THE HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS- KEY

I. SKELETAL SYSTEM
A. Five major functions
1. Gives structure and support to the body
2. Protects internal organs such as brain
3. Major muscles attach to bones to help provide movement.
4. Red blood cells are formed in the bone marrow
5. Stores calcium and phosphorous which makes bones hard
B. Major organs
1. Compact bone-gives the body protection
2. Spongy bone-open spaces that make bones lightweight (marrow)
3. Cartilage- smooth thick flexible tissue that covers end of bone
II. MUSCULAR SYSTEM
A. Major Function-Provides movement
B. Two types muscles- voluntary are muscles you control
Involuntary are muscles you cannot control
Three types of muscles tissue- Cardiac: found in heart (involuntary)
Smooth: found in stomach & blood vessels (involuntary)
Skeletal: found in muscles attached to bone (voluntary)
III. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
A. Function-to break down food into form the cells can use for energy/nutrients
B. Flow of food through the digestive system is: mouth to
esophagus to stomach to small intestine to large intestine

IV. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

A. Function-to carry oxygen to all the body parts, carry carbon dioxide away, fight infections and help wounds
heal
B. Parts of the circulatory system
 Artery: carry blood away from the heart
 Capillary: connect the arteries to veins and allow nutrients and oxygen to diffuse into the cells
 Vein: carry blood back to the heart
 Red blood cells: carry oxygen or carbon dioxide
 Platelets: clots blood
 White blood cells: fight infections (war machines)
 Plasma: carries nutrients

V. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
A. Function-takes in oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide
B. Parts of the system include the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and alveoli

VI. NERVOUS SYSTEM

A. Function-controlling and coordinating the body
B. Parts of the system:
a. Central nervous system-made up of the brain and spinal cord

 The brain is made up of the cerebrum (where thinking takes place and the largest part of brain),
cerebellum (which coordinates your muscles and balance and located at back lower part of brain), and the
brain stem (that connects the brain to the spinal cord. The medulla is part of the stem and controls
involuntary actions such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and
vomiting.)
  Spinal cord-carries messages from body to brain and brain to body

b. Peripheral nervous system-connects the brain and spinal cord to body.

VII. Connections: List all the various ways our body systems work together to function

1. Muscular and Skeletal: Your muscles work with your bones to

help you move
2. Muscular and Digestive: Your digestive organs are made of
involuntary muscles
3. Muscular and Nervous: Your brain tells your involuntary
muscles what to do (heart, stomach)
4. Circulatory and Respiratory: Your lungs take in oxygen that is
pumped to your body by the heart
5. Immune and Circulatory: Disease fighting cells (white blood
cells) are pumped through your body by your heart
6. Skeletal and Circulatory: Your bones make your red blood cells
(RBC)
7. Nervous and ALL systems: Your brain is the control center for
all systems- it tells your heart to beat (circulatory), your lungs to
breathe (respiratory), your food to digest (digestive), etc.