it wil
create unique session id for each session. it wil be automatically retrieved in URL.state
management can be like, user sessions can be stored in 3 ways .

Inproc - stored in asp.net worker process

stateserver- stored in window service .

sqlserver- user sessions can be stored in sqlserver also.Application Start This Event is fired when
t he server which holding application starts whereas Session Start event is fired when any User
has access that page or Session has been created. Suppose we want to track that how many users
have accessed our sites today then Application Start is the best place to do so or we want to give
some personalised view to User than Session is the best place.

#
Sessions can be managed by two ways in case of webfarms:

1. Using SQL server or any other database for storing sessions regarding current logged in user.

2. Using State Server, as one dedicated server for managing sessions. State Server will run as
service on web server having dotnet installed.

In ASP.NET there is three ways to manage session objects. one support the in-proc mechanism
and other two's support the out-proc machanism.

1) In-Proc (By Default)

2) SQL-Server (Out-proc)

-. / 01/
.


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c  
Application Configuration File Values will over ride the values of server configuration file. But
only when we allow override set as True, if we does not allow override then Application
Configuration file variables cannot override the values of server configuration file.

2

2
Serialization is the process of converting an object into a stream of bytes. Deserialization is the
opposite process of creating an object from a stream of bytes. Serialization/Deserialization is
mostly used to transport objects (e.g. during remoting), or to persist objects (e.g. to a file or
database)Serialization can be defined as the process of storing the state of an object to a storage
medium. During this process, the public and private fields of the object and the name of the
class,including the assembly containing the class, are converted to a stream of bytes, which is
then written to a data stream. When the object is subsequently deserialized, an exact clone of the
original object is created. Binary serialization preserves type fidelity, which is useful for
preserving the state of an object between different invocations of an application. For example,
you can share an object between different applications by serializing it to the clipboard. You can
serialize an object to a stream,disk,memory,over the network,and so forth.Remoting uses
serializatn.to pass objects "by value" from one computer or application domain to another. XML
serialization serializes only public properties and fields and does not preserve type fidelity. This
is useful when you want to provide or consume data without restricting the application that uses
the data.Because XML is an open standard,it is an attractive choice for sharing data across the
Web. SOAP is an open standard,which makes it an attractive choice. There are two separate
mechanisms provided by the .NET class library-XmlSerializer and
SoapFormatter/BinaryFormatter.Microsoft uses XmlSerializer for Web Services, and uses
SoapFormatter/BinaryFormatter for remoting. Both are available for use in your own code.

 
ASP.NET server controls can optionally expose and raise server events, which can be handled by
developers.Developer may accomplish this by declaratively wiring an event to a control (where
the attribute name of an event wireup indicates the event name and the attribute value indicates
the name of a method to call).

Private Sub Btn_Click(Sender As Object, E As EventArgs)

Message.Text = "http://www.dotnetquestion.info"

End Sub

)     

server side code is responsible to execute and provide the executed code to the browser at the
client side. the executed code may be either in XML or Plain HTML. the executed code only
have the values or the results that are executed on the server. The clients browser executes the
HTML code and displays the result.

where as the client side code executes at client side and displays the result in its browser. it the
client side core consist of certain functions that are to be executed on server then it places request
to the server and the server responses as the result in form of HTML.
 33
Server.Transfer transfers page processing from one page directly to the next page without
making a round-trip back to the client's browser. This provides a faster response with a little less
overhead on the server. Server.Transfer does not update the clients url history list or current url.
Response.Redirect is used to redirect the user's browser to another page or site. This performas a
trip back to the client where the client's browser is redirected to the new page. The user's browser
history list is updated to reflect the new address.

3 
The process of communication between different operating system processes, regardless of
whether they are on the same computer. The .NET remoting system is an architecture designed
to simplify communication between objects living in different application domains, whether on
the same computer or not, and between different contexts, whether in the same application
domain or not.

" $ 

 
Assuming that it is, and that all the data fields are only accessible via parameters, then you can
create an interface for the class that only allows access to the parameters via a get. Add this
interface to the class definition, then where you need the instance of the class to be read only,
access it through the interface.

