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LAB#9

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LAB# 9 :: “FM FREQUENCY DEMODULATION USING MATLAB”

Frequency modulation is widely used for radio transmissions for a wide variety of applications from broadcasting
to general point to point communications. Frequency modulation, FM offers many advantages, particularly in
mobile radio applications where its resistance to fading and interference is a great advantage

In view of its widespread use receivers need to be able to demodulate these transmissions. There is a wide variety
of different techniques and circuits that can be used including the Foster-Seeley, and ratio detectors using discreet
components, and where integrated circuits are used the phase locked loop and quadrature detectors are more
widely used.

THEORY:
Frequency demodulator, also called frequency discriminator, is a circuit, which converts instantaneous
frequency variations to linear voltage changes.

The inputs FM signal is first converted into the AM signal by the differentiator, and then the output AM signal is
demodulated by the envelope detector to recover the original audio signal.

This signal varies with amplitude of message signal so it is like AM signal now, If this AM signal passes through an
envelope detector, the baseband signal will be recovered.

BANDPASS LIMITER:
The FM input signal is first subjected to a limiter in order to eliminate any amplitude modulation noise
present in the signal. The output of the limiter is a square wave with constant amplitude
. The square wave is then sent through the band pass filter. The BPF filter out the square wave
harmonics and returns a constant-amplitude sinusoid. The constant amplitude FM signal is then
differentiated. After differentiation it behaves like an AM signal
𝑑 𝑑
𝑥 (𝑡)= (𝐴𝑐 cos⁡(𝑤𝑐 𝑡 + 𝑘𝑓 ∫ 𝑚(∝)𝑑 ∝))
𝑑𝑡 𝑓𝑚 𝑑𝑡
=(𝐴𝑐 𝑤𝑐 + 𝑘𝑓 𝐴𝑐 𝑚(𝑡))(−sin⁡(𝑤𝑐 𝑡 + 𝑘𝑓 ∫ 𝑚(∝)𝑑 ∝))

,The last step is to subject the differentiated FM signal to an envelope detector. The envelope detector
extracts the amplitude, or envelope of the input signal of interest. In the slope detection case, the
extracted envelope is the instantaneous frequency of the FM signal, which contains the original message
m (t).
An ideal frequency modulation detector is a device that produces an output that is proportional to the
instantaneous frequency of the input. Slope detection is a type of FM to AM conversion

M-FILE:

dt=1e-5; %sampling rate seconds

Fs=1/dt; %sampling freq

t=0:dt:0.1; %time

Ac=1; %amplitude of carrier

fm=10; %freq of msg signal

fc=1000; %freq of carrier

Nt=length(t);

dev=800; %freq dev

m=sin(2*pi*fm*t); %msg signal

%plots

figure

subplot(3,1,1)

plot(t,m);

title('original signal');
xlabel('time (sec)')

%frequency modulation

sFM=fmmod(m,fc,Fs,dev); %freq modulatn using msg signal m, freqdev argument is freq deviation of modulated
signal

subplot(3,1,2)

plot(t,sFM)

title('FM modulated signal')

xlabel('time (sec)')

%FM demodulation %%derivative followed by envelop detection

dsFM=sFM(1); %derivative of point 1 is constant storing it first

for k=2:Nt

dsFM(k)=(sFM(k)-sFM(k-1))/dt;

end

%using hilbert transform for demodulation

%envelop detection

dsFMplus=hilbert(dsFM); %pre-envelop

dsFMtilde=dsFMplus.*exp(-j*2*pi*fc*(t)); %complex envelop %giving phase shift

mFMdemod=abs(dsFMtilde); %envelop detector output

mFMdemod=mFMdemod-mean(mFMdemod); %removing DC component

%plots

subplot(3,1,3)

plot(t,mFMdemod);

title('FM detector output')

xlabel('time (seconds)')

OUTPUT: