Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
National Fire Sprinkler Association is a Registered Provider with The
American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems
(AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be
reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion
for both AIA members and non‐AIA members are available upon
request.t
This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional
education. As such, it does not include content that may be
deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA
of any material of construction or any method or manner of
handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be
addressed at the conclusion of this presentation
Copyright Materials Program Description
This presentation is protected by US and This seminar will focus on the
significant changes resulting in
International Copyright laws. Reproduction, the 2013 edition of NFPA 14.
distribution, display and use of the presentation The changes will be presented
in a format that, to a significant
without written permission of The National Fire degree, follow the sections of
S i kl A
Sprinkler Association is prohibited.
i ti i hibit d NFPA 14 Since many of these
NFPA 14. Since many of these
changes are clarifications, the
original rule may be referenced
to illustrate the change. The
© National Fire Sprinkler Association 2013 specific changes will be noted in
red text. This presentation will
also include some diagrams to
high light the changes.
Definitions, System Definitions
Components and
H d
Hardware
1
8/19/2013
General Definitions General Definitions cont.
• Auxiliary drain • Feed main
connection – The portion of a
standpipe system that
– Drain connection
provides water to one or
installed to permit
more standpipes
draining water from a
trapped section of pipe
d i f i
• Express main
• Main drain – A type of feed main
supplying the upper zone
– Primary drain connection
of a standpipe system &
located on the system
does not supply portion
riser & utilized as a test
of a low zone standpipe
connection
system
General Definitions cont. System Components and Hardware
• Record drawing • General rules
– A design, working drawing or as • Pipe & fittings
built drawing submitted as the final • Control valves
record of documentation for the
project • Pressure‐regulating
devices
• Travel distance
• Fire department
connections
– The length measured on the floor or
other walking surface along the
• Signs
centerline of the natural path of
travel, starting from the hose outlet, • Hose
curving around any corners or stations/connections
obstructions with a 12” clearance.
2” Clearance from the valve to any
System Components and Hardware
part of the cabinet
• Hose stations
– Cabinets & closets
• 2” clearance from any
part of the cabinet to
the valve, except for the
door
• Break glass type must
have device attached in
the immediate vicinity
• Must maintain fire
resistive rating if
penetrated
• Marked to indicate
contents
2
8/19/2013
At least 3” clearance between the handle of the valve and
System Components and Hardware any adjacent object when the valve is in any position
• Hose connections
– All valves shall be listed with
external NHS threads and
caps
– Local fire departments
having different threads shall
having different threads shall
designate the hose threads
used
– Must be at least 3” clearance
between the handle of the Courtesy of B. Blake, Helene, MT
valve and any adjacent
object when the valve is in
any position
System Requirements
• General
System Requirements • Automatic & Semiautomatic Dry
Systems
• Classes of Standpipe Systems
Cl fS d i S
• Required Type of Systems
• Gauges
• Waterflow & Supervisory Alarms
High Water Level Protection Air Compressors
• Where possible to reseat the • An annex note was added
dry valve after actuation
without draining the system, it to clarify the use of a single
is permissible to protect against
occurrence of water above the air compressor in multiple
clapper by use of an automatic dry systems
high water level signaling
high water level signaling
device or an automatic drain – Where a single compressor
device multiple dry pipe systems,
the 30 minute fill time is
• This similar method is required based on the single largest
for protection against
accumulation of water above system.
the clapper in Low Differential
Dry Pipe Valves
3
8/19/2013
Waterflow Alarms
• An annex note was added
clarifying that it is Installation Requirements
acceptable to use a hose
valve as a means to test a
water flow device. This
includes the use of a hose
valve on the roof.
• Clarification was extended
that this method was
predicated on the hose
valve discharging to an
suitable location.
Location/ Protection of Piping Location/ Protection of Piping cont.
• Above ground pipe • Above ground pipe cont.
• Protected from mechanical • Piping not requiring
damage protection
– Horizontal standpipes,
feed mains & branch lines
• Feed mains, standpipes, do not require protection
q p
horizontal standpipes & if building is equipped
branch lines protected with approved auto
comparable to enclosed exit sprinkler system
stairs – Piping for 1 ½”
connections
– Standpipes where exit
stairways are not required
to be fire rated enclosures
Location/ Protection of Piping cont. Location/ Protection of Piping cont.
– Above ground pipe cont
• Piping in areas subject to freezing shall • Above ground pipe cont
maintain water temp. between 40‐ – All piping for dry
1200F
– Anti freeze not allowed standpipes, manual dry
– May us heat tracing if: standpipes, & semi
» Listed automatic standpipes shall
automatic standpipes shall
» Installed according to mfgr. be pitched at least ¼” per
specs.
10’
» Supervised by one of the
following • In refrigerated areas, must be
• Central station, proprietary ½” per 10’
or remote signaling service
• Local signaling service to a
constantly attended location
4
8/19/2013
Gate Valves & Check Valves Fire Department Connections
• Each connection to a automatic water • A change was made to clarify
supply shall have approved control that a listed check valve shall
valve & check valve be installed in each fire
– Not required for auto & semi‐auto systems
department connection,
supplied by fire pumps
– Backflow preventers may meet this
Backflow preventers may meet this
including the connection in
requirement manual‐dry systems.
– Valves not required on manual dry systems
– Valves shall be required on all standpipes,
including manual dry to allow isolation
without interrupting flow to other
standpipes from the same source of supply
– Approved valves shall be provided in the
water supply for manual wet systems
Design
• General rules
• Pressure limitations
• System design & pipe sizing
Design • Number of standpipes
• Minimum sizes for standpipes &
branch lines
branch lines
• Locations of hose connections
• Interconnection of standpipes
• Standpipe system zones
• Flow rates
• Drain & test risers
• Fire department connections
Locations of hose Connections
• General
– Connections & stations must
Location of Hose be unobstructed & located
Connections 3‐5’ above the floor
– Thi
This dimension shall be
di i h ll b
measured from the floor to
the center of the device
– Shall not be obstructed by
the closed or open stairwell
door or other objects on the
landing
5
8/19/2013
Class I (2 ½ inch) Class I (2 ½ inch)
Horizontal Exits Horizontal Exits
– A way of passage from
one building to an area of
refuge in another building
on approximately the
same level.
– Each side of the wall
adjacent to exit openings
of horizontal exits (unless
the distance can be
covered by one already in
place)
Class I (2 ½ inch)
Horizontal Exits Exception
Travel Distance
No connection at this side of the (does not apply to the roof if not intended for occupancy)
horizontal exit where the nearest
connection covers the area on the
other side of the horizontal exit. 200 ft. Sprinklered
200’ for sprinklered buildings
Hose valve in 130’ for non sprinklered buildings Office
stairwell covers the
150 ft. Unsprinklered
area on the other
side of the
horizontal exit Corridor
Measure travel distance along path walked from
hose connection to farthest point in farthest room
served by a hose connection
Number/Interconnection of Tank Fed Standpipe
Standpipes Connected at Top & Bottom
• Number of standpipes
– Separate standpipes for each exit It would be
stairwell important for
these check
• Interconnection of standpipes valves to be
– Two
Two or more in the same building or
or more in the same building or below the
below the
section of building must be lowest
interconnected
standpipe
– If supplied by tanks at the top of the
building or zone, connect at the top connection
– Where connected at the top & bottom,
check valves are required at the base to
From FDC
prevent circulation
6
8/19/2013
Pressure Limitations
• Maximum pressure at hose connections
– Pressure regulating devices must limit
Minimum & Maximum residual pressure to 100 psi for 1 ½‐inch
hose connections (does not apply to 2 ½”
Pressure Limits x 1 ½” reducer allowed in Class III systems)
– Pressure regulating devices must limit
static & residual pressure to 175 psi for 2
½‐inch hose connections
– Pressure on the inlet side of the PRD shall
not exceed the rated working pressure of
the device
Pressure Control
• Maximum pressure at hose connections
– Where more than two hose connections are used downstream
Pressure Control of a PRD, the following conditions must apply:
1. In systems w/ multiple zones, PRD’s are 6. PRD provided with inlet & outlet gauges
permitted to control lower zone pressures as
long as all other conditions are met
2. Isolation method of the PRD for repair & 7. FDC on system side of outlet isolation
maintenance must be provided valve
41
7
8/19/2013
Standpipe System Zones
To First High Zone Standpipe Riser
To Other High
Zone Standpipe
Flow Rates
Risers
High Zone
Direct Feed to High Pump
Zone Pump (Could
Be Low Zone Secondary Feed to High Zone
Standpipe Riser) Pump (Could Be Low Zone
Standpipe Riser)
Flow Rates Class I & III Flow Rates
• Class I & III systems F D A 250 gpm
– Flow 500 gpm through the two most
remote 2 ½” hose outlets
B 250 gpm
– 250 gpm for each additional riser
Most
– Do not have to balance flows Remote
Riser
– Maximum flow rates
500 gpm
– Sprinklered Building 1000 gpm
– Unsprinklered Building 1250 500 gpm
gpm G E C
B 250 gpm B 250 gpm
1000 gpm 1250 gpm
I G E C I G E C
8
8/19/2013
Flow Rates cont. Single Outlet on Lateral Piping
• Flow Rates for Single For sprinklered building
Outlets on Lateral Piping
– Where lateral piping
serves a single outlet, the A
B C
D
minimum flow rate for
minimum flow rate for F G
the system shall be E H
determined as if the J K
I L
250 gpm
outlet is being served
from a separate standpipe N O
M P
1000 gpm
750 gpm
Single Outlet on Lateral Piping
For non sprinklered building
Drains, Test
Risers &
B C
A D Fire Department
F
E
G
H Connections
J K
500 gpm
I L
N O
1250 gpm M P
750 gpm
Drain and Test Risers cont. Drain and Test Risers cont.
