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Objective
2. To apply new method for dye degradation using citrate as a capping agent of the silver
nanoparticles.
4. To be able to use contribute unto removal of pollutants on waste water caused by organic
dyes.
Review of Related Literature
Organic dyes is one of the major groups of pollutants widely used in textile, plastic,
medicine and many other industries, while the hazardous effects of organic dyes in waste water
have been a major concern and now a major threat in the environment due to the substantial
pollution problems caused by them. These industries exhausted large quantity of high content color
effluents, which are generally more toxic and resistant to destruction by conventional methods. A
necessary criterion in the use of these dyes is that they must be highly accumulated in water and
stable in light during washing. The accumulation of these dyes in the water bodies causes
eutrophication, reduces the reoxygenation capacity and makes severe damage to the aquatic
Various physical, chemical and biological water treatment methods have been used for removing
the dye wastes. These include methods such as adsorption, membrane filtration, chemical
oxidation and reduction, photochemical and electrochemical treatment, anaerobic treatment etc.
Since the dye pollutants are chemically stable, traditional water treatment methods are found to be
ineffective. They are highly resistant to micro- organisms and hence the water soluble dyes are not
2015).
Nanocatalysis
Recently, nanotechnology has been extended to the area of waste water treatment. Nanocatalysis
has undergone a remarkable growth in recent years and seems to be a revolution in the field of
catalysis. Metallic nanoparticles exhibit physical and chemical properties that differ considerably
from those of the bulk materials. This is largely due to their finite size and large surface area to
volume ratio and the reactivity that depends mostly on their size. The size dependent reactivity
and large surface area have made them efficient catalysts. Several researchers have reported the
use of nanocatalysts for the effective removal of dye stuffs. (Muthukrishnan S, Muthukumar M, &
Cit-AgNP
The presence of surfactants comprising functionalities (e.g., thiols, amines, acids, and alcohols)
for interactions with particle surfaces can stabilize particle growth, and protect particles from
sedimentation, agglomeration, or losing their surface properties. (S. Iravani et al, 2013)
A solution of silver nanoparticles was prepared to characterize and prove the existence of three
species: Ag+ ions, Ago and Ag+ ions adsorbed on Ago . The solution was synthesized using a
traditional method. The added citrate in Ag nanoparticles colloids, serving as a stabilizer, binds
strongly to the Ag+ and facilitates the reduction and subsequent capping of Ago . (Nabraj Bhattarai
et al, 2011)
Methodology
1. Synthesis of AgNP
1. Silver colloid will be prepared using chemical reduction method where all solutions
4. It will be removed from the heating device and stirred until cooled to room
temperature
3. Various working solutions (40 ppm, 30 ppm, 20 ppm, 10 ppm, 5 ppm, 2 ppm, 1 ppm,
solution.
of dyes?)
5. After that, expose the samples under the lamp and monitor time interval period
of 60 mins.
absorbance at 613nm and 664nm to evaluate the photo catalytic degradation of dye.
4. Degradation Kinetics of Dye (methylene blue) using Citrate-Stabilized AgNPs under
visible light
1. Take a 100mL conical flask and wash with distilled water properly.
4. Vortex it properly and take readings at different time interval (0, 5, 30, 60, 90,
stock solution.
stirrer.
Faisal M, Tariq MA, Muneer M (2007) Photocatalysed degradation of two selected dyes
Kashmi Nirmohi, 2016. Catalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue as a Model Dye using
Silver Nanoparticles