ANALYSIS OF SINGLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR BEAM

START

GIVEN: Mu, b, d, f’c, fy

REQUIRED: Steel Area, As

Solve for Mumax

Mumax=Ø0.85f’camaxb(d-amax/2)
Mumax=__

NSCP 2001 NSCP 2010

amax=0.75ab ab=ß1cb
600d
cb=600+fy amax=ß1cmax cmax=3d/7
If f’c 28 MPa, ß1=0.85
If f’c 30 MPa, ß1=0.85 0t0
0t0 If f’c>28 MPa, ß1=0.85- (f’c -28) 0t6
If f’c>30 MPa, ß1=0.85- (f’c -30) 0t6
800−fy
Ø=0.90 Ø=0.65+0.25 1000−fy
Mu>ØMumax
Mu< ØMu max

Design as Singly Reinforced Beam Reduction factor Ø

NSCP 2010 Det. If tension-controlled or in
transition
Reduction factor Ø Solve for ØMtn
ᓎ
NSCP 2001 Ø=0.90 ØMtn=1600 ß1f’cbd2(1- ß 1)
16
If Mu ØMtn, tension-controlled, Ø=0.90
Solve for ρ If Mu> ØMtn, in transition,
0t8 f’c Rn fs−fy
Mu=ØRnbd2 ρ= 1− 1− Ø=0.65+0.25 1000−fy
fy 0t8 f’c

ρ =__
AS= ρbd=__

Compare As to Asmin and Asmax Solve for c

Mu= Ø0.85f’cab(d-a/2) a=ß1c
fs−fy 600(d-c)
Ø=0.65+0.25 1000−fy
fs= c
Compare AS and Asmax
c=__ a=___ fs=__
[T=C]b Asmaxfy=0.85f’c ß1cmaxb Asmax=__
If AS Asmax, design is okay
If AS>Asmax, increase depth h to ensure ductile Now solve for As
failure [T=C] Asfs=0.85f’c ß1cb
If fs fy, steels yields, use fs=fy
Compare AS and Asmin If fs<fy, steel doesn’t yield, use fs
f’c As=___
if f’c 31.36 MPa, Asmin= fy
bd Asmin=__
1t
if f’c 31.36 MPa, Asmin= fy bd Asmin=__
Design as Doubly Reinforced Beam

if AS Asmin, choose AS
if AS<Asmin, choose Asmin
Compression reinforcement is
necessary.
END
 ANALYSIS OF SINGLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR BEAM

START

GIVEN: As, b, d, f’c, fy

REQUIRED: Ultimate moment, Mu

Compare ρ to ρb and ρmin

As 0t8 f’cß1(600)
ρ=bd=__ ρb= fy(600+fy)
=__
f’c
if f’c 31.36 MPa, ρmin= fy
Asmin=__
1t
if f’c 31.36 MPa, ρmin= fy Asmin=__ ρ>ρb
ρ ρb if ρ ρb, steel yields, fs=fy
If ρ>ρb, steel doesn’t yield, use fs
If ρ<ρmin, the given As is not adequate for
beam dimension

NSCP 2001 Solve for c

Ø=0.90 [T=C] ASfS=0.85f’cab
[T=C] ASfy=0.85f’cab Asfs=0.85f’cß1cb
600(d-c)
a=___ As =0.85f’cß1cb
c
NSCP 2001
NSCP 2010 If f’c 30 MPa, ß1=0.85
Solve for Ø If f’c>30 MPa, ß1=0.85-
0t0
(f’c -30) 0t6
[T=C] ASfy=0.85f’cab a=___ c=a/ß1
NSCP 2010
If f’c 28 MPa, use ß1=0.85
0t0
If f’c 28 MPa, ß1=0.85
If f’c>28 MPa, use ß1=0.85- (f’c-28) ) 0t6 0t0
If f’c>28 MPa, ß1=0.85- (f’c -28) 0t6
Determine if tension controlled or in transition
600(d-c)
fs= c
=___ c=___ a=ß1c=___
if fs 1000 MPa, tension controlled, use
Ø=0.90
if fs< 1000 MPa, in transition, use NSCP 2001
fs−fy Reduction factor Ø
Ø=0.65+0.25 1000−fy Ø=0.90