3
All .NET compilers produce metadata about the types defined in the modules they produce.This
metadata is packaged along with the module (modules in turn are packaged together in
assemblies), and can be accessed by a mechanism called reflection. The System.Reflection
namespace contains classes that can be used to interrogate the types for a module/assembly.

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DBCC LOG([,{0|1|2|3|4}])

0 - Basic Log Information (default)

1 - Lengthy Info

2 - Very Length Info

3 - Detailed

4 - Full Example

and syntax is as follows

DBCC log(db,4)

# 

A read only member is like a constant in that it represents an unchanging value. The difference is
that a readonly member can be initialized at runtime, in a constructor as well being able to be
initialized as they are declared. For example

public class MyClass

public readonly double PI = 3.14159;

Because a readonly field can be initialized either at the declaration or in a constructor, readonly
fields can have different

values depending on the constructor used. A readonly field can also be used for runtime
constants as in the following example public static readonly uint l1 = (uint)DateTime.Now.Ticks

3c4

 31(,)3
The RANK() function have same as ROW_NUMBER but the diffrence is on its ouput its display
duplicate values are treated as diffrent with this

syntax:- select firstcol,secondcol,rank() over(order by secondcol) as rownumber from tablename

3c
Rapid application development (RAD), is a software development process developed initially by
James Martin in the 1980s.The methodology involves iterative development, the construction of
prototypes, and the use of Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools. Traditionally the
rapid application development approach involves compromises in usability,features,& /or
execution speed.Increased speed of development through methods including rapid
prototyping,virtualization of system related routines, the use of CASE tools, and other
techniques. Increased end-user utility Larger emphasis on simplicity and usability of GUI
design.Reduced Scalability, and reduced features when a RAD developed application starts as
prototype and evolves into a finished application Reduced features occur due to time boxing
when features are pushed to later versions in order to finish a release in a short amount of time

$'

string queryStringVal = Request.QueryString["field"];

if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(queryStringValue))

else

'c


ere is syntax in vb.net for encodeing:-

code on first page from where you are using querysting

Dim firstfield As String = "firstfieldval"

Dim secondfield As String = "secondval"

Dim url As String = String.Format("secondpage.aspx?{0}&{1}", Server.UrlEncode(firstfield),

Server.UrlEncode(secondfield))

Response.Redirect(url)

code on the second page to get querystring value

Dim firstf

ield As String =Server.UrlDecode(Request.QueryString"firstfieldval")) Dim secondfield As

String = Server.UrlDecode(Request.QueryString("secondval")

 
 *+*

(1)Write a SQL Query to find first Week Day of month?

SELECT DATENAME(dw, DATEADD(dd, - DATEPART(dd, GETDATE()) + 1,

GETDATE())) AS FirstDay

(2)How to find 6th highest salary from Employee table

SELECT TOP 1 salary FROM (SELECT DISTINCT TOP 6 salary FROM employee ORDER
BY salary DESC) a ORDER BY salary

(3)How to get number of column in table:--

select * from information_schema.columns where table_name='t able_name'

sp_columns 'table_name'

(4)Delete duplicate row from table

INSERT INTO #temp SELECT DISTINCT * FROM yourtable

select * into #temp select distinct * from yourtable

truncate table yourtable

insert into yourtable select * from #temp

(5)display all undeleted rows.

SELECT * FROM Table WHERE isnull(Is_deleted,0) = 0

(6)How to Select top 3 salry from tables

SELECT TOP 3 emp_id, emp_name, salary , dept_id FROM employee WHERE dept_id =
training dept ORDER BY salary DESC

(7)How to know how many tables contains empno as a column in a database?

SELECT COUNT(*) AS Counter FROM syscolumns WHERE (name = 'empno')

(8)Write a query to round up the values of a number. For example even if the user enters 7.1 it
should be rounded up to 8.

SELECT CEILING (7.1)

(9)Write a query to convert all the letters in a word to upper case

SELECT UPPER('test')

(10)How to get duplicate row in a table

select name from emp group by name having count(name)>1

(11)How to rename a table from query

exec sp_rename 'oldTableName' , 'newTableName'



,

Answer:- Pull model is used to pick out the element or we can also say objects from Database
tabel.

