Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

* 8 2 6 9 2 1 2 9 0 5 *

GEOGRAPHY 0460/11
Paper 1 May/June 2017
1 hour 45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Ruler
Calculator

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Write your answer to each question in the space provided.

If additional space is required, you should use the lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question number(s)
must be clearly shown.

Answer three questions, one from each section.

The Insert contains Photographs A and B for Question 3, Photograph C and Fig. 5 for Question 4, Fig. 6 for
Question 5 and Photograph D for Question 6.
The Insert is not required by the Examiner.
Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

Definitions
MEDCs – More Economically Developed Countries
LEDCs – Less Economically Developed Countries

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 30 printed pages, 2 blank pages and 1 Insert.

DC (NF/SW) 130433/4
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Section A

Answer one question from this section.

QUESTION 1

1 (a) Study Fig. 1, which shows information about the population of Paraguay (an LEDC) and
Belgium (an MEDC).

Paraguay
male age female
100+
95–99
90–94
old 85–89 old
80–84
dependents 75–79 dependents
70–74
65–69
60–64
55–59
50–54
45–49
economically 40–44 economically
35–39
active 30–34 active
25–29
20–24
15–19
young 10–14 young
5–9
dependents 0–4 dependents
400 320 240 160 80 0 0 80 160 240 320 400
population (in thousands) age population (in thousands)

Belgium
male age female
100+
95–99
90–94
old 85–89 old
80–84
dependents 75–79 dependents
70–74
65–69
60–64
55–59
50–54
45–49
economically 40–44 economically
35–39
active 30–34 active
25–29
20–24
15–19
young 10–14 young
5–9
dependents 0–4 dependents
400 320 240 160 80 0 0 80 160 240 320 400
population (in thousands) age population (in thousands)

Fig. 1

(i) Identify the age group with the largest population in Paraguay.

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(ii) Describe two differences between the shape of the population pyramids of Paraguay
and Belgium.

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(iii) Give three reasons why the number of young dependents in LEDCs such as Paraguay
is high.

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(iv) Explain why there is a large number of old dependents in MEDCs such as Belgium.

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(b) Study Fig. 2, which shows information about the expected increases in the average age of
people in different parts of the world.

Expected increases in the average age of people (2013 to 2050)

37 to 41
North 40 to 46 29 to 40
America Europe Asia

19 to 25
Africa
27 to 41
Key South
America 32 to 37
2013 average age Australasia
to
2050 of people

Fig. 2

(i) Using Fig. 2 only, compare the likely changes in the average age of people in Europe
with the average age of people in South America between 2013 and 2050.
You should include data from Fig. 2 in your answer.

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(ii) Explain why an increase in the percentage of old dependents may cause problems for a
country.

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(c) For a named country you have studied, explain why the natural population growth rate is low.

Name of country ..........................................

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[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 1

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QUESTION 2

2 (a) Study Fig. 3, which is a graph showing GDP per person (a measure of wealth) and the
percentage of the population living in urban areas for selected countries.

100
Britain
Brazil Netherlands United
Mexico France
75 States
Indonesia Russia Germany
urban Japan
Nigeria
population
(percentage) 50 China
Pakistan
25 India
Bangladesh

0
0 5000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 30 000 35 000 40 000
GDP per person (US$)

Fig. 3

(i) Identify the country from Fig. 3 which has a GDP per person of US$ 9000 and 75% of its
population living in urban areas.

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(ii) To what extent is there a positive relationship between GDP per person and the
percentage of the population living in urban areas?

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(iii) Give three different reasons why large numbers of people are migrating from urban
areas to rural areas in MEDCs.

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(iv) Explain why the percentage of the population living in urban areas in LEDCs is
increasing.

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(b) Study Fig. 4, which shows reasons for the growth of squatter settlements.

Lack of
Income economic Large urban
inequality growth population

Lack of
Poverty affordable
housing

Growth of
squatter
settlements

Fig. 4

(i) Using ideas from Fig. 4 only, explain in your own words why many squatter settlements
have grown in urban areas in LEDCs.

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(ii) Describe the problems of living in a squatter settlement.

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(c) For an urban area you have studied, describe the strategies used to reduce problems caused
by the growth of squatter settlements.

Name of urban area ..........................................

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[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 2

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Section B

Answer one question from this section.

QUESTION 3

3 (a) Study Photograph A (Insert), which shows a coastal landform.

(i) Name the landform shown in Photograph A.

Choose from the landforms below and circle your answer.