NSCP 2010
Reduction factor Ø
Compression controlled
Ø=0.65

For Mu

Mu= Ø0.85f’cab(d-a/2)
Mu=____

END
 DESIGN OF SINGLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR BEAM

START

Determine the values of load, DL, LL, and other

loads

Approximate the weight of the beam

Small beams 2kN/M
Medium-sized beams 3.5 kN/M
Larged-sized beams 7 kN/M

compute the factored load on different combinations

NSCP 2001 NSCP 2010

ex. If the loads are dead load and live load only ex. If the loads are dead load and live load only
Wu=1.4DL+1.7LL Wu=1.2DL+1.6LL
Try ρ ranging from
0.5ρb to 0.6ρb and compare it to ρmax and ρmin

Compute the factored moment Mu to be carried

by the beam
ex. For a simply supported beam
ᵀ
Mu= 8

NSCP 2001 NSCP 2010

0t8 f’cß1(600) 0t8 f’cß1(600)
ρb= ρb= fy(600+fy)
fy(600+fy)
If f’c 30 MPa, ß1=0.85 If f’c 28 MPa, ß1=0.85
0t0 0t0
If f’c>30 MPa, ß1=0.85- (f’c -30) 0t6 If f’c>28 MPa, ß1=0.85- (f’c -28) ) 0t6
ρmax=0.75ρb ρmax=
0t8 f’cß1
f’c fy
if f’c 31.36 MPa, ρmin= f’c
fy
1t
if f’c 31.36 MPa, ρmin= fy
if f’c 31.36 MPa, ρmin= 1t
fy if f’c 31.36 MPa, ρmin=
fy

Compute the value of ω

fy
ω= f’c
=___

Solve for bd2

Mu=øf’cωbd2(1-0.59ω)

Reduction factor Ø Reduction factor Ø

NSCP 2001 Ø=0.90 NSCP 2010
then bd2=____
Solve for c: for SRB with rectangular section, ρ is
directly proportional to c

Try a ratio d=1.5b to 2b c=(assumed factor)x cmax cmax= d

Solve for d and b and round-off to the nearest
ones or tenths assumed factor=0.7 to 0.8

Check for the minimum thickness (or concrete Determine if tension controlled or in transition
600(d-c)
cover) required by the code and solve for h fs= c
=___
NSCP 2001 Section 5.9.5 if fs 1000 MPa, tension controlled, use Ø=0.90
NSCP 2010 Section 409.6.2.1 if fs< 1000 MPa, in transition, use
fs−fy
Ø=0.65+0.25 1000−fy
Compute the weight of the beam and compare it
then bd2=___
to the assumption made.

Solve for the required steel area and no. of bars

As
END
As= bd=___ n= =___
(t )
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB

START

Identify the Uniform floor pressures (Pa) to be carried by Calculate the factored moment Mu to be carried by the slab
the slab. Ex. For slab with typical floor pressures of dead load ( DL)
Typical floor pressures: a. Live load pressure and live load (LL)
b. Dead load pressure NSCP 2001 1.4DL+1.7LL
c. ceiling load(below the slab) and NSCP 2010 1.2DL+1.6LL
other attachment
Uniform load pressure, Wu=Factored pressure x 1 m
ᵀ
Mu= 8
=___
Determine the minimum thickness “h” from the
code
NSCP 2001 Section 5.9.5 Compute the effective depth “d”
NSCP 2010 Section 409.6.2.1 1
d= h-(concrete cover)- (main bar diameter)
for the value of covering, refer to the code
Compute the weight of the slab NSCP 2001 Section 5.7.7
Weight= ϒconc x h=23.54h=____ NSCP 2010 Section 407.8.1

Solve for
ρ
Reduction factor Ø Reduction factor Ø
NSCP 2001 Ø=0.90 NSCP 2010 Det. If tension-controlled or in transition
then bd2=____ Solve for ØMtn
ᓎ
ØMtn=1600 ß1f’cbd2(1- 16
ß1)
If Mu ØMtn, tension-controlled, Ø=0.90
Compute the required steel ratio ρ If Mu> ØMtn, in transition, Ø=0.65+0.25
fs−fy
1000−fy
0t8 f’c Rn
Mu=ØRnbd2 ρ= fy
1− 1−
0t8 f’c

