Ministério da Educação

UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA MARIA - UFSM

Departamento de Eletrônica e Computação - DELC
97105-900 – Santa Maria - RS Fone: (0xx.55) 3220 9590 (r.25) e-mail: mariolsm@gmail.com

Disciplina: Dispositivo e Circuitos Eletrônicos III 24/08/2018

Atividade de Laboratório – par diferencial

Lab task: Realizar a atividade em grupo. Participantes: 3 (três) por grupo.

Goal: Differential amplifiers are designed to amplify the difference between two
signals; thus, such amplifiers are capable of reducing noise that is common to both
inputs. We can quantify the differential-mode versus common-mode gain in a quantity
called the common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR).

Materials: The items listed in Table 1 will be needed. For this lab, assume all NPN
transistors are identical BC549 BJTs.

Table 1: Components used in this lab

Component Quantity Component Quantity
1 LM741 op-amp 1 5 5.5 k resistor 2
2 BC549 NPN BJT 4 6 10 k resistor 2
3 1 k resistor 2 7 0.1 μF capacitor 1
4 5.1 k resistor 2

Procedure: The items listed in Table 1 will be needed. For this lab, assume all NPN

1. Generating a differential signal:

Before building a differential amplifier, let us first generate a differential signal, which
would require inverting an analog signal. One way we can do this is by using an op-amp
in negative feedback, as shown in Figure 1.
1. Construct the circuit in Figure 1 using the LM741 op-amp. The pin layout for the
LM741 op-amp is in Figure 2. Note: If your LM741 doesn’t have a notch as
shown in the figure, check for a small dot; this dot labels pin 1.
2. 2. Apply a 60 mVpp, 1 kHz sine wave to the input. Display the input and output
on the oscilloscope and verify that the output is the inverse of the input.

2. Differential pair:
a. Construct the circuit in Figure 3 using BC549 transistors for the NPN BJTs. Use
R1 = 10 k, R2 = R3 = 5.1 k, and VCC = 9 V.

b. Ground the inputs (vin+ and vin−) and measure IC1, IC2, IC3, IC4, and VOUT,DC.
How do these values compare to your hand calculations?

c. Apply a 40 mVpp, 1 kHz sine wave to vin+ and ground vin−. Use the oscilloscope
to display the input waveform (vin+) and the output waveform (vout+); sketch the
results on your lab report. If the input signal is noisy, use the averaging feature
of the oscilloscope to get a more accurate result.

d. Use the oscilloscope to measure the peak-to-peak voltages of vin+ and vout+.

e. Now display vout+ and vout− on the oscilloscope. Do they appear as you would
expect?

f. Now use the oscilloscope to display (vout+) – (vout−). Measure the peak-to-peak
voltage of the signal and calculate the differential gain of the circuit.

g. Apply a 10 mVpp, 1 kHz sine wave to both (vin+) and (vin−). Use the oscilloscope
to display the output waveforms from vout+ and vout−. What do you see at the
output? Why?

h. Compute the differential voltage gain, the common mode voltage gain and the
CMRR.

i. Use the inverting amplifier (from section 1) to apply a 20 mVpp, 1 kHz

differential sine wave to the inputs (i.e. a 10 mVpp sine wave applied to vin+ and
the inverted sine wave to vin−). Use the oscilloscope to measure the peak-to-peak
voltage of the differential input and output. Now use these measurements to
determine the gain.

j. Change the resistor R3 to 5.5 k and compute CMRR.

2. Differential pair with active load:

k. Construct the circuit in Figure 4 using BC549 transistors for the NPN BJTs and
the BC557 transistor for the PNP BJTs. Use R1 = 10 k and VCC = 9 V.

l. Apply a 60 mVpp, 1 kHz sine wave to vin+ and ground vin−. Use the oscilloscope
to display the input waveform vout and sketch the results on your lab report. Why
is the output not sinusoidal?

m. We would like to reduce Rout by loading the amplifier with a small resistor.
Attach a load to the amplifier as shown in Fig. 5. Use CL=0,1 uF and RL= 5k.

n. Calculate the differential gain for the amplifier with the new load resistance.

o. Apply a 40 mVpp, 1 kHz sine wave to vin+ and ground vin−. Use the oscilloscope
to display vin+ and vout. What is the measured differential gain of the circuit?
How does this compare with your hand calculations?

Boa atividade!