• Drains • Drains
– Each standpipe systems must be – Trapped portions must have an auxiliary method of draining
equipped with drains by one of the following:
• An auxiliary drain according to NFPA 13
– A main drain shall be provided on • An auxiliary drain according to Table 7.11.2.3
the standpipe system side of the
the standpipe system side of the
system control valve Sizing for standpipe drain
Standpipe size Size of drain connection
Up to 2” ¾” or larger
– May use lowest hose connection if
2 ½”, 3”, or 3 ½” 1 ¼” or larger
acceptable to the AHJ
4” or larger 2” only
– Main drain shall be located to allow • A hose connection at a low point for use with an approved
opening without damage hose to drain water from the system
9
8/19/2013
Fire Department Connections
• One or more FDC’s required for each zone for Class I
or Class III
– Not required in high zone if beyond FD capability
– Hi rise buildings shall have at least 2 remotely
Plans, Calculations, &
located FDC’s for each zone Water Supply Testing
• Single connection for each zone if AHJ
Single connection for each zone if AHJ
approved
– One 2 ½” connection for each 250 gpm demand
• LDH connections are permitted
• May be on multiple FDC’s
• May be located in multiple locations with AHJ
approval
Plans and Calculations Minimum Design Pressures
• Plans & Specs
• Pressure loss in the hose valve shall be calculated in
– Working plans must include pertinent
accordance with the additions to the equivalent pipe
items from a list of 27
length chart:
• Hydraulic calculations Fittings & Valves Expressed as Equivalent Feet of Pipe
– Piping shall be sized by hydraulic calculation
Piping shall be sized by hydraulic calculation Fittings & Valves
Fittings & Valves 1½
½” 2 ½”
2 ½
• Hydraulic calculation procedure Globe (straight) hose valve 46 70
– Shall begin at the outlet of each hose
Angle or hose valve 20 31
connection
– Shall include the friction loss for the valve &
any piping from the valve to the riser
– Equivalent feet of valves & fittings similar to • When published, the valve manufacturer’s most up‐
requirements of NFPA 13
to‐date data shall be used
Water Supplies & Testing
• Water supply evaluation
– Water flow test is required to
determine ability of the water Acceptance Testing &
system to provide the demand
flow & pressure Inspection, Testing &
– Water flow test data must be no
Maintenance
more than 12 months old unless
approved by the AHJ
10
8/19/2013
Calculating Leakage Leakage Test
NFPA 13 Table 10.10.2.2.6
SD P
L Hydrostatic Testing Allowance @ 200 psi per
148 , 000 100ft. of pipe
Where: 2 0.019
L = makeup water (water that can be 4 0.038
added to the system), gallons (or
dd d t th t ) ll ( 6 0 057
0.057
liters) per hour 8 0.076
S = length of pipe, feet 10 0.096
12 0.115
D = nominal diameter of the pipe,
14 0.134
inches
16 0.153
P = average test pressure during the 18 0.172
hydrostatic test in psi 20 0.191
24 0.229
Sample Problem Sample Problem
• Hydrostatic test pressure: • Using the table: 100 ft. of 8”
200 psi pipe can lose 0.076 gallons
• Pipe size: 8 inches per hour
• Pipe length: 300 feet
p g 0.076 gallons x 3 x 2 = 0.456 gallons
• How many gallons can • Using the formula:
leak from the system? SD P 300x8x 200 33,941.13
L
148,000 148,000 148,000
L 0.229x 2 0.459gal
11
8/19/2013
Sample Problem Sample Problem
• Hydrostatic test pressure: • Using the formula:
250 psi SD P 450x 6x 250
• Pipe size: 6 inches L 0.289
148,000 148,000
• Pipe length: 450 feet L .289x 2 0.58gal.
• How many gallons can leak • Using the Table: 100ft. Of 6” pipe
from the system? can lose 0.057 gallons per hour at
200 psi
250
L 0.057 x x 4.5x 2 0.64gal
200
System Operational Tests Main Drain Test
• Flow test • Static pressure
• Automatic dry and • Residual pressure
semiautomatic systems trip • Baseline strength of the water supply
test
• Not required for manual systems with
• Pressure‐regulating devices no permanently attached water
no permanently attached water
• Alarm and supervision supply
• Backflow test
• Manual valves
• Main drain test
Record Drawings, Test Reports & Manuals
Provided to the Owner
• Set of record drawings • Set of instruction manuals
for all major components
• Copy of completed test
report
containing
– Explanation of the operation
Thank you!!
of the component
– Routine maintenance
Routine maintenance
• All literature & instructions
instructions from the – Instructions concerning
manufacturer repairs
describing operation & – Parts list & identification for
maintenance of devices serviceable components
installed – Copy of the current edition of
NFPA 25
72
12