ρ =__

Compare ρ to ρmin
NSCP 2001 and ρmax NSCP 2010
ρmax=0.75ρb ρmax=
0t8 f’cß1
f’c fy
if f’c 31.36 MPa, ρmin= fy f’c
1t
if f’c 31.36 MPa, ρmin= fy
if f’c 31.36 MPa, ρmin= fy 1t
if f’c 31.36 MPa, ρmin=
If ρmin ρ ρmax, use ρ fy

If ρ>ρmax, increase the depth of slab to If ρmin ρ ρmax, use ρ

ensure ductile failure If ρ>ρmax, increase the depth of slab to
If ρ<ρmin, use ρmin ensure ductile failure
If ρ<ρmin, use ρmin

Compute the required main bar spacing

As= bd=___
A
Spacing, S1= Abx 1000=___ Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement
s
See code for the value of t
As tbh=___
NSCP 2001 Section 5.7.12
NSCP 2010 Section 407.13
Use the smallest of the following main bar
spacing: A
S1 Ast= tbh=___ Spacing, S2= b x 1000=___
As
3h Use the smallest of the following main bar spacing:
450 mm S2
5h
450 mm

END
 ANALYSIS OF SINGLY REINFORCED T-BEAM

START

GIVEN: Mu, bf, bw, t, d, f’c, fy

REQUIRED: Steel Area, As

Compare Mu and ØMnmax

ØMnmax=Ø0.85 f’cAcmax(moment arm)
600d
NSCP 2001 Acmax=0.75Acb cb=
600+fy
Ø=0.90
NSCP 2010 for Acmax, cmax= d
800−fy
Ø=0.65+0.25
1000−fy
Mu<ØMnmax?
YES, Design as SRB
NO, Design as DRB (compression
reinforcement is necessary)

Design as Singly reinforced T-beam

For ØMn1 with a=t
ØMn1=Ø0.85f’cbft(d-t/2)=___
If Mu<ØMn1, a<t
If Mu>ØMn1, a>t

if a<t If a>t
Solve for a: Mu=ØMn=ΣØ0.85f’cAc(moment arm)
Mu=ØMn=Ø0.85f’cbfa(d-a/2) =Ø0.85f’c{bft(d-t/2)+bw(a-t)[d-(a+t)/2]}
NSCP 2001 Ø=0.90 NSCP 2001 Ø=0.90
NSCP 2010 Assume Ø=0.90 then check later on NSCP 2010 Assume Ø=0.90 then check later on
if fs 1000 MPa, tension controlled, use Ø=0.90 if fs 1000 MPa, tension controlled, use Ø=0.90
if fs< 1000 MPa, in transition, use if fs< 1000 MPa, in transition, use
fs−fy fs−fy
Ø=0.65+0.25 1000−fy
Ø=0.65+0.25 1000−fy
a=___
a=___ Ac=___

[T=C] Asfy=0.85f’cbfa As=___ [T=C] Asfy=0.85f’cAc As=___

Compare As to Asmin(smaller value) Compare As to Asmin(smaller value)

f’c f’c f’c f’c
Asmin= bwd=___ Asmin= bfd Asmin= fy
bwd=___ Asmin= fy
bfd
fy fy

END
 ANALYSIS OF SINGLY REINFORCED T-BEAM

START

GIVEN: As, bf, bw, t, d, f’c, fy

REQUIRED: Ultimate moment, Mu

Determine if tension steel yields

Solve for Asb

600d
cb=600+fy ab=ß1cb=___

NSCP 2001 If f’c 30 MPa, ß1=0.85

0t0
If f’c>30 MPa, ß1=0.85- (f’c -30) 0t6
NSCP 2010 If f’c 28 MPa, ß1=0.85
0t0
If f’c>28 MPa, ß1=0.85- (f’c -
28) 0t6
0t8 f’cß1(600)
ρb= fy(600+fy)
=__ then Asb=ρbAcb=__
if As Asb, steel yields
if As>Asb, steel doesn’t yield

if tension steel yields, fs=fy

Solve for Ac [T=C] 0.85f’cAc=Asfy Ac=__
If Ac<Af, a<t
If Ac>Af, a>t

If a<t If a>t
Ac=bfa a=___ Ac=bft+bw(a-t) a=___

Now Solve for øMn Now Solve for øMn

øMn=øAsfy(d-a/2) øMn= ΣØ0.85f’cAc(moment arm)
=Ø0.85f’c{bft(d-t/2)+bw(a-t)[d-(a+t)/2]}
NSCP 2001 Ø=0.90
NSCP 2010 Assume Ø=0.90 then check later on NSCP 2001 Ø=0.90
if fs 1000 MPa, tension controlled, use NSCP 2010 Assume Ø=0.90 then check later on
Ø=0.90 if fs 1000 MPa, tension controlled, use
if fs< 1000 MPa, in transition, use Ø=0.90
Ø=0.65+0.25
fs−fy if fs< 1000 MPa, in transition, use
1000−fy fs−fy
Ø=0.65+0.25
1000−fy
øMn=___ øMn=___