Push model is used to insert the element only at the top position in table to database with the help
of object. But when we have to delete the top most record pull method is used over push. Similar
to stack operation

    

3
Publisher is main source of data and we can say its the owner of the database.And its takes
decision how to distribute data accross.

Distributor is a bridge between publisher and the subscriber.Distributor is one who gathers all the
data which is published by publisher and take it before send it to subscriber. So it is clear that it
is bridge between publisher and subscriber and its supports multiple publisher and subscriber
concepts.
Subscri ber is end source or the final place where data has to be transmitted.p



A property is a thing that describes the features of an object. A property is a piece of data
contained within class that has an exposed interface for reading/writing. Looking at that
definition, you might think you could declare a public variable in a class and call it a property.
While this assumption is somewhat valid, the true technical term for a public variable in a class
is a field. The key difference between a field and a property is in the inclus ion of an interface.

We make use of Get and Set keywords while working with properties. We prefix the variables
used within this code block with an underscore. Value is a keyword, that holds the value which is
being retrieved or set.

Private _Color As String

Public Property Color()

Get

Return _Color

End Get

Set(ByVal Value)

_Color = Value

End Set

End Property

3 
c

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A process is only a instance of running application. An application is an executable on the hard
drive or network.There can be numerous processes launched of the same application (5 copies of
Word running), but 1 process can run just 1 application.
  $'
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Both primary key and unique enforce uniqueness of the column on which they are defined.But
by default primary key creates a clustered index on the column, where are unique creates a
nonclustered index by default. Another major difference is that, primary key doesnÿt allow
NULLs, but unique key allows one NULL only.

++  

Answer:-ILDASM help us to decompile the .net dll similarly there are third party tool that can
decompile the dll and easily get the source code.The process that help to stop this is called
"obfuscation" it is technique which not allow tool to decompile there are many third party tool
also available.


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One technique that current ASP.NET 1.0/1.1 developers use to overcome this postback problem
is to use the Microsoft XMLHTTP ActiveX object to send requests to server-side methods from
client-side JavaScript. In ASP.NET 2.0, this process has been simplified and encapsulated within
the function known as the Callback Manager.

The ASP.NET 2.0 Callback Manager uses XMLHTTP behind the scenes to encapsulate the
complexities in sending data to and from

the servers and clients. And so, in order for the Callback Manager to work, you need a web
browser that supports XMLHTTP. Microsoft Internet Explorer is, obviously, one of them.

 
(

These tow are th opertor in Sql Server 2005 these are used to manupulate a expression from one
table into another table but bothe are opposite of each other Pivot take rows and put them into the
column but on the other hand Unpivot take column and put them into the row.Pivots helps in
rotating unique in one column from mutliple columns.


Its basically a syntax error in your ASPX page. It happens when your page is unreadable for the
part of ASP.NET that transforms your code into an executa
 
 
Using the Session_Start and Session_End Events

Sub Session_Start(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)

' Fires when the session is started

Application("UserCount") = Application("UserCount") + 1

End Sub

Sub Session_End(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)

' Fires when the session ends

Application("UserCount") = Application("UserCount") - 1

End Sub

To Display UserCount, add a Label Control to the We

bForm, name it lblUserCount Private Sub Page_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e

As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load

'Put user code to initialize the page here

Me.lblUserCount.Text = "User(s) online " & Application("UserCount")

End Sub

#  $

 
 $
Answer:-As the name suggest to us that .Net compact framework has been created with enabling
managed code on devices just like PDAs,mobiles etc. These are compact devices for which a
.NET compact framework is used.This is main diffrence between these two.

  

Write the select queries required in fill statement.

e.g.
Adp.Fill("Select * from Table1;Select * from Table2;Select * from Table3",DS)

This statement wil generate Dataset with 3 datatables.

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Using the following way you can set two classes.