Arch Cave Spit Stack [1]

(ii) Describe the landform shown in Photograph A.

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(iii) Suggest how the landform shown in Photograph A was formed by coastal erosion.

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(iv) Explain how the landform shown in Photograph A may change in the future as a result of
natural processes.

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(b) Study Photograph B (Insert), which shows an area where coastal erosion is occurring.

(i) Suggest three problems which are likely to be faced by people living in the area shown
in Photograph B as a result of coastal erosion.

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(ii) Explain why many people live on or close to the coast even though it may be hazardous.

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(c) Explain how a sand spit is formed.

You should include a labelled diagram or series of diagrams.

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[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 3

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QUESTION 4

4 (a) Study Photograph C (Insert), which shows a river landform.

(i) Name the landform shown in Photograph C.

Choose from the landforms below and circle your answer.

Delta Levee Rapids Waterfall [1]

(ii) Describe the landform shown in Photograph C.

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(iii) Suggest how the landform shown in Photograph C was formed by river erosion.

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(iv) Explain how the landform shown in Photograph C may change in the future as a result of
natural processes.

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(b) Study Fig. 5 (Insert), which shows an area close to the Fraser River in British Columbia,
Canada (an MEDC).

(i) Using evidence from Fig. 5 only, suggest three problems which flooding of the Fraser
River may cause.

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(ii) Explain why many people live near to rivers even though it may be hazardous.

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(c) For a named river you have studied, explain the causes of flooding.

Name of river ..........................................

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[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 4

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Section C

Answer one question from this section.

QUESTION 5

5 (a) Study Fig. 6 (Insert), which shows information about electricity generation in France.

(i) How much electricity was generated in total in France in 2012?

......................................... TWh [1]

(ii) Using Fig. 6 only, identify:

– a fossil fuel used to generate electricity in France; ..................................

– a renewable form of energy used in France. ................................... [2]

(iii) Using Fig. 6 only, describe three changes in the importance of different methods of
generating electricity in France between 1972 and 2012.

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(iv) Explain how a country can benefit by generating electricity using renewable forms of
energy rather than by using fossil fuels.

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(b) Study Fig. 7, which shows information about the location of nuclear power stations in France.

NETHERLANDS
UK Gravelines
BELGIUM
Lille GERMANY
Penly Chooz
La Hague Paluel LUX.
Rouen
Flamanville Reims Cattenom
Caen Metz
PARIS Nogent Strasbourg
Brest
Brennilis Troyes Fessenheim
Orléans
Dampierre
St-Laurent Mulhouse
Nantes Belleville
Chinon Tours
Atlantic
Ocean Poitiers SWITZERLAND
Civaux
Key Clermont- Bugey
Lyon
Ferrand Creys-Malville
nuclear power
station Le Blayais Saint-Etienne St-Alban
capital city Valence ITALY
Bordeaux Cruas
main cities Tricastin
Golfech
river Nîmes Marcoule N
international Bayonne Toulouse
Marseille
border
Mediterranean
SPAIN ANDORRA Sea
0 250
km

Fig. 7

(i) Use information from Fig. 7 only to describe the distribution of nuclear power stations in
France.

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(ii) Describe the benefits and disadvantages of nuclear power.

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(c) Explain the location of a factory or industrial zone in a named area you have studied.

Name of area ...........................................

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[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 5

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QUESTION 6

6 (a) Study Fig. 8, which shows information about different types of tourism.

outdoor adventure tourism

cultural or historic tourism

ecotourism

beach tourism

Fig. 8

(i) In which employment sector is tourism?

Circle your answer below.

Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary [1]

(ii) Identify the type of tourism shown on Fig. 8 which:

– is likely to have the least impact on the natural environment;

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– has developed because of the attractions of the built (human) environment.

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(iii) Choose one type of tourism shown on Fig. 8 and explain how it might cause problems
for local people.

Type of tourism chosen ...................................................

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(iv) Choose two different types of landscape and explain why they attract tourists.

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(b) Study Photograph D (Insert), which was taken in Mumbai, India (an LEDC).

(i) Using Photograph D, suggest three ways in which tourism can create employment for
people in Mumbai.

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(ii) Explain how the tourist industry shown in Photograph D might cause problems for the
local natural environment.

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(c) For a named area you have studied where tourism is important, explain how it is being
managed in order for it to be sustainable.

Name of area ..........................................

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[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 6

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Additional Pages

If you use the following lined pages to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question
number(s) must be clearly shown.

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© UCLES 2017 0460/11/M/J/17