END
 ANALYSIS OF DOUBLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR BEAM

START

GIVEN: Mu, b, d, f’c, fy

REQUIRED: Steel Area (compression and tension)

Solve for Mumax

Mumax=Ø0.85f’camaxb(d-amax/2)
Mumax=__

NSCP 2001 NSCP 2010

amax=0.75ab ab=ß1cb
600d
cb=600+fy amax=ß1cmax cmax=3d/7
If f’c 28 MPa, ß1=0.85
If f’c 30 MPa, ß1=0.85 0t0
0t0 If f’c>28 MPa, ß1=0.85- (f’c -28) 0t6
If f’c>30 MPa, ß1=0.85- (f’c -30) 0t6
800−fy
Ø=0.90 Ø=0.65+0.25 1000−fy

YES N
Mu>Mumax? NO

Design as Doubly Reinforced Beam

Design as Singly Reinforced Beam

Solve for As1

As1= ρmaxbd=__
See Analysis of Singly Reinforced beam
NSCP 2001 ρmax=0.75ρb
0t8 f’cß1
NSCP 2010 ρmax= fy

Solve for As2 then As

Mu Mnmax
ø
=Mn1+mn2= ø +Mn2 Mn2=___

Mn2=As2fy(d-amax/2) As2=___

As= As1+ As2=____

For A’s

Determine if compression steel yields

600(c-d')
f’s= c
if f’s fy, steel yields, use f’s=fy END
if f’s<fy, steel doesn’t yield, use f’s

[T2=C’s] A’sfy=As2fy A’s=___

 ANALYSIS OF DOUBLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR BEAM

START

GIVEN: A’s, As, b, d, f’c, fy

REQUIRED: Nominal Moment, Mn

Possible cases:
Case 1: both tension and compression steel yields
Case 2: Only tension steel yields (fs=fy, f’s<fy)
Case 3: Only compression steel yields (f’s=fy, fs<fy)

Assume compression steel yields (f’s=fy)

[T2=C’s] As2=A’s=___ As1=As-As2=__
Check if assumptions were right
Assume tension steel yields (fs=fy) and solve for a and c 600(d-c)
[T1=Cc] As1fy=0.85f’cab a=____ c=a/ß1=___ fs= c
=___ if fs fy, tension steel yields
if fs<fy, tension steel doesn’t yield
NSCP 2001 If f’c 30 MPa, ß1=0.85
0t0 600(c-d')
If f’c>30 MPa, ß1=0.85- (f’c -30) 0t6 f’s= c
=____ if f’s fy, compression steel yields
NSCP 2010 If f’c 28 MPa, ß1=0.85 if f’s<fy, compression steel doesn’t yield
0t0
If f’c>28 MPa, ß1=0.85- (f’c -28) 0t6

If tension steel yields, use fs=fy

Mn= T1(d-a/2)+T2(d-d’)=As1fy(d-a/2)+As2fy(d-d’)
Mn=____

If compression steel does not yield and tension steel

yielded
solve for a
If tension steel does not yield and compression steel
yielded T=Cc+C’s Asfs=0.85f’cß1cb+A’sf’s
600(c-d')
solve for a with f’s= c fs=fy
c=___ a=ß1c=____
T=Cc+C’s Asfs=0.85f’cß1cb+A’sf’s
600(d-c)
with fs= c
f’s=fy
Mn= T1(d-a/2)+T2(d-d’)=As1fy(d-a/2)+As2fy(d-d’)
c=___ a=ß1c=____
Mn=____
Mn=Cc(d-a/2)+C’c(d-d’)=0.85f’cbd(d-a/2)+A’sfy(d-d’)
Mn=____

END
 Bicol University
College of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
Legazpi City

Prepared by:
Adrian Paul Ocaña

BSCE 4A

Submitted to:
Engr Denise Legazpi