<p class="firstclass secondclass">

it will apply two css class named first and second

, "+
MSIL supports OO programming, so we can have a class which has public and private methods.
The entry point of the program needs to be specified. In fact it doesn't really matter whether the
method is called Mam or Dad. The only thing that matters here is that .entrypoint is specified
inside method. MSIL programs are compiled with ilasm compiler. Since we are writing a
managed assembly code, we have to make sure that no variables are allocated in memory when
the program goes out of scope. Here is a more complicated program that, once again, does not do
anything but has some dataThe sample MSIL program.method static void main(){ .entrypoint
.maxstack 1 ldstr "Hello world!" call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string) ret}.

   

There are different methods of moving data

(1)BACKUP and RESTORE

(2)detaching

(3)Attaching databases

(4)Replication

(5) DTS

6)BCP

(7)logshipping

(8) INSERT...SELECT

(9)SELECT...INTO

(10) creating INSERT scripts to generate data.

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string ss="pervej";

string encode=Convert.ToBase64String(System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(ss));

Response.Write(encode);

 ! 5&&6

Here are some most important features of VS 2008

(1)Expression blend support is available in Visual 2008. Its a XAML generator tool for
silverlight application.We can install expression blend as an embedded plug-in in Visual Studio
2008.

(2)WPF (Windows Presentation Foundation) provides more graphic functionality in Visual

studio we can create 2D and 3D graphic application in it.
(3)In Visual Studio 2008 we can build game there is a library kits

for games developers. currently this game development kits are available for C++ and also
2D/3D Dark Matter one image and sounds sets. (4)One of most useful feature of .net3.5 is we
can able to create,run,debug .NET 2.0, .NET 3.0, .NET 3.5 application. We can also deploy
.NET 2.0 application in machine where .NET 2.0 is not installed.

(5)In previous version we have to make a seprate setup of AJAx Control library but in Visual
2008 there is a built-in AJAX Contrl library.

(6)One of most good feature is that now we can debug Javascript we can set a break point in
javascript.

(7)In VS 2008 you can even edit the nested master pages.

(8)Visual Studio 2008 contains intellisense support for javascript.

(9)VS 205 has a feature show both design and source code in single window. but both the
windows tiles horizontally.

(10)In VS 2008 we can create, debug and deploy the silverlight applications.

(11)In VS 2008 there is Inbuilt C++ SDK

There are several other reasons why you might want to use interfaces instead of class
inheritance:

—p Interfaces are better suited to situations in which your applications require many possibly
unrelated object types to provide certain functionality.
—p Interfaces are more flexible than base classes because you can define a single
implementation that can implement multiple interfaces.
—p Interfaces are better in situations in which you do not need to inherit implementation
from a base class.
—p Interfaces are useful in cases where you cannot use class inheritance. For example,
structures cannot inherit from classes, but they can implement interfaces.

 $ 7

string strScript = "";

if ((!Page.IsStartupScriptRegistered("clientScript")))

{
Page.RegisterStartupScript("clientScript", strScript);

}p

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Metadata collections contains information about items whose schema can be retrieved. These
collections are as follows:

Tables : Provides information of tables in database

Views : Provides information of views in the database

Columns : Provides information about column in tables

ViewColumns : Provides information about views created for columns

Procedures : Provides information about stored procedures in database

ProcedureParame ters : Provides information about stored procedure parameters

Indexes : Provides information about indexes in database

IndexColumns : Provides information about columns of the indexes in database

DataTypes : Provides information about datatypes

Users : Provides information about database users

,
The .NET framework includes a managed heap that all .NET languages use when allocating
reference type objects. Lightweight objects known as value types are always allocated on the
stack, but all instances of classes and arrays are created from a pool of memory known as the
managed heap.

  

The .NET Framework provides a run-time environment called the Common Language
Runtime,which manages the execution of code and provides services that make the development
process easier. Compilers and tools expose the runtime's functionality and enable you to write
code that benefits from this managed execution environment. Code that you develop with a
language compiler that targets the runtime is called managed code; it benefits from features such
as cross-language integration, cross-language exception handling,enhanced security, versioning
and deployment support, a simplified model for component interaction, and debugging and
profiling services

,

As web.config file is used to configure one asp .net web application, same way Machine.config
file is used to configure application according to a particular machine. That is, configuration
done in machine.config file is affected on any application that runs on a particular machine.
Usually, this file is not altered and only web.config is used which configuring applications.

++$
A livelock is one, where a request for an exclusive lock is repeatedly denied because a series of
overlapping shared locks keeps interfering. SQL Server detects the situation after four denials
and refuses further shared locks. A livelock also occurs when read transactions monopolize a
table or page, forcing a write transaction to wait indefinitely.

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+ 

ASP.NET List controls ==> There are 3 . 1. DropDownList, 2. ListBox and 3.HTMLSelect.

1. System.Web.UI.WebControls. DropDownList this control renders a drop-down list in the page

at runtime. Only the selected item is visible when the user is not interacting with the list, and the
other items become visible when the user clicks the control to see items that can be selected.
Only one item can be selected in this control. This control must be inserd into a server side form
(runat="server") applied. 2. System.Web.UI.WebControls.ListBoxthis control renders a list of
items within a scrolling box, multiple items can be selected in this control if required. This
control must be inserted into a server side form (runat="server") applied.

3. System.Web.UI.HTMLControls.HTMLSelectthis control can be used to render a drop-down

list or a scrolling list of items. This control has less built in functionality when compared with
controls above (It lacks many of the properties that can be used to influence the display style
such as ForeColor and BackColor to name a couple),but it is still capable of performing most
common uses of a list control. This control can be inserted anywhere, and does not require a
server side form.
+c

LDAP is a networking protocol for querying and modifying directory services running over
TCP/IP.To explain LDAP we take a example of telephone directory, which consists of a series of
names organized alphabetically, with an address and phone number attached.To start LDAP on
client it should be connect with server at TCP/IP port 389.The client can send multiple request to
the server.The basic operations are:-

Start TLS - protect the connection with T

ransport Layer Security (TLS), to have a more secure connection Bind - authenticate and specify
LDAP protocol version

Search - search for and/or retrieve directory entries

Compare - test if a named entry contains a given attribute value

Add a new entry

Delete an entry

Modify an entry

Modify DN - move or rename an entry

Abandon - abort a previous request

Extended Operation - generic operation used to define other operations

Unbind - close the connection (not the inverse of Bind)

-$

There r three Layers:-

The GUI layer

The GUI is the "top layer".It contains all things that are visible to user, the 'outside' of the
system, such as screen layout and navigation. The GUI layer has techniques like HTML, CSS,
Applet, Servlet, JSP, JHTML.

The Object layer

This is the core of the system, the linking pin between the other layers. The object layer has
knowledge, in two different ways: runtime values, like the custome r name "Oxford &
Associates" or the invoice number "OAA2000w36".Structural knowledge, about data and
processing.

Data example

A customer can receive many invoices, and an invoice always goes to just one customer. Proces
example :- Know who does what. Every objects knows his own methods, and those of his
neighbours. In a pure OO model an object talks to his neighbours, and nobody but his
neighbours. In the object layer you'll find things like Classes,objects, instance variables, vectors,
primitives, methods, polymorphism, encapsulation and inheritance. The objects mostly have a
temporary nature. They "live" just in memory for the duration of a transaction or session.

Database Layer

The database layer takes care of persistency. An object from the object layer can write itself to
one or more tables. In the database layer you'll find things like database, connection, table, SQL
and result set.

  +)

In LateBinding compiler not have any knowledge about COM's methods and properties and it
get at runtime. Actually program learns the addresses of methods and properties at execution
time.When those methods and properties are invoked. Late bound code typically refers client
objects through generic data types like 'object' and relies heavily on runtime to dynamically
locate method addresses. We do late binding in C# through reflection. Reflection is a way to
determine the type or information about the classes or interfaces.

7 7

JIT is just in time complier.it categorized into three:-

1 Standard JIT : prefered in webApp-----on diamand

2 Pre JIT : only one time------only use for window App

3 Economic JIT : use in mobile App

"" 

There are mainly three level of ISS these are as follows.

(1)Low
(2)Medium

(3)High

(1)Low(IIS Process):-In this all the main process of IIS and ASP.NET application runs in the
same process . But here is some disadvantage of this if one of process is failed whole the process
failed.Its required low resources as compare to other.

(2)Medium(Pooled):-In this IIS process and application runs in different process.Let there are
two proces

s process1 and process2 then in process one IIS process is running and in process2 application is
run.

(3)High(Isolated):-In this all the process running in there own process. One process for one
application.But it is one costly things because too much memory needed for this.

"+

An isolation level determines the degree of isolation of data between concurrent transactions.
The default SQL Server isolation level is Read Committed. A lower isolation level increases
concurrency, but at the expense of data correctness. Conversely, a higher isolation level ensures
that data is correct, but can affect concurrency negatively. The isolation level required by an
application determines the locking behavior SQL Server uses. SQL-92 defines the following
isolation levels, all of which are supported by SQL Server:

Read uncommitted (the lowest level where transactions are isolated only enough to ensure that
physically corrupt data is not read).

Read committed (SQL Server default level).

Repeatable read.

Serializable (the highest level, where transactions are completely isolated from one another).



Table Constraints define rules regarding the values allowed in columns and are the standard
mechanism for enforcing integrity.SQL Server 2000 supports five classes of constraints. NOT
NULL,CHECK, UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY.

" *+ 3!3

Isolation level get the condition to which data is isolated for use by one process and secured
against interference from other processes.

Read Committed -

SQL Server applied a share lock while reading a row into a cursor but frees the lock immediately
after reading the row. Because a shared lock request is blocked by an exclusive lock, a cursor is
prevented from reading a row that another task has updated but not yet committed. Read commi
tted is the default isolation level setting for both SQL Server and ODBC.

Read Uncommitted -

When no locks while reading a row into a cursor and honors no exclusive locks. Cursors can be
populated with values that have already been updated but not yet committed. The user is
bypassing all of SQL Serverÿs locking transaction control mechanisms.

Repeatable Read or Serializable -

SQL Server requests a shared lock on each row as it is read into the cursor as in READ
COMMITTED, but if the cursor is opened within a transaction, the shared locks are held until
the end of the transaction instead of being freed after the row is read. This has the same effect as
specifying HOLDLOCK on a SELECT statement.

8##" (++ *+ 3!3

Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether
an expression contains no valid data we can also
use this as conditional operator and also as if
else loop.

syntax:-

isNull("dotnet","SQL")

if condition is true then its return dotnet

if not then SQL

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instance means just creating a reference(copy) .

object :means when memory location is associated with the object( is a runtime entity of the
class) by using the new operator

interface is a set of abstract methods, all of which have to be overriden by the class whichever
implements the interface

abstract class is a collection of data and methods which are abstact (not all of them)

 

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It means to create a view of data that is not modifiable and is temporary of data that is
modifiable.Immutable means you can't change the currrent data,but if you perform some
operation on that data, a new copy is created. The operation doesn't change the data itself. Like
let's say you have a string object having "hello" value. Now if you say

temp = temp + "new value"

a new object is created, and values is saved in that. The temp object is im mutable, and can't be
changed. An object qualifies as being called immutable if its value cannot be modified once it
has been created. For example, methods that appear to modify a String actually return a new
String containing the modification. Developers are modifying strings all the time in their code.
This may appear to the developer as mutable - but it is not. What actually happens is your string
variable/object has been changed to reference a new string value containing the results of your
new string value. For this very reason .NET has the System.Text.StringBuilder class. If you find
it necessary to modify the actual contents of a string-like object heavily, such as in a for or
foreach loop, use the System.Text.StringBuilder class.

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A:link { text-decoration: none } ----- for normal, unvisited links, no underline;

A:active { text-decoration: none } --- active is for link appearance while you're clicking

A:visited { text-decoration: none } --- visited is for previously visited links

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Here is the syntax of frame:-

here is syntax only first frame is display and left two are hidden.With the help of frame we can
get data of more